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Wang X, Ma Y, Xu R, Ma J, Zhang H, Qi S, Xu J, Qin X, Zhang H, Liu C, Chen J, Li B, Yang H, Saijilafu. c‐Myc controls the fate of neural progenitor cells during cerebral cortex development. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:4011-4021. [PMID: 31625158 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiu‐Li Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Yan‐Xia Ma
- Department of Orthopaedics The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Ren‐Jie Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu China
- Department of Orthopaedics Suzhou Municipal Hospital/The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Suzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Jin‐Jin Ma
- Department of Orthopaedics The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Hong‐Cheng Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Shi‐Bin Qi
- Department of Orthopaedics The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Jin‐Hui Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Xu‐Zhen Qin
- Department of Orthopaedics The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Hao‐Nan Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Chang‐Mei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Science Beijing China
- Savaid Medical School University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Jian‐Quan Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Orthopaedics The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Hui‐Lin Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Saijilafu
- Department of Orthopaedics The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu China
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Si SY, Liu JL, Liu JL, Xu BX, Li JZ, Qin YY, Song SJ. Recombinant adenovirus of SEA and CD80 genes driven by MMRE and mouse TERT promoter induce effective antitumor immune responses against different types of tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:3037-3045. [PMID: 28393253 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus enterotoxin A (SEA) is a powerful immunostimulant and can stimulate T cells bearing certain T-cell receptor β-chain variable regions when bound to major histocompatibility complex II molecules. SEA is widely used in research of antitumor therapy. The low affinity T-cell receptor (TCR) interaction with SEA in the absence of MHC class II antigens is sufficient for the induction of cytotoxicity but requires additional CD28/B7 signaling to result in proliferation of resting T cells. In this study, we constructed recombinant adenovirus (named as Ad-MMRE-mTERT-BIS) carrying membrane-expressing SEA (named as SEAtm) and CD80 driven by Myc-Max response elements (MMRE) and mouse telomerase reverse transcriptase (mTERT) promoter to reduce toxicity and to improve safety and efficiency. We demonstrated that Ad-MMRE-mTERT-BIS could make SEAtm and CD80 to co-express highly on the surface of Hepa1-6 and B16 cells, at low level on the surface of CT26 cells, but not in NIH3T3. Hepa1-6 and B16 cells infected by the recombinant adenovirus induced proliferation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and increased cytokine [interleukin (IL)-2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ] production in vitro. Intratumoral injection of Ad-MMRE-mTERT-BIS in hepatoma and melanoma mouse models induced tumor-specific cytotoxic T cells in the spleen. Moreover, hepatoma and melanoma xenografts were suppressed by treatment with Ad-MMRE-mTERT-BIS and the survival time of treated mice was prolonged. These findings suggest that recombinant adenovirus of SEA and CD80 genes driven by mTERT promoter could induce effective antitumor immune responses against different kinds of tumor cells in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Yan Si
- Center for Special Medicine and Experimental Research, 306th Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Li Liu
- Center for Special Medicine and Experimental Research, 306th Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Lian Liu
- Department of Dermatology, 306th Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Bing-Xin Xu
- Center for Special Medicine and Experimental Research, 306th Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Zhong Li
- Center for Special Medicine and Experimental Research, 306th Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Ya Qin
- Center for Special Medicine and Experimental Research, 306th Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Jun Song
- Center for Special Medicine and Experimental Research, 306th Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
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3
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Christensen CL, Zandi R, Gjetting T, Cramer F, Poulsen HS. Specifically targeted gene therapy for small-cell lung cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 9:437-52. [DOI: 10.1586/era.09.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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4
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Collet G, Grillon C, Nadim M, Kieda C. Trojan horse at cellular level for tumor gene therapies. Gene 2013; 525:208-16. [PMID: 23542073 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Among innovative strategies developed for cancer treatments, gene therapies stand of great interest despite their well-known limitations in targeting, delivery, toxicity or stability. The success of any given gene-therapy is highly dependent on the carrier efficiency. New approaches are often revisiting the mythic trojan horse concept to carry therapeutic nucleic acid, i.e. DNAs, RNAs or small interfering RNAs, to pathologic tumor site. Recent investigations are focusing on engineering carrying modalities to overtake the above limitations bringing new promise to cancer patients. This review describes recent advances and perspectives for gene therapies devoted to tumor treatment, taking advantage of available knowledge in biotechnology and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Collet
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, UPR4301 CNRS, Rue Charles Sadron, 45071, Orléans, cedex 2, France.
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Chen B, Chen XP, Wang Y, Cui W, Zhong M. Simian virus 40 enhancer does not affect the tumor specificity of human heparanase gene promoter. Biomed Rep 2013; 1:41-46. [PMID: 24648891 DOI: 10.3892/br.2012.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription activity of the tumor-specific promoter may be increased using specific DNA sequences such as simian virus 40 (SV40). Human heparanase (HPSE) gene promoter is also considered a tumor-specific promoter. However, whether or not the SV40 enhancer affects the tumor specificity of HPSE remains to be determined. The SV40 enhancer sequence, 237 bp in length, was amplified and correctly inserted into the assigned multiple clone sites (MCS) of the eukaryotic expression vector pEGFP-Hp, which was constructed in advance. The recombinant plasmid pEGFP-Hp-SV40e was consistent with the anticipated Genbank data and transfected into human umbilical vein endothelial cell (ECV) and tumor cell lines, including hepatoma carcinoma (HepG2), laryngeal carcinoma (Hep2) and chronic myelogenous leukemia cell lines (K562) using lipofectamine, respectively. The expression of the reporter gene, green fluorescent protein (GFP), was detected using fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. The length of the amplified SV40 enchancer was 237 bp and the sequence was in accordance with the GenBank data. The recombinant plasmid pEGFP-Hp-SV40 was consistent with the anticipated results. Fluorimetric analysis showed that the fluorescence of pEGFP-Hp-SV40e in ECV cells was as dim as pEGFP-Hp, and obviously weaker than pEGFPN1. In tumor cells including HepG2, Hep2 and K562 cells, the fluorescence of pEGFP-Hp-SV40e was similar to that of pEGFP-N1, which was clearly brighter than pEGFP-Hp. The average transfecion rates in the 4 types of cells were 4.1, 17.2, 8.8 and 6.4% in the pEGFP-Hp; 18.3, 29.3, 17.0 and 13.0% in the pEGFP-Nl and 4.3, 28.8, 16.4 and 11.7% in the pEGFP-Hp-SV40e groups, respectively. The ratio of pEGFP-Hp-SV40e to pEGFP-Hp in all cells was 1.05, 1.67, 1.86 and 1.83, respectively. In conclusion, the inserted SV40 enhancer sequence is able to improve the transcriptional activity of the human HPSE gene promoter, but does not affect its tumor specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and
| | | | - Yong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Pukou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Nanjin 211800, P.R. China
| | - Wei Cui
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and
| | - Min Zhong
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001
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6
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Sato M, Shin-ya K, Lee JI, Ishihara M, Nagai T, Kaneshiro N, Mitani G, Tahara H, Mochida J. Human telomerase reverse transcriptase and glucose-regulated protein 78 increase the life span of articular chondrocytes and their repair potential. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2012; 13:51. [PMID: 22472071 PMCID: PMC3349494 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-13-51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Like all mammalian cells, normal adult chondrocytes have a limited replicative life span, which decreases with age. To facilitate the therapeutic use of chondrocytes from older donors, a method is needed to prolong their life span. Methods We transfected chondrocytes with hTERT or GRP78 and cultured them in a 3-dimensional atelocollagen honeycomb-shaped scaffold with a membrane seal. Then, we measured the amount of nuclear DNA and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and the expression level of type II collagen as markers of cell proliferation and extracellular matrix formation, respectively, in these cultures. In addition, we allografted this tissue-engineered cartilage into osteochondral defects in old rabbits to assess their repair activity in vivo. Results Our results showed different degrees of differentiation in terms of GAG content between chondrocytes from old and young rabbits. Chondrocytes that were cotransfected with hTERT and GRP78 showed higher cellular proliferation and expression of type II collagen than those of nontransfected chondrocytes, regardless of the age of the cartilage donor. In addition, the in vitro growth rates of hTERT- or GRP78-transfected chondrocytes were higher than those of nontransfected chondrocytes, regardless of donor age. In vivo, the tissue-engineered cartilage implants exhibited strong repairing activity, maintained a chondrocyte-specific phenotype, and produced extracellular matrix components. Conclusions Focal gene delivery to aged articular chondrocytes exhibited strong repairing activity and may be therapeutically useful for articular cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Sato
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan.
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Christensen CL, Gjetting T, Poulsen TT, Cramer F, Roth JA, Poulsen HS. Targeted cytosine deaminase-uracil phosphoribosyl transferase suicide gene therapy induces small cell lung cancer-specific cytotoxicity and tumor growth delay. Clin Cancer Res 2010; 16:2308-19. [PMID: 20371678 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-09-3057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly malignant cancer for which there is no curable treatment. Novel therapies are therefore in great demand. In the present study we investigated the therapeutic effect of transcriptionally targeted suicide gene therapy for SCLC based on the yeast cytosine deaminase (YCD) gene alone or fused with the yeast uracil phosphoribosyl transferase (YUPRT) gene followed by administration of 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) prodrug. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The YCD gene or the YCD-YUPRT gene was placed under regulation of the SCLC-specific promoter insulinoma-associated 1 (INSM1). Therapeutic effect was evaluated in vitro in SCLC cell lines and in vivo in SCLC xenografted nude mice using the nonviral nanoparticle DOTAP/cholesterol for transgene delivery. RESULTS INSM1-YCD/5-FC and INSM1-YCD-YUPRT/5-FC therapy induced high cytotoxicity in a range of SCLC cell lines. The highest therapeutic effect was obtained from the YCD-YUPRT fusion gene strategy. No cytotoxicity was induced after treatment of cell lines of other origin than SCLC. In addition the INSM1-YCD-YUPRT/5-FC therapy was superior to an established suicide gene system consisting of the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSVTK) gene and the prodrug ganciclovir. The superior effect was in part due to massive bystander cytotoxicity of YCD-YUPRT-produced toxins. Finally, INSM1-YCD-YUPRT/5-FC therapy induced significant tumor growth delay in SCLC xenografts compared with control-treated xenografts. CONCLUSIONS The current study is the first to test cytosine deaminase-based suicide gene therapy for SCLC and the first to show an antitumor effect from the delivery of suicide gene therapeutics for SCLC in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla L Christensen
- Department of Radiation Biology, The Finsen Center, National University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Deng Z, Yang C, Wang G, Guo S, Liu Y, Jia J, Zhao J. Gene therapy targeted to telomerase in HCC by AF-hTERT-TK/GCV. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10330-009-0036-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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9
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A chimeric fusion of the hASH1 and EZH2 promoters mediates high and specific reporter and suicide gene expression and cytotoxicity in small cell lung cancer cells. Cancer Gene Ther 2008; 15:563-75. [DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2008.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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10
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Zhang Y, Ma H, Zhang J, Liu S, Liu Y, Zheng D. AAV-mediated TRAIL gene expression driven by hTERT promoter suppressed human hepatocellular carcinoma growth in mice. Life Sci 2008; 82:1154-61. [PMID: 18485417 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2008.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2007] [Revised: 03/10/2008] [Accepted: 03/19/2008] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A major obstacle in the development of effective recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) mediated gene therapy is infection specificity and gene targeting. In the present study, we investigated whether the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) promoter could drive tumor-specific expression of the tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), an apoptosis apoptosis-inducing protein with potential toxic effects on normal cells. Our data demonstrated that hTERT promoter-driven tumor-specific expression of TRAIL decreased the cellular viability of tumor cells, but not normal cells. TRAIL expression driven by hTERT promoter inhibited tumor growth significantly in vivo and combination of viral infection with 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) suppressed tumor growth more efficiently. Intra-venous injection of virus showed that the recombinant virus was predominantly distributed in the liver, but not in other major tissues tested, and no transgene expression was detected in the liver. Furthermore, serum enzyme and liver histology analysis confirmed that liver function is unaffected by TRAIL expression, significant as the liver is frequently metastasized and scattered with tumors from other organs, which are unpractical to treat by intra-tumor injection. Together our results demonstrate that rAAV-mediated TRAIL expression is a promising strategy in gene therapy for treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100005, China
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11
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hTERT-targeted E. coli purine nucleoside phosphorylase gene/6-methylpurine deoxyribose therapy for pancreatic cancer. Chin Med J (Engl) 2007. [DOI: 10.1097/00029330-200708010-00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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12
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Abstract
Lung cancer patients suffer a 15% overall survival despite advances in chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery due to the usual finding of advanced disease at diagnosis. Attempts to improve survival in advanced disease using various combinations of chemotherapy have demonstrated that no regimen is superior, suggesting a therapeutic plateau and the need for novel, more specific, and less toxic therapeutic strategies. Techniques have been developed that allow transfer of functional genes into mammalian cells, such as those that block activated tumor-promoting oncogenes and/or those that replace inactivated tumor-suppressing or apoptosis-promoting genes. This article will discuss the therapeutic implications of these molecular changes associated with bronchogenic carcinomas, and will then review the status of gene therapies for treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Toloza
- Duke Thoracic Oncology Program, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3048, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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Abstract
Lung cancer patients suffer a 15% overall survival despite advances in chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery. This unacceptably low survival rate is due to the usual finding of advanced disease at diagnosis. However, multimodality strategies using conventional therapies only minimally improve survival rates even in early stages of lung cancer. Attempts to improve survival in advanced disease using various combinations of platinum-based chemotherapy have demonstrated that no regimen is superior, suggesting a therapeutic plateau and the need for novel, more specific, and less toxic therapeutic strategies. Over the past three decades, the genetic etiology of cancer has been gradually delineated, albeit not yet completely. Understanding the molecular events that occur during the multistep process of bronchogenic carcinogenesis may make these tasks more surmountable. During these same three decades, techniques have been developed which allow transfer of functional genes into mammalian cells. For example, blockade of activated tumor-promoting oncogenes or replacement of inactivated tumor-suppressing or apoptosis-promoting genes can be achieved by gene therapy. This article will discuss the therapeutic implications of these molecular changes associated with bronchogenic carcinomas and will then review the status of gene therapies for treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Toloza
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
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14
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Investigation of hrDNA targeting vector-mediated tumor-specific suicide gene therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-006-2120-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Si S, Sun Y, Li Z, Ge W, Zhang X, Hu P, Huang Y, Chen G, Song H, Huang Y, Ma B, Li X, Sui Y. Gene therapy by membrane-expressed superantigen for α-fetoprotein-producing hepatocellular carcinoma. Gene Ther 2006; 13:1603-10. [PMID: 16855617 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3302823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus enterotoxin A (SEA) is a powerful immunostimulant, which can stimulate T cells bearing certain T-cell receptor beta-chain variable regions, when bound to major histocompatibility complex II molecules. In vivo administration of intact superantigen in sufficient therapeutic amounts risks unwanted cytotoxicity against normal cells. In this study, we used SEA fused with CD80 transmembrane region (named as SEAtm) driven by alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) enhancer/promoter to reduce toxicity and to improve safety and efficiency in the application of SEA. We demonstrated that SEAtm by adenovirus from the AFP enhancer/promoter (AdAFPSEA) could be expressed on the surface of AFP-producing cell line Hepa1-6 instead of non-AFP-producing cell lines. Hepa1-6 infected by recombinant adenovirus stimulated proliferation of splenocytes and activated CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in vitro. After AdAFPSEA was injected into the subcutaneously established hepatoma in vivo, the expression of SEA was detected in tumor tissues, which subsequently induced tumor-specific cytotoxic T cells in spleen. Moreover, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) xenografts were suppressed by treatment with AdAFPSEA and the survival time of treated mice was prolonged. These findings suggest that membrane-expressed SEA by adenovirus from AdAFPSEA can generate stronger local and systemic antitumor responses against HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Si
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, XiJing Hospital, Fourth Military Medmedical University, Shanxi Province, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
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Majhen D, Ambriović-Ristov A. Adenoviral vectors--how to use them in cancer gene therapy? Virus Res 2006; 119:121-33. [PMID: 16533542 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2006.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2005] [Revised: 02/01/2006] [Accepted: 02/01/2006] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy is most often described as a technique for introducing the foreign genetic material into cells with a correction of a dysfunctional gene as its final goal. Today, it is well known that cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality in the world. Besides classical methods for cancer treatment new strategies against cancer are needed. Although originally being designed as a treatment for monogenetic illness, soon after, gene therapy appeared as a potential new strategy in cancer therapy. One of the widely used vectors for cancer gene therapy is adenovirus. In this review we have described molecular biology of adenoviruses and basis for construction of adenoviral vectors. We have also described concepts for cancer gene therapy including their in vitro and in vivo application. Special attention is drawn toward retargeting of adenovirus as a new approach in vector design for cancer gene therapy, in order to restrict transgene expression in tumor tissue. This approach uses biophysical as well as genetic characteristics of tumor itself and its supporting tissue, allowing new "bypass" in cancer gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragomira Majhen
- Laboratory for Genotoxic Agents, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruder Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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