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Aktuganov GE, Melentiev AI, Varlamov VP. Biotechnological Aspects of the Enzymatic Preparation of Bioactive Chitooligosaccharides (Review). APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683819040021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Alikkunju AP, Sainjan N, Silvester R, Joseph A, Rahiman M, Antony AC, Kumaran RC, Hatha M. Screening and Characterization of Cold-Active β-Galactosidase Producing Psychrotrophic Enterobacter ludwigii from the Sediments of Arctic Fjord. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 180:477-490. [PMID: 27188973 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2111-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Low-temperature-tolerant microorganisms and their cold-active enzymes could be an innovative and invaluable tool in various industrial applications. In the present study, bacterial isolates from the sediment samples of Kongsfjord, Norwegian Arctic, were screened for β-galactosidase production. Among the isolates, KS25, KS85, KS60, and KS92 have shown good potential in β-galactosidase production at 20 °C. 16SrRNA gene sequence analysis revealed the relatedness of the isolates to Enterobacter ludwigii. The optimum growth temperature of the isolate was 25 °C. The isolate exhibited good growth and enzyme production at a temperature range of 15-35 °C, pH 5-10. The isolate preferred yeast extract and lactose for the maximum growth and enzyme production at conditions of pH 7.0, temperature of 25 °C, and agitation speed of 100 rpm. The growth and enzyme production was stimulated by Mn2+ and Mg2+ and strongly inhibited by Zn2+, Ni2+, and Cu+. β-Galactosidases with high specific activity at low temperatures are very beneficial in food industry to compensate the nutritional problem associated with lactose intolerance. The isolate exhibited a remarkable capability to utilize clarified whey, an industrial pollutant, for good biomass and enzyme yield and hence could be well employed in whey bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneesa P Alikkunju
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Lakeside Campus, Cochin, 682016, Kerala, India.
| | - Neethu Sainjan
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Lakeside Campus, Cochin, 682016, Kerala, India
| | - Reshma Silvester
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Lakeside Campus, Cochin, 682016, Kerala, India
| | - Ajith Joseph
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Lakeside Campus, Cochin, 682016, Kerala, India
| | - Mujeeb Rahiman
- Department of Aquaculture and Fishery Microbiology, MES Ponnani College, Ponnani, 679586, Kerala, India
| | - Ally C Antony
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Lakeside Campus, Cochin, 682016, Kerala, India
| | - Radhakrishnan C Kumaran
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Lakeside Campus, Cochin, 682016, Kerala, India
| | - Mohamed Hatha
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Lakeside Campus, Cochin, 682016, Kerala, India
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Hayes M, Carney B, Slater J, Brück W. Mining marine shellfish wastes for bioactive molecules: Chitin and chitosan – Part B: Applications. Biotechnol J 2008; 3:878-89. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.200800027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Yun C, Amakata D, Matsuo Y, Matsuda H, Kawamukai M. New chitosan-degrading strains that produce chitosanases similar to ChoA of Mitsuaria chitosanitabida. Appl Environ Microbiol 2005; 71:5138-44. [PMID: 16151097 PMCID: PMC1214613 DOI: 10.1128/aem.71.9.5138-5144.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The betaproteobacterium Mitsuaria chitosanitabida (formerly Matsuebacter chitosanotabidus) 3001 produces a chitosanase (ChoA) that is classified in glycosyl hydrolase family 80. While many chitosanase genes have been isolated from various bacteria to date, they show limited homology to the M. chitosanitabida 3001 chitosanase gene (choA). To investigate the phylogenetic distribution of chitosanases analogous to ChoA in nature, we identified 67 chitosan-degrading strains by screening and investigated their physiological and biological characteristics. We then searched for similarities to ChoA by Western blotting and Southern hybridization and selected 11 strains whose chitosanases showed the most similarity to ChoA. PCR amplification and sequencing of the chitosanase genes from these strains revealed high deduced amino acid sequence similarities to ChoA ranging from 77% to 99%. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences of the 11 selected strains indicated that they are widely distributed in the beta and gamma subclasses of Proteobacteria and the Flavobacterium group. These observations suggest that the ChoA-like chitosanases that belong to family 80 occur widely in a broad variety of bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- ChoongSoo Yun
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
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JEON YOUJIN, SHAHIDI FEREIDOON, KIM SEKWON. PREPARATION OF CHITIN AND CHITOSAN OLIGOMERS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS IN PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONAL FOODS. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2000. [DOI: 10.1081/fri-100100286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Nozaki O, Kawamoto H. Determination of hydrogen peroxide by micro-flow injection-chemiluminescence using a coupled flow cell reactor chemiluminometer. LUMINESCENCE 2000; 15:137-42. [PMID: 10862141 DOI: 10.1002/1522-7243(200005/06)15:3<137::aid-bio576>3.0.co;2-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A novel flow cell reactor was developed for micro-flow injection determination of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) using horseradish peroxide (HRP)-catalysed luminol chemiluminescence. The newly developed flow cell reactor for a chemiluminometer allowed mixing of the chemiluminescent reagents in front of a photomultiplier for maximum detection of the emitted light. The rapid mixing allowed a decrease in the flow rate of the pump to 0.1-0.01 mL/min, resulting in increased sensitivity of detection of light. The flow cell reactor was made by packing HRP-immobilized gels into a flow cell (Teflon tube; 6 cm x 0.98 mm i.d.) located in the cell holder of a chemiluminometer (flow-through type). The HRP-immobilized gels were made by immobilizing HRP onto the Chitopearl gel by the periodate method. H(2)O(2) specimens (50 microL) were injected into a stream of water delivered at a flow rate of 0.1 mL/min and mixed with a luminol solution (0.56 mmol/L in Tricine buffer, pH 9.2) delivered at 0.1 mL/min in the flow cell reactor. Within-run reproducibility of the assay of H(2)O(2) was 2.4% (4.85 micromol/L; flow rate 0.1 mL/min, injection interval 10 min). The reproducibility of the H(2)O(2) assay was influenced by the flow rates and the injection intervals of the H(2)O(2) specimens. As the flow rates decreased, both the light intensity and the light duration increased. Optimal light intensity was obtained at a luminol concentration of 3-8 mmol/L, but 0.56 mmol/L was sufficient for assay of H(2)O(2) in clinical specimens. At a luminol concentration of 0.56 mmol/L, the regression equation of the standard curve for H(2)O(2) (0-9.7 micromol/L) was Y = 27.5 X(2) + 394 X + 58.9 (Y = light intensity; X = concentration of H(2)O(2)) and the detection limit of H(2)O(2) was 0.2 micromol/L. This method was used to assay glucose (2.7-16.7 mmol/L) based on a glucose oxidase (20 U/mL, pH 7.4) reaction. The standard curve for glucose was Y = 167 X(2) - 351 X + 1484 (Y = light intensity; X = glucose). The within-run reproducibility for an aqueous glucose standard (2.7 mmol/L) and a control serum (glucose, 5 mmol/L) was 4.48% (n = 5) and 5.70% (n = 9), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Nozaki
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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