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Chen GQ, Wu YH, Chen Z, Luo LW, Wang YH, Tong X, Bai Y, Wang HB, Xu YQ, Zhang ZW, Ikuno N, Hu HY. Enhanced extracellular polymeric substances production and aggravated membrane fouling potential caused by different disinfection treatment. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.120007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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2
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Chen GQ, Wu YH, Wang YH, Chen Z, Tong X, Bai Y, Luo LW, Xu C, Hu HY. Effects of microbial inactivation approaches on quantity and properties of extracellular polymeric substances in the process of wastewater treatment and reclamation: A review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 413:125283. [PMID: 33582467 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microbial extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) have a profound role in various wastewater treatment and reclamation processes, in which a variety of technologies are used for disinfection and microbial growth inhibition. These treatment processes can induce significant changes in the quantity and properties of EPS, and altered EPS could further adversely affect the wastewater treatment and reclamation system, including membrane filtration, disinfection, and water distribution. To clarify the effects of microbial inactivation approaches on EPS, these effects were classified into four categories: (1) chemical reactions, (2) cell lysis, (3) changing EPS-producing metabolic processes, and (4) altering microbial community. Across these different effects, treatments with free chlorine, methylisothiazolone, TiO2, and UV irradiation typically enhance EPS production. Among the residual microorganisms in EPS matrices after various microbial inactivation treatments, one of the most prominent is Mycobacterium. With respect to EPS properties, proteins and humic acids in EPS are usually more susceptible to treatment processes than polysaccharides. The affected EPS properties include changes in molecular weight, hydrophobicity, and adhesion ability. All of these changes can undermine wastewater treatment and reclamation processes. Therefore, effects on EPS quantity and properties should be considered during the application of microbial inactivation and growth inhibition techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen-Qiang Chen
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Yin-Hu Wu
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing 100084, PR China.
| | - Yun-Hong Wang
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Xing Tong
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Yuan Bai
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Li-Wei Luo
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Chuang Xu
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Hong-Ying Hu
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing 100084, PR China; Shenzhen Environmental Science and New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
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Mallick S, Kiran S, Maiti TK, Ghosh AS. PBP4 and PBP5 are involved in regulating exopolysaccharide synthesis during Escherichia coli biofilm formation. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2021; 167. [PMID: 33539278 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli low-molecular-mass (LMM) Penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) help in hydrolysing the peptidoglycan fragments from their cell wall and recycling them back into the growing peptidoglycan matrix, in addition to their reported involvement in biofilm formation. Biofilms are external slime layers of extra-polymeric substances that sessile bacterial cells secrete to form a habitable niche for themselves. Here, we hypothesize the involvement of Escherichia coli LMM PBPs in regulating the nature of exopolysaccharides (EPS) prevailing in its extra-polymeric substances during biofilm formation. Therefore, this study includes the assessment of physiological characteristics of E. coli CS109 LMM PBP deletion mutants to address biofilm formation abilities, viability and surface adhesion. Finally, EPS from parent CS109 and its ΔPBP4 and ΔPBP5 mutants were purified and analysed for sugars present. Deletions of LMM PBP reduced biofilm formation, bacterial adhesion and their viability in biofilms. Deletions also diminished EPS production by ΔPBP4 and ΔPBP5 mutants, purification of which suggested an increased overall negative charge compared with their parent. Also, EPS analyses from both mutants revealed the appearance of an unusual sugar, xylose, that was absent in CS109. Accordingly, the reason for reduced biofilm formation in LMM PBP mutants may be speculated as the subsequent production of xylitol and a hindrance in the standard flow of the pentose phosphate pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathi Mallick
- Present address: National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, Telangana, PIN-500032, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, PIN-721302, India
| | - Shanti Kiran
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, PIN-721302, India
| | - Tapas Kumar Maiti
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, PIN-721302, India
| | - Anindya S Ghosh
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, PIN-721302, India
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4
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Chaisuwan W, Jantanasakulwong K, Wangtueai S, Phimolsiripol Y, Chaiyaso T, Techapun C, Phongthai S, You S, Regenstein JM, Seesuriyachan P. Microbial exopolysaccharides for immune enhancement: Fermentation, modifications and bioactivities. FOOD BIOSCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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5
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Asgher M, Urooj Y, Qamar SA, Khalid N. Improved exopolysaccharide production from Bacillus licheniformis MS3: Optimization and structural/functional characterization. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 151:984-992. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.11.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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6
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Insulkar P, Kerkar S, Lele S. Purification and structural-functional characterization of an exopolysaccharide from Bacillus licheniformis PASS26 with in-vitro antitumor and wound healing activities. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 120:1441-1450. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.09.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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7
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Cho EH, Jung HT, Lee BH, Kim HS, Rhee JK, Yoo SH. Green process development for apple-peel pectin production by organic acid extraction. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 204:97-103. [PMID: 30366548 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.09.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
To extract pectin in food industry, HCl is generally used as the major extracting solvent for releasing the pectin from the plant tissues, however it has an environmental issue to use. In this study, food-grade tartaric-, malic, and citric acids were used to produce apple peel pectin as an eco-friendly protocol instead of HCl. Finely-ground lyophilized apple peel was applied as the raw material, and the pectin was extracted by organic acids at 85 °C. The pectin extracted with citric acid displayed greater molecular weight and apparent viscosity compared to other organic acid treatments. Analysis of degree of methyl esterification revealed that the pectins extracted with organic acids were highly methoxylated. From these results, it was suggested that organic acids could be utilized to extract apple peel pectin effectively as a green process. Especially, the extraction process with citric acid as the solvent showed great potential to produce high-viscosity apple peel pectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Hi Cho
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, and Carbohydrate Bioproduct Research Center, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Tak Jung
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Sungnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hoo Lee
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Sungnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Seok Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Gyeonggi 16227, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Kyu Rhee
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Woman's University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Yoo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, and Carbohydrate Bioproduct Research Center, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Adesulu-Dahunsi A, Sanni A, Jeyaram K, Ojediran J, Ogunsakin A, Banwo K. Extracellular polysaccharide from Weissella confusa OF126: Production, optimization, and characterization. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 111:514-525. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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9
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Adesulu-Dahunsi A, Sanni A, Jeyaram K. Production, characterization and In vitro antioxidant activities of exopolysaccharide from Weissella cibaria GA44. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2017.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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10
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Xu X, Nie Z, Zheng Z, Zhu L, Zhan X. Production and Rheological Properties of Welan Gum Produced by Sphingomonas sp. ATCC 31555 with Different Nitrogen Sources. J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 27:55-63. [PMID: 28092912 DOI: 10.1159/000452835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of nitrogen sources on the production and rheological properties of welan gum produced by Sphingomonas sp. ATCC 31555. Six different nitrogen sources were used for ATCC 31555 fermentation, and 2 of these were further analyzed due to their more positive influence on welan gum production and bacterial biomass. Bacterial biomass, welan gum yield, welan viscosity, molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, acyl content, and welan structure were analyzed. Welan gum production and the biomass concentration of ATCC 31555 were higher in media containing NaNO3 and beef extract. Welan viscosity decreased at higher temperatures of 30-90°C, and it increased with a higher welan concentration. In the media containing NaNO3 (3 g·L-1), welan viscosity was higher at 30-70°C and a welan solution concentration of 6-10 g·L-1. With a reduced NaNO3 concentration, the molecular weight of welan gum and the molar ratio of mannose decreased, but the molar ratio of glucuronic acid increased. With different nitrogen sources, the acetyl content of welan gum differed but its structure was similar. NaNO3 and beef extract facilitated welan production. A reduced NaNO3 concentration promoted welan viscosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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11
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Li H, Jiao X, Sun Y, Sun S, Feng Z, Zhou W, Zhu H. The preparation and characterization of a novel sphingan WL from marine Sphingomonas sp. WG. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37899. [PMID: 27883073 PMCID: PMC5121650 DOI: 10.1038/srep37899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingans, a group of structurally closely related bacterial exopolysaccharides produced by members of the genus Sphingomonas, can be applied in a variety of industries such as food, cement, and personal care applications due to their high viscosity. A high sphingan-producing-bacterium, Sphingomonas sp. WG can secret large quantity of sphingan designated as WL. To enhance the production of WL, a three-stage control strategy was applied and the highest WL production can reach 33.3 g/L. The rheological analysis showed that the aqueous solution of WL had high viscosity, typical shearing-thinning behavior and great stability to high temperature, a wide range of pH (1 to 14), and high salinity. WL was composed principally of carbohydrate with 6.52% O-acyl groups. The carbohydrate portion of WL contained about 13% glucuronic acid and some neutral sugars including mannose, glucose and rhamnose in the molar ratio of 1:2.28:2.12. Partial acid hydrolysis of WL produced a new oligosaccharide WL-1. Structural resolution revealed that WL-1 consisted of α-L-Rha-(1→4)-β-L-Rha-(1→4)-β-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-D-Glc with β-D-Man substituent at the third glucose residue and carboxyl and O-acyl groups. These findings will broaden the applications of this novel sphingan in food, ink, oil and other industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang West Road, Qingdao 266580, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue Jiao
- Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang West Road, Qingdao 266580, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yajie Sun
- Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang West Road, Qingdao 266580, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiwei Sun
- Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang West Road, Qingdao 266580, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhimei Feng
- Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang West Road, Qingdao 266580, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wanlong Zhou
- Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang West Road, Qingdao 266580, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hu Zhu
- Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang West Road, Qingdao 266580, People’s Republic of China
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Wu MM, Huang HD, Li GQ, Zhou JF, Ma T. Biochemical characterization and functional analysis of Udp-glucose dehydrogenase, in the synthesis of biopolymer Ss from Sphingomonas sanxanigenens NX02. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683815010160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Sun W, Liu W, Cui L, Zhang M, Wang B. Characterization and identification of a chlorine-resistant bacterium, Sphingomonas TS001, from a model drinking water distribution system. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2013; 458-460:169-175. [PMID: 23648446 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2012] [Revised: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This study describes the identification and characterization of a new chlorine resistant bacterium, Sphingomonas TS001, isolated from a model drinking water distribution system. The isolate was identified by 16s rRNA gene analysis and morphological and physiological characteristics. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that TS001 belongs to the genus Sphingomonas. The model distribution system HPC results showed that, when the chlorine residual was greater than 0.7 mg L(-1), 100% of detected heterotrophic bacteria (HPC) was TS001. The bench-scale inactivation efficiency testing showed that this strain was very resistant to chlorine, and 4 mg L(-1) of chlorine with 240 min retention time provided only approximately 5% viability reduction of TS001. In contrast, a 3-log inactivation (99.9%) was obtained for UV fluencies of 40 mJ cm(-2). A high chlorine-resistant and UV sensitive bacterium, Sphingomonas TS001, was documented for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Sun
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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Talà A, Lenucci M, Gaballo A, Durante M, Tredici SM, Debowles DA, Pizzolante G, Marcuccio C, Carata E, Piro G, Carpita NC, Mita G, Alifano P. Sphingomonas cynarae sp. nov., a proteobacterium that produces an unusual type of sphingan. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2013; 63:72-79. [DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.032060-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Strain SPC-1T was isolated from the phyllosphere of Cynara cardunculus L. var. sylvestris (Lamk) Fiori (wild cardoon), a Mediterranean native plant considered to be the wild ancestor of the globe artichoke and cultivated cardoon. This Gram-stain-negative, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped and non-motile strain secreted copious amounts of an exopolysaccharide, formed slimy, viscous, orange-pigmented colonies and grew optimally at around pH 6.0–6.5 and 26–30 °C in the presence of 0–0.5 % NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on comparisons of 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that SPC-1T clustered together with species of the genus
Sphingomonas
sensu stricto. The G+C content of the DNA (66.1 mol%), the presence of Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone, sym-homospermidine as the predominant polyamine, 2-hydroxymyristic acid (C14 : 0 2-OH) as the major hydroxylated fatty acid, the absence of 3-hydroxy fatty acids and the presence of sphingoglycolipid supported this taxonomic position. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that SPC-1T was most closely related to
Sphingomonas hankookensis
ODN7T,
Sphingomonas insulae
DS-28T and
Sphingomonas panni
C52T (98.19, 97.91 and 97.11 % sequence similarities, respectively). However, DNA–DNA hybridization analysis did not reveal any relatedness at the species level. Further differences were apparent in biochemical traits, and fatty acid, quinone and polyamine profiles leading us to conclude that strain SPC-1T represents a novel species of the genus
Sphingomonas
, for which the name Sphingomonas cynarae sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is SPC-1T ( = JCM 17498T = ITEM 13494T). A component analysis of the exopolysaccharide suggested that it represents a novel type of sphingan containing glucose, rhamnose, mannose and galactose, while glucuronic acid, which is commonly found in sphingans, was not detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelfia Talà
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Marcello Lenucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Antonio Gaballo
- CNR – Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics (IBBE), Via G. Amendola, 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Miriana Durante
- CNR – Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), Operative Unit of Lecce, via Provinciale Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Salvatore M. Tredici
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Danisha A. Debowles
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, 915 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2054, USA
| | - Graziano Pizzolante
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Carlo Marcuccio
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Carata
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Gabriella Piro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Nicholas C. Carpita
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, 915 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2054, USA
| | - Giovanni Mita
- CNR – Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), Operative Unit of Lecce, via Provinciale Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Pietro Alifano
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
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15
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Yoo SH, Lee BH, Lee H, Lee S, Bae IY, Lee HG, Fishman ML, Chau HK, Savary BJ, Hotchkiss AT. Structural characteristics of pumpkin pectin extracted by microwave heating. J Food Sci 2012; 77:C1169-73. [PMID: 23106191 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2012.02960.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED To improve extraction yield of pumpkin pectin, microwave heating was adopted in this study. Using hot acid extraction, pumpkin pectin yield decreased from 5.7% to 1.0% as pH increased from pH 1.0 to 2.0. At pH 2.5, no pectin was recovered from pumpkin flesh powder. After a pretreatment at pH 1.0 and 25 °C for 1 h, pumpkin powder was microwave-extracted at 120 °C for 3 min resulting in 10.5% of pectin yield. However, premicrowave treatment at 60 °C for 20 min did not improve extraction yield. When microwave heating at 80 °C for 10 min was applied after premicrowave treatment, final pectin yield increased to 11.3%. When pH was adjusted to 2.0, the yield dropped to 7.7% under the same extraction conditions. Molecular shape and properties as well as chemical composition of pumpkin pectin were significantly affected depending on extraction methods. Galacturonic acid content (51% to 58%) of pumpkin pectin was lower than that detected in commercial acid-extracted citrus pectin, while higher content of neutral sugars and acetyl esters existed in pumpkin pectin structure. Molecular weight (M(w) ) and intrinsic viscosity (η(w) ) determined for microwave-extracted pumpkin pectins were substantially lower than acid-extracted pectin, whereas polydispersity was greater. However, microwave-extracted pectin at pH 2.0 had more than 5 times greater M(w) than did the pectin extracted at pH 1.0. The η(w) of microwave-extracted pectin produced at pH 2.0 was almost twice that of other microwave-extracted pectins, which were comparable to that of acid-extracted pectin. These results indicate that extraction yield of pumpkin pectin would be improved by microwave extraction and different pectin structure and properties can be obtained compared to acid extraction. PRACTICAL APPLICATION Pumpkin is a promising alternative source for pectin material. Pumpkin pectin has a unique chemical structure and physical properties, presumably providing different functional properties compared to conventional commercial pectin sources. Depending on the conditions to produce pumpkin pectin, diverse molecular structures can be obtained and utilized in various food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Ho Yoo
- Department of Food Science & Technology and Carbohydrate Bioproduct Research Center, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-747, Korea.
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16
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Production of exopolysaccharide by Vagococcus carniphilus MCM B-1018 isolated from alkaline Lonar Lake, India. ANN MICROBIOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-010-0189-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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17
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Huang HD, Wang W, Ma T, Li GQ, Liang FL, Liu RL. Sphingomonas sanxanigenens sp. nov., isolated from soil. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2009; 59:719-23. [PMID: 19329595 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.000257-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Strain NX02(T), a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, was isolated from soil, and its taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. Chemotaxonomic analysis revealed that strain NX02(T) possessed Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone, sym-homospermidine as the major polyamine and C(18 : 1)omega7c, C(16 : 0) and C(14 : 0) 2-OH as the major fatty acids. The main polar lipids were sphingoglycolipid, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, phosphatidyldimethylethanolamine and an unidentified glycolipid. The DNA G+C content was 66.4 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain NX02(T) belongs to the alpha-4 subgroup of the Proteobacteria, exhibiting the highest sequence similarity with respect to Sphingomonas azotifigens NBRC 15497(T) (95.9 %), Sphingomonas pituitosa DSM 13101(T) (95.8 %) and Sphingomonas dokdonensis KCTC 12541(T) (95.8 %). On the basis of these results, strain NX02(T) represents a novel species of the genus Sphingomonas sensu stricto, for which the name Sphingomonas sanxanigenens sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NX02(T) (=DSM 19645(T) =CGMCC 1.6417(T)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Dong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
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18
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Park HB, Kwon HC, Lee CH, Yang HO. Glionitrin A, an antibiotic-antitumor metabolite derived from competitive interaction between abandoned mine microbes. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2009; 72:248-252. [PMID: 19159274 DOI: 10.1021/np800606e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The nutrient conditions present in abandoned coal mine drainages create an extreme environment where defensive and offensive microbial interactions could be critical for survival and fitness. Coculture of a mine drainage-derived Sphingomonas bacterial strain, KMK-001, and a mine drainage-derived Aspergillus fumigatus fungal strain, KMC-901, resulted in isolation of a new diketopiperazine disulfide, glionitrin A (1). Compound 1 was not detected in monoculture broths of KMK-001 or KMC-901. The structure of 1, a (3S,10aS) diketopiperazine disulfide containing a nitro aromatic ring, was based on analysis of MS, NMR, and circular dichroism spectra and confirmed by X-ray crystal data. Glionitrin A displayed significant antibiotic activity against a series of microbes including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. An in vitro MTT cytotoxicity assay revealed that 1 had potent submicromolar cytotoxic activity against four human cancer cell lines: HCT-116, A549, AGS, and DU145. The results provide further evidence that microbial coculture can produce novel biologically relevant molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Bong Park
- Natural Products Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Gangwon-do 210-340, Republic of Korea
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19
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Han SH, Lee SW, Rhee C. Effect of heat treatment of digestion-resistant fraction from soybean on retarding of bile acid transport in vitro. Nutr Res Pract 2009. [PMCID: PMC2788175 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2009.3.2.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the heat effect of digestion-resistant fraction (RF) from soybean on retarding bile acid transport in vitro. The RFs from soybean retarded bile acid transport. A raw, unheated RF of soybean (RRF-SOY) was significantly more effective than the heated RF of soybean (HRF-SOY). The RS1 which physically trapped in milled grains and inaccessible to digestive enzyme after 18 hrs incubation level of content in RRF-SOY was found to be as high as 24.1% and after heating the RS1 of HRF-SOY was significantly reduced to 16.8%. The X-ray diffraction pattern of RF from soybean was altered after heat treatment. The RFs from soybean were characterized by peak at diffraction angles of 12.0° and 20.0° corresponding to RS content. Cellulose contents of RRF-SOY was 5% higher than that of HRF-SOY and pentosan contents of RRF-SOY was 5% higher than that of HRF-SOY, too. Whereas the hemicellulose content of RRF-SOY was 13% lower than HRF-SOY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hee Han
- Institute of Life Science and Natural Resources, Korea University, 1 Anam-dong 5-ka, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, Korea
- Present post; Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kinki University, 3327-204 Naka-Machi, Nara, Nara 631-8505, Japan
| | - Seog-Won Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Yuhan College, 185-34 Goean-dong, Sosa-gu, Bucheon, Kyeonggi 422-749, Korea
| | - Chul Rhee
- Division of Food Bioscience and Technology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, 1 Anam-dong 5-ka, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, Korea
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Tyvaert G, Morel C, Joly JP, Decaris B, Charron-Bourgoin F. The eps locus of Streptococcus thermophilus IP6756 is not involved in exopolysaccharide production. Int Dairy J 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2005.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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