Hypoglycemic effect of a hot-water extract from defatted sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) seed on the blood glucose level in genetically diabetic KK-Ay mice

New Anti-Glycative Lignans from the Defatted Seeds of Sesamum indicum

Seven known analogs, along with two previously undescribed lignan derivatives sesamlignans A (1) and B (2), were isolated from a water-soluble extract of the defatted sesame seeds (Sesamum indicum L.) by applying the chromatographic separation method. Structures of compounds 1 and 2 were elucidated based on extensive interpretation of 1D, 2D NMR, and HRFABMS spectroscopic data. The absolute configurations were established by analyzing the optical rotation and circular dichroism (CD) spectrum. Inhibitory effects against the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and peroxynitrite (ONOO^-) scavenging assays were performed to evaluate the anti-glycation effects of all isolated compounds. Among the isolated compounds, (1) and (2) showed potent inhibition towards AGEs formation, with IC₅₀ values of 7.5 ± 0.3 and 9.8 ± 0.5 μM, respectively. Furthermore, the new aryltetralin-type lignan 1 exhibited the most potent activity when tested in the in vitro ONOO^- scavenging assay.

Evaluation of White Sesame Seed Oil on Glucose Control and Biomarkers of Hepatic, Cardiac, and Renal Functions in Male Sprague-Dawley Rats with Chemically Induced Diabetes

White sesame seed oil (WSSO) has been used in cooking and food preparations for centuries. It has many purported health benefits and may be a promising nutraceutical. The primary purpose of this study was to examine the effects of WSSO on fasting blood glucose (GLU) and insulin (INS) in male Sprague-Dawley rats with chemically induced diabetes. A secondary aim was to explore other hematological biomarkers of hepatic, cardiac, and renal function. Sixty-three male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into standard diet groups, normal control (NCON) (n = 21) and diabetic control (DCON) (n = 21), and a diabetic sesame oil (DSO) (n = 21) group, which were fed a diet containing 12% WSSO. Blood samples were analyzed at 0, 30, and 60 days. Differences between groups and across days were assessed with two-way repeated measures analysis of variance. At baseline, GLU and INS were similar in both diabetic groups, mean 248.4 ± 2.8 mg/dL and mean 23.4 ± 0.4 μU/mL, respectively. At 60 days, GLU was significantly (P < .05) higher in DCON (298.0 ± 2.3 mg/dL) compared with DSO (202.1 ± 1.0 mg/dL). INS showed similar favorable trends after WSSO supplementation. Consumption of WSSO significantly improved glucose control and other biomarkers of hepatic stress, as well as cardiac and renal health. WSSO may be a viable functional food to help reduce the detrimental effects of diabetes.

HPLC analysis and cell surface receptor binding activities of the crude aqueous and methanolic extract of Sesamum indicum

OBJECTIVE

To identify the possible functional molecules for therapeutic uses by screening the crude aqueous and methanolic extracts derived from sesame seeds (Sesamum indicum) in vitro.

METHODS

High performance liquid chromatography was used to scan the functional molecules present in the extracts.

RESULTS

The crude aqueous extracts showed the possibilities to present caffeine and cetirizine or its derivatives like molecules. On the other hand, the crude methanolic extract may contain Loratadine or its derivatives like molecules. Both type of extracts showed hemagglutination inhibition activities in all types of human blood samples tested. However, they showed stronger binding with AB+ blood group than those of A+ and B+ blood.

CONCLUSIONS

Sesame seeds may be considered as a functional food.

Anti-diabetic effects of lactic acid bacteria in normal and type 2 diabetic mice

The antidiabetic effects of lactic acid bacteria were investigated using mice. In Experiment 1, normal ICR mice were loaded with sucrose or starch with or without viable Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG cells. GG significantly inhibited postprandial blood glucose levels when administered with sucrose or starch. In Experiment 2, KK-A^y mice, a model of genetic type 2 diabetes, were given a basal diet containing viable GG cells or viable Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus cells for 6 weeks. Viable GG cells significantly inhibited fasting blood glucose, postprandial blood glucose in a glucose tolerance test and HbA1c. Such effects were not shown by viable L. bulgaricus cells. In Experiment 3, the KK-A^y mice were given a basal diet containing viable GG cells or heat-treated GG cells for 3 weeks. The viable GG cells significantly suppressed fasting blood glucose and impaired glucose tolerance, but the heat-treated GG showed no effects. These results demonstrated that GG decreased the postprandial blood glucose in ICR mice, and that the antidiabetic activity of lactic acid bacteria on the KK-A^y mice differed depending on the bacterial strain and whether the bacterium is viable when it arrives in the intestine. In the present study, we conclude that the antidiabetic activity may result from continuous inhibition of the postprandial blood glucose through suppression of glucose absorption from the intestine. These findings indicate that specific strains of lactic acid bacterium can be expected to be beneficial for the management of type 2 diabetes.

(+)-Pinoresinol is a putative hypoglycemic agent in defatted sesame (Sesamum indicum) seeds though inhibiting α-glucosidase

Defatted sesame seeds have been reported for hypoglycemic effect in mice and T2DM women. An attempted to identify active components responsible for this effect was conducted using α-glucosidase-guided fractionation, resulting in the isolation of various lignans. Of compounds isolated, only (+)-pinoresinol showed inhibitory activity against rat intestinal maltase with an IC(50) value of 34.3 μM. The kinetic study indicated that enzymatic hydrolysis of maltose is inhibited by (+)-pinoresinol through competitive and noncompetitive manners. However, a lower dissociation constant (k(i) 288 M) of EI complex suggested that competitive inhibition is predominant over noncompetitive mode (k'(i) 1342 M).

Hypoglycemic activity of Eriobotrya japonica seeds in type 2 diabetic rats and mice

The hypoglycemic effects of Eriobotrya japonica seeds were investigated in type 2 diabetic Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima fatty (OLETF) rats and KK-A(y) mice. The rats and mice were fed on a diet containing 10% powdered Eriobotrya japonica seeds with the coat intact for 4 months. Although the blood glucose concentration in the OLETF rats fed on the control diet without Eriobotrya japonica seeds was increased with time, the concentration in the OLETF rats fed on the diet with Eriobotrya japonica seeds was consistently low throughout the experimental period and was comparable to the level in Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rats which are normal non-diabetic rats. Serum insulin was significantly lower in the OLETF rats fed on the Eriobotrya japonica seed diet than in those fed on the control diet at the termination of the experimental period. Eriobotrya japonica seeds suppressed the increment of blood glucose for 4 months and also effectively improved the glucose tolerance in the KK-A(y) mice, these actions being mainly exerted by the ethanol extract of the seeds. These results suggest that Eriobotrya japonica seeds had a hypoglycemic property and the effect is attributable to the components extracted by ethanol.

Bioactive constituents from chinese natural medicines. XXIV. Hypoglycemic effects of Sinocrassula indica in sugar-loaded rats and genetically diabetic KK-A(y) mice and structures of new acylated flavonol glycosides, sinocrassosides A(1), A(2), B(1), and B(2)

The methanolic extract from the whole plant of Sinocrassula indica (Crassulaceae) was found to inhibit the increase in serum glucose levels in oral administration of sucrose and glucose in rats at a dose of 250 mg/kg (p.o.). However, the extract did not inhibit the increase in serum glucose levels after intraperitoneal administration of glucose in these animals but did partly inhibit the gastric emptying. On the other hand, this extract significantly inhibited the increase in serum glucose levels after administration for 2 weeks in KK-A(y) mice, a genetically type II diabetic mice, at a dose of 250 mg/kg/d (p.o.) without significant changes of the weights of body, liver, and visceral fat. From the extract, four new acylated flavonol glycosides, sinocrassosides A(1), A(2), B(1), and B(2), were isolated together with 11 flavonoids and 2 megastigmanes. The absolute stereostructures of the four new compounds were elucidated on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence.

Ayurveda and gynecological disorders

The science of life--Ayurveda is practiced in India since time immemorial. Besides being cheap and easily available Ayurvedic drugs are considered safe. Moreover, there is surge in the interest in Ayurveda due to quest of alternative medicines. Many of the gynecological disorders being not reported to the physicians, are treated with household remedies in India. The science of Ayurveda deals with these issues in a systematic manner as evident from the classification of diseases available and the number of plant drugs or the combinations thereof available for the treatment. In the present article, Ayurvedic herbal formulations and single plant drugs used traditionally in treatment of gynecological disorders are described.