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Huang Y, Tan Y, Wang L, Lan L, Luo J, Wang J, Zeng H, Shu W. Consumption of very low-mineral water may threaten cardiovascular health by increasing homocysteine in children. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1133488. [PMID: 36969809 PMCID: PMC10034051 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1133488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionHomocysteine (Hcy) is a critical factor for cardiovascular injury, and the elevation of Hcy in children will inevitably increase the risk of cardiovascular disease in adulthood. This study explored the effect of very low-mineral water on children’s Hcy and cardiovascular health.Materials and methodsThis was a retrospective cohort study that recruited two groups of 10–13-year-old children who had consumed direct drinking water (DDW) in school for 4 years. The control group (NW) (119 boys, 110 girls) consumed normal DDW (conductivity 345 μs/cm). The very low-mineral water consumption group (VLW) (223 boys, 208 girls) consumed very low-mineral DDW (conductivity 40.0 μs/cm). Serum Hcy, Hcy metabolites, cofactors of Hcy metabolism, and cardiovascular biomarkers were assessed and standardized by age- and sex-specific Z-scores, and the differences between the two groups were analyzed with independent t-test. The relationships between Hcy metabolism biomarkers and key factors, cardiovascular biomarkers, serum Ca, and mineral intake were analyzed with linear regression.ResultsCompared with the NW group, the VLW group had significantly higher serum Hcy, Apo-B, Apo-B/A1, and oxLDL, and lower serum 1,25,(OH)2D3, vitamin B6 and B12, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, and Apo-A1. Serum Hcy was positively associated with serum Apo-B and Apo-B/A1, and negatively associated with Ca intake from water and serum 1,25,(OH)2D3.ConclusionThis study suggested that drinking very low-mineral water may increase Hcy level and oxidative stress, worsen lipid profile, and threaten the cardiovascular system in children. Reducing 1,25,(OH)2D3, and disordering of calcium metabolism might play important roles. This study first established an association between demineralized drinking water and cardiovascular health in children, suggesting a new environmental concern risk to cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Huang
- Department of Environmental Hygiene, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yao Tan
- Department of Environmental Hygiene, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Lingqiao Wang
- Department of Environmental Hygiene, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Lan Lan
- Department of Communicable Disease Prevention and Management, Chongqing Municipal Corps of Integrated Health Administrative Law Enforcement, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiaohua Luo
- Department of Environmental Hygiene, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Environmental Hygiene, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Zeng
- Department of Environmental Hygiene, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Weiqun Shu
- Department of Environmental Hygiene, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Weiqun Shu,
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Zaitsev AV, Martinov MV, Vitvitsky VM, Ataullakhanov FI. Rat liver folate metabolism can provide an independent functioning of associated metabolic pathways. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7657. [PMID: 31113966 PMCID: PMC6529478 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44009-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Folate metabolism in mammalian cells is essential for multiple vital processes, including purine and pyrimidine synthesis, histidine catabolism, methionine recycling, and utilization of formic acid. It remains unknown, however, whether these processes affect each other via folate metabolism or can function independently based on cellular needs. We addressed this question using a quantitative mathematical model of folate metabolism in rat liver cytoplasm. Variation in the rates of metabolic processes associated with folate metabolism (i.e., purine and pyrimidine synthesis, histidine catabolism, and influxes of formate and methionine) in the model revealed that folate metabolism is organized in a striking manner that enables activation or inhibition of each individual process independently of the metabolic fluxes in others. In mechanistic terms, this independence is based on the high activities of a group of enzymes involved in folate metabolism, which efficiently maintain close-to-equilibrium ratios between substrates and products of enzymatic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael V Martinov
- Center for Theoretical Problems of Physico-Chemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Victor M Vitvitsky
- Center for Theoretical Problems of Physico-Chemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - Fazoil I Ataullakhanov
- Department of Physics, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Center for Theoretical Problems of Physico-Chemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center for Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Immunology, Moscow, 117997, Russia
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Kitagawa E, Ota Y, Hasegawa M, Nakagawa T, Hayakawa T. Accumulation of Liver Lipids Induced by Vitamin B 6 Deficiency Was Effectively Ameliorated by Choline and, to a Lesser Extent, Betaine. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2019; 65:94-101. [PMID: 30814419 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.65.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Despite previous studies suggesting that choline and betaine ameliorate lipid accumulation in rat livers, the relative effectiveness of the two nutrients is unclear. We examined the efficacy of dietary supplementation with choline or betaine in ameliorating lipid accumulation induced by vitamin B6 (B6) deficiency in the rat liver. Male Wistar rats were fed control, B6-deficient, choline-supplemented B6-deficient, betaine-supplemented B6-deficient, or both choline and betaine-supplemented B6-deficient diets (all containing 9 g of l-methionine (Met)/kg) for 35 d. Two experiments were performed, i.e., one using 17 mmol/kg diet choline bitartrate, betaine anhydrous, and the combination and another using 8.5 mmol/kg diet. Rats fed a B6-deficient diet developed lipid accumulation in the liver with a reduction of plasma lipids induced by the disruption of Met metabolism. However, the addition of 17 mmol/kg diet choline or betaine was sufficient to ameliorate the disruptions of lipid and Met metabolism. Additionally, 8.5 mmol/kg diet choline ameliorated liver lipid deposition, while the same amount of betaine had no significant effects on liver or plasma lipid profiles. Supplementation with choline resulted in a higher liver betaine than that found using the same amount of betaine alone, although the overall liver betaine content was reduced in B6-deficient rats. Our findings indicate that choline is more effective than betaine in ameliorating B6 deficiency-related disruptions in Met metabolism and liver lipid accumulation by increasing liver betaine levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erina Kitagawa
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University.,Faculty of Health and Human Life, Nagoya Bunri University
| | - Yuki Ota
- The Graduate School of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University
| | - Maki Hasegawa
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University
| | - Tomoyuki Nakagawa
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University.,The Graduate School of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University.,Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University
| | - Takashi Hayakawa
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University.,The Graduate School of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University.,Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University
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Subchronic methionine load induces oxidative stress and provokes biochemical and histological changes in the rat liver tissue. Mol Cell Biochem 2018; 448:43-50. [PMID: 29423685 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-018-3311-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the effects of L-cysteine (Cys) (7 mg/kg) and N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) (50 mg/kg) in the rat liver caused by subchronic i.p. application of methionine (Met) (0.8 mmol/kg) during 21 days. Malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, glutathione content (GSH), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activities were determined in the liver tissue and activities of liver enzymes (AST, ALT, ALP, and GGT) and concentrations of total proteins and albumin were determinated in plasma/serum. Catalase, superoxide dismutase, and acetylcholinesterase activities were increased by Cys and NAC. Met caused periportal mononuclear infiltration and rare focal necrosis of hepatocytes. In Cys- and NAC-supplemented groups, intracellular edema and microvesicular fatty changes without necrosis were noticed. We observed decrease of AST, ALT, and ALP activity in the methionine-treated group. Our results indicate that Cys and NAC application can increase activity of antioxidative enzymes and prevent intensive histological changes in liver in condition of subchronic methionine exposure.
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Khot VV, Yadav DK, Shrestha S, Kaur L, Sundrani DP, Chavan-Gautam PM, Mehendale SS, Chandak GR, Joshi SR. Hypermethylated CpG sites in the MTR gene promoter in preterm placenta. Epigenomics 2017; 9:985-996. [PMID: 28617183 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2016-0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Altered maternal one-carbon metabolism influences placental DNA methylation patterns and 'programs' the fetus for noncommunicable diseases in adult life. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES Levels of plasma folate, vitamin B12, homocysteine, mRNA and protein levels of MTHFR and MTR enzymes in placenta were compared among women delivering preterm (n = 83) and term (n = 75). MTR promoter CpG methylation was undertaken. RESULTS MTHFR and MTR mRNA levels were higher while protein levels were lower, and MTR CpG sites were hypermethylated in the preterm group, as compared with the term group. Methylated CpG sites were negatively associated with maternal plasma vitamin B12 levels. CONCLUSION Study suggests a dysregulation of enzyme genes in remethylation arm of the one-carbon metabolism in placenta of women delivering preterm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinita V Khot
- Departments of Nutritional Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune 411043, Maharashtra, India
| | - Dilip K Yadav
- Genomic Research on Complex Diseases (GRC Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular & Molecular Biology (CSIR-CCMB), Habsiguda, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Smeeta Shrestha
- Genomic Research on Complex Diseases (GRC Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular & Molecular Biology (CSIR-CCMB), Habsiguda, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Lovejeet Kaur
- Genomic Research on Complex Diseases (GRC Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular & Molecular Biology (CSIR-CCMB), Habsiguda, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Deepali P Sundrani
- Departments of Nutritional Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune 411043, Maharashtra, India
| | - Preeti M Chavan-Gautam
- Departments of Nutritional Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune 411043, Maharashtra, India
| | - Savita S Mehendale
- Obstetrics & Gynecology, Bharati Medical College & Hospital, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune 411043, Maharashtra, India
| | - Giriraj R Chandak
- Genomic Research on Complex Diseases (GRC Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular & Molecular Biology (CSIR-CCMB), Habsiguda, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Sadhana R Joshi
- Departments of Nutritional Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune 411043, Maharashtra, India
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Kitagawa E, Yamamoto T, Fujishita M, Ota Y, Yamamoto K, Nakagawa T, Hayakawa T. Choline and betaine ameliorate liver lipid accumulation induced by vitamin B 6 deficiency in rats. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2016; 81:316-322. [PMID: 27696964 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2016.1240604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the efficacy of supplementing the diet with choline or betaine in ameliorating lipid accumulation induced by vitamin B6 (B6) deficiency in rat liver. Male Wistar rats were fed a control, B6-deficient, choline-supplemented (2, 4, or 6 g choline bitartrate/kg diet) B6-deficient diet or betaine-supplemented (1, 2, or 4 g betaine anhydrous/kg diet) B6-deficient diet for 35 d; all diets contained 9 g L-methionine (Met)/kg diet. Choline or betaine supplementation attenuated liver lipid deposition and restored plasma lipid profiles to control levels. These treatments restored the disruptions in Met metabolism and the phosphatidylcholine (PC)/phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) ratio induced by B6 deficiency in liver microsomes. These results suggest that choline and betaine ameliorated liver lipid accumulation induced by B6 deficiency via recovery of Met metabolism and very low-density lipoprotein secretion by restoring the supply of PC derived from PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erina Kitagawa
- a The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science , Gifu University , Gifu , Japan.,b Faculty of Health and Human Life , Nagoya Bunri University , Inazawa , Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yamamoto
- c The Graduate School of Applied Biological Sciences , Gifu University , Gifu , Japan
| | - Mayuko Fujishita
- c The Graduate School of Applied Biological Sciences , Gifu University , Gifu , Japan
| | - Yuki Ota
- c The Graduate School of Applied Biological Sciences , Gifu University , Gifu , Japan
| | - Kohei Yamamoto
- a The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science , Gifu University , Gifu , Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Nakagawa
- a The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science , Gifu University , Gifu , Japan.,c The Graduate School of Applied Biological Sciences , Gifu University , Gifu , Japan.,d Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences , Gifu University , Gifu , Japan
| | - Takashi Hayakawa
- a The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science , Gifu University , Gifu , Japan.,c The Graduate School of Applied Biological Sciences , Gifu University , Gifu , Japan.,d Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences , Gifu University , Gifu , Japan
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Kitagawa E, Yamamoto T, Yamamoto K, Nakagawa T, Hayakawa T. Accumulation of lipid in rat liver was induced by vitamin B6 deficiency and was ameliorated by supplemental phosphatidylcholine in the diet. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2015; 79:1320-6. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2015.1020755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
We investigated the efficacy of supplementing the diet with pteroylmonoglutamic acid (PGA), choline, or phosphatidylcholine (PC) in ameliorating the lipid accumulation in rat liver that is induced by vitamin B6 (B6) deficiency. In Experiment 1, male Wistar rats were fed a control, B6-deficient, or PGA-, choline-, or PC-supplemented (10 mg, 4 g, and 6.3 g/kg of diet, respectively) B6-deficient diet containing l-methionine at 9 g/kg of diet for 35 days. In Experiment 2, rats were fed a control, B6-deficient, or PC-supplemented (at 3.15, 6.3, or 12.6 g PC/kg of diet) B6-deficient diet for 35 days. Choline or PC supplementation ameliorated liver lipid deposition and returned plasma lipids to normal. Judging from these results, it appeared that B6 deficiency decreased the synthesis of PC in the liver, thereby decreasing the secretion of very low-density lipoproteins, and in consequence producing lipid accumulation in the liver and reductions of plasma lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erina Kitagawa
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
- Faculty of Health and Human Life, Nagoya Bunri University, Inazawa, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yamamoto
- The Graduate School of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kohei Yamamoto
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Nakagawa
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
- The Graduate School of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takashi Hayakawa
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
- The Graduate School of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
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