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Duan H, Song W, Zhao J, Yan W. Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs): Sources, Digestion, Absorption, Application and Their Potential Adjunctive Effects on Visual Fatigue. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112633. [PMID: 37299596 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
When the eyes are exposed to the environment, they are easily affected by strong light stimulation and harmful substances. At the same time, prolonged use of the eyes or incorrect eye habits can cause visual fatigue, which mainly manifests as eye dryness, soreness, blurred vision, and various discomforts. The main reason for this is a decline in the function of the eye, especially the cornea and retina on the surface of the eye, which have the greatest impact on the normal function of the eye. Research has found that supplementation with appropriate foods or nutrients can effectively strengthen the eye against external and internal stimuli, thereby alleviating or avoiding visual fatigue. Among these, supplementation with polyunsaturated fatty acids has been found to be effective at protecting eye health and relieving visual fatigue. This article summarizes the sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids (including the main dietary sources and internal synthesis), the mechanisms of digestion and absorption of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the body and the safety of polyunsaturated fatty acid applications. It also reviews the mechanism of action of polyunsaturated fatty acids in aiding the relief of visual fatigue based on the mechanism of impaired function or structure of the ocular surface and fundus in the hope of providing some reference and insight into the development and application of polyunsaturated fatty acids in functional foods for the relief of visual fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Duan
- College of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Food, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, China
| | - Wei Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Food, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Food, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, China
| | - Wenjie Yan
- College of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Food, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, China
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Liu C, Li S, Niu H, Yang H, Tan J, Zhang J, Ren L, Yan B. Effect of Lipid Type on the Acidogenic Performance of Food Waste. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation9040348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Due to its high lipid content and intricate constitution, food waste poses a considerable challenge for biotreatment. This research aims to investigate the potential influence of diverse lipid species on anaerobic fermentation, induced by the varying dietary patterns observed in distinct regions. The investigation involved incorporating 5% (w/w) of beef tallow, mutton fat, soybean oil, peanut oil, and rapeseed oil, separately, into simulated food waste, and subjected it to batch mode acidogenic fermentation. The inclusion of unsaturated fatty acids resulted in a redirection of the metabolic pathway from the lactic acid type to the ethanol, acetic acid, and butyric acid types. The succession of the acidogenic metabolic pathway was highly correlated with the lipid types; beef tallow, mutton fat, soybean oil, and peanut oil delayed the metabolic process by 1, 2, 3, and 8 d, respectively, whereas rapeseed oil accelerated it by 2 d. The lipids contained within the food waste did not facilitate the buildup of soluble substances, resulting in a decrease of 14.0~59.7%. Notwithstanding, valeric acid was exclusively generated during the beef tallow and peanut oil treatments, whereas the production of lactic acid in peanut oil showed a 35.9% increase in comparison to the control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- College of Environment & Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Sheng Li
- College of Environment & Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Hongyu Niu
- College of Environment & Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Haijun Yang
- College of Environment & Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Ju Tan
- Changsha Environmental Monitoring Center Station, Changsha 410001, China
| | - Jiachao Zhang
- College of Environment & Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Liheng Ren
- College of Environment & Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Binghua Yan
- College of Environment & Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
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Comparative Analysis of Nutritional Composition Between GM and Non-GM Soybeans and Soybean Oils by NMR and GC-FID Techniques. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-022-02435-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Hussain N, Shukla SS, Dubey AD, Gautam S, Tripathi J. Control of post-harvest storage losses in water chestnut ( Trapa bispinosa Roxburg) fruits by natural functional herbal coating and gamma radiation processing. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 59:2842-2854. [PMID: 35734140 PMCID: PMC9206974 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-021-05307-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Water chestnut (Trapa bispinosa Roxburg) has short shelf life even after drying due to insect infestations resulting in huge economic losses to farmers. Study was performed including coating with Aloe-vera gel, air drying, LDPE packaging and gamma irradiation (≤ 1 kGy) were evaluated for their efficacy in controlling storage losses. The study was performed with complete randomized design up to 6-month storage period. Physico-chemical properties analysis indicated, weight loss (0.11-0.88%), damage (upto 6.5%) and lesser grain borer infestation (up to 16 no. per packet) during storage at different intervals. Moisture content ranged (9.25-10.10%), protein (8.82-8.89%), fat (0.90-1.00%), carbohydrate (76.83-76.89%), total ash (3.11-4.18%), total sugar (5.83-5.89%), reducing sugar (1.84-1.88%), non-reducing sugar (3.98-4.02%), amylose (66.54-66.64%), in-vitro starch digestibility (3.14-3.18%), phenolics (0.14-0.18%), acidity (0.11-0.12%) and ascorbic acid (41.66-50.00 mg/100 g). These treatments were not found to affect the quality attributes significantly however; it helps in controlling insect infestations at ambient condition. The sensory score of the product, 'Sev' was ranked as like slightly to moderately range. It could be concluded that water chestnut with combinations of 50% aloe-vera gel +0.75 kGy gamma radiation treatment could be stored up to 6 months with retention of quality attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazia Hussain
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Govt. M. H. College of Home Science and Science for Women (Auto.), Rani Durgavati Vishwavidyalaya, Jabalpur, MP 482002 India
| | - S. S. Shukla
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur, MP 482004 India
| | - Alok Dhar Dubey
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur, MP 482004 India
| | - Satyendra Gautam
- Food Technology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085 India
| | - Jyoti Tripathi
- Food Technology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085 India
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Hong MJ, Jang YE, Kim DG, Kim JM, Lee MK, Kim JB, Eom SH, Ha BK, Lyu JI, Kwon SJ. Selection of mutants with high linolenic acid contents and characterization of fatty acid desaturase 2 and 3 genes during seed development in soybean (Glycine max). JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:5384-5391. [PMID: 31077382 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soybean seeds contain 18-24% lipids, which are made up of 85% polyunsaturated fatty acids. Two of these (linoleic and linolenic acids) comprise essential fatty acids that are not synthesized in humans and animals. Linolenic acid plays a vital role in the maintenance of brain function and is a source of docosahexaenoic acid for retinal and nerve tissue, with its physiological functions being a focus of attention. RESULTS We developed mutant soybean populations via gamma irradiation of Korean cultivars Danbaek and Daepung and evaluated the linolenic acid content of 78 and 154 M9 mutant progenies. We selected the four mutant lines with the highest linolenic acid contents based on 2 years of investigation of fatty acids. The selected mutant lines had linolenic acid contents that were 33.9% to 67.7% higher than those of the original cultivars and exhibited increased fatty acid desaturase (FAD) gene expression levels during seed development. We also identified nucleotide polymorphisms of FAD genes in the four mutant lines. CONCLUSION The present study found that linolenic acid content is related to significantly increased expression levels of the FAD3C and FAD3D genes in the endoplasmic reticulum, which was uncovered by radiation mutation breeding of soybean. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jeong Hong
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Korea
| | - Young Eun Jang
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Korea
| | - Dong-Gun Kim
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Korea
- Department of Life-Resources, Graduate School, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, Korea
| | - Jung Min Kim
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Korea
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Collage of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Min-Kyu Lee
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Korea
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Collage of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jin-Baek Kim
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Korea
| | - Seok Hyun Eom
- Department of Horticultural Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Bo-Keun Ha
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Collage of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jae Il Lyu
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Korea
| | - Soon-Jae Kwon
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Korea
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Zhang ZS, Xie QF, Che LM. Effects of gamma irradiation on aflatoxin B 1 levels in soybean and on the properties of soybean and soybean oil. Appl Radiat Isot 2018; 139:224-230. [PMID: 29852404 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Fungal infection is inevitable in the cultivation and storage process of soybean. Gamma irradiation is an effective method to control fungal growth and inactivate mycotoxins. The effects of gamma irradiation and fungal damage on the number of fungi, aflatoxin B1 content, proximate composition of soybeans, and quality of soybean oil (acid value, peroxide value, iodine value, fatty acid profile, tocopherols content, and oxidation stability) were investigated in this work. Growth of fungi caused some changes in proximate composition of soybean and qualities of soybean oil. However, the changes depended on the damage extent of soybeans. No significant change was found for the soybeans incubated for 30 days (moderately fungi-damaged). Gamma irradiation could completely eliminate the fungi and greatly reduce the content of aflatoxin B1 in soybeans at 10 kGy. For soybeans incubated for 30 days, there were no significant changes in the quality attributes, tocopherols content and oxidation stability of oil when the gamma irradiation dose was less than 20 kGy. Gamma irradiation is a promising method to improve the safety and economy of moderately fungi-damaged soybean used for feedstuff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Shan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, No.100, Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China.
| | - Qing-Fang Xie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, No.100, Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Li-Ming Che
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Xiamen University, No.422, Siming South Road, Xiamen 361005, PR China.
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Al-Bachir M, Sahloul H. Fatty acid profile of olive oil extracted from irradiated and non-irradiated olive fruits. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2016.1243557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Al-Bachir
- Department of Radiation Technology, Atomic Energy Commission of Syria, Damascus, Syria
| | - H. Sahloul
- Department of Radiation Technology, Atomic Energy Commission of Syria, Damascus, Syria
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Kumar V, Rani A, Jha P, Hussain L, Pal V, Petwal V, Kumar P, Dwivedi J. Lipoxygenase and Tocopherol Profiling of Soybean Genotypes Exposed to Electron Beam Irradiation. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-017-2956-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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