1
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Kirad S, Puri S, Deepa PR, Sankaranarayanan M. An insight into advances and challenges in the development of potential stearoyl Co-A desaturase 1 inhibitors. RSC Adv 2024; 14:30487-30517. [PMID: 39318456 PMCID: PMC11421311 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra06237j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) is one of the key enzymes involved in lipid metabolism, plays a vital role in the synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) from saturated fatty acids (SFAs). Due to its promising therapeutic potential in treating metabolic disorders, cancers, and skin diseases there is an increasing interest in the development of novel inhibitors against SCD1. This review comprehensively explores the evolution of potential SCD1 inhibitors, focusing on systemic and liver-targeted inhibitors and discusses their structure-activity relationship (SAR) pattern. Among the various small molecules reported, natural products like sterculic acid have emerged as significant SCD1 inhibitors, highlighting the potential of naturally derived compounds in therapeutic development. This review also addresses the challenges in optimizing pharmacokinetic properties and reducing adverse effects, providing insights into the future directions for the development of potential novel SCD1 inhibitors with maximum therapeutic effect and minimum side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Kirad
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani Pilani Campus Pilani-333031 Rajasthan India
| | - Sonakshi Puri
- Biochemistry and Enzyme Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani Pilani Campus Pilani-333031 Rajasthan India
| | - P R Deepa
- Biochemistry and Enzyme Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani Pilani Campus Pilani-333031 Rajasthan India
| | - Murugesan Sankaranarayanan
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani Pilani Campus Pilani-333031 Rajasthan India
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2
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Yao S, Lu H, Zhou T, Jiang Q, Jiang C, Hu W, Li M, Tan CP, Feng Y, Du Q, Shen G, Xiang X, Chen L. Sciadonic acid attenuates high-fat diet-induced bone metabolism disorders in mice. Food Funct 2024; 15:4490-4502. [PMID: 38566566 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo04527g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
High-fat diet (HFD) has been associated with certain negative bone-related outcomes, such as bone metabolism disruption and bone loss. Sciadonic acid (SC), one of the main nutritional and functional components of Torreya grandis seed oil, is a unique Δ5-unsaturated-polymethylene-interrupted fatty acid (Δ5-UPIFA) that has been claimed to counteract such disorders owing to some of its physiological effects. However, the role of SC in ameliorating bone metabolism disorders due to HFD remains unclear. In the present investigation, we observed that SC modulates the OPG/RANKL/RANK signaling pathway by modifying the lipid metabolic state and decreasing inflammation in mice. In turn, it could balance bone resorption and formation as well as calcium and phosphorus levels, enhance bone strength and bone mineral density (BMD), and improve its microstructure. In addition, SC could inhibit fat vacuoles in bone, reverse the phenomenon of reduced numbers and poor continuity of bone trabeculae, and promote orderly arrangement of collagen fibers and cartilage repair. This study provides some theoretical basis for SC as a dietary intervention agent to enhance bone nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Yao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China.
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea Research, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021, China.
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Green, Low-Carbon and Efficient Development of Marine Fishery Resources, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Hongling Lu
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea Research, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021, China.
| | - Tianhuan Zhou
- Zhejiang Forest Resources Monitoring Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310012, China
| | - Qihong Jiang
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea Research, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021, China.
| | - Chenkai Jiang
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea Research, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021, China.
| | - Wenjun Hu
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea Research, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021, China.
| | - Mingqian Li
- Cancer Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310012, China
| | - Chin Ping Tan
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
- Xujing (Hangzhou) Biotechnology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021, China
| | - Yongcai Feng
- Xujing (Hangzhou) Biotechnology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021, China
| | - Qun Du
- Zhejiang Forest Resources Monitoring Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310012, China
| | - Guoxin Shen
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea Research, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021, China.
| | - Xingwei Xiang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China.
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Green, Low-Carbon and Efficient Development of Marine Fishery Resources, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea Research, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021, China.
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3
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Jeong MJ, Kang SA, Yu SN, Ahn SC, Miyoshi SI, Kim HS, Yu HS. Extract of Torreya nucifera Pericarps Exhibits a Parasiticidal Effect on the Nematode Parasite, Trichinella spiralis. J Med Food 2023; 26:624-630. [PMID: 37638801 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2022.k.0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Benzimidazole derivatives can effectively treat nematode parasitic infections; however, some derivatives demand distinct administrative strategies depending on plasma concentration and patient conditions. Numerous studies have examined the potential of natural extracts to exert parasiticidal activity with minimal side effects. Herein, we examined the potential parasiticidal effects of Torreya nucifera extract. The pericarps of T. nucifera were extracted with methanol, dried, and the pellet was dissolved in hot water (Tn-Phw). We designed four individual mouse experiments to clarify the prophylactic and therapeutic effects of Tn-Phw on Trichinella spiralis infection. Also, 100 L1 larvae were isolated and treated with Tn-Phw (10 mg/mL) in vitro to confirm the killing effect. Furthermore, we microscopically examined the morphology of L1 larvae to confirm the parasite-killing effect and analyzed the morphology using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The expression of three molting-related genes was confirmed to determine whether Tn-Phw induced morphological changes in L1 larvae. Following treatment with Tn-Phw, L1 larvae death was observed after 16 h. Following SEM examination, the healthy muscle larvae showed striated ridges and wrinkles; this was not observed in extract-treated muscle larvae. Expression levels of the three molting-related genes did not differ between the Tn-Phw-treated and control groups. T. spiralis-infected mice pretreated with Tn-Phw showed significantly reduced muscle larva infection when compared with control mice. In all experiments, treatment with Tn-Phw afforded preventive and therapeutic effects against T. spiralis infection and parasitism. Natural substances against nematode parasites could be developed as therapeutic agents with few side effects and enhanced parasiticidal efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Jin Jeong
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Shin Ae Kang
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Sun Nyoung Yu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Soon Cheol Ahn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Shin-Ichi Miyoshi
- Department of Sanitary Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Tsushima-Naka, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hye-Sook Kim
- Division of International Infectious Diseases Control, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Tsushima-Naka, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hak Sun Yu
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
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4
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Chen L, Jiang Q, Jiang C, Lu H, Hu W, Yu S, Li M, Tan CP, Feng Y, Xiang X, Shen G. Sciadonic acid attenuates high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice with alterations in the gut microbiota. Food Funct 2023; 14:2870-2880. [PMID: 36883533 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02524h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Obesity has been reported to be associated with dysbiosis of gut microbiota. Sciadonic acid (SC) is one of the main functional components of Torreya grandis "Merrillii" seed oil. However, the effect of SC on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity has not been elucidated. In this study, we evaluated the effects of SC on lipid metabolism and the gut flora in mice fed with a high-fat diet. The results revealed that SC activates the PPARα/SREBP-1C/FAS signaling pathway and reduces the levels of total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerols (TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), but increases the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and inhibits weight gain. Among them, high-dose SC was the most effective; the TC, TG and LDL-C levels were reduced by 20.03%, 28.40% and 22.07%, respectively; the HDL-C level was increased by 8.55%. In addition, SC significantly increased glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels by 98.21% and 35.17%, respectively, decreased oxidative stress, and ameliorated the pathological damage to the liver caused by a high-fat diet. Furthermore, SC treatment altered the composition of the intestinal flora, promoting the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, while simultaneously decreasing the relative abundance of potentially harmful bacteria such as Faecalibaculum, norank_f_Desulfovibrionaceae, and Romboutsia. Spearman's correlation analysis indicated that the gut microbiota was associated with SCFAs and biochemical indicators. In summary, our results suggested that SC can improve lipid metabolism disorders and regulate the gut microbial structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021, China.
| | - Qihong Jiang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Chenkai Jiang
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021, China.
| | - Hongling Lu
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021, China.
| | - Wenjun Hu
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021, China.
| | - Shaofang Yu
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021, China.
| | - Mingqian Li
- Cancer Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310012, China
| | - Chin Ping Tan
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
- Xujing (Hangzhou) Biotechnology Research Institute Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021, China
| | - Yongcai Feng
- Xujing (Hangzhou) Biotechnology Research Institute Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021, China
| | - Xingwei Xiang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Guoxin Shen
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021, China.
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5
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Wen S, Lu Y, Yu N, Nie X, Meng X. Microwave pre‐treatment aqueous enzymatic extraction (
MPAEE
): A case study on the
Torreya grandis
seed kernels oil. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.17115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Wen
- College of Food Science and Technology Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Yuanchao Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Ningxiang Yu
- College of Food Science and Technology Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Xiaohua Nie
- College of Food Science and Technology Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Xianghe Meng
- College of Food Science and Technology Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou Zhejiang China
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6
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Xiao M, Huang M, Huan W, Dong J, Xiao J, Wu J, Wang D, Song L. Effects of Torreya grandis Kernel Oil on Lipid Metabolism and Intestinal Flora in C57BL/6J Mice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:4472751. [PMID: 35464771 PMCID: PMC9023180 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4472751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Recent experimental studies have shown that vegetable oil supplementation ameliorates high-fat diet- (HFD-) induced hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress in mice via modulating hepatic lipid metabolism and the composition of the gut microbiota. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of the Torreya grandis kernel oil (TKO) rich in unpolysaturated fatty acid against hyperlipidemia and gain a deep insight into its potential mechanisms. Methods Normal mice were randomly divided into three groups: ND (normal diet), LO (normal diet supplement with 4% TKO), and HO (normal diet supplement with 8% TKO). Hyperlipidemia mice were randomly divided into two groups: HFN (normal diet) and HFO (normal diet supplement with 8% TKO). Blood biochemistry and histomorphology were observed; liver RNA-seq, metabolomics, and gut 16S rRNA were analyzed. Results Continuous supplementation of TKO in normal mice significantly ameliorated serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and free fatty acid (FFA) accumulation, decreased blood glucose and malondialdehyde (MDA), and enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) levels. According to GO and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, most differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were significantly enriched in the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acid pathways, and significantly changed metabolites (SCMs) might be involved in the metabolism of lipids. High-dose TKO improved gut alpha diversity and beta diversity showing that the microbial community compositions of the five groups were different. Conclusion Supplementation of TKO functions in the prevention of hyperlipidemia via regulating hepatic lipid metabolism and enhancing microbiota richness in normal mice. Our study is the first to reveal the mechanism of TKO regulating blood lipid levels by using multiomics and promote further studies on TKO for their biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Xiao
- The Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Minjie Huang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Weiwei Huan
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Jie Dong
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo-Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Jiasheng Wu
- The Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Deqian Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Lili Song
- The Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
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7
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Wang H, Li Y, Wang R, Ji H, Lu C, Su X. Chinese Torreya grandis cv. Merrillii seed oil affects obesity through accumulation of sciadonic acid and altering the composition of gut microbiota. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2021.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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8
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Song L, Wen S, Ye Q, Lou H, Gao Y, Bajpai VK, Carpena M, Prieto MA, Simal-Gandara J, Xiao J, Meng X, Wu J. Advances on delta 5-unsaturated-polymethylene-interrupted fatty acids: Resources, biosynthesis, and benefits. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:767-789. [PMID: 34397288 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1953960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Though the knowledge on delta 5-unsaturated-polymethylene-interrupted fatty acids (Δ5-UPIFAs) is being updated, the issue of their integration still exists within the field. Thus, this review systematically summarizes the sources, biosynthesis and metabolism, analytical methods, preparation, and health-promoting roles of Δ5-UPIFAs. In plants, the content of Δ5-UPIFAs is higher, which is an ideal source. In animals, although the content of Δ5-UPIFAs is not high, there are many species, which is the possible source of some special Δ5-UPIFAs. At present, although the extraction of Δ5-UPIFAs is mainly from plants, the fermentation by organisms, especially for genetically modified microorganisms engineering maybe be a substitue of pepration of Δ5-UPIFAs. Δ5-UPIFAs have been proved to possess multi-beneficial effects, such as lipid lowering, anti-inflammation and so on, so it has a certain potential application value. However, related knowledge of the underlying molecular mechanisms regarding Δ5-UPIFAs limited, and how Δ5-UPIFAs work is not clear. Further clinical and human studies about Δ5-UPIFAs are also needed. Studies on tapping new resources, developing structured lipide rich in Δ5-UPIFA and enhancing delivery were quite deficient. This review emphasizes the further directions on Δ5-UPIFAs with scientific suggestions to pay more attention to the applications of Δ5-UPIFAs in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Song
- State key laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sisi Wen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qin Ye
- Institute of Food, Zhejiang Agricultural Academy, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Heqiang Lou
- State key laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yadi Gao
- State key laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Vivek K Bajpai
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - María Carpena
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Miguel-Angel Prieto
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain.,International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xianghe Meng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiasheng Wu
- State key laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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9
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Baker EJ, Miles EA, Calder PC. A review of the functional effects of pine nut oil, pinolenic acid and its derivative eicosatrienoic acid and their potential health benefits. Prog Lipid Res 2021; 82:101097. [PMID: 33831456 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2021.101097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Pine nut oil (PNO) is rich in a variety of unusual delta-5-non-methylene-interrupted fatty acids (NMIFAs), including pinolenic acid (PLA; all cis-5,-9,-12 18:3) which typically comprises 14 to 19% of total fatty acids. PLA has been shown to be metabolised to eicosatrienoic acid (ETA; all cis-7,-11,-14 20:3) in various cells and tissues. Here we review the literature on PNO, PLA and its metabolite ETA in the context of human health applications. PNO and PLA have a range of favourable effects on body weight as well as fat deposition through increased energy expenditure (fatty acid oxidation) and decreased food energy intake (reduced appetite). PNO and PLA improve blood and hepatic lipids in animal models and insulin sensitivity in vitro and reduce inflammation and modulate immune function in vitro and in animal models. The few studies which have examined effects of ETA indicate it has anti-inflammatory properties. Another NMIFA from PNO, sciadonic acid (all cis-5,-11,-14 20:3), has generally similar properties to PLA where these have been investigated. There is potential for human health benefits from PNO, its constituent NMIFA PLA and the PLA derivative ETA. However further studies are needed to explore the effects in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella J Baker
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.
| | - Elizabeth A Miles
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Philip C Calder
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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10
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Siddiqui AJ, Danciu C, Ashraf SA, Moin A, Singh R, Alreshidi M, Patel M, Jahan S, Kumar S, Alkhinjar MIM, Badraoui R, Snoussi M, Adnan M. Plants-Derived Biomolecules as Potent Antiviral Phytomedicines: New Insights on Ethnobotanical Evidences against Coronaviruses. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9091244. [PMID: 32967179 PMCID: PMC7570315 DOI: 10.3390/plants9091244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) is in focus over all known human diseases, because it is destroying the world economy and social life, with increased mortality rate each day. To date, there is no specific medicine or vaccine available against this pandemic disease. However, the presence of medicinal plants and their bioactive molecules with antiviral properties might also be a successful strategy in order to develop therapeutic agents against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Thus, this review will summarize the available literature and other information/data sources related to antiviral medicinal plants, with possible ethnobotanical evidence in correlation with coronaviruses. The identification of novel antiviral compounds is of critical significance, and medicinal plant based natural compounds are a good source for such discoveries. In depth search and analysis revealed several medicinal plants with excellent efficacy against SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV, which are well-known to act on ACE-2 receptor, 3CLpro and other viral protein targets. In this review, we have consolidated the data of several medicinal plants and their natural bioactive metabolites, which have promising antiviral activities against coronaviruses with detailed modes of action/mechanism. It is concluded that this review will be useful for researchers worldwide and highly recommended for the development of naturally safe and effective therapeutic drugs/agents against SARS-CoV-2 infection, which might be used in therapeutic protocols alone or in combination with chemically synthetized drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Jamal Siddiqui
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail PO Box 2440, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (R.B.); (M.S.); (M.A.)
- Correspondence: (A.J.S.); (C.D.); Tel.: +40-744-648-855 (C.D.)
| | - Corina Danciu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Correspondence: (A.J.S.); (C.D.); Tel.: +40-744-648-855 (C.D.)
| | - Syed Amir Ashraf
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail PO Box 2440, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Afrasim Moin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail PO Box 2440, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ritu Singh
- Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Earth Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan 305817, India;
| | - Mousa Alreshidi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail PO Box 2440, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (R.B.); (M.S.); (M.A.)
| | - Mitesh Patel
- Bapalal Vaidya Botanical Research Centre, Department of Biosciences, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat, Gujarat 395007, India;
| | - Sadaf Jahan
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majma’ah 15341, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi 835205, India;
| | - Mulfi I. M. Alkhinjar
- Saudi Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Al Aarid, King Abdulaziz Rd, Riyadh 13354, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Riadh Badraoui
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail PO Box 2440, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (R.B.); (M.S.); (M.A.)
- Section of Histology-Cytology, Medicine College of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, La Rabta-Tunis 1007, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Histo-Embryology and Cytogenetic, Medicine College of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3029, Tunisia
| | - Mejdi Snoussi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail PO Box 2440, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (R.B.); (M.S.); (M.A.)
- Laboratory of Genetics, Biodiversity and Valorization of Bio-Resources, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Mohd Adnan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail PO Box 2440, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (R.B.); (M.S.); (M.A.)
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Pédrono F, Boulier-Monthéan N, Boissel F, Ossemond J, Viel R, Fautrel A, Marchix J, Dupont D. Sciadonic acid derived from pine nuts as a food component to reduce plasma triglycerides by inhibiting the rat hepatic Δ9-desaturase. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6223. [PMID: 32277113 PMCID: PMC7148351 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63301-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sciadonic acid (Scia) is a Δ5-olefinic fatty acid that is particularly abundant in edible pine seeds and that exhibits an unusual polymethylene-interrupted structure. Earlier studies suggested that Scia inhibited the in vitro expression and activity of the Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase 1 (SCD1), the hepatic Δ9-desaturase involved in the formation of mono-unsaturated fatty acids. To confirm this hypothesis, rats were given 10% Scia in diets balanced out with n-6 and n-3 fatty acids. In those animals receiving the Scia supplement, monoene synthesis in the liver was reduced, which was partly attributed to the inhibition of SCD1 expression. As a consequence, the presence of Scia induced a 50% decrease in triglycerides in blood plasma due to a reduced level of VLDL-secreted triglycerides from the liver. In non-fasting conditions, results showed that Scia-induced inhibition of SCD1 led to a decrease in the proportions of 16:1n-7 and 18:1n-7 in the liver without impacting on the level of 18:1n-9, suggesting that only triglycerides with neosynthesized monoenes are marked out for release. In conclusion, this in vivo study confirms that Scia highly inhibits SCD1 expression and activity. The work was performed on normo-triglyceride rats over six weeks, suggesting promising effects on hyper-triglyceridemic models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédérique Pédrono
- AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Rennes, France. .,INRAE Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Œuf, équipe Bioactivité et Nutrition, Rennes, France.
| | - Nathalie Boulier-Monthéan
- AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Rennes, France.,INRAE Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Œuf, équipe Bioactivité et Nutrition, Rennes, France
| | - Françoise Boissel
- AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Rennes, France.,INRAE Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Œuf, équipe Séchage, Matrices concentrées et Fonctionnalités, Rennes, France
| | - Jordane Ossemond
- INRAE Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Œuf, équipe Bioactivité et Nutrition, Rennes, France
| | - Roselyne Viel
- Université de Rennes1, Inserm, CNRS, Plateforme d'histopathologie H2P2, Biosit, Biogenouest, Rennes, France
| | - Alain Fautrel
- Université de Rennes1, Inserm, CNRS, Plateforme d'histopathologie H2P2, Biosit, Biogenouest, Rennes, France
| | - Justine Marchix
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati, United States
| | - Didier Dupont
- INRAE Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Œuf, équipe Bioactivité et Nutrition, Rennes, France
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12
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Guo S, Zhao Z, Liu L, Li Z, Shen J. Comparative Transcriptome Analyses Uncover Key Candidate Genes Mediating Flight Capacity in Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) and Bactrocera correcta (Bezzi) (Diptera: Tephritidae). Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E396. [PMID: 29385681 PMCID: PMC5855618 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Flight capacity is important for invasive pests during entry, establishment and spreading. Both Bactroceradorsalis Hendel and Bactroceracorrecta Bezzi are invasive fruit flies but their flight capacities differ. Here, a tethered flight mill test demonstrated that B. dorsalis exhibits a greater flight capacity than B. correcta. RNA-Seq was used to determine the transcriptomic differences associated with the flight capacity of two Bactrocera species. Transcriptome data showed that 6392 unigenes were differentially expressed between the two species in the larval stage, whereas in the adult stage, 4104 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in females, and 3445 DEGs were observed in males. The flight capacity appeared to be correlated with changes in the transcriptional levels of genes involved in wing formation, flight muscle structure, energy metabolism, and hormonal control. Using RNA interference (RNAi) to verify the function of one DEG, the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), we confirmed the role of this gene in regulating wing development, and thereby flight capacity, in both species. This work reveals the flight mechanism of fruit flies and provides insight into fundamental transcriptomics for further studies on the flight performance of insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaokun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for Monitoring and Green Management of Crop Pests, Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Zihua Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for Monitoring and Green Management of Crop Pests, Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Lijun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for Monitoring and Green Management of Crop Pests, Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Zhihong Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for Monitoring and Green Management of Crop Pests, Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jie Shen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for Monitoring and Green Management of Crop Pests, Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Pédrono F, Boulier-Monthéan N, Boissel F, Ossemond J, Lohézic-Le Dévéhat F. The Hypotriglyceridemic Effect of Sciadonic Acid is Mediated by the Inhibition of Δ9-Desaturase Expression and Activity. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frédérique Pédrono
- Agrocampus Ouest; Rennes France
- UMR INRA 1253; Science et Technologie du Lait et de l’Œuf; équipe Bioactivité et Nutrition; Rennes France
| | - Nathalie Boulier-Monthéan
- Agrocampus Ouest; Rennes France
- UMR INRA 1253; Science et Technologie du Lait et de l’Œuf; équipe Bioactivité et Nutrition; Rennes France
| | - Françoise Boissel
- Agrocampus Ouest; Rennes France
- UMR INRA 1253; Science et Technologie du Lait et de l’Œuf; équipe Bioactivité et Nutrition; Rennes France
| | - Jordane Ossemond
- UMR INRA 1253; Science et Technologie du Lait et de l’Œuf; équipe Bioactivité et Nutrition; Rennes France
| | - Françoise Lohézic-Le Dévéhat
- UMR CNRS 6226; Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes; équipe Produits Naturels; Synthèse et Chimie Médicinale; UFR Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques; Université de Rennes 1; Rennes France
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14
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He Z, Zhu H, Li W, Zeng M, Wu S, Chen S, Qin F, Chen J. Chemical components of cold pressed kernel oils from different Torreya grandis cultivars. Food Chem 2016; 209:196-202. [PMID: 27173552 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The chemical compositions of cold pressed kernel oils of seven Torreya grandis cultivars from China were analyzed in this study. The contents of the chemical components of T. grandis kernels and kernel oils varied to different extents with the cultivar. The T. grandis kernels contained relatively high oil and protein content (45.80-53.16% and 10.34-14.29%, respectively). The kernel oils were rich in unsaturated fatty acids including linoleic (39.39-47.77%), oleic (30.47-37.54%) and eicosatrienoic acid (6.78-8.37%). The kernel oils contained some abundant bioactive substances such as tocopherols (0.64-1.77mg/g) consisting of α-, β-, γ- and δ-isomers; sterols including β-sitosterol (0.90-1.29mg/g), campesterol (0.06-0.32mg/g) and stigmasterol (0.04-0.18mg/g) in addition to polyphenols (9.22-22.16μgGAE/g). The results revealed that the T. grandis kernel oils possessed the potentially important nutrition and health benefits and could be used as oils in the human diet or functional ingredients in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China.
| | - Haidong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Wangling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Maomao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Shengfang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Shangwei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Fang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China.
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Effects of Non-Methylene-Interrupted Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid, Sciadonic (All-cis-5,11,14-eicosatrienoic Acid) on Lipid Metabolism in Rats. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 73:577-81. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.80646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Chen SJ, Huang WC, Yang TT, Lu JH, Chuang LT. Incorporation of sciadonic acid into cellular phospholipids reduces pro-inflammatory mediators in murine macrophages through NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:3687-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Revised: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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