1
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Islam MK, Dhondt B, Syed P, Khan M, Gidwani K, Webber J, Hendrix A, Jenster G, Lamminen T, Boström PJ, Pettersson K, Lamminmäki U, Leivo J. Integrins are enriched on aberrantly fucosylated tumour-derived urinary extracellular vesicles. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 1:e64. [PMID: 38939212 PMCID: PMC11080809 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) are enriched with glycosylated proteins which have been extensively studied as putative biomarkers of urological cancers. Here, we characterized the glycosylation and integrin profile of EVs derived from urological cancer cell lines. We used fluorescent europium-doped nanoparticles coated with lectins and antibodies to identify a biomarker combination consisting of integrin subunit alpha 3 (ITGA3) and fucose. In addition, we used the same cancer cell line-derived EVs as analytical standards to assess the sensitivity of the ITGA3-UEA assay. The clinical performance of the ITGA3-UEA assay was analysed using urine samples of various urological pathologies including diagnostically challenging benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), prostate cancer (PCa) and bladder cancer (BlCa). The assay can significantly discriminate BlCa from all other patient groups: PCa (9.2-fold; p = 0.00038), BPH (5.5-fold; p = 0.004) and healthy individuals (and 23-fold; p = 0.0001). Our results demonstrate that aberrantly fucosylated uEVs and integrin ITGA3 can be detected with fucose-specific lectin UEA in a simple bioaffinity assay for the detection of BlCa directly from unprocessed urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Khirul Islam
- Department of Life TechnologiesDivision of BiotechnologyUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship CenterUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Bert Dhondt
- Department of UrologyGhent University HospitalGhentBelgium
- Laboratory for Experimental Cancer ResearchDepartment of Human Structure and RepairGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
- Cancer Research InstituteGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | | | - Misba Khan
- Department of Life TechnologiesDivision of BiotechnologyUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Kamlesh Gidwani
- Department of Life TechnologiesDivision of BiotechnologyUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Jason Webber
- Institute of Life Science 1Swansea University Medical SchoolSwanseaUK
| | - An Hendrix
- Laboratory for Experimental Cancer ResearchDepartment of Human Structure and RepairGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
- Cancer Research InstituteGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Guido Jenster
- Department of UrologyErasmus MCRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Tarja Lamminen
- Department of UrologyTurku University Hospital and University of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Peter J. Boström
- Department of UrologyTurku University Hospital and University of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Kim Pettersson
- Department of Life TechnologiesDivision of BiotechnologyUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Urpo Lamminmäki
- Department of Life TechnologiesDivision of BiotechnologyUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship CenterUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Janne Leivo
- Department of Life TechnologiesDivision of BiotechnologyUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship CenterUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
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2
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Schulz A, Loloi J, Pina Martina L, Sankin A. The Development of Non-Invasive Diagnostic Tools in Bladder Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2022; 15:497-507. [PMID: 35529887 PMCID: PMC9075009 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s283891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alison Schulz
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Justin Loloi
- Department of Urology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 11061, USA
| | - Luis Pina Martina
- Department of Urology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 11061, USA
| | - Alexander Sankin
- Department of Urology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 11061, USA
- Correspondence: Alexander Sankin, Department of Urology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 11061, USA, Tel +800 636-6683, Email
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3
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Non-invasive diagnostic potential of microRNA-203 in liquid biopsy of urothelial carcinoma of bladder. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:2173-2182. [PMID: 35445913 PMCID: PMC9021364 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04431-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Increased CD44 antigen activity has been reported in recurrent cases of UBC. To date, no reliable biomarker is available with high significance and specificity for non-invasive detection of UBC. This study aimed to identify a CD44-linked microRNAs (miRNAs) (miR-9, miR-34a, miR-203) for non-invasive diagnosis of bladder cancer from other urinary tract malignancies. The expression of CD44-linked miRNAs was examined in serum, urine, and tissue specimens of Indian UBC patients (N = 25). For this purpose, healthy subjects (N = 25) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) (N = 10) patients were taken as controls. The relative expression of miRNAs was analyzed in serum, urine, and tissue samples using real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). The diagnostic potential of these miRNAs was accessed by plotting ROC curve. Increased miR-9 expression was observed in serum of UBC patients than healthy and BPH controls. In UBC patients, miR-34a expression was lower than healthy controls but non-significant as compared to BPH. miR-203 expression was considerably higher in serum of UBC patients but non-significant as compared to BPH controls. miR-203 was found to be considerably higher in urine samples from UBC patients as compared to BPH and healthy controls. The diagnostic potential of these miRNAs was evaluated using the ROC curve. Higher miR-203 levels in the urine of Indian UBC patients demonstrate its non-invasive diagnostic ability out of the three miRNAs studied. Our results characterize the non-invasive diagnostic potential of CD44-linked miR-203 in the urine of Indian UBC patients, which could be utilized in clinical settings in future after validation in larger patient cohort.
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Singh A, Gupta N, Khandakar H, Kaushal S, Seth A, Pandey RM, Sharma A. Autophagy-associated HMGB-1 as a novel potential circulating non-invasive diagnostic marker for detection of Urothelial Carcinoma of Bladder. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:493-505. [PMID: 34796446 PMCID: PMC8601373 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04299-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Urothelial carcinoma of bladder (UBC), a highly prevalent urological malignancy associated with high mortality and recurrence rate. Standard diagnostic method currently being used is cystoscopy but its invasive nature and low sensitivity stresses for identifying predictive diagnostic marker. Autophagy, a cellular homeostasis maintaining process, is usually dysregulated in cancer and its role is still enigmatic in UBC. In this study, 30 UBC patients and healthy controls were enrolled. Histopathologically confirmed tumor and adjacent normal tissue were acquired from patients. Molecular expression and tissue localization of autophagy-associated molecules (HMGB-1, RAGE, beclin, LC-3, and p62) were investigated. Serum HMGB-1 concentration was measured in UBC patients and healthy controls. ROC curves were plotted to evaluate diagnostic potential. Transcript, protein, and IHC expression of HMGB-1, RAGE, beclin, and LC-3 displayed upregulated expression, while p62 was downregulated in bladder tumor tissue. Serum HMGB-1 levels were elevated in UBC patients. Transcript and circulatory levels of HMGB-1 showed positive correlation and displayed a positive trend with disease severity. Upon comparison with clinicopathological parameters, HMGB-1 emerged as molecule of statistical significance to exhibit association. HMGB-1 exhibited optimum sensitivity and specificity in serum. The positive correlation between tissue and serum levels of HMGB-1 showcases serum as a representation of in situ scenario, suggesting its clinical applicability for non-invasive testing. Moreover, optimum sensitivity and specificity displayed by HMGB-1 along with significant association with clinicopathological parameters makes it a potential candidate to be used as diagnostic marker for early detection of UBC but requires further validation in larger cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Nidhi Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Hena Khandakar
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Seema Kaushal
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Amlesh Seth
- Department of Urology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - R M Pandey
- Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Alpana Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India.
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5
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Henning GM, Barashi NS, Smith ZL. Advances in Biomarkers for Detection, Surveillance, and Prognosis of Bladder Cancer. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2021; 19:194-198. [PMID: 33781702 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bladder cancer may present management challenges, as it frequently recurs and can progress when not expeditiously diagnosed and carefully monitored following initial therapy for noninvasive disease. Cystoscopy and cytology have long been the primary tools for the urologist treating bladder cancer. However, as a host of potential biomarkers have been developed, new avenues for noninvasive testing have become available in the detection, surveillance, and prognostic setting. Analysis of urine for mutational signatures at the genetic and epigenetic levels appears promising, but such testing has yet to become widely adopted into clinical practice. Here, we review recent advances in bladder cancer biomarker assays, with particular attention to clinical relevance and potential application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant M Henning
- Division of Urology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Nimrod S Barashi
- Division of Urology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Zachary L Smith
- Division of Urology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO.
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6
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Hong M, He G, Goh S, Low AWX, Tay KJ, Lim TKH, Yeong J, Khor LY, Lim TS. Biomarkers for Precision Urothelial Carcinoma Diagnosis: Current Approaches and the Application of Single-Cell Technologies. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13020260. [PMID: 33445605 PMCID: PMC7827267 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is the most frequently diagnosed cancer of the urinary tract and is ranked the sixth most diagnosed cancer in men worldwide. About 70–75% of newly diagnosed UCs are non-invasive or low grade. Different tests such as urine cytology and cystoscopy are used to detect UC. If abnormal tissue is found during cystoscopy, then a biopsy will be performed. Cytology has low sensitivity for low-grade cancer while cystoscopy is invasive and costly. Detecting UC early improves the chances of treatment success. Therefore, many researchers have painstakingly identified urine biological markers for non-invasive UC diagnosis. In this review, we summarize some of the latest and most promising biological markers (including FDA-approved and investigational markers). We also discuss some new technologies that can aid research efforts in biological marker discovery for early UC detection. Abstract Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is the most frequent malignancy of the urinary system and is ranked the sixth most diagnosed cancer in men worldwide. Around 70–75% of newly diagnosed UC manifests as the non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) subtype, which can be treated by a transurethral resection of the tumor. However, patients require life-long monitoring due to its high rate of recurrence. The current gold standard for UC diagnosis, prognosis, and disease surveillance relies on a combination of cytology and cystoscopy, which is invasive, costly, and associated with comorbidities. Hence, there is considerable interest in the development of highly specific and sensitive urinary biomarkers for the non-invasive early detection of UC. In this review, we assess the performance of current diagnostic assays for UC and highlight some of the most promising biomarkers investigated to date. We also highlight some of the recent advances in single-cell technologies that may offer a paradigm shift in the field of UC biomarker discovery and precision diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Hong
- A. Menarini Biomarkers Singapore Pte Ltd., Singapore 117440, Singapore;
| | - George He
- Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169856, Singapore; (G.H.); (S.G.); (T.K.H.L.)
| | - Siting Goh
- Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169856, Singapore; (G.H.); (S.G.); (T.K.H.L.)
| | - Alvin Wei Xiang Low
- Department of Urology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169854, Singapore; (A.W.X.L.); (K.J.T.)
| | - Kae Jack Tay
- Department of Urology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169854, Singapore; (A.W.X.L.); (K.J.T.)
| | - Tony Kiat Hon Lim
- Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169856, Singapore; (G.H.); (S.G.); (T.K.H.L.)
| | - Joe Yeong
- Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169856, Singapore; (G.H.); (S.G.); (T.K.H.L.)
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138673, Singapore
- Correspondence: (J.Y.); (L.Y.K.); (T.S.L.)
| | - Li Yan Khor
- Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169856, Singapore; (G.H.); (S.G.); (T.K.H.L.)
- Correspondence: (J.Y.); (L.Y.K.); (T.S.L.)
| | - Tong Seng Lim
- A. Menarini Biomarkers Singapore Pte Ltd., Singapore 117440, Singapore;
- Correspondence: (J.Y.); (L.Y.K.); (T.S.L.)
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7
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Chaudhuri AA, Pellini B, Pejovic N, Chauhan PS, Harris PK, Szymanski JJ, Smith ZL, Arora VK. Emerging Roles of Urine-Based Tumor DNA Analysis in Bladder Cancer Management. JCO Precis Oncol 2020; 4:2000060. [PMID: 32923907 DOI: 10.1200/po.20.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aadel A Chaudhuri
- Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO.,Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO.,Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO.,Siteman Cancer Center, Barnes Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Bruna Pellini
- Siteman Cancer Center, Barnes Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO.,Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Nadja Pejovic
- Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Pradeep S Chauhan
- Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Peter K Harris
- Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Jeffrey J Szymanski
- Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO.,Siteman Cancer Center, Barnes Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Zachary L Smith
- Siteman Cancer Center, Barnes Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO.,Division of Urologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Vivek K Arora
- Siteman Cancer Center, Barnes Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO.,Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
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8
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Montalbo R, Izquierdo L, Ingelmo-Torres M, Galve P, Solé M, Franco A, Ribal MJ, Alcaraz A, Mengual L. Urine cytology suspicious for urothelial carcinoma: Prospective follow-up of cases using cytology and urine biomarker-based ancillary techniques. Cancer Cytopathol 2020; 128:460-469. [PMID: 32083810 DOI: 10.1002/cncy.22252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urine cytology results that are suspicious for urothelial carcinoma (UC) are challenging. The objective of this study was to elucidate the clinical significance of such results in patients who have a negative cystoscopy. METHODS In this prospective study, 83 patients who had urine cytology that was suspicious of UC and a negative cystoscopy underwent a second cystoscopy and urine evaluation by cytology, UroVysion fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay, FGFR3 (fibroblast growth factor receptor 3) and TERT (telomerase reverse transcriptase) mutations and an 8-gene expression classifier (GEC). Results from all techniques were compared with patients' clinical outcomes. RESULTS The presence of tumor was identified in 41% of patients; of these, 82% had tumors identified at their second evaluation (76% high-grade [HG] tumors), and 18% had tumors identified at a later follow-up (50% were HG tumors). After The Paris System for Reporting urinary Cytology (TPS) reclassification, 53 cytology results still had an indeterminate diagnosis (13 were suspicious for HGUC, and 40 had atypical urothelial cells (AUCs)]. Complete results from second evaluations using urine cytology, cytology-TPS, FISH, and GEC were available for 6 cases that were suspicious for HGUC and 34 cases that had AUCs. The sensitivity of these techniques to detect HG tumors in cases that were suspicious for HGUC was 100%, except for cytology-TPS, for which the sensitivity was 50%. The sensitivity of cytology and cytology-TPS to detect HG tumors in cases with AUCs was 33%, whereas the sensitivity of fluorescence in situ hybridization and GEC in these cases was 83% and 75%, respectively, to detect HG tumors at the second evaluation. CONCLUSIONS The current results indicate the relevant clinical significance of indeterminate urine cytology findings and strongly suggest the use of complementary evaluations by urine biomarker-based, ancillary techniques to elucidate their significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Montalbo
- Laboratory and Department of Urology, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Izquierdo
- Laboratory and Department of Urology, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercedes Ingelmo-Torres
- Laboratory and Department of Urology, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pilar Galve
- Laboratory and Department of Urology, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manel Solé
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Agustín Franco
- Laboratory and Department of Urology, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María José Ribal
- Laboratory and Department of Urology, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Alcaraz
- Laboratory and Department of Urology, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lourdes Mengual
- Laboratory and Department of Urology, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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9
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Xiong T, Huang C, Li J, Yu S, Chen F, Zhang Z, Zhuang C, Li Y, Zhuang C, Huang X, Ye J, Zhang F, Gui Y. LncRNA NRON promotes the proliferation, metastasis and EMT process in bladder cancer. J Cancer 2020; 11:1751-1760. [PMID: 32194786 PMCID: PMC7052857 DOI: 10.7150/jca.37958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Bladder cancer (BC) is one of the most common malignancies world-wide with high morbidity and mortality. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are thought to play a critical role in cancer development. LncRNA NRON, a repressor of activated T-cell nuclear factor (NFAT), has been shown to be dysregulated in many cancer types. However, the clinical significance and molecular mechanism of NRON in bladder cancer is still unknown. Methods: The expression levels of NRON in BC tissues and cell lines were tested by RT-qPCR. Survival analysis was performed to detect the correlation between NRON expression and clinical outcomes in patients with BC. The biological role of NRON in BC cells proliferation and metastasis was examined in vitro and in vivo. Results: The expression of NRON was significantly upregulated in BC specimens and cell lines compared with paired adjacent normal tissues and normal cell lines. The upregulation of NRON in bladder cancer patients was significantly associated with the depth of bladder tumor invasion and poor prognosis. Knockdown of NRON inhibited BC cells proliferation, migration, invasion and tumorigenicity. Furthermore, NRON promoted epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) progression, and NRON-induced EZH2 expression contributed to this process. Conclusion: In conclusion, our results suggested that NRON acted as an oncogene and tumor biomarker for BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiefu Xiong
- Graduate School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China.,Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Institute of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Chenchen Huang
- Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Institute of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China.,Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jianfa Li
- Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Institute of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Shaokang Yu
- Department of Oncology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Fangfang Chen
- Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Institute of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Zeng Zhang
- Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Institute of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Chengle Zhuang
- Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Institute of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Yawen Li
- Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Institute of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Changshui Zhuang
- Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Institute of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Xinbo Huang
- Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Institute of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Jing Ye
- Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Institute of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Fangting Zhang
- Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Institute of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Yaoting Gui
- Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Institute of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
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10
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Eich ML, Netto GJ. Genitourinary Tumors. Genomic Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-22922-1_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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11
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Bonakdar A, Sahebazzamani F, Rasaee MJ, Hosseinkhani S, Rahbarizadeh F, Mahboudi F, Ganjali MR. In silico design and in vitro characterization of a recombinant antigen for specific recognition of NMP22. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 140:69-77. [PMID: 31404598 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Although urine cytology and cystoscopy are current gold standard methods in diagnosis and surveillance of Bladder cancer (BC), they have some limitations which necessitates novel diagnostic approaches to compensate their drawbacks. In this regard, Nuclear Matrix Protein 22 (NMP22) is introduced as a potential tumor biomarker for BC detection (FDA approved). NMP22 determination mainly occurs through immunoassay platforms, raising a proper antibody against its antigen. Hence, development of such immunoassays seems crucial. Various bioinformatic tools were harnessed to select a region with lowest variability, highest density for linear and conformational epitopes, lowest post translational modifications, highest antigenicity, best physicochemical properties and reliable transcriptional properties. Subsequently, E. coli BL21 (DE3) and P. pastoris GS115 were applied for exogenous expression. Ultimately, protein purification and quantification was followed by ELISA test for antibody analyses. Both host successfully expressed the antigen, while the E. coli expression was with higher yield. The commercial anti-NMP22 antibodies showed relatively equal detection results. However, the slight better detection for the antigen with P. pastoris origin could be deduced as better structural properties for P. pastoris. These results indicate higher expression yields and lower costs for over-expression of this eukaryotic antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Bonakdar
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sahebazzamani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Rasaee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saman Hosseinkhani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Rahbarizadeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Reza Ganjali
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Biosensor Research Center, Endocrinology & Metabolism Molecular - Cellular Sciences Institute, Iran
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12
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Eich ML, Rodriguez Pena MDC, Springer S, Taheri D, Tregnago AC, Salles DC, Bezerra SM, Cunha IW, Fujita K, Ertoy D, Bivalacqua TJ, Tomasetti C, Papadopoulos N, Kinzler KW, Vogelstein B, Netto GJ. Incidence and distribution of UroSEEK gene panel in a multi-institutional cohort of bladder urothelial carcinoma. Mod Pathol 2019; 32:1544-1550. [PMID: 31028363 PMCID: PMC6872189 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-019-0276-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Noninvasive approaches for early detection of bladder cancer are actively being investigated. We recently developed a urine- based molecular assay for the detection and surveillance of bladder neoplasms (UroSEEK). UroSEEK is designed to detect alterations in 11 genes that include most common genetic alterations in bladder cancer. In this study, we analyzed 527 cases, including 373 noninvasive and 154 invasive urothelial carcinomas of bladder from transurethral resections or cystectomies performed at four institutions (1991-2016). Two different mutational analysis assays of a representative tumor area were performed: first, a singleplex PCR assay for evaluation of the TERT promoter region (TERTSeqS) and second, a multiplex PCR assay using primers designed to amplify regions of interest of 10 (FGFR3, PIK3CA, TP53, HRAS, KRAS, ERBB2, CDKN2A, MET, MLL, and VHL) genes (UroSeqS). Overall, 92% of all bladder tumors were positive for at least one genetic alteration in the UroSEEK panel. We found TERT promoter mutations in 77% of low-grade noninvasive papillary carcinomas, with a relatively lower incidence of 65% in high-grade noninvasive papillary carcinomas and carcinomas in situ; p = 0.017. Seventy-two percent of pT1 and 63% of muscle-invasive bladder tumors harbored TERT promoter mutations with g.1295228C>T alteration being the most common in all groups. FGFR3 and PIK3CA mutations were more frequent in low-grade noninvasive papillary carcinomas compared with high-grade noninvasive papillary carcinomas and carcinomas in situ (p < 0.0001), while the opposite was true for TP53 (p < 0.0001). Significantly higher rates of TP53 and CDKN2A mutation rates (p = 0.005 and 0.035, respectively) were encountered in muscle-invasive bladder tumors compared with those of pT1 stage. The overwhelming majority of all investigated tumors showed at least one mutation among UroSEEK assay genes, confirming the comprehensive coverage of the panel and supporting its potential utility as a noninvasive urine-based assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Lisa Eich
- Department of Pathology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | | | - Simeon Springer
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ludwig Cancer for Cancer Genetics and Therapeutics, Baltimore, United States,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, United States
| | - Diana Taheri
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, United States,Department of Pathology, Isfahan Kidney Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | | | - Stephania Martins Bezerra
- Department of Pathology, AC Camargo Cancer Center, Sao Paulo, Brazil,Department of Pathology, Rede D’OR-São Luiz, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabela W. Cunha
- Department of Pathology, AC Camargo Cancer Center, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Dilek Ertoy
- Department of Pathology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Cristian Tomasetti
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States,Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center
| | - Nickolas Papadopoulos
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ludwig Cancer for Cancer Genetics and Therapeutics, Baltimore, United States,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, United States
| | - Ken W. Kinzler
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ludwig Cancer for Cancer Genetics and Therapeutics, Baltimore, United States,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, United States
| | - Bert Vogelstein
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ludwig Cancer for Cancer Genetics and Therapeutics, Baltimore, United States,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, United States
| | - George J. Netto
- Department of Pathology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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13
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Lang K, Kahveci S, Bonberg N, Wichert K, Behrens T, Hovanec J, Roghmann F, Noldus J, Tam YC, Tannapfel A, Käfferlein HU, Brüning T. TGFBI Protein Is Increased in the Urine of Patients with High-Grade Urothelial Carcinomas, and Promotes Cell Proliferation and Migration. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184483. [PMID: 31514337 PMCID: PMC6770034 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we discovered TGFBI as a new urinary biomarker for muscle invasive and high-grade urothelial carcinoma (UC). After biomarker identification using antibody arrays, results were verified in urine samples from a study population consisting of 303 patients with UC, and 128 urological and 58 population controls. The analyses of possible modifying factors (age, sex, smoking status, urinary leukocytes and erythrocytes, and history of UC) were calculated by multiple logistic regression. Additionally, we performed knockdown experiments with TGFBI siRNA in bladder cancer cells and investigated the effects on proliferation and migration by wound closure assays and BrdU cell cycle analysis. TGFBI concentrations in urine are generally increased in patients with UC when compared to urological and population controls (1321.0 versus 701.3 and 475.6 pg/mg creatinine, respectively). However, significantly increased TGFBI was predominantly found in muscle invasive (14,411.7 pg/mg creatinine), high-grade (8190.7 pg/mg) and de novo UC (1856.7 pg/mg; all p < 0.0001). Knockdown experiments in vitro led to a significant decline of cell proliferation and migration. In summary, our results suggest a critical role of TGFBI in UC tumorigenesis and particularly in high-risk UC patients with poor prognosis and an elevated risk of progression on the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Lang
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Selcan Kahveci
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Nadine Bonberg
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Katharina Wichert
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Thomas Behrens
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Jan Hovanec
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Florian Roghmann
- Department of Urology, Marien Hospital Herne, University Hospital of the Ruhr University Bochum, Hölkeskampring 40, 44625 Herne, Germany.
| | - Joachim Noldus
- Department of Urology, Marien Hospital Herne, University Hospital of the Ruhr University Bochum, Hölkeskampring 40, 44625 Herne, Germany.
| | - Yu Chun Tam
- Institute of Pathology, Georgius Agricola Stiftung Ruhr, Ruhr University Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Andrea Tannapfel
- Institute of Pathology, Georgius Agricola Stiftung Ruhr, Ruhr University Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Heiko U Käfferlein
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Thomas Brüning
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany.
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14
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Zhu CZ, Ting HN, Ng KH, Ong TA. A review on the accuracy of bladder cancer detection methods. J Cancer 2019; 10:4038-4044. [PMID: 31417648 PMCID: PMC6692607 DOI: 10.7150/jca.28989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose: Bladder cancer is the most common malignant tumour in the urinary system, with a high incidence and recurrence rate. While the incidence of bladder cancer has been rising in recent years, the prevalence of bladder carcinoma is showing an increasing tendency in the younger age group. There are several methods to detect bladder cancer, but different methods have varying degrees of accuracy which intrinsically depends on the method's sensitivity and specificity. Our aim was to comprehensively summarize the current detection methods for bladder cancer based on the available literature, and at the same time, to find the best combination of different effective methods which can produce a high degree of accuracy in detecting the presence of cancerous cells in the bladder. Materials and Methods: We used key word retrieval method for searching related references in English that had been indexed in PubMed and Medline. Results and Discussion: This paper discussed the different detection methods and their sensitivities/specificities as well as the advantages and disadvantages. We summarized the best identified cancer cell detection methods with higher sensitivity/specificity. Conclusion: The results of this review can positively help to identify accurate methods for detecting bladder cancer and highlight areas to be further improved for future research work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Zhe Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hua-Nong Ting
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kwan-Hoong Ng
- Department of Biomedical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Teng-Aik Ong
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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15
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Afshar S, Seyedabadi S, Saidijam M, Samadi P, Mazaherilaghab H, Mahdavinezhad A. Long Non-coding Ribonucleic Acid as a Novel Diagnosis and Prognosis Biomarker of Bladder Cancer. AVICENNA JOURNAL OF MEDICAL BIOCHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.34172/ajmb.2019.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding ribonucleic acids (lncRNAs) are the largest group of non-coding RNAs and supposedly have a broad spectrum of diverse functions in normal cellular processes. This study was carried out to review the biological functions of candidate lncRNAs (i.e., H19, MALAT-1, TUG1, UCA-1, MEG-3, HOTAIR, CCAT2, AATBC, and the like) with aberrant expressions that play critical roles in bladder cancer (BC) initiation, progression, and metastasis. A formal narrative review was performed by searching the PubMed database for English articles using a combination of keywords such as "long non-coding RNA", "lncRNA", "cancer", "bladder cancer", "screening", "prognosis", "diagnosis", and "response to therapy". In addition, the existing literature was studied on biological function, aberrant expression, and the clinical applications of candidate lncRNAs in BC. By a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of lncRNAs, they can be used as biomarkers for tumor signatures in urologic malignancies, which can improve screening, prognosis, diagnosis, and the treatment of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Afshar
- PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Saman Seyedabadi
- MSc, Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Massoud Saidijam
- PhD,Full Professor in Medical Biothecnology, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Pouria Samadi
- PhD Student in Medical Biothecnology,Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Hamzeh Mazaherilaghab
- PhD, Assistant Professor ,School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ali Mahdavinezhad
- MD, Phd, Assistant Professor, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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16
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Montalbo R, Lozano JJ, Izquierdo L, Ingelmo-Torres M, BaÑos C, Palou J, Van der Heijden AG, Medina R, Schmidbauer J, Prat A, Ribal MJ, Alcaraz A, Mengual L. Ability of a urine gene expression classifier to reduce the number of follow-up cystoscopies in bladder cancer patients. Transl Res 2019; 208:73-84. [PMID: 30771285 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to improve our previous urine gene expression classifiers focusing on the detection of non-high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), and develop a new classifier able to decrease the frequency of cystoscopies during bladder cancer (BC) patients' surveillance. A total of 597 urines from BC patients, controls and patients in follow-up for BC (PFBC) were included. The study has 3 phases. In the urinary biomarker discovery phase, 84 urines from BC and control patients were retrospectively included and analyzed by Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) sequencing. In the classifier development phase, a total of 132 selected genes from previous phase were evaluated by nCounter in 214 prospectively collected urines from PFBC (98 with tumor). A diagnostic classifier was generated by logistic regression. Finally, in the classifier validation phase, a multicentric and international cohort of 248 urines (134 BC and 114 nonrecurrent PFBC) was used to validate classifier performance. A total of 521 genes were found differentially expressed between non-high-risk NMIBC samples and all other groups (P < 0.05). An 8-gene diagnostic classifier with an area under curve (AUC) of 0.893 was developed. Validation of this classifier in a cohort of PFBC achieved an overall sensitivity (SN) and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 96% and 97%, respectively (AUC = 0.823). Notably, this accuracy was maintained in non-high-risk NMIBC group (SN = 94%; NPV = 98%). In conclusion, this 8-gene expression classifier has high SN and NPV in a real clinical scenario. The use of this classifier can reduce the number of follow-up cystoscopies in PFBC, although assessing its final place in clinical setting is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Montalbo
- Department and Laboratory of Urology, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Laura Izquierdo
- Department and Laboratory of Urology, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercedes Ingelmo-Torres
- Department and Laboratory of Urology, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen BaÑos
- Department and Laboratory of Urology, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Palou
- Department of Urology, Fundació Puigvert, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Rafael Medina
- Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Joerg Schmidbauer
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Aleix Prat
- Oncology Department, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria J Ribal
- Department and Laboratory of Urology, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Alcaraz
- Department and Laboratory of Urology, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lourdes Mengual
- Department and Laboratory of Urology, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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17
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Huang Z, Zhang M, Chen G, Wang W, Zhang P, Yue Y, Guan Z, Wang X, Fan J. Bladder cancer cells interact with vascular endothelial cells triggering EGFR signals to promote tumor progression. Int J Oncol 2019; 54:1555-1566. [PMID: 30816487 PMCID: PMC6438427 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although important progress has been made in elucidating the role of the tumor microenvironment in the development of bladder cancer, little is currently known regarding the interactions with vascular endothelial cells (ECs) that promote cancer progression. In the present study, it is reported that epidermal growth factor receptor ligands induced by the upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A and VEGF-C via the VEGF receptor (R)2/nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway in ECs, may trigger EGFR signaling in bladder cancer cells and promote bladder cancer progression. Furthermore, the interaction between bladder cancer cells and ECs enhanced EC recruitment though the CXCL1/CXCL5/CXCL8-CXCR2 pathway. Western blotting was used to evaluate the presence of VEGFR, EGFR and nuclear factor-κB, and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to evaluate the expression of VEGFR ligands and EGFR ligands. The present results indicate the mechanism by which the indirect interplay between bladder cancer cells and vascular ECs promotes cancer progression, through the VEGFR2 signaling pathway in vascular ECs and through the EGFR signaling pathway in bladder cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Huang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Mengzhao Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Guanqiu Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Weiyi Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Pu Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yangyang Yue
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Zhenfeng Guan
- Department of Urology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Xinyang Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Jinhai Fan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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18
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Li Z, Lin C, Zhao L, Zhou L, Pan X, Quan J, Peng X, Li W, Li H, Xu J, Xu W, Guan X, Chen Y, Lai Y. Oncogene miR-187-5p is associated with cellular proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis and an increased risk of recurrence in bladder cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 105:461-469. [PMID: 29883941 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.05.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bladder cancer, the ninth-most-common malignancy worldwide with an estimated 356,000 new cases and 145,000 deaths annually, has a propensity to relapse, requiring lifelong monitoring after diagnosis. 75% patients diagnosed with BC are non-muscle invasive BC and over 50% of them experience recurrences within 6-12 years of initial diagnosis. miRNA are small, noncoding RNA and shown to be oncogenes or anti-oncogenes in bladder cancer, contributing to numerous BC cell processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and apoptosis. METHODS RT-qPCR were performed to detect the expression of miR-187-5p in tissues and cell lines, After which, clinicopathological variables and the prognostic value of altered miR-187-5p expression in BC was analyzed with the 48 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded BC samples. Moreover, Cell functional assays (wound healing assay, CCK-8 assay, transwell assay and flow cytometry assay) were performed to explore the relationship between miR-187-5p expression and cell proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis in BC. RESULTS Up-regulation of miR-187-5p was observed in BC tissues and BC cell lines. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis demonstrated that the patients with low expression of miR-187-5p experience lower risks of recurrence in the univariate and multivariate analysis. The Kaplan-Meier recurrence-free curves suggested that the patients with low expression of miR-187-5p experience lower risks of recurrence. Up-regulation of miR-187-5p promotes cell proliferation and mobility and inhibits the apoptosis of 5637 and UM-UC-3 cell, while down-regulation of miR-187-5p reverses these effects. CONCLUSIONS The results of our study demonstrated that oncogene miR-187-5p is associated with cellular proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis and an increased risk of recurrence in bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuwei Li
- Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, PR China; Department of Urology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, PR China; The Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Institute of Urology of Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, PR China
| | - Canbin Lin
- Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, PR China; Department of Urology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, PR China; The Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Institute of Urology of Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, PR China
| | - Liwen Zhao
- Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, PR China; The Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Institute of Urology of Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, PR China
| | - Liang Zhou
- Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, PR China; The Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Institute of Urology of Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, PR China
| | - Xiang Pan
- Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, PR China; The Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Institute of Urology of Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, PR China
| | - Jing Quan
- Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, PR China; The Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Institute of Urology of Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, PR China
| | - Xiqi Peng
- Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, PR China; Department of Urology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, PR China; The Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Institute of Urology of Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, PR China
| | - Weiqing Li
- Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, PR China; Department of Urology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, PR China; The Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Institute of Urology of Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, PR China
| | - Hang Li
- Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, PR China
| | - Jinling Xu
- Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, PR China; The Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Institute of Urology of Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, PR China
| | - Weijie Xu
- Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, PR China; The Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Institute of Urology of Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, PR China
| | - Xin Guan
- Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, PR China; The Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Institute of Urology of Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, PR China
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, PR China.
| | - Yongqing Lai
- Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, PR China; The Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Institute of Urology of Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, PR China.
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19
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Murakami T, Yamamoto CM, Akino T, Tanaka H, Fukuzawa N, Suzuki H, Osawa T, Tsuji T, Seki T, Harada H. Bladder cancer detection by urinary extracellular vesicle mRNA analysis. Oncotarget 2018; 9:32810-32821. [PMID: 30214686 PMCID: PMC6132352 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Urinary extracellular vesicles (EV) could be promising biomarkers for urological diseases. In this retrospective feasibility study, we conducted biomarker screening for early stage bladder cancer using EV mRNA analysis. Methods Biomarker candidates were identified through RNA-seq analysis of urinary EV from patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (N=3), advanced urothelial cancer (N=3), no residual tumor after TURBT (N=2), and healthy and disease controls (N=4). Diagnostic performance was evaluated by RT-qPCR in a larger patient group including bladder cancer (N=173), renal pelvis and ureter cancer (N=33), no residual tumor and non-cancer disease control (N=36). Results Urinary EV SLC2A1, GPRC5A and KRT17 were overexpressed in pT1 and higher stage bladder cancer by 20.6-fold, 18.2-fold and 29.5-fold, respectively. These genes allowed detection of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (AUC: 0.56 to 0.64 for pTa, 0.62 to 0.80 for pTis, and 0.82 to 0.86 for pT1) as well as pT2 and higher muscle invasive bladder cancer (AUC: 0.72 to 0.90). Subgroup analysis indicated that these markers could be useful for the detection of cytology-negative/-suspicious and recurrent bladder cancers. Conclusion Three urinary EV mRNA were discovered to be elevated in bladder cancer. Urinary EV mRNA are promising biomarkers of urothelial cancer and worth further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Takahiro Osawa
- Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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20
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Allione A, Pardini B, Viberti C, Oderda M, Allasia M, Gontero P, Vineis P, Sacerdote C, Matullo G. The prognostic value of basal DNA damage level in peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients affected by bladder cancer. Urol Oncol 2018; 36:241.e15-241.e23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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21
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Arnold Egloff SA, Du L, Loomans HA, Starchenko A, Su PF, Ketova T, Knoll PB, Wang J, Haddad AQ, Fadare O, Cates JM, Lotan Y, Shyr Y, Clark PE, Zijlstra A. Shed urinary ALCAM is an independent prognostic biomarker of three-year overall survival after cystectomy in patients with bladder cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 8:722-741. [PMID: 27894096 PMCID: PMC5352192 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins involved in tumor cell migration can potentially serve as markers of invasive disease. Activated Leukocyte Cell Adhesion Molecule (ALCAM) promotes adhesion, while shedding of its extracellular domain is associated with migration. We hypothesized that shed ALCAM in biofluids could be predictive of progressive disease. ALCAM expression in tumor (n = 198) and shedding in biofluids (n = 120) were measured in two separate VUMC bladder cancer cystectomy cohorts by immunofluorescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. The primary outcome measure was accuracy of predicting 3-year overall survival (OS) with shed ALCAM compared to standard clinical indicators alone, assessed by multivariable Cox regression and concordance-indices. Validation was performed by internal bootstrap, a cohort from a second institution (n = 64), and treatment of missing data with multiple-imputation. While ALCAM mRNA expression was unchanged, histological detection of ALCAM decreased with increasing stage (P = 0.004). Importantly, urine ALCAM was elevated 17.0-fold (P < 0.0001) above non-cancer controls, correlated positively with tumor stage (P = 0.018), was an independent predictor of OS after adjusting for age, tumor stage, lymph-node status, and hematuria (HR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.03–2.06; P = 0.002), and improved prediction of OS by 3.3% (concordance-index, 78.5% vs. 75.2%). Urine ALCAM remained an independent predictor of OS after accounting for treatment with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin, carcinoma in situ, lymph-node dissection, lymphovascular invasion, urine creatinine, and adjuvant chemotherapy (HR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.02–1.19; P = 0.011). In conclusion, shed ALCAM may be a novel prognostic biomarker in bladder cancer, although prospective validation studies are warranted. These findings demonstrate that markers reporting on cell motility can act as prognostic indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanna A Arnold Egloff
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Liping Du
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Holli A Loomans
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alina Starchenko
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Pei-Fang Su
- Department of Statistics, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan
| | - Tatiana Ketova
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Jifeng Wang
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Urology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Ahmed Q Haddad
- Department of Urology, The University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Urology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Oluwole Fadare
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Justin M Cates
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yair Lotan
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yu Shyr
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt Ingram-Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Peter E Clark
- Vanderbilt Ingram-Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Andries Zijlstra
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt Ingram-Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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22
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Massari F, Di Nunno V, Comito F, Cubelli M, Ciccarese C, Iacovelli R, Fiorentino M, Montironi R, Ardizzoni A. Circulating tumor cells in genitourinary tumors. Ther Adv Urol 2018; 10:65-77. [PMID: 29434674 PMCID: PMC5805009 DOI: 10.1177/1756287217742564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Management of advanced urogenital malignancies has profoundly changed in recent years due to the development of novel targeted drugs that have significantly improved patient's clinical outcomes. This process has been made possible mainly thanks to better knowledge of tumor genetic alterations and molecular altered pathways. Despite these remarkable results, several issues such as early detection of the disease as well as the research into early markers of recurrence or disease progression still remain an open challenge for clinical research. The detection of circulating tumor cells and circulating DNA appears an attractive option since it is a minimally invasive approach potentially able to allow clinicians an accurate diagnosis and maybe lead to more customized treatment strategies. This review focuses on the current techniques adopted for the detection and isolation of circulating tumor cells in genitourinary tumors highlighting their present and possible future application in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Massari
- Division of Oncology, S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Via Albertoni n.15, Bologna, 40138, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Comito
- Division of Oncology, S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marta Cubelli
- Division of Oncology, S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Ciccarese
- Department of Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata (AOUI), Verona, Italy
| | - Roberto Iacovelli
- Department of Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata (AOUI), Verona, Italy
| | | | - Rodolfo Montironi
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, School of Medicine, United Hospitals, Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Ardizzoni
- Division of Oncology, S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
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23
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Gleichenhagen J, Arndt C, Casjens S, Meinig C, Gerullis H, Raiko I, Brüning T, Ecke T, Johnen G. Evaluation of a New Survivin ELISA and UBC ® Rapid for the Detection of Bladder Cancer in Urine. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010226. [PMID: 29324722 PMCID: PMC5796175 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Urine-based biomarkers for non-invasive diagnosis of bladder cancer are urgently needed. No single marker with sufficient sensitivity and specificity has been described so far. Thus, a combination of markers appears to be a promising approach. The aim of this case-control study was to evaluate the performance of an in-house developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for survivin, the UBC®Rapid test, and the combination of both assays. A total of 290 patients were recruited. Due to prior bladder cancer, 46 patients were excluded. Urine samples were available from 111 patients with bladder cancer and 133 clinical controls without urologic diseases. Antibodies generated from recombinant survivin were utilized to develop a sandwich ELISA. The ELISA and the UBC®Rapid test were applied to all urine samples. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate marker performance. The survivin ELISA exhibited a sensitivity of 35% with a specificity of 98%. The UBC®Rapid test showed a sensitivity of 56% and a specificity of 96%. Combination of both assays increased the sensitivity to 66% with a specificity of 95%. For high-grade tumors, the combination showed a sensitivity of 82% and a specificity of 95%. The new survivin ELISA and the UBC®Rapid test are both able to detect bladder cancer, especially high-grade tumors. However, the performance of each individual marker is moderate and efforts to improve the survivin assay should be pursued. A combination of both assays confirmed the benefit of using marker panels. The results need further testing in a prospective study and with a high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Gleichenhagen
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), 44789 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Christian Arndt
- Department of Urology, Lukaskrankenhaus Neuss, 41464 Neuss, Germany.
| | - Swaantje Casjens
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), 44789 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Carmen Meinig
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), 44789 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Holger Gerullis
- University Hospital for Urology, Klinikum Oldenburg, 26133 Oldenburg, Germany.
| | - Irina Raiko
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), 44789 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Thomas Brüning
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), 44789 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Thorsten Ecke
- Department of Urology, HELIOS Hospital, 15526 Bad Saarow, Germany.
| | - Georg Johnen
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), 44789 Bochum, Germany.
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24
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Soluble chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 16 (CXCL16) in urine as a novel biomarker candidate to identify high grade and muscle invasive urothelial carcinomas. Oncotarget 2017; 8:104946-104959. [PMID: 29285224 PMCID: PMC5739611 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Information on biomarkers of urothelial carcinomas (UC) for clinical decision-making is limited. Here, we newly identified and verified CXCL16 as a promising novel biomarker in urine for high grade and muscle invasive UC in a cross-sectional cohort of 308 UC patients, 126 urological hospital controls, and 50 population controls using antibody arrays and ELISA. Median CXCL16 levels in urine was significantly higher in UC patients (273.2 pg/mg creatinine) compared to hospital (148.1 pg/mg) and population controls (85.1 pg/mg) with a particular preference for high grade (460.8 pg/mg), muscle invasive (535.7 pg/mg) and primary UC (327.8 pg/mg) (all p<0.0001). Group differences were confirmed after adjusting or stratifying for potential clinical and individual characteristics, such as leukocyte counts, haematuria, age, gender, and smoking status. In contrast, CXCL16 showed less discriminating power in low grade (244.3 pg/mg), non-muscle invasive (≤pT1, 251.2 pg/mg) and recurrent UC (203.9 pg/mg). In agreement with its function in immune defence, expression of CXCL16 in tissue samples of primary UC patients (n=53) showed only a weak or no immunoreactivity compared to urological hospital controls (n=32). Expression of CXCR6, the G-protein-coupled receptor of CXCL16, remained unchanged. Our findings suggest that evading the immune defence by shedding cell-surface CXCL16 and its increased elimination in urine is a molecular feature of high grade and muscle invasive UC. Therefore, urinary CXCL16 may serve as a useful, simple and non-invasive tool to identify high-risk UC with increased risk of progression at the molecular level.
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25
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Szymańska B, Sawicka E, Guzik A, Zdrojowy R, Długosz A. The Diagnostic Value of Nuclear Matrix Proteins in Bladder Cancer in the Aspect of Environmental Risk from Carcinogens. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:9643139. [PMID: 28929116 PMCID: PMC5591903 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9643139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interaction of environmental factors with genetic susceptibility and detoxification level seems to be an important causative factor in bladder cancer (BC). The aim of this study was to look for a BC marker panel which reflects the environmental risk. The nuclear matrix protein 22 (NMP22), bladder cancer-4 (BLCA-4), and total level proteins NMP22 and BLCA-4 (NMBL) in BC patients with genetic predisposition NAT2 (classified as slow acetylators, SA), DNA damage (8-OHdG), and detoxification by isoenzyme GSTπ activity were measured. MATERIALS AND METHODS The urine and blood from 91 BC patients and controls were examined, also according to tumor stage (T) and grade (G). The participants completed a questionnaire in order to evaluate environmental risk. RESULTS Most patients (75.3%) were previous or actual smokers. The levels of 8-OHdG, NMP22, BLCA-4, NMBL, and GSTπ were significantly higher in BC (p ≤ 0.001). The majority of patients (59.3%) were slow acetylators (SA). The highest BLCA-4/8-OHdG correlation was observed in total BC and SA smokers. CONCLUSIONS The total pool of nuclear matrix proteins in the urine (NMBL) has a higher diagnostic value in bladder cancer than single proteins. The particular value of BLCA-4 and GSTπ in the aspect of environmental risk was noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Szymańska
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Ewa Sawicka
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Guzik
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Romuald Zdrojowy
- Department of Urology and Urological Oncology, Wrocław University Hospital, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Długosz
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
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26
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Shi HB, Yu JX, Yu JX, Feng Z, Zhang C, Li GY, Zhao RN, Yang XB. Diagnostic significance of microRNAs as novel biomarkers for bladder cancer: a meta-analysis of ten articles. World J Surg Oncol 2017; 15:147. [PMID: 28774300 PMCID: PMC5543742 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-017-1201-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have revealed the importance of microRNAs' (miRNAs) function as biomarkers in diagnosing human bladder cancer (BC). However, the results are discordant. Consequently, the possibility of miRNAs to be BC biomarkers was summarized in this meta-analysis. METHODS In this study, the relevant articles were systematically searched from CBM, PubMed, EMBASE, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). The bivariate model was used to calculate the pooled diagnostic parameters and summary receiver operator characteristic (SROC) curve in this meta-analysis, thereby estimating the whole predictive performance. STATA software was used during the whole analysis. RESULTS Thirty-one studies from 10 articles, including 1556 cases and 1347 controls, were explored in this meta-analysis. In short, the pooled sensitivity, area under the SROC curve, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, diagnostic odds ratio, and negative likelihood ratio were 0.72 (95%CI 0.66-0.76), 0.80 (0.77-0.84), 0.76 (0.71-0.81), 3.0 (2.4-3.8), 8 (5.0-12.0), and 0.37 (0.30-0.46) respectively. Additionally, sub-group and meta-regression analyses revealed that there were significant differences between ethnicity, miRNA profiling, and specimen sub-groups. These results suggested that Asian population-based studies, multiple-miRNA profiling, and blood-based assays might yield a higher diagnostic accuracy than their counterparts. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis demonstrated that miRNAs, particularly multiple miRNAs in the blood, might be novel, useful biomarkers with relatively high sensitivity and specificity and can be used for the diagnosis of BC. However, further prospective studies with more samples should be performed for further validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Bin Shi
- Department of Urology, Ningxia People's Hospital, No. 301 North Zhengyuan Street, Jinfeng District, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China
| | - Jia-Xing Yu
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Jian-Xiu Yu
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Zheng Feng
- Department of Urology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Urology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Guang-Yong Li
- Department of Urology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Rui-Ning Zhao
- Department of Urology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Yang
- Department of Urology, Ningxia People's Hospital, No. 301 North Zhengyuan Street, Jinfeng District, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China.
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Spectrophotometric photodynamic detection involving extracorporeal treatment with hexaminolevulinate for bladder cancer cells in voided urine. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2017; 143:2309-2316. [PMID: 28726046 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-017-2476-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the feasibility of hexaminolevulinate (HAL) for the photodynamic detection of cancer cells in voided urine. METHODS This study included 50 patients with bladder cancer that was confirmed histologically after transurethral resection (bladder cancer group) and 50 outpatients without a history of urothelial carcinoma or cancer-related findings (no malignancy group). One third of the voided urine samples were incubated with aminolevulinic acid (ALA-treated samples), one third were incubated with HAL (HAL-treated samples), and the remaining samples were incubated without treatment (untreated samples). For detecting cellular protoporphyrin IX levels, the intensity of the samples at the excitation wavelength of 405 nm was measured using a spectrophotometer. The difference between the intensity of the ALA-treated or HAL-treated samples and the untreated samples at 635 nm was calculated. RESULTS HAL-induced fluorescence cytology (HFC) showed that the difference was significantly higher in patients with high-grade tumors than in those with low-grade tumors (p = 0.0003) and the difference was significantly higher in patients with low-grade tumors than in those without a history of urothelial carcinoma or cancer-related findings (p = 0.021). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves of ALA-induced fluorescence cytology (AFC) and HFC were 0.77 and 0.81, respectively. The AUC of HFC was significantly higher than that of AFC (p < 0.0001). The overall sensitivity values for conventional cytology, AFC, and HFC were 49, 74, and 74%, respectively. The overall specificity values for AFC and HFC were 70 and 94%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Spectrophotometric photodynamic detection involving extracorporeal treatment with HAL for bladder cancer cells in voided urine showed high accuracy. This bladder cancer detection method is easy and cost-effective, and has the potential for clinical use.
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Yasar O, Akcay T, Obek C, Turegun FA. Significance of S100A8, S100A9 and calprotectin levels in bladder cancer. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2017; 77:437-441. [DOI: 10.1080/00365513.2017.1336567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O. Yasar
- Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - T. Akcay
- Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - C. Obek
- Department of Urology, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - F. A. Turegun
- Department of Urology, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
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Kirches E. MtDNA As a Cancer Marker: A Finally Closed Chapter? Curr Genomics 2017; 18:255-267. [PMID: 28659721 PMCID: PMC5476953 DOI: 10.2174/1389202918666170105093635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Sequence alterations of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have been identified in many tu-mor types. Their nature is not entirely clear. Somatic mutation or shifts of heteroplasmic mtDNA vari-ants may play a role. These sequence alterations exhibit a sufficient frequency in all tumor types investi-gated thus far to justify their use as a tumor marker. This statement is supported by the high copy num-ber of mtDNA, which facilitates the detection of aberrant tumor-derived DNA in bodily fluids. This will be of special interest in tumors, which release a relatively high number of cells into bodily fluids, which are easily accessible, most strikingly in urinary bladder carcinoma. Due to the wide distribution of the observed base substitutions, deletions or insertions within the mitochondrial genome, high efforts for whole mtDNA sequencing (16.5 kb) from bodily fluids would be required, if the method would be in-tended for initial tumor screening. However, the usage of mtDNA for sensitive surveillance of known tumor diseases is a meaningful option, which may allow an improved non-invasive follow-up for the urinary bladder carcinoma, as compared to the currently existing cytological or molecular methods. Fol-lowing a short general introduction into mtDNA, this review demonstrates that the scenario of a sensi-tive cancer follow-up by mtDNA-analysis deserves more attention. It would be most important to inves-tigate precisely in the most relevant tumor types, if sequencing approaches in combination with simple PCR-assays for deletions/insertions in homopolymeric tracts has sufficient sensitivity to find most tu-mor-derived mtDNAs in bodily fluids.
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Vu Van D, Heberling U, Wirth MP, Fuessel S. Validation of the diagnostic utility of urinary midkine for the detection of bladder cancer. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:3143-3152. [PMID: 27899974 PMCID: PMC5103912 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As it has been demonstrated previously that midkine (also known as neurite growth-promoting factor 2) protein levels in urine of bladder cancer (BCa) patients are increased compared to healthy controls, the present study validated the diagnostic utility of midkine in an independent patient cohort and compared the observed values with voided urine cytology (VUC), which is the current reference standard for non-invasive diagnosis of BCa. Voided urine samples were prospectively collected from 92 BCa patients and 70 control subjects. Protein levels of midkine were assessed using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and normalized to urinary creatinine. The diagnostic performance of urinary midkine was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curves. The best combinations of sensitivities and specificities were determined by Youden's Index. Midkine concentrations were significantly elevated in urine samples from BCa patients compared to controls (P<0.001; Mann-Whitney U Test). The level of midkine was associated with disease progression, with the highest concentrations in urine specimens of patients with pT1 and ≥pT2a, as well as high-grade tumors (P<0.001; Mann-Whitney U test). Sensitivities of urinary midkine and VUC were 69.7 and 87.6%, respectively. The corresponding specificities for midkine and VUC were 77.9 and 87.7%, respectively. The combined use of VUC and midkine improved the sensitivity to 93.3%, but reduced the specificity to 66.2%. Despite its reduced discriminatory power for low-grade and low-stage BCa, urinary midkine can be utilized for the identification of high-grade pT1 and ≥pT2a tumors. This means that midkine may potentially be suitable for the identification of patients with high risk BCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Vu Van
- Department of Urology, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ulrike Heberling
- Department of Urology, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Manfred P Wirth
- Department of Urology, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Susanne Fuessel
- Department of Urology, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
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31
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Diagnostic potential of YKL-40 in bladder cancer. Urol Oncol 2016; 34:257.e19-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Grivas PD, Melas M, Papavassiliou AG. The biological complexity of urothelial carcinoma: Insights into carcinogenesis, targets and biomarkers of response to therapeutic approaches. Semin Cancer Biol 2015; 35:125-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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The promise of novel molecular markers in bladder cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:23897-908. [PMID: 25535079 PMCID: PMC4284796 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151223897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is the fourth most common malignancy in the US and is associated with the highest cost per patient. A high likelihood of recurrence, mandating stringent surveillance protocols, has made the development of urinary markers a focus of intense pursuit with the hope of decreasing the burden this disease places on patients and the healthcare system. To date, routine use of markers is not recommended for screening or diagnosis. Interests include the development of a single urinary marker that can be used in place of or as an adjunct to current screening and surveillance techniques, as well identifying a molecular signature for an individual’s disease that can help predict progression, prognosis, and potential therapeutic response. Markers have shown potential value in improving diagnostic accuracy when used as an adjunct to current modalities, risk-stratification of patients that could aid the clinician in determining aggressiveness of surveillance, and allowing for a decrease in invasive surveillance procedures. This review discusses the current understanding of emerging biomarkers, including miRNAs, gene signatures and detection of circulating tumor cells in the blood, and their potential clinical value in bladder cancer diagnosis, as prognostic indicators, and surveillance tools, as well as limitations to their incorporation into medical practice.
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Eissa S, Shawky SM, Matboli M, Mohamed S, Azzazy HME. Direct detection of unamplified hepatoma upregulated protein RNA in urine using gold nanoparticles for bladder cancer diagnosis. Clin Biochem 2013; 47:104-10. [PMID: 24183881 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2013.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Revised: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop a gold nanoparticle (AuNP) assay for direct detection of unamplified HURP RNA in urine. DESIGN AND METHODS HURP RNA was extracted from urine samples (50 bladder carcinoma patients, 25 benign bladder lesions, and 25 controls) and further purified using magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), functionalized with HURP RNA-specific oligonucleotides, and then detected by RT-PCR or gold nanoparticles. RESULTS The developed HURP RNA AuNP assay has a sensitivity and a specificity of 88.5% and 94%, respectively, and a detection limit of 2.4 nmol/L. The concordance between the HURP AuNP assay with RT-PCR after RNA purification using functionalized MNPs was 97%. CONCLUSIONS The developed colorimetric HURP RNA AuNP assay is sensitive, simple, and can aid noninvasive diagnosis of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaa Eissa
- Oncology Diagnostic Unit, Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo 11381, Egypt
| | - Sherif M Shawky
- Youssef Jameel Science & Technology Research Center, The American University in Cairo, P.O. Box 74, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Marwa Matboli
- Oncology Diagnostic Unit, Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo 11381, Egypt
| | - Shaymaa Mohamed
- Oncology Diagnostic Unit, Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo 11381, Egypt
| | - Hassan M E Azzazy
- Youssef Jameel Science & Technology Research Center, The American University in Cairo, P.O. Box 74, New Cairo 11835, Egypt; Department of Chemistry, The American University in Cairo, P.O. Box 74, New Cairo 11835, Egypt.
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