1
|
Naseer M, Poola S, Uraz S, Tahan V. Therapeutic Effects of Prebiotics on Constipation: A Schematic Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 15:207-215. [PMID: 32048977 DOI: 10.2174/1574884715666200212125035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Constipation is a highly prevalent functional gastrointestinal disorder that may significantly affect the quality of life and health care costs. Treatment for constipation has been broadly reviewed by cognitive therapies, medications, and surgical interventions. Gut microbiota such as Bifidobacterium, Clostridium, Bacteroidetes, and Lactobacilli have been demonstrated in functional gastrointestinal disorders and prebiotics to play a role in augmenting their presence. Prebiotics are ingredients in foods that remain undigested, stimulating the bacteria. There are a variety of prebiotics; however, there exists only a handful of studies that describe their efficacy for chronic constipation. The purpose of this study is to review the available literature on the utility of different commercially available prebiotics in patients with functional and chronic idiopathic constipation. To fulfil the objectives of the study, published articles in the English language on databases such as Pubmed, Ovid Medline, and EMBASE were searched. The terms prebiotics, constipation, chronic constipation, functional constipation were used. We reviewed and included 21 randomized controlled trials exploring the role of prebiotics in constipated adults. Prebiotics are effective treatments for chronic idiopathic constipation and showed improvement in the stool consistency, number of bowel moments and bloating. Although which prebiotic formulary would promote improved symptoms of constipation is still not clear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maliha Naseer
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, United States
| | - Shiva Poola
- Department of Internal and Pediatric Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, United States
| | - Suleyman Uraz
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Veysel Tahan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Arreola S, Intanon M, Wongputtisin P, Kosma P, Haltrich D, Nguyen TH. Transferase Activity of Lactobacillal and Bifidobacterial β-Galactosidases with Various Sugars as Galactosyl Acceptors. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:2604-2611. [PMID: 26975338 PMCID: PMC4819807 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b06009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The β-galactosidases from Lactobacillus reuteri L103 (Lreuβgal), Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus DSM 20081 (Lbulβgal), and Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20281 (Bbreβgal-I and Bbreβgal-II) were investigated in detail with respect to their propensity to transfer galactosyl moieties onto lactose, its hydrolysis products D-glucose and D-galactose, and certain sugar acceptors such as N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc), N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc), and L-fucose (Fuc) under defined, initial velocity conditions. The rate constants or partitioning ratios (kNu/kwater) determined for these different acceptors (termed nucleophiles, Nu) were used as a measure for the ability of a certain substance to act as a galactosyl acceptor of these β-galactosidases. When using Lbulβgal or Bbreβgal-II, the galactosyl transfer to GlcNAc was 6 and 10 times higher than that to lactose, respectively. With lactose and GlcNAc used in equimolar substrate concentrations, Lbulβgal and Bbreβgal-II catalyzed the formation of N-acetyl-allolactosamine with the highest yields of 41 and 24%, respectively, as calculated from the initial GlcNAc concentration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheryl
Lozel Arreola
- Food
Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU − University of Natural Resources and
Life Sciences, Muthgasse
18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of the Philippines
Los Baños, College, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Montira Intanon
- Food
Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU − University of Natural Resources and
Life Sciences, Muthgasse
18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
- Department
of Veterinary Bioscience and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of
Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pairote Wongputtisin
- Food
Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU − University of Natural Resources and
Life Sciences, Muthgasse
18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
- Faculty
of Science, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Paul Kosma
- Division
of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, BOKU − University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dietmar Haltrich
- Food
Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU − University of Natural Resources and
Life Sciences, Muthgasse
18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thu-Ha Nguyen
- Food
Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU − University of Natural Resources and
Life Sciences, Muthgasse
18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Causes of the Production of Multiple Forms of β-Galactosidase byBacillus circulans. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 75:268-78. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.100574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
4
|
Production of galactooligosaccharides and heterooligosaccharides with disrupted cell extracts and whole cells of lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria. Int Dairy J 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2011.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
5
|
Bridiau N, Maugard T. A comparative study of the regioselectivity of the β-galactosidases from Kluyveromyces lactis and Bacillus circulans in the enzymatic synthesis of N-Acetyl-lactosamine in aqueous media. Biotechnol Prog 2011; 27:386-94. [PMID: 21344676 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2010] [Revised: 09/07/2010] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The enzymatic synthesis of N-acetyl-lactosamine (LacNAc) was studied in aqueous media with high substrate concentrations using the transgalactosylation of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc), starting from lactose as a galactosyl donor. The efficiency and regioselectivity of the β-galactosidases from Kluyveromyces lactis (KlβGal) and Bacillus circulans (BcβGal) were compared. The reaction was optimized by varying the experimental conditions (pH, catalytic activity concentration, and mass concentration ratio of the substrates), which enhanced the synthesis yields with both enzymes and especially with BcβGal. BcβGal catalyzed the formation of the maximal LacNAc concentration obtained (101 mM or 39 g L(-1), corresponding to a yield of 11% on the basis of GlcNAc conversion), after 5 h at pH 6.5 and for a substrate mass concentration ratio of 1. This enzyme also gave an optimal synthesis yield of about 17.5%. No change in regioselectivity was observed when using KlβGal, whereas the regioselectivity of BcβGal proved to be subject to variations, the 1-4 and 1-6 linkages being favored under kinetic and thermodynamic control conditions, respectively. Finally, it was demonstrated that the N-acetyl-allolactosamine synthesized during the GlcNAc transgalactosylation catalyzed by BcβGal was a thermodynamic product and did not result from a chemical and/or enzymatic isomerization of LacNAc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Bridiau
- UMR 6250 CNRS-ULR, LIENSS, Equipe Biotechnologie Environnementale, Université de La Rochelle, Avenue Michel Crépeau, 17042 La Rochelle, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bridiau N, Issaoui N, Maugard T. The effects of organic solvents on the efficiency and regioselectivity of N-acetyl-lactosamine synthesis, using the β-galactosidase from Bacillus circulans in hydro-organic media. Biotechnol Prog 2011; 26:1278-89. [PMID: 20568279 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The enzymatic synthesis of N-acetyl-lactosamine (LacNAc) by the transgalactosylation of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc), catalyzed by the β-galactosidase from Bacillus circulans (BcβGal), was studied in hydro-organic media, starting from o-nitrophenyl-β-D-galactopyranoside (oNPG) as a galactosyl donor. Thermal stability and synthesis activity of BcβGal were shown to depend on the organic solvent polarity, characterized by its Log P value. BcβGal was thus most stable in 10% (v/v) t-BuOH, an organic solvent found to have a stabilizing and/or weakly denaturing property, which was confirmed for high t-BuOH concentrations. In the same manner, the optimal synthesis yield increased as the Log P value of the organic solvent increased. The best results were obtained for reactions carried out in 10% (v/v) pyridine or 2-methyl-2-butanol, which gave 47% GlcNAc transgalactosylation yield based on starting oNPG, of which 23% (11 mM; 4.3 g/L) consisted in LacNAc synthesis. Furthermore, it was also established that both the GlcNAc transgalactosylation yield and the enzyme regioselectivity depended on the percentage of organic solvent used, the optimal percentage varying from 10 to 40% (v/v), depending on the solvent. This phenomenon was found to correlate mainly with the thermodynamic activity of water (a(w)) in the aqueous organic solvent mixture, which was found to be optimal when close to 0.96, whatever the organic solvent used. Finally, this study highlighted the fact that the regioselectivity of BcβGal for 1-4 linkage formation could be advantageously managed by controlling the a(w) parameter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Bridiau
- UMR 6250 CNRS-ULR, LIENSS, Equipe Biotechnologie Environnementale, Université de La Rochelle, La Rochelle 17042, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
|
8
|
Yu H, Chen X. Aldolase-Catalyzed Synthesis of β-d-Galp-(1→9)-d-KDN: A Novel Acceptor for Sialyltransferases. Org Lett 2006; 8:2393-6. [PMID: 16706534 DOI: 10.1021/ol060736m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] beta-D-Galp-(1-->9)-D-KDN, a disaccharide component of the cell wall of Streptomyces sp. MB-8, was synthesized from beta-D-Galp-(1-->6)-D-Manp and pyruvate using a sialic acid aldolase. The obtained KDN-containing compound was a novel acceptor for bacterial sialyltransferases. Unusual alpha2,3- and alpha2,6-linked sialyltrisaccharides and a tetrasaccharide were synthesized using a one-pot two-enzyme system containing a Neisseria meningitidis CMP-sialic acid synthetase and a Pasteurella multocida sialyltransferase or a Photobacterium damsela alpha2,6-sialyltransferase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, 95616, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sakai F, Ikeuchi Y, Urashima T, Fujihara M, Ohtsuki K, Yanahira S. Effects of Feeding Sialyllactose and Galactosylated N-Acetylneuraminic Acid on Swimming Learning Ability and Brain Lipid Composition in Adult Rats. J Appl Glycosci (1999) 2006. [DOI: 10.5458/jag.53.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
|
10
|
Yamamoto Y, Saito T, Ajisaka K. Study of the Regioselectivity in the Transglycosylation to D-Galactose Derivatives Using .BETA.-Galactosidases of Various Origins. J Appl Glycosci (1999) 2004. [DOI: 10.5458/jag.51.335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
|
11
|
Eneyskaya EV, Brumer H, Backinowsky LV, Ivanen DR, Kulminskaya AA, Shabalin KA, Neustroev KN. Enzymatic synthesis of beta-xylanase substrates: transglycosylation reactions of the beta-xylosidase from Aspergillus sp. Carbohydr Res 2003; 338:313-25. [PMID: 12559729 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(02)00467-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A beta-D-xylosidase with molecular mass of 250+/-5 kDa consisting of two identical subunits was purified to homogeneity from a cultural filtrate of Aspergillus sp. The enzyme manifested high transglycosylation activity in transxylosylation with p-nitrophenyl beta-D-xylopyranoside (PNP-X) as substrate, resulting in regio- and stereoselective synthesis of p-nitrophenyl (PNP) beta-(1-->4)-D-xylooligosaccharides with dp 2-7. All transfer products were isolated from the reaction mixtures by HPLC and their structures established by electrospray mass spectrometry and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The glycosides synthesised, beta-Xyl-1-->(4-beta-Xyl-1-->)(n)4-beta-Xyl-OC6H4NO2-p (n=1-5), were tested as chromogenic substrates for family 10 beta-xylanase from Aspergillus orizae (XynA) and family 11 beta-xylanase I from Trichoderma reesei (XynT) by reversed-phase HPLC and UV-spectroscopy techniques. The action pattern of XynA against the foregoing PNP beta-(1-->4)-D-xylooligosaccharides differed from that of XynT in that the latter released PNP mainly from short PNP xylosides (dp 2-3) while the former liberated PNP from the entire set of substrates synthesised.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Eneyskaya
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Science, Molecular and Radiation Biology Division, Gatchina, 188350, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Attolino E, Catelani G, D'Andrea F, Puccioni L. Chemical transformation of lactose into 4-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-D-glucuronic acid (pseudolactobiouronic acid) and some derivatives thereof. Carbohydr Res 2002; 337:991-6. [PMID: 12039539 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(02)00084-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The selective oxidation of the primary alcoholic function of the reducing unit of lactose was achieved in good overall yield (67%) starting from 2',6'-di-O-benzyl-2,3:3',4'-di-O-isopropylidenelactose dimethyl acetal (1) through a simple multi-step procedure based on the selective acetylation of OH-5 of 1 (methoxyisopropylation, acetylation, de-methoxyisopropylation) followed by a two-step oxidation at C-6 (TPAP-NMO then TEMPO-NaOCl) and finally, complete removal of the protecting groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Attolino
- Dipartimento di Chimica Bioorganica e Biofarmacia, Università degli Studi di Pisa, via Bonanno, 33, Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sheridan PP, Brenchley JE. Characterization of a salt-tolerant family 42 beta-galactosidase from a psychrophilic antarctic Planococcus isolate. Appl Environ Microbiol 2000; 66:2438-44. [PMID: 10831422 PMCID: PMC110553 DOI: 10.1128/aem.66.6.2438-2444.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We isolated a gram-positive, halotolerant psychrophile from a hypersaline pond located on the McMurdo Ice Shelf in Antarctica. A phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of this organism showed that it is a member of the genus Planococcus. This assignment is consistent with the morphology and physiological characteristics of the organism. A gene encoding a beta-galactosidase in this isolate was cloned in an Escherichia coli host. Sequence analysis of this gene placed it in glycosidase family 42 most closely related to an enzyme from Bacillus circulans. Even though an increasing number of family 42 glycosidase sequences are appearing in databases, little information about the biochemical features of these enzymes is available. Therefore, we purified and characterized this enzyme. The purified enzyme did not appear to have any metal requirement, had an optimum pH of 6.5 and an optimum temperature of activity at 42 degrees C, and was irreversibly inactivated within 10 min when it was incubated at 55 degrees C. The enzyme had an apparent K(m) of 4.9 micromol of o-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside, and the V(max) was 467 micromol of o-nitrophenol produced/min/mg of protein at 39 degrees C. Of special interest was the finding that the enzyme remained active at high salt concentrations, which makes it a possible reporter enzyme for halotolerant and halophilic organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P P Sheridan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
|