1
|
Hong SJ, Kim YM. Encapsulation of Clofazimine by Cyclodextran: Preparation, Characterization, and In Vitro Release Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108808. [PMID: 37240153 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate and compare the efficacy of cyclodextrans (CIs) and cyclodextrins (CDs) in improving the water solubility of a poorly water-soluble drug, clofazimine (CFZ). Among the evaluated CIs and CDs, CI-9 exhibited the highest percentage of drug inclusion and the highest solubility. Additionally, CI-9 showed the highest encapsulation efficiency, with a CFZ:CI-9 molar ratio of 0.2:1. SEM analysis indicated successful formation of inclusion complexes CFZ/CI and CFZ/CD, accounting for the rapid dissolution rate of the inclusion complex. Moreover, CFZ in CFZ/CI-9 demonstrated the highest drug release ratio, reaching up to 97%. CFZ/CI complexes were found to be an effective means of protecting the activity of CFZ against various environmental stresses, particularly UV irradiation, compared to free CFZ and CFZ/CD complexes. Overall, the findings provide valuable insights into designing novel drug delivery systems based on the inclusion complexes of CIs and CDs. However, further studies are needed to investigate the effects of these factors on the release properties and pharmacokinetics of encapsulated drugs in vivo, in order to ensure the safety and efficacy of these inclusion complexes. In conclusion, CI-9 is a promising candidate for drug delivery systems, and CFZ/CI complexes could be a potential formulation strategy for the development of stable and effective drug products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Jin Hong
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Min Kim
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Imamura W, Yamasaki T, Kato H, Ishikawa T. Insights into the molecular interaction of cyclodextran with a guest molecule: A computational study. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 301:120315. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
3
|
Carbohydrate-binding module of cycloisomaltooligosaccharide glucanotransferase from Thermoanaerobacter thermocopriae improves its cyclodextran production. Enzyme Microb Technol 2022; 157:110023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2022.110023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
4
|
Kitagawa N, Watanabe H, Mori T, Nishimoto T, Aga H, Ushio S, Yamamoto K. Efficient production of isomaltose and isomaltooligosaccharides from starch using 1,4-α-glucan 6-α-glucosyltransferase and isopullulanase. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 85:2450-2458. [PMID: 34625793 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbab173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We attempted to develop an efficient method for producing isomaltose, a disaccharide consisting of an α-(1→6)-linkage, from starch by combining enzymes of known activity. We found that the combination of 1,4-α-glucan 6-α-glucosyltransferase from Bacillus globisporus N75 and isopullulanase from Aspergillus brasiliensis ATCC 9642 led to the efficient synthesis of isomaltose. Inclusion of isoamylase and cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase resulted in increased efficiency, with production yields exceeding 70%. Furthermore, we considered that isomaltooligosaccharides could be synthesized from starch by combining 1,4-α-glucan 6-α-glucosyltransferase from Paenibacillus sp. PP710 and isopullulanase. In reactions that additionally utilized isoamylase and α-amylase, the total concentration of product, which included a series of isomaltooligosaccharides from isomaltose to isomaltodecaose, was 131 m m, and the ratio of 6-linked glucopyranosyl bonds to all bonds was 91.7% at a substrate concentration of 10%. The development of these manufacturing methods will accelerate the industrial production of isomaltose and isomaltooligosaccharides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noriaki Kitagawa
- Research and Technology Division, HAYASHIBARA CO., LTD., Okayama, Japan
| | - Hikaru Watanabe
- Research and Technology Division, HAYASHIBARA CO., LTD., Okayama, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mori
- Research and Technology Division, HAYASHIBARA CO., LTD., Okayama, Japan
| | | | - Hajime Aga
- Research and Technology Division, HAYASHIBARA CO., LTD., Okayama, Japan
| | - Shimpei Ushio
- Research and Technology Division, HAYASHIBARA CO., LTD., Okayama, Japan
| | - Koryu Yamamoto
- Research and Technology Division, HAYASHIBARA CO., LTD., Okayama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yang SJ, Choi SJ, Park BR, Kim YM. Thermostable CITase from Thermoanaerobacter thermocopriae shows negative cooperativity. Biotechnol Lett 2019; 41:625-632. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-019-02666-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
6
|
Structural features of a bacterial cyclic α-maltosyl-(1→6)-maltose (CMM) hydrolase critical for CMM recognition and hydrolysis. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:16874-16888. [PMID: 30181215 PMCID: PMC6204909 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclic α-maltosyl-(1→6)-maltose (CMM, cyclo-{→6)-α-d-Glcp-(1→4)-α-d-Glcp-(1→6)-α-d-Glcp-(1→4)-α-d-Glcp-(1→})is a cyclic glucotetrasaccharide with alternating α-1,4 and α-1,6 linkages. CMM is composed of two maltose units and is one of the smallest cyclic glucooligosaccharides. Although CMM is resistant to usual amylases, it is efficiently hydrolyzed by CMM hydrolase (CMMase), belonging to subfamily 20 of glycoside hydrolase family 13 (GH13_20). Here, we determined the ligand-free crystal structure of CMMase from the soil-associated bacterium Arthrobacter globiformis and its structures in complex with maltose, panose, and CMM to elucidate the structural basis of substrate recognition by CMMase. The structures disclosed that although the monomer structure consists of three domains commonly adopted by GH13 and other α-amylase-related enzymes, CMMase forms a unique wing-like dimer structure. The complex structure with CMM revealed four specific subsites, namely -3', -2, -1, and +1'. We also observed that the bound CMM molecule adopts a low-energy conformer compared with the X-ray structure of a single CMM crystal, also determined here. Comparison of the CMMase active site with those in other enzymes of the GH13_20 family revealed that three regions forming the wall of the cleft, denoted PYF (Pro-203/Tyr-204/Phe-205), CS (Cys-163/Ser-164), and Y (Tyr-168), are present only in CMMase and are involved in CMM recognition. Combinations of multiple substitutions in these regions markedly decreased the activity toward CMM, indicating that the specificity for this cyclic tetrasaccharide is supported by the entire shape of the pocket. In summary, our work uncovers the mechanistic basis for the highly specific interactions of CMMase with its substrate CMM.
Collapse
|
7
|
Klahan P, Okuyama M, Jinnai K, Ma M, Kikuchi A, Kumagai Y, Tagami T, Kimura A. Engineered dextranase from Streptococcus mutans enhances the production of longer isomaltooligosaccharides. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2018; 82:1480-1487. [PMID: 29806555 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2018.1473026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we investigated enzymatic properties and reaction specificities of Streptococcus mutans dextranase, which hydrolyzes α-(1→6)-glucosidic linkages in dextran to produce isomaltooligosaccharides. Reaction specificities of wild-type dextranase and its mutant derivatives were examined using dextran and a series of enzymatically prepared p-nitrophenyl α-isomaltooligosaccharides. In experiments with 4-mg·mL-1 dextran, isomaltooligosaccharides with degrees of polymerization (DP) of 3 and 4 were present at the beginning of the reaction, and glucose and isomaltose were produced by the end of the reaction. Increased concentrations of the substrate dextran (40 mg·mL-1) yielded isomaltooligosaccharides with higher DP, and the mutations T558H, W279A/T563N, and W279F/T563N at the -3 and -4 subsites affected hydrolytic activities of the enzyme, likely reflecting decreases in substrate affinity at the -4 subsite. In particular, T558H increased the proportion of isomaltooligosaccharide with DP of 5 in hydrolysates following reactions with 4-mg·mL-1 dextran.Abbreviations CI: cycloisomaltooligosaccharide; CITase: CI glucanotransferase; CITase-Bc: CITase from Bacillus circulans T-3040; DP: degree of polymerization of glucose unit; GH: glycoside hydrolase family; GTF: glucansucrase; HPAEC-PAD: high performance anion-exchange chromatography-pulsed amperometric detection; IG: isomaltooligosaccharide; IGn: IG with DP of n (n, 2‒5); PNP: p-nitrophenol; PNP-Glc: p-nitrophenyl α-glucoside; PNP-IG: p-nitrophenyl isomaltooligosaccharide; PNP-IGn: PNP-IG with DP of n (n, 2‒6); SmDex: dextranase from Streptococcus mutans; SmDexTM: S. mutans ATCC25175 SmDex bearing Gln100‒Ile732.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patcharapa Klahan
- a Research Faculty of Agriculture , Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Masayuki Okuyama
- a Research Faculty of Agriculture , Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Kohei Jinnai
- a Research Faculty of Agriculture , Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Min Ma
- a Research Faculty of Agriculture , Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Asako Kikuchi
- a Research Faculty of Agriculture , Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Yuya Kumagai
- a Research Faculty of Agriculture , Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Takayoshi Tagami
- a Research Faculty of Agriculture , Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Atsuo Kimura
- a Research Faculty of Agriculture , Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Carbohydrate-binding architecture of the multi-modular α-1,6-glucosyltransferase from Paenibacillus sp. 598K, which produces α-1,6-glucosyl-α-glucosaccharides from starch. Biochem J 2017; 474:2763-2778. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20170152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Paenibacillus sp. 598K α-1,6-glucosyltransferase (Ps6TG31A), a member of glycoside hydrolase family 31, catalyzes exo-α-glucohydrolysis and transglucosylation and produces α-1,6-glucosyl-α-glucosaccharides from α-glucan via its disproportionation activity. The crystal structure of Ps6TG31A was determined by an anomalous dispersion method using a terbium derivative. The monomeric Ps6TG31A consisted of one catalytic (β/α)8-barrel domain and six small domains, one on the N-terminal and five on the C-terminal side. The structures of the enzyme complexed with maltohexaose, isomaltohexaose, and acarbose demonstrated that the ligands were observed in the catalytic cleft and the sugar-binding sites of four β-domains. The catalytic site was structured by a glucose-binding pocket and an aglycon-binding cleft built by two sidewalls. The bound acarbose was located with its non-reducing end pseudosugar docked in the pocket, and the other moieties along one sidewall serving three subsites for the α-1,4-glucan. The bound isomaltooligosaccharide was found on the opposite sidewall, which provided the space for the acceptor molecule to be positioned for attack of the catalytic intermediate covalent complex during transglucosylation. The N-terminal domain recognized the α-1,4-glucan in a surface-binding mode. Two of the five C-terminal domains belong to the carbohydrate-binding modules family 35 and one to family 61. The sugar complex structures indicated that the first family 35 module preferred α-1,6-glucan, whereas the second family 35 module and family 61 module preferred α-1,4-glucan. Ps6TG31A appears to have enhanced transglucosylation activity facilitated by its carbohydrate-binding modules and substrate-binding cleft that positions the substrate and acceptor sugar for the transglucosylation.
Collapse
|
9
|
Isomaltooligosaccharide-binding structure of Paenibacillus sp. 598K cycloisomaltooligosaccharide glucanotransferase. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20170253. [PMID: 28385816 PMCID: PMC5408701 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20170253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Paenibacillus sp. 598K cycloisomaltooligosaccharide glucanotransferase (CITase), a member of glycoside hydrolase family 66 (GH66), catalyses the intramolecular transglucosylation of dextran to produce CIs with seven or more degrees of polymerization. To clarify the cyclization reaction and product specificity of the enzyme, we determined the crystal structure of PsCITase. The core structure of PsCITase consists of four structural domains: a catalytic (β/α)8-domain and three β-domains. A family 35 carbohydrate-binding module (first CBM35 region of Paenibacillus sp. 598K CITase, (PsCBM35-1)) is inserted into and protrudes from the catalytic domain. The ligand complex structure of PsCITase prepared by soaking the crystal with cycloisomaltoheptaose yielded bound sugars at three sites: in the catalytic cleft, at the joint of the PsCBM35-1 domain and at the loop region of PsCBM35-1. In the catalytic site, soaked cycloisomaltoheptaose was observed as a linear isomaltoheptaose, presumably a hydrolysed product from cycloisomaltoheptaose by the enzyme and occupied subsites -7 to -1. Beyond subsite -7, three glucose moieties of another isomaltooiligosaccharide were observed, and these positions are considered to be distal subsites -13 to -11. The third binding site is the canonical sugar-binding site at the loop region of PsCBM35-1, where the soaked cycloisomaltoheptaose is bound. The structure indicated that the concave surface between the catalytic domain and PsCBM35-1 plays a guiding route for the long-chained substrate at the cyclization reaction.
Collapse
|
10
|
Paenibacillus sp. 598K 6-α-glucosyltransferase is essential for cycloisomaltooligosaccharide synthesis from α-(1 → 4)-glucan. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:4115-4128. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8174-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
11
|
Suzuki N, Fujimoto Z, Kim YM, Momma M, Kishine N, Suzuki R, Suzuki S, Kitamura S, Kobayashi M, Kimura A, Funane K. Structural elucidation of the cyclization mechanism of α-1,6-glucan by Bacillus circulans T-3040 cycloisomaltooligosaccharide glucanotransferase. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:12040-12051. [PMID: 24616103 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.547992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus circulans T-3040 cycloisomaltooligosaccharide glucanotransferase belongs to the glycoside hydrolase family 66 and catalyzes an intramolecular transglucosylation reaction that produces cycloisomaltooligosaccharides from dextran. The crystal structure of the core fragment from Ser-39 to Met-738 of B. circulans T-3040 cycloisomaltooligosaccharide glucanotransferase, devoid of its N-terminal signal peptide and C-terminal nonconserved regions, was determined. The structural model contained one catalytic (β/α)8-barrel domain and three β-domains. Domain N with an immunoglobulin-like β-sandwich fold was attached to the N terminus; domain C with a Greek key β-sandwich fold was located at the C terminus, and a carbohydrate-binding module family 35 (CBM35) β-jellyroll domain B was inserted between the 7th β-strand and the 7th α-helix of the catalytic domain A. The structures of the inactive catalytic nucleophile mutant enzyme complexed with isomaltohexaose, isomaltoheptaose, isomaltooctaose, and cycloisomaltooctaose revealed that the ligands bound in the catalytic cleft and the sugar-binding site of CBM35. Of these, isomaltooctaose bound in the catalytic site extended to the second sugar-binding site of CBM35, which acted as subsite -8, representing the enzyme·substrate complex when the enzyme produces cycloisomaltooctaose. The isomaltoheptaose and cycloisomaltooctaose bound in the catalytic cleft with a circular structure around Met-310, representing the enzyme·product complex. These structures collectively indicated that CBM35 functions in determining the size of the product, causing the predominant production of cycloisomaltooctaose by the enzyme. The canonical sugar-binding site of CBM35 bound the mid-part of isomaltooligosaccharides, indicating that the original function involved substrate binding required for efficient catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Suzuki
- Biomolecular Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba 305-8602
| | - Zui Fujimoto
- Biomolecular Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba 305-8602.
| | - Young-Min Kim
- Biomolecular Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba 305-8602; Division of Applied Bioscience, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589
| | - Mitsuru Momma
- Biomolecular Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba 305-8602
| | - Naomi Kishine
- Biomolecular Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba 305-8602
| | - Ryuichiro Suzuki
- Applied Microbiology Division, National Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba 305-8642
| | - Shiho Suzuki
- College of Life, Environment, and Advanced Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai 599-8531
| | - Shinichi Kitamura
- College of Life, Environment, and Advanced Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai 599-8531
| | - Mikihiko Kobayashi
- Biomolecular Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba 305-8602; Applied Microbiology Division, National Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba 305-8642; Department of Food and Health Science, Jissen Women's University, Hino 191-8510, Japan
| | - Atsuo Kimura
- Division of Applied Bioscience, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589
| | - Kazumi Funane
- Applied Microbiology Division, National Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba 305-8642.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Funane K, Ichinose H, Araki M, Suzuki R, Kimura K, Fujimoto Z, Kobayashi M, Kimura A. Evidence for cycloisomaltooligosaccharide production from starch by Bacillus circulans T-3040. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:3947-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5515-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Revised: 12/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
13
|
Oguma T, Kitao S, Kobayashi M. Purification and Characterization of Cycloisomaltooligosaccharide Glucanotransferase and Cloning of cit from Bacillus circulans U-155. J Appl Glycosci (1999) 2014. [DOI: 10.5458/jag.jag.jag-2013_017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
|
14
|
Conformation and physical properties of cycloisomaltooligosaccharides in aqueous solution. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 99:432-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.07.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
15
|
Suzuki N, Kim YM, Momma M, Fujimoto Z, Kobayashi M, Kimura A, Funane K. Crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic analysis of cycloisomaltooligosaccharide glucanotransferase from Bacillus circulans T-3040. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2013; 69:946-9. [PMID: 23908050 PMCID: PMC3729181 DOI: 10.1107/s174430911301991x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus circulans T-3040 cycloisomaltooligosaccharide glucanotransferase (BcCITase) catalyses an intramolecular transglucosylation reaction and produces cycloisomaltooligosaccharides from dextran. BcCITase was overexpressed in Escherichia coli in two different forms and crystallized by the sitting-drop vapour-diffusion method. The crystal of BcCITase bearing an N-terminal His₆ tag diffracted to a resolution of 2.3 Å and belonged to space group P3₁21, containing a single molecule in the asymmetric unit. The crystal of BcCITase bearing a C-terminal His6 tag diffracted to a resolution of 1.9 Å and belonged to space group P2₁2₁2₁, containing two molecules in the asymmetric unit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Suzuki
- Biomolecular Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba 305-8602, Japan
| | - Young-Min Kim
- Biomolecular Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba 305-8602, Japan
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-9 Nisi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Momma
- Biomolecular Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba 305-8602, Japan
| | - Zui Fujimoto
- Biomolecular Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba 305-8602, Japan
| | - Mikihiko Kobayashi
- Biomolecular Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba 305-8602, Japan
- Applied Microbiology Division, National Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba 305-8642, Japan
- Department of Food and Health Science, Jissen Women’s University, 4-1-1 Osakaue, Hino 191-8510, Japan
| | - Atsuo Kimura
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-9 Nisi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Kazumi Funane
- Applied Microbiology Division, National Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba 305-8642, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kim YM, Yamamoto E, Kang MS, Nakai H, Saburi W, Okuyama M, Mori H, Funane K, Momma M, Fujimoto Z, Kobayashi M, Kim D, Kimura A. Bacteroides thetaiotaomicronVPI-5482 glycoside hydrolase family 66 homolog catalyzes dextranolytic and cyclization reactions. FEBS J 2012; 279:3185-91. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2012.08698.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
17
|
Kim YM, Kiso Y, Muraki T, Kang MS, Nakai H, Saburi W, Lang W, Kang HK, Okuyama M, Mori H, Suzuki R, Funane K, Suzuki N, Momma M, Fujimoto Z, Oguma T, Kobayashi M, Kim D, Kimura A. Novel dextranase catalyzing cycloisomaltooligosaccharide formation and identification of catalytic amino acids and their functions using chemical rescue approach. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:19927-35. [PMID: 22461618 PMCID: PMC3370177 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.339036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2012] [Revised: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel endodextranase from Paenibacillus sp. (Paenibacillus sp. dextranase; PsDex) was found to mainly produce isomaltotetraose and small amounts of cycloisomaltooligosaccharides (CIs) with a degree of polymerization of 7-14 from dextran. The 1,696-amino acid sequence belonging to the glycosyl hydrolase family 66 (GH-66) has a long insertion (632 residues; Thr(451)-Val(1082)), a portion of which shares identity (35% at Ala(39)-Ser(1304) of PsDex) with Pro(32)-Ala(755) of CI glucanotransferase (CITase), a GH-66 enzyme that catalyzes the formation of CIs from dextran. This homologous sequence (Val(837)-Met(932) for PsDex and Tyr(404)-Tyr(492) for CITase), similar to carbohydrate-binding module 35, was not found in other endodextranases (Dexs) devoid of CITase activity. These results support the classification of GH-66 enzymes into three types: (i) Dex showing only dextranolytic activity, (ii) Dex catalyzing hydrolysis with low cyclization activity, and (iii) CITase showing CI-forming activity with low dextranolytic activity. The fact that a C-terminal truncated enzyme (having Ala(39)-Ser(1304)) has 50% wild-type PsDex activity indicates that the C-terminal 392 residues are not involved in hydrolysis. GH-66 enzymes possess four conserved acidic residues (Asp(189), Asp(340), Glu(412), and Asp(1254) of PsDex) of catalytic candidates. Their amide mutants decreased activity (1⁄1,500 to 1⁄40,000 times), and D1254N had 36% activity. A chemical rescue approach was applied to D189A, D340G, and E412Q using α-isomaltotetraosyl fluoride with NaN(3). D340G or E412Q formed a β- or α-isomaltotetraosyl azide, respectively, strongly indicating Asp(340) and Glu(412) as a nucleophile and acid/base catalyst, respectively. Interestingly, D189A synthesized small sized dextran from α-isomaltotetraosyl fluoride in the presence of NaN(3).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Min Kim
- From the Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kiso
- From the Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Tomoe Muraki
- From the Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Min-Sun Kang
- From the Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakai
- From the Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Wataru Saburi
- From the Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Weeranuch Lang
- From the Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Hee-Kwon Kang
- From the Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Masayuki Okuyama
- From the Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Haruhide Mori
- From the Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Ryuichiro Suzuki
- the National Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba 305-8642, Japan
| | - Kazumi Funane
- the National Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba 305-8642, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Suzuki
- the National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba 305-8602, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Momma
- the National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba 305-8602, Japan
| | - Zui Fujimoto
- the National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba 305-8602, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Oguma
- the Noda Institute for Scientific Research, 399 Noda, Noda 278-0037, Japan
| | - Mikihiko Kobayashi
- the Department of Food and Health Science, Jissenn Women's University, Hino 191-8510, Japan, and
| | - Doman Kim
- the School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea
| | - Atsuo Kimura
- From the Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Suzuki R, Terasawa K, Kimura K, Fujimoto Z, Momma M, Kobayashi M, Kimura A, Funane K. Biochemical characterization of a novel cycloisomaltooligosaccharide glucanotransferase from Paenibacillus sp. 598K. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2012; 1824:919-24. [PMID: 22542750 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2012.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2011] [Revised: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cycloisomaltooligosaccharide glucanotransferase (CITase; EC 2.4.1.248), a member of the glycoside hydrolase family 66 (GH66), catalyzes the intramolecular transglucosylation of dextran to produce cycloisomaltooligosaccharides (CIs; cyclodextrans) of varying lengths. Eight CI-producing bacteria have been found; however, CITase from Bacillus circulans T-3040 (CITase-T3040) is the only CI-producing enzyme that has been characterized to date. In this study, we report the gene cloning, enzyme characterization, and analysis of essential Asp and Glu residues of a novel CITase from Paenibacillus sp. 598K (CITase-598K). The cit genes from T-3040 and 598K strains were expressed recombinantly, and the properties of Escherichia coli recombinant enzymes were compared. The two CITases exhibited high primary amino acid sequence identity (67%). The major product of CITase-598K was cycloisomaltoheptaose (CI-7), whereas that of CITase-T3040 was cycloisomaltooctaose (CI-8). Some of the properties of CITase-598K are more favorable for practical use compared with CITase-T3040, i.e., the thermal stability for CITase-598K (≤50°C) was 10°C higher than that for CITase-T3040 (≤40°C); the k(cat)/K(M) value of CITase-598K was approximately two times higher (32.2s(-1)mM(-1)) than that of CITase-T3040 (17.8s(-1)mM(-1)). Isomaltotetraose was the smallest substrate for both CITases. When isomaltoheptaose or smaller substrates were used, a lag time was observed before the intramolecular transglucosylation reaction began. As substrate length increased, the lag time shortened. Catalytically important residues of CITase-598K were predicted to be Asp144, Asp269, and Glu341. These findings will serve as a basis for understanding the reaction mechanism and substrate recognition of GH66 enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichiro Suzuki
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kannondai, Tsukuba, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Suzuki N, Kim YM, Fujimoto Z, Momma M, Kang HK, Funane K, Okuyama M, Mori H, Kimura A. Crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of dextranase from Streptococcus mutans. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2011; 67:1542-4. [PMID: 22139161 PMCID: PMC3232134 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309111038425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus mutans dextranase hydrolyzes the internal α-1,6-linkages of dextran and belongs to glycoside hydrolase family 66. An N- and C-terminal deletion mutant of S. mutans dextranase was crystallized by the sitting-drop vapour-diffusion method. The crystals diffracted to a resolution of 1.6 Å and belonged to space group P2(1), with unit-cell parameters a = 53.2, b = 89.7, c = 63.3 Å, β = 102.3°. Assuming that the asymmetric unit of the crystal contained one molecule, the Matthews coefficient was calculated to be 4.07 Å(3) Da(-1); assuming the presence of two molecules in the asymmetric unit it was calculated to be 2.03 Å(3) Da(-1).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Suzuki
- Biomolecular Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
| | - Young-Min Kim
- Biomolecular Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-9 Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Zui Fujimoto
- Biomolecular Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Momma
- Biomolecular Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
| | - Hee-Kwon Kang
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-9 Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Kazumi Funane
- Applied Microbiology Division, National Food Research Institute, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba 305-8642, Japan
| | - Masayuki Okuyama
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-9 Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Haruhide Mori
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-9 Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Atsuo Kimura
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-9 Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Extracellular production of cycloisomaltooligosaccharide glucanotransferase and cyclodextran by a protease-deficient Bacillus subtilis host-vector system. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 93:1877-84. [PMID: 22075636 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3671-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2011] [Revised: 10/10/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
A cycloisomaltooligosaccharide (CI; cyclodextran) production system was developed using a Bacillus subtilis expression system for the cycloisomaltooligosaccharide glucanotransferase (CITase) gene. The CITase gene of Bacillus circulans T-3040, along with the α-amylase promoter (PamyQ) and amyQ signal sequence of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, was cloned into the Bacillus expression vector pUB110 and subsequently expressed in B. subtilis strain 168 and its alkaline (aprE) and neutral (nprE) protease-deficient strains. The recombinant CITase produced by the protease-deficient strains reached 1 U/mL in the culture supernatant within 48 h of cultivation, which was approximately 7.5 times more than that produced by the industrial CITase-producing strain B. circulans G22-10 derived from B. circulans T-3040. When aprE- and nprE-deficient B. subtilis 168 harboring the CITase gene was cultured with 10% dextran 40 for 48 h, 17% of the dextran in the culture was converted to CIs (CI-7 to CI-12), which was approximately three times more than that converted by B. circulans G22-10 under the same dextran concentration. The B. subtilis host-vector system enabled us to produce CIs by direct fermentation of dextran along with high CITase production, which was not possible in B. circulans G22-10 due to growth inhibition by dextran at high concentrations and limited production of CITase.
Collapse
|
21
|
Truncation of N- and C-terminal regions of Streptococcus mutans dextranase enhances catalytic activity. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 91:329-39. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3201-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2010] [Revised: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 02/18/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
22
|
Tokasiki T, Kinjyo K, Funane K, Itou H. Cycloisomaltooligosaccharides Contained in the Kokuto Produced in Okinawa Prefecture. J Appl Glycosci (1999) 2007. [DOI: 10.5458/jag.54.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
|
23
|
Ashton PR, Brown CL, Menzer S, Nepogodiev SA, Stoddart JF, Williams DJ. Synthetic Cyclic Oligosaccharides-Syntheses and Structural Properties of a Cyclo[(1 → 4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-α-D-mannopyranosyl]trioside and -tetraoside. Chemistry 2006; 2:580-591. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.19960020518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/1995] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
24
|
Khalikova E, Susi P, Korpela T. Microbial dextran-hydrolyzing enzymes: fundamentals and applications. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2005; 69:306-25. [PMID: 15944458 PMCID: PMC1197420 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.69.2.306-325.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Dextran is a chemically and physically complex polymer, breakdown of which is carried out by a variety of endo- and exodextranases. Enzymes in many groups can be classified as dextranases according to function: such enzymes include dextranhydrolases, glucodextranases, exoisomaltohydrolases, exoisomaltotriohydrases, and branched-dextran exo-1,2-alpha-glucosidases. Cycloisomalto-oligosaccharide glucanotransferase does not formally belong to the dextranases even though its side reaction produces hydrolyzed dextrans. A new classification system for glycosylhydrolases and glycosyltransferases, which is based on amino acid sequence similarities, divides the dextranases into five families. However, this classification is still incomplete since sequence information is missing for many of the enzymes that have been biochemically characterized as dextranases. Dextran-degrading enzymes have been isolated from a wide range of microorganisms. The major characteristics of these enzymes, the methods for analyzing their activities and biological roles, analysis of primary sequence data, and three-dimensional structures of dextranases have been dealt with in this review. Dextranases are promising for future use in various scientific and biotechnological applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Khalikova
- Joint Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Finland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Yang C, Yuan DQ, Nogami Y, Fujita K. Per(3-deoxy)-γ-cyclomannin: a non-glucose cyclooligosaccharide featuring inclusion properties. Tetrahedron Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(03)01076-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
26
|
Kawamoto H, Oguma T, Sekine H, Kobayashi M. Utilization of NaCl to suppress the growth of contaminating microbes during the continuous production of cycloisomaltooligosaccharides by immobilized enzyme. Biochem Eng J 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s1369-703x(02)00067-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
27
|
Nishimoto T, Aga H, Mukai K, Hashimoto T, Watanabe H, Kubota M, Fukuda S, Kurimoto M, Tsujisaka Y. Purification and characterization of glucosyltransferase and glucanotransferase involved in the production of cyclic tetrasaccharide in Bacillus globisporus C11. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2002; 66:1806-18. [PMID: 12400677 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.66.1806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Glucosyltransferase and glucanotransferase involved in the production of cyclic tetrasaccharide (CTS; cyclo [-->6]-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->)) from alpha-1,4-glucan were purified from Bacillus globisporus C11. The former was a 1,6-alpha-glucosyltransferase (6GT) catalyzing the a-1,6-transglucosylation of one glucosyl residue to the nonreducing end of maltooligosaccharides (MOS) to produce alpha-isomaltosyl-MOS from MOS. The latter was an isomaltosyl transferase (IMT) catalyzing alpha-1,3-, alpha-1,4-, and alpha,beta-1,1-intermolecular transglycosylation of isomaltosyl residues. When IMT catalyzed alpha-1,3-transglycosylation, alpha-isomaltosyl-(1-->3)-alpha-isomaltosyl-MOS was produced from alpha-isomaltosyl-MOS. In addition, IMT catalyzed cyclization, and produced CTS from alpha-isomaltosyl-(1-->3)-alpha-isomaltosyl-MOS by intramolecular transglycosylation. Therefore, the mechanism of CTS synthesis from MOS by the two enzymes seemed to follow three steps: 1) MOS-->alpha-isomaltosyl-->MOS (by 6GT), 2) alpha-isomaltosyl-MOS-->alpha-isomaltosyl-(1-->3)-alpha-isomaltosyl-MOS (by IMT), and 3) alpha-isomaltosyl-(1-->3)-alpha-isomaltosyl-MOS-->CTS + MOS (by IMT). The molecular mass of 6GT was estimated to be 137 kDa by SDS-PAGE. The optimum pH and temperature for 6GT were pH 6.0 and 45 degrees C, respectively. This enzyme was stable at from pH 5.5 to 10 and on being heated to 40 degrees C for 60 min. 6GT was strongly activated and stabilized by various divalent cations. The molecular mass of IMT was estimated to be 102 kDa by SDS-PAGE. The optimum pH and temperature for IMT were pH 6.0 and 50 degrees C, respectively. This enzyme was stable at from pH 4.5 to 9.0 and on being heated to 40 degrees C for 60 min. Divalent cations had no effect on the stability or activity of this enzyme.
Collapse
|
28
|
Kawai T, Kawakita H, Sugita K, Saito K, Tamada M, Sugo T, Kawamoto H. Conversion of dextran to cycloisomaltooligosaccharides using an enzyme-immobilized porous hollow-fiber membrane. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2002; 50:1073-1076. [PMID: 11853483 DOI: 10.1021/jf010605u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes a cycloisomaltooligosaccharide glucanotransferase (CITase)-multilayer-immobilized porous hollow-fiber membrane used as an enzyme bioreactor. Dextran, a substrate with an average molecular mass of 43000, is converted into seven- to nine-glucose-membered cycloisomaltooligosaccharides, effective as a preventive for dental caries, aided by convective transport of the substrate to the vicinity of the enzyme through the pores. Epoxy-group-containing graft chains were uniformly appended onto the surface of pores throughout a porous hollow-fiber membrane by radiation-induced graft polymerization. Subsequently, a diethylamino group was introduced, as an anion-exchange moiety, to the graft chains, which caused the chains to expand toward the interior of the pores due to mutual electrostatic repulsion. The expanding graft chain provided multilayer binding sites for CITase. Fifty-five milligrams of adsorbed CITase per gram of membrane is equivalent to the degree of multilayer binding of 5. Finally, 80% of the multilayer-adsorbed CITase was immobilized via enzymatic cross-linking with transglutaminase to prevent the leakage of enzymes. CITase, with a degree of multilayer immobilization of 4, produced the target cycloisomaltooligosaccharides at a conversion yield of 55% in weight at 310 K during permeation by the dextran solution at a space velocity defined as the permeation rate divided by membrane volume of 6 per hour.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Kawai
- Department of Materials Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi, Inage, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kawamoto H, Oguma T, Sekine H, Kobayashi M. Immobilization of cycloisomaltooligosaccharide glucanotransferase for the production of cycloisomaltooligosaccharides from dextran. Enzyme Microb Technol 2001; 28:515-521. [PMID: 11267646 DOI: 10.1016/s0141-0229(01)00304-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Immobilization of cycloisomaltooligosaccharide glucanotransferase (CITase) and its application in the production of cycloisomaltooligosaccharides (CIs) from dextran were studied. Among various carrier materials examined, the enzyme adsorbed physically on Chitopearl BCW-3505 showed the highest activity (1.75 U/ml carrier). The activity remaining was 35%. The maximum CI yield in batch reactions at 0.2, 2 and 10% dextran was 28, 24 and 12%, respectively. The maximum CI yield at 2% dextran (24%) was slightly less than that with the free enzyme under the same conditions (26%). The concentration of linear oligosaccharides, the byproducts in the reaction mixture, was greater with the immobilized CITase than the free enzyme. The immobilized CITase was less thermostable than the free enzyme by about 10 degrees C. The pattern of influence of Ca(2+) concentration on the thermostability differed between the free and immobilized CITase. A Ca(2+) concentration of 50-100 mM was optimum for the thermostability of the immobilized CITase, 10-50 mM for the free enzyme. CIs were produced continuously by a column system packed with the immobilized enzyme at 40 degrees C with a space velocity (SV) of 6 h(-1). The three quarters life time was 4 weeks. We think that relatively long life time at fast SV was accomplished and CI production cost by this method should be lower than the batch reaction. This is the first report on immobilization of CITase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Kawamoto
- Noda Institute for Scientific Research, Noda, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Cescutti P, Utille JP, Rizzo R. Host-guest complex formation in cyclotrikis-(1-->6). Carbohydr Res 2000; 329:647-53. [PMID: 11128592 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(00)00217-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The possibility that cyclotrikis-(1-->6)-[alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl] (CGM6) forms inclusion complexes, like cycloamyloses (cyclodextrins), was investigated by means of electrospray mass spectrometry and fluorescence spectroscopy. The complexing ability of both 1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonate (ANS) and 2-p-toluidinylnaphthalene-6-sulfonate (TNS), which were already used with cyclodextrins, was investigated. The former showed very little or no tendency to be complexed by CGM6, while the latter produced detectable adducts with CGM6. Fixed 90 degree angle light scattering experiments supported the findings obtained by molecular modelling calculations, which indicated a polar character for the CGM6 internal cavity. CGM6-TNS complexes were probably formed throughout interaction of the polar regions of the two molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Cescutti
- Dipartimento di Biochimica, Biofisica e Chimica delle Macromolecole, Università di Trieste, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Gattuso
- School of Chemistry, The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Shiroza T, Shinozaki N, Hayakawa M, Fujii T, Oguma T, Kobayashi M, Fukushima K, Abiko Y. Application of the resident plasmid integration technique to construct a strain of Streptococcus godronii able to express the Bacillus circulans cycloisomaltooligosaccharide glucanotransferase gene, and secrete its active gene product. Gene 1998; 207:119-26. [PMID: 9511752 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1119(97)00611-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A novel transformation technique, resident plasmid integration, for the cloning of foreign DNA in oral streptococci was described recently (T. Shiroza and H.K. Kuramitsu, Plasmid 34 (1995) 85-95. This technique is based on the integration of linearized foreign genes by recombination-proficient bacteria onto a resident plasmid, if an appropriate selection marker is flanked by the same anchor sites present in the resident plasmid. Since the transforming vehicles for this system included a pUC-derived replication origin, the high level expression in Escherichia coli cells hindered the cloning of certain genes. In the present study, new plasmids were constructed, two resident plasmids, four integration plasmids, and four cloning plasmids, all of which possess the medium-copy number replication origin, p15A ori, isolated from pACYC177. The resident plasmids consisted of the following three components: the p15A ori (0.65-kb Bg/II fragment), the pVA380-1 basic replicon functional in mutans streptococci (2.5-kb BamHI fragment), and either an erythromycin resistance or a spectinomycin resistance gene (0.9- or 1.1-kb BamHI fragment, respectively). Most of the basic replicon of pVA380-1, except for the 3'-portion of the 0.2-kb region, in the resident plasmid was replaced with a kanamycin resistance gene to construct the four integration plasmids. Therefore, the upstream and downstream anchor sites for the double cross-over event in this new system were 0.65-kb p15A ori and the 0.2-kb portion of the 3'-end of pVA380-1 replicon, respectively. This system was used to clone the gene coding for cycloisomaltooligosaccharide glucanotransferase which produces cycloisomaltooligosaccharide, a potent inhibitor of oral streptococcal glucosyltransferase, isolated from Bacillus circulans chromosome, into Streptococcus gordonii, and its gene product was successfully secreted into the culture media. Plasmids described here should be useful tools for introducing heterologous DNA into resident plasmids following integration in oral streptococci.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Shiroza
- Department of Biochemistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
|
34
|
|
35
|
Koizumi K, Tanimoto T, Kubota Y, Kitahata S. Enzymatic synthesis, isolation, and analysis of novel alpha- and beta-galactosyl-cycloisomalto-octaoses. Carbohydr Res 1997; 305:393-400. [PMID: 9648258 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(97)00181-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Novel branched cycloisomalto-octaoses (CI8s) were enzymatically synthesized by transgalactosylation with alpha-galactosidase from coffee bean and beta-galactosidase preparations from Penicillium multicolor and Bacillus circulans, using melibiose and lactose as donor substrates, and CI8 which is a cyclic homogeneous oligosaccharide composed of eight glucose units bound by alpha-(1-->6)-linkages, as an acceptor. alpha-Galactosyl-CI8s and beta-galactosyl-CI8s obtained were isolated and purified by HPLC. Their structures were elucidated by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDITOFMS) and NMR spectroscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Koizumi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Jina CY, Zhang DD, Oguma T, Qian SX. Studies on novel cyclodextrans: Inclusion of C60 and C70. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01041115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
37
|
Côté GL, Biely P. Enzymically produced cyclic alpha-1,3-linked and alpha-1,6-linked oligosaccharides of D-glucose. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1994; 226:641-8. [PMID: 8001580 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1994.tb20091.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A new type of bacterial enzyme hydrolyzed alternan (Leuconostoc mesenteroides NRRL B-1355 fraction S dextran, an alternating alpha-1,3-alpha-1,6-D-glucan) to give rise to a series of oligosaccharides. The oligosaccharide formed in the greatest proportion was a cyclic tetrasaccharide of D-glucosyl residues linked in an alternating alpha-1,3-alpha-1,6 fashion. Other saccharide products included isomaltose and alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-1,3-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-1,6-D-glucose. Oligosaccharides of higher degrees of polymerization were also formed, and included alpha-D-glucosylated derivatives of the cyclic tetrasaccharide. This is the first report of a naturally produced cyclic tetrasaccharide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G L Côté
- National Center for Agricultural Research, United States Department of Agriculture, Illinois
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kawamura M, Uchiyama T. Purification and some properties of cycloinulo-oligosaccharide fructanotransferase from Bacillus circulans OKUMZ 31B. Carbohydr Res 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(94)84047-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
39
|
Oguma T, Tobe K, Kobayashi M. Purification and properties of a novel enzyme from Bacillus spp. T-3040, which catalyzes the conversion of dextran to cyclic isomaltooligosaccharides. FEBS Lett 1994; 345:135-8. [PMID: 7515357 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(94)00418-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A novel enzyme, cycloisomaltooligosaccharide glucanotransferase (CITase), catalyzes the conversion of dextran to cyclic isomaltooligosaccharides by intramolecular transglucosylation (cyclization reaction). CITase was purified to homogeneity from the culture filtrate of Bacillus sp. T-3040 isolated from soil. The Mr of the enzyme was estimated to be 98,000 by SDS-PAGE. The enzyme catalyzed the cyclization reaction and gave three cyclic isomaltooligosaccharides (cycloisomalto-heptaose, -octase, and -nonaose) at a total yield of about 20%. Coupling and disproportionation reactions were also observed. These results showed that this enzyme is a multi-functional enzyme which catalyzes intramolecular and intermolecular transglucosylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Oguma
- Noda Institute for Scientific Research, Chiba, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|