1
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Jiao Y, Zhu Y, Zeng S, Wang S, Chen J, Zhou X, Ma G. Characterization of a novel marine microbial uricase from Priestia flexa and evaluation of the effects of CMCS conjugation on its enzymatic properties. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2022:1-11. [PMID: 36398928 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2022.2145611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A novel uricase producing marine bacterium Priestia flexa alkaAU was isolated and identified. The 16S rDNA and the uricase coding gene were sequenced, analyzed and submitted to GenBank. The uricase from Priestia flexa alkaAU (PFU) was purified, determined to be 58.87 kDa, and conjugated with carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) by ionic gelation. CMCS conjugation had no effect on the optimum pH of PFU but decreased the optimum temperature by 10 °C. CMCS conjugation increased the specific activity of PFU by 53% at the human body temperature (37 °C) and small intestine's pH (pH 6.8). Uricase thermostabilizing ability of CMCS was significant in the range of 37-80 °C but not at lower temperatures. For improvement of the pH stability of PFU, CMCS was more effective at pHs 3-5 than pHs 6-11. CMCS increased the half-life of PFU against artificial intestinal fluid by 1.5 folds, which demonstrated the potential capability of CMCS-PFU for oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- YuLiang Jiao
- School of Marine Sciences and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - YuYing Zhu
- School of Marine Sciences and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - ShuMin Zeng
- School of Marine Sciences and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - ShuFang Wang
- School of Marine Sciences and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Chen
- School of Marine Sciences and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - XiangHong Zhou
- School of Marine Sciences and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - GuiZhen Ma
- School of Marine Sciences and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
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2
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Pugin B, Plüss S, Mujezinovic D, Nielsen RC, Lacroix C. Optimized UV-Spectrophotometric Assay to Screen Bacterial Uricase Activity Using Whole Cell Suspension. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:853735. [PMID: 35495677 PMCID: PMC9043897 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.853735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Uricase catalyzes the conversion of uric acid into allantoin with concomitant reduction of molecular oxygen to hydrogen peroxide. In humans, uricase is not functional, thereby predisposing individuals to hyperuricemia, a metabolic disturbance associated with gout, chronic kidney disorders, and cardiovascular diseases. The efficacy of current therapies to treat hyperuricemia is limited, and novel approaches are therefore desired, for instance using uricase-expressing probiotic strains. Here, we evaluated UV-spectrophotometric and H2O2-based fluorescent assays to enable the rapid identification of uricase activity in a broad panel of lactobacilli, Bacillus, and Bifidobacterium species. We highlighted abiotic (medium composition and mode of sterilization) and biotic (H2O2-producing strains) factors impacting the measurements' accuracy, and reported on the stepwise optimization of a simple, fast, and robust high-throughput UV-spectrophotometric method to screen uricase activity using whole bacterial suspension, thereby assessing both cell-associated and extracellular activity. The validity of the optimized assay, based on the monitoring of uric acid degradation at 300 nm, was confirmed via liquid chromatography. Finally, a panel of 319 Qualified Presumption of Safety (QPS) strains of lactobacilli (18 species covering nine genera), Bacillus (three species), and Bifidobacterium (four species) were screened for uricase activity using the optimized method. All 319 strains, but the positive control Bacillus sp. DSM 1306, were uricase-negative, indicating that this activity is rare among these genera, especially in isolates from food or feces. Altogether, the UV-spectrophotometric high-throughput assay based on whole bacterial suspension reported here can be used to rapidly screen large microbial collections, by simultaneously detecting cell-associated and extracellular uricase activity, thereby accelerating the identification of uricolytic strains with therapeutic potential to treat hyperuricemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Pugin
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Serafina Plüss
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Denisa Mujezinovic
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Christophe Lacroix
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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3
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Characterization and Cys-directed mutagenesis of urate oxidase from Bacillus subtilis BS04. Biologia (Bratisl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-021-00941-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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4
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Hu X, Wang Y, Liu C, Jin Z, Tian Y. Dextrin-uricase conjugate: Preparation, characterization, and enzymatic properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 111:28-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.12.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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5
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Wei D, Huang X, Qiao Y, Rao J, Wang L, Liao F, Zhan CG. Catalytic Mechanisms for Cofactor-Free Oxidase-Catalyzed Reactions: Reaction Pathways of Uricase-Catalyzed Oxidation and Hydration of Uric Acid. ACS Catal 2017; 7:4623-4636. [PMID: 28890842 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b00901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
First-principles quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM)-free energy calculations have been performed to uncover how uricase catalyzes metabolic reactions of uric acid (UA), demonstrating that the entire reaction process of UA in uricase consists of two stages-oxidation followed by hydration. The oxidation consists of four steps: (1) chemical transformation from 8-hydroxyxythine to an anionic radical via a proton transfer along with an electron transfer, which is different from the previously proposed electron-transfer mechanism that involves a dianion intermediate (UA2-) during the catalytic reaction process; (2) proton transfer to the O2- anion (radical); (3) diradical recombination to form a peroxo intermediate; (4) dissociation of H2O2 to generate the dehydrourate. Hydration, for the most favorable pathway, is initiated by the nucleophilic attack of a water molecule on dehydrourate, along with a concerted proton transfer through residue Thr69 in the catalytic site. According to the calculated free energy profile, the hydration is the rate-determining step, and the corresponding free energy barrier of 16.2 kcal/mol is consistent with that derived from experimental kinetic data, suggesting that the computational insights into the catalytic mechanisms are reasonable. The mechanistic insights not only provide a mechanistic base for future rational design of uricase mutants with improved catalytic activity against uric acid as an improved enzyme therapy, but also are valuable for understanding a variety of other cofactor-free oxidase-catalyzed reactions involving an oxygen molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghui Wei
- College
of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. China
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States,
| | - Xiaoqin Huang
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States,
- Center
for Theoretical Biological Physics, and Center for Research Computing, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77030, United States,
| | - Yan Qiao
- College
of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. China
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States,
| | - Jingjing Rao
- Key
Laboratory of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics of the Education Ministry,
College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, No.1, Yixueyuan Road, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics of the Education Ministry,
College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, No.1, Yixueyuan Road, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Fei Liao
- Key
Laboratory of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics of the Education Ministry,
College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, No.1, Yixueyuan Road, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Chang-Guo Zhan
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States,
- Molecular
Modeling and Biopharmaceutical Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
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6
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Wu J, Lu S, Zheng Z, Zhu L, Zhan X. Modification with polysialic acid–PEG copolymer as a new method for improving the therapeutic efficacy of proteins. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 46:788-797. [DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2015.1135463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianrong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Shaozeng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhiyong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaobei Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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7
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Feng T, Yang X, Wang D, Hu X, Liao J, Pu J, Zhao X, Zhan CG, Liao F. A Practical System for High-Throughput Screening of Mutants of Bacillus fastidiosus Uricase. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 181:667-681. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2240-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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8
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Abstract
To remove circulating harmful small biochemical(s)/substrates causing/deteriorating certain chronic disease, therapeutic enzyme(s) delivered via vein injection/infusion suffer(s) from immunoresponse after repeated administration at proper intervals for a long time and short half-lives since delivery. Accordingly, a novel, generally-applicable extracorporeal delivery of a therapeutic enzyme is proposed, by refitting a conventional hemodialysis device bearing a dialyzer, two pumps and connecting tubes, to build a routine extracorporeal blood circuit but a minimal dialysate circuit closed to circulate the therapeutic enzyme in dialysate. A special quantitative index was derived to reflect pharmacological action and thus pharmacodynamics of the delivered enzyme. With hyperuricemic blood in vitro and hyperuricemic geese, a native uricase via extracorporeal delivery was active in the dialysate for periods much longer than that in vivo through vein injection, and exhibited the expected pharmacodynamics to remove uric acid in hyperuricemic blood in vitro and multiple forms of uric acid in hyperuricemic geese. Therefore, the extracorporeal delivery approach of therapeutic enzymes was effective to remove unwanted circulating small biochemical(s)/substrates, and was expected to avoid immunogenicity problems of therapeutic enzymes after repeated administration at proper intervals for a long time due to no contacts with macromolecules and cells in the body.
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9
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Nanda P, P.E. J, Raju JR. Production and Optimization of Site-Specific monoPEGylated Uricase Conjugates Using mPEG-Maleimide Through RP–HPLC Methodology. J Pharm Innov 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-016-9251-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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10
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Nanda P, JagadeeshBabu PE. Studies on the Site-specific PEGylation Induced Interferences Instigated in Uricase Quantification Using the Bradford Method. Int J Pept Res Ther 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-016-9518-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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Crystal structure of Bacillus fastidious uricase reveals an unexpected folding of the C-terminus residues crucial for thermostability under physiological conditions. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:7973-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6520-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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12
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Hibi T, Hayashi Y, Fukada H, Itoh T, Nago T, Nishiya Y. Intersubunit Salt Bridges with a Sulfate Anion Control Subunit Dissociation and Thermal Stabilization of Bacillus sp. TB-90 Urate Oxidase. Biochemistry 2014; 53:3879-888. [DOI: 10.1021/bi500137b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takao Hibi
- Department
of Bioscience, Fukui Prefectural University, Eiheiji City, Yoshida District, Fukui 910-1195, Japan
| | - Yuta Hayashi
- Department
of Bioscience, Fukui Prefectural University, Eiheiji City, Yoshida District, Fukui 910-1195, Japan
| | - Harumi Fukada
- Graduate
School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Takafumi Itoh
- Department
of Bioscience, Fukui Prefectural University, Eiheiji City, Yoshida District, Fukui 910-1195, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Nago
- Department
of Bioscience, Fukui Prefectural University, Eiheiji City, Yoshida District, Fukui 910-1195, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Nishiya
- Tsuruga
Institute of Biotechnology, Toyobo Company Ltd., Tsuruga, Fukui 914-0047, Japan
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13
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Selective and sensitive homogenous assay of serum albumin with 1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulphonate as a biosensor. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 829:60-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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14
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Huang Y, Chen Y, Yang X, Zhao H, Hu X, Pu J, Liao J, Long G, Liao F. Optimization of pH values to formulate the bireagent kit for serum uric acid assay. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2014; 62:137-44. [PMID: 24673428 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A new formulation of the bireagent kit for serum uric acid assay was developed based on the effects of pH on enzyme stability. At 4 °C, half-lives of uricases from Bacillus fastidious and Arthrobacter globiforms were longer than 15 months at pH 9.2, but became shorter at pH below 8.0; half-lives of ascorbate oxidase and peroxidase were comparable at pH 6.5 and 7.0, but became much shorter at pH higher than 7.4. In the new formulation of the bireagent kit, Reagent A contained peroxidase, 4-aminoantipyrine, and ascorbate oxidase in 50 mM phosphate buffer at pH 6.5; Reagent B contained B. fastidious or A. globiforms uricase in 50 mM sodium borate buffer at pH 9.2; Reagents A and B were mixed at 4:1 to produce a final pH from 7.2 to 7.6 for developing a stable color. The new bireagent kit consumed smaller quantities of three enzymes for the same shelf life. With the new bireagent kit, there were linear responses of absorbance at 546 nm to uric acid up to 34 mM in reaction mixtures and a good correlation of uric acid levels in clinical sera with those by a commercial kit, but stronger resistance to ascorbate. Therefore, the new formulation was advantageous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Huang
- Unit for Analytical Probes and Protein Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics of the Education Ministry, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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15
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Zhang C, Yang X, Gao A, Hu X, Pu J, Liu H, Feng J, Liao J, Li Y, Liao F. Comparison of modification of a bacterial uricase withN-hydroxysuccinimide esters of succinate and carbonate of monomethoxyl poly(ethylene glycol). Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2014; 61:683-90. [DOI: 10.1002/bab.1215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun Zhang
- Unit for Analytical Probes and Protein Biotechnology; Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics of the Education Ministry; College of Laboratory Medicine; Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolan Yang
- Unit for Analytical Probes and Protein Biotechnology; Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics of the Education Ministry; College of Laboratory Medicine; Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing People's Republic of China
| | - Ang Gao
- Unit for Analytical Probes and Protein Biotechnology; Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics of the Education Ministry; College of Laboratory Medicine; Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolei Hu
- Unit for Analytical Probes and Protein Biotechnology; Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics of the Education Ministry; College of Laboratory Medicine; Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Pu
- Unit for Analytical Probes and Protein Biotechnology; Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics of the Education Ministry; College of Laboratory Medicine; Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- Unit for Analytical Probes and Protein Biotechnology; Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics of the Education Ministry; College of Laboratory Medicine; Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Feng
- Unit for Analytical Probes and Protein Biotechnology; Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics of the Education Ministry; College of Laboratory Medicine; Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Liao
- Unit for Analytical Probes and Protein Biotechnology; Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics of the Education Ministry; College of Laboratory Medicine; Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanli Li
- Unit for Analytical Probes and Protein Biotechnology; Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics of the Education Ministry; College of Laboratory Medicine; Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Liao
- Unit for Analytical Probes and Protein Biotechnology; Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics of the Education Ministry; College of Laboratory Medicine; Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing People's Republic of China
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16
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Feng J, Liu H, Yang X, Gao A, Liao J, Feng L, Pu J, Xie Y, Long G, Li Y, Liao F. Comparison of activity indexes for recognizing enzyme mutants of higher activity with uricase as model. Chem Cent J 2013; 7:69. [PMID: 23594729 PMCID: PMC3637054 DOI: 10.1186/1752-153x-7-69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background For screening a library of enzyme mutants, an efficient and cost-effective method for reliable assay of enzyme activity and a decision method for safe recognition of mutants of higher activity are needed. The comparison of activity concentrations of mutants in lysates of transformed Escherichia coli cells against a threshold is unsafe to recognize mutants of higher activity due to variations of both expression levels of mutant proteins and lysis efficiency of transformed cells. Hence, by a spectrophotometric method after verification to measure uricase activity, specific activity calculated from the level of total proteins in a lysate was tested for recognizing a mutant of higher activity. Results During uricase reaction, the intermediate 5-hydroxyisourate interferes with the assay of uric acid absorbance, but the measurement of absorbance at 293 nm in alkaline borate buffer was reliable for measuring uricase initial rates within a reasonable range. The level of total proteins in a lysate was determined by the Bradford assay. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis supported different relative abundance of uricase mutant proteins in their lysates; activity concentrations of uricase in such lysates positively correlated with levels of total proteins. Receiver-operation-curve analysis of activity concentration or specific activity yielded area-under-the-curve close to 1.00 for recognizing a mutant with > 200% improvement of activity. For a mutant with just about 80% improvement of activity, receiver-operation-curve analysis of specific activity gave area-under-the-curve close to 1.00 while the analysis of activity concentration gave smaller area-under-the-curve. With the mean plus 1.4-fold of the standard deviation of specific activity of a starting material as the threshold, uricase mutants whose activities were improved by more than 80% were recognized with higher sensitivity and specificity. Conclusion Specific activity calculated from the level of total proteins is a favorable index for recognizing an enzyme mutant with small improvement of activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Feng
- Unit for Analytical Probes and Protein Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics of the Education Ministry, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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17
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Caves MS, Derham BK, Jezek J, Freedman RB. Thermal inactivation of uricase (urate oxidase): mechanism and effects of additives. Biochemistry 2013; 52:497-507. [PMID: 23237426 DOI: 10.1021/bi301334w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Uricase (Urc) is an oxidoreductase enzyme of both general and commercial interest, the former because of its lack of a cofactor and the latter because of its use in the treatment of hyperuricemic disorders. Results of fluorometry and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy indicate that the main phase of thermal Urc inactivation follows an irreversible two-state mechanism, with loss of ~20% of the helical structure, loss of the majority of the tertiary structure, and partial exposure of tryptophan residues to solution being approximately concurrent with activity loss. Results of size exclusion chromatography and 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonate binding studies confirm that this process results in the formation of aggregated molten globules. In addition to this process, CD studies indicate the presence of a rapid reversible denaturation phase that is not completely coupled to the main phase. Urc inactivation is inhibited by the presence of glycerol and trimethylamine oxide, stabilizers of hydrophobic interactions and backbone structure respectively, confirming that loss of hydrophobic bonding and loss of helical structure are key events in the loss of Urc activity. NaCl, however, destabilizes the enzyme at elevated temperature, emphasizing the importance of ionic interactions to Urc stability. A model is developed in which interfacial disruption, involving local loss of hydrophobic interactions, ionic bonds, and helical structure, leads to Urc inactivation and aggregation. Additional studies of Urc inactivation at a more ambient temperature indicate that the inactivation process followed under such conditions is different from that followed at higher temperatures, highlighting the limitations of high-temperature enzyme stability studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Caves
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
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18
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Site-Specific PEGylation of Therapeutic Proteins via Optimization of Both Accessible Reactive Amino Acid Residues and PEG Derivatives. BioDrugs 2012; 26:209-15. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03261880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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19
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Gao A, Yang X, Zhang C, Long G, Pu J, Yuan Y, Liu H, Li Y, Liao F. Facile spectrophotometric assay of molar equivalents of N-hydroxysuccinimide esters of monomethoxyl poly-(ethylene glycol) derivatives. Chem Cent J 2012. [PMID: 23176729 PMCID: PMC3542108 DOI: 10.1186/1752-153x-6-142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A new method is developed to quantify molar equivalents of
N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) esters of derivatives of monomethoxyl
poly-(ethylene glycol) (mPEG) in their preparations with NHS acetate ester
as the reference. Results NHS ester of succinic monoester or carbonate of mPEG of 5,000 Da was
synthesized and reacted with excessive ethanolamine in dimethylformamide at
25°C for 15 min. Residual ethanolamine was subsequently quantified by
absorbance at 420 nm after reaction with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid
(TNBS) at pH 9.2 for 15 min at 55°C followed by cooling with tap water.
Reaction products of ethanolamine and NHS esters of mPEG caused no
interference with TNBS assay of residual ethanolamine. Reaction between
ethanolamine and NHS acetate ester follows 1:1 stoichiometry. By the new
method, molar equivalents of NHS esters of carbonate and succinic monoester
of mPEG in their preparations were about 90% and 60% of their
theoretical values, respectively. During storage at 37°C in humid air,
the new method detected spontaneous hydrolyses of the two NHS esters of mPEG
more sensitively than the classical spectrophotometric method based on
absorbance at 260 nm of NHS released by reaction with ammonia in aqueous
solution. Conclusion The new method is favorable to quantify molar equivalents of NHS esters of
mPEG derivatives and thus control quality of their preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Gao
- Unit for Analytical Probes and Protein Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics of the Education Ministry of China, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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20
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Tan Q, Zhang J, Wang N, Li X, Xiong H, Teng Y, He D, Wu J, Zhao C, Yin H, Zhang L. Uricase from Bacillus fastidious loaded in alkaline enzymosomes: Enhanced biochemical and pharmacological characteristics in hypouricemic rats. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2012; 82:43-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2012.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Revised: 06/02/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Zhang C, Yang XL, Yuan YH, Pu J, Liao F. Site-specific PEGylation of therapeutic proteins via optimization of both accessible reactive amino acid residues and PEG derivatives. BioDrugs 2012. [PMID: 22721556 DOI: 10.2165/11633350-000000000-00000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Modification of accessible amino acid residues with poly(ethylene glycol) [PEG] is a widely used technique for formulating therapeutic proteins. In practice, site-specific PEGylation of all selected/engineered accessible nonessential reactive residues of therapeutic proteins with common activated PEG derivatives is a promising strategy to concomitantly improve pharmacokinetics, allow retention of activity, alleviate immunogenicity, and avoid modification isomers. Specifically, through molecular engineering of a therapeutic protein, accessible essential residues reactive to an activated PEG derivative are substituted with unreactive residues provided that protein activity is retained, and a limited number of accessible nonessential reactive residues with optimized distributions are selected/introduced. Subsequently, all accessible nonessential reactive residues are completely PEGylated with the activated PEG derivative in great excess. Branched PEG derivatives containing new PEG chains with negligible metabolic toxicity are more desirable for site-specific PEGylation. Accordingly, for the successful formulation of therapeutic proteins, optimization of the number and distributions of accessible nonessential reactive residues via molecular engineering can be integrated with the design of large-sized PEG derivatives to achieve site-specific PEGylation of all selected/engineered accessible reactive residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Zhang
- Unit for Analytical Probes and Protein Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics of the Education Ministry, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, China
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Tan QY, Zhang JQ, Wang N, Yang H, Li X, Xiong HR, Wu JY, Zhao CJ, Wang H, Yin HF. Improved biological properties and hypouricemic effects of uricase from Candida utilis loaded in novel alkaline enzymosomes. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:3929-38. [PMID: 22915844 PMCID: PMC3418170 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s33835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Previous studies on various enzymosomes (functional lipid vesicles encapsulating an enzyme) have been mostly carried out in vitro and have focused on preserving catalytic activity and improving the stability of the enzyme. Until now, few studies have focused on their in vivo fate. Similarly, although we have previously reported the increased in vitro uricolytic activity (about 2.2 times higher than that of free uricase, or three times higher than that of PEGylated uricase, Puricase®, under physiological pH and temperature) and improved stability of the novel alkaline enzymosomes (functional lipid vesicles encapsulating uricase from Candida utilis: uricase-containing lipid vesicles, UOXLVs), it is still necessary to study the biological properties and hypouricemic effects of UOXLVs in vivo. Methods: The enzyme kinetics, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, immunogenicity, and preliminary safety of UOXLVs were evaluated. Results: The Michaelis constant (Km) value of the UOXLVs was slightly lower than that of the free enzyme. The enzyme release from the UOXLVs lasted over 12 hours and their circulation half-life was about sevenfold longer than that of the free uricase. Meanwhile, the UOXLVs had a 22-fold increase in the area under the curve compared with the free uricase. Furthermore, it took less than 3 hours for the UOXLVs to lower the plasma uric acid concentration from a high to a normal level, compared with 6 hours for the free uricase. In addition, the UOXLVs had much less immunogenicity than free uricase and were well tolerated by all animals throughout the observation period. Conclusion: The UOXLVs markedly improved the biological properties and enhanced the hypouricemic effects of uricase in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun-You Tan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
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Yang X, Yuan Y, Zhan CG, Liao F. Uricases as therapeutic agents to treat refractory gout: Current states and future directions. Drug Dev Res 2011; 73:66-72. [PMID: 22665944 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.20493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of refractory gout remains a challenge on drug development. While pegloticase, a recombinant mammalian uricase modified with monomethoxyl-poly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG) is effective in treating refractory gout, after continued treatment for three months biweekly at a therapeutic dose of 0.14 mg/kg body weight, it elicits an immune response against mPEG in nearly 20% of patients. For continued treatment of refractory gout PEGylated uricases at monthly therapeutic doses below 4 μg/kg body weight have promise. To formulate uricases to achieve monthly therapeutic regimens requires pharmacodynamics simulation and experimentation including: (a) molecular engineering of uricases based on rational design and evolution biotechnology in combination to improve their inherent catalytic efficiency, thermostability and selectivity for urate over xanthine and; (b) optimization of the number and distribution of accessible reactive amino acid residues in native uricases for site-specific PEGylation with PEG derivatives with lower of immunogenicity than mPEG to retain activity, minimize immunogenicity and enhance the pharmacokinetics of the PEGylated uricase. These issues are briefly reviewed as a means to stimulate the development of safer uricase formulations for continued treatment of refractory gout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Yang
- Unit for Analytical Probes and Protein Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Medical Laboratory Diagnosis of the Education Ministry of China, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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A new practical system for evaluating the pharmacological properties of uricase as a potential drug for hyperuricemia. Arch Pharm Res 2010; 33:1761-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-010-1108-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2009] [Revised: 05/05/2010] [Accepted: 05/06/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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