Isolation and identification of dihydrochrysanolide and its 1-epimer from Chrysanthemum coronarium L

Exploring the Biological and Phytochemical Potential of Jordan's Flora: A Review and Update of Eight Selected Genera from Mediterranean Region

Jordan's flora is known for its rich diversity, with a grand sum of 2978 plant species that span 142 families and 868 genera across four different zones. Eight genera belonging to four different plant families have been recognized for their potential natural medicinal properties within the Mediterranean region. These genera include Chrysanthemum L., Onopordum Vaill. Ex. L., Phagnalon Cass., and Senecio L. from the Asteraceae family, in addition to Clematis L. and Ranunculus L. from the Ranunculaceae family, Anchusa L. from the Boraginaceae family, and Eryngium L. from the Apiaceae family. The selected genera show a wide variety of secondary metabolites with encouraging pharmacological characteristics including antioxidant, antibacterial, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, anti-ulcer, and neuroprotective actions. Further research on these genera and their extracts will potentially result in the formulation of novel and potent natural pharmaceuticals. Overall, Jordan's rich flora provides a valuable resource for exploring and discovering new plant-based medicines.

The First Phytochemical Investigation of Artemisia divaricate: Sesquiterpenes and Their Anti-Inflammatory Activity

Artemisia divaricate belongs to the Artemisia genus of the family of Compositae, a sort of perennial herb endemic in most regions of China. For the first time, a phytochemical investigation was carried out on the whole plant of Artemisia divaricate, resulting in the identification of 39 sesquiterpenes, with 9 of them being new (1-9). The structures of the new compounds were fully established using extensive analysis of MS and 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data and density functional theory (DFT) NMR calculations. Their structures involve germacrane, eudesmane, and bisabolane types. All the new isolates were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activities in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine macrophages of RAW 264.7 cells. Compounds 2 and 8 showed a significant inhibition effect on NO production, with IC₅₀ values of 5.35 ± 0.75 and 7.68 ± 0.54 µM, respectively.

Studies on the sesquiterpene lactones from Laurus novocanariensis lead to the clarification of the structures of 1-epi-tatridin B and its epimer tatridin B

The germacranolide 1-epi-tatridin B has been isolated from the aerial parts of Laurus novocanariensis. We have observed that the identification of this lactone and its epimer tetradin B in the scientific literature is confusing and contradictory. We have therefore studied this issue clarifying errors and contributing to the structural elucidation of other related products. Moreover, we have isolated from this plant a lactone with an 1,5-ether bridge, previously obtained from Austrolabium candidum. We have now named it austroliolide, reassigned its ¹³C NMR spectrum and compared its structure with that of badgerin. In addition, we have also isolated from L. novocanariensis the known germacranolides artemorin, costunolide, tatridin A, tulirinol and verlotorin, the eudesmanolides β-cyclopyrethrosin, 1β-hydroxy-arbusculin A, magnoliaolide and reynosin, and the guaianolide dehydrocostus lactone.

Role of traditional Islamic and Arabic plants in cancer therapy

ETHNO PHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE

This review article underlines individual Traditional Islamic and Arabic plant (TAI) and their role in treating cancer. The aim of the study is to specifically evaluate the progress of herbs, Arabic and Islamic traditional herbs in particular, applied in cancer treatment, so far.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Islamic and Arabic plants were selected and identified through different literature survey using "Google scholar", "Web of science", "Scopus" and "PubMed". Each plant, from identified Arabic and Islamic plants list, was search individually for the most cited articles in the aforementioned databases using the keywords, "Anticancer", "Uses in cancer treatment", "Ethno pharmacological importance in cancer" etc.

RESULTS

The current review about Islamic and Arabic plants illuminates the importance of Islamic and Arabic plants and their impact in treating cancer. There is a long list of Islamic and Arabic plants used in cancer as mentioned in review with enormous amount of literature. Each plant has been investigated for its anticancer potential. The literature survey as mentioned in table shows; these plants are widely utilized in cancer as a whole, a part thereof or in the form of isolated chemical constituent.

CONCLUSIONS

This review strongly supports the fact; Arabic and Islamic traditional plants have emerged as a good source of complementary and alternative medicine in treating cancer. Traditional Arab-Islamic herbal-based medicines might be promising for new cancer therapeutics with low toxicity and minimal side effects. The plants used are mostly in crude form and still needs advance research for the isolation of phytochemicals and establishing its cellular and molecular role in treating cancer.

Sesquiterpenoids from the Rhizomes of Curcuma phaeocaulis and Their Inhibitory Effects on LPS-Induced TLR4 Activation

Two new guaiane-type (2, 6) and one new furanogermacrane-type (11) sesquiterpenoids have been isolated along with twelve known compounds from an EtOAc-soluble extract of Curcuma phaeocaulis rhizomes. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated using a combination of NMR, MS, and circular dichroism (CD) spectra. The inhibitory effects of each compound on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activation in THP-1-Blue cells were assessed, and compound 4 showed more potent inhibitory activity against LPS-stimulated TLR4 activation.

Heterocyclic compounds from Chrysanthemum coronarium L. and their inhibitory activity on hACAT-1, hACAT-2, and LDL-oxidation

The aerial parts of Chrysanthemum coronarium L. were extracted with MeOH, and the concentrated extract was partitioned using EtOAc, n-BuOH, and H(2)O, successively. Repeated column chromatography of the EtOAc and n-BuOH fractions gave a new heterocycle, 5,5'-dibuthoxy-2,2'-bifuran (1) along with five known compounds: methyl trans-ferulate (2), prunasin (3), sambunigrin (4), pterolactam (5), and adenosine (6), which were identified by several spectroscopic methods including NMR and MS. This paper is the first report on the isolation of these compounds from C. coronarium L. The IC(50) values of compound 1 for human Acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (hACAT)-1 and hACAT-2 were 0.16 mM and 0.19 mM, respectively. Compound 2 inhibited low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation with an IC(50) value of 7.7 microM.