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Sanjaya A, Kazama Y, Ishii K, Muramatsu R, Kanamaru K, Ohbu S, Abe T, Fujiwara MT. An Argon-Ion-Induced Pale Green Mutant of Arabidopsis Exhibiting Rapid Disassembly of Mesophyll Chloroplast Grana. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:848. [PMID: 33922223 PMCID: PMC8145761 DOI: 10.3390/plants10050848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Argon-ion beam is an effective mutagen capable of inducing a variety of mutation types. In this study, an argon ion-induced pale green mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana was isolated and characterized. The mutant, designated Ar50-33-pg1, exhibited moderate defects of growth and greening and exhibited rapid chlorosis in photosynthetic tissues. Fluorescence microscopy confirmed that mesophyll chloroplasts underwent substantial shrinkage during the chlorotic process. Genetic and whole-genome resequencing analyses revealed that Ar50-33-pg1 contained a large 940 kb deletion in chromosome V that encompassed more than 100 annotated genes, including 41 protein-coding genes such as TYRAAt1/TyrA1, EGY1, and MBD12. One of the deleted genes, EGY1, for a thylakoid membrane-localized metalloprotease, was the major contributory gene responsible for the pale mutant phenotype. Both an egy1 mutant and F1 progeny of an Ar50-33-pg1 × egy1 cross-exhibited chlorotic phenotypes similar to those of Ar50-33-pg1. Furthermore, ultrastructural analysis of mesophyll cells revealed that Ar50-33-pg1 and egy1 initially developed wild type-like chloroplasts, but these were rapidly disassembled, resulting in thylakoid disorganization and fragmentation, as well as plastoglobule accumulation, as terminal phenotypes. Together, these data support the utility of heavy-ion mutagenesis for plant genetic analysis and highlight the importance of EGY1 in the structural maintenance of grana in mesophyll chloroplasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvin Sanjaya
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioicho, Chiyoda, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan; (A.S.); (R.M.)
| | - Yusuke Kazama
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; (K.I.); (S.O.); (T.A.)
- Faculty of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, 4-1-1 Matsuoka-Kenjojima, Eiheiji, Yoshida, Fukui 910-1195, Japan
| | - Kotaro Ishii
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; (K.I.); (S.O.); (T.A.)
| | - Ryohsuke Muramatsu
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioicho, Chiyoda, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan; (A.S.); (R.M.)
| | - Kengo Kanamaru
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kobe University, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan;
| | - Sumie Ohbu
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; (K.I.); (S.O.); (T.A.)
| | - Tomoko Abe
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; (K.I.); (S.O.); (T.A.)
| | - Makoto T. Fujiwara
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioicho, Chiyoda, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan; (A.S.); (R.M.)
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; (K.I.); (S.O.); (T.A.)
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Novel mutagenesis and screening technologies for food microorganisms: advances and prospects. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:1517-1531. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10341-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Miyagi A, Kitano S, Oono Y, Hase Y, Narumi I, Yamaguchi M, Uchimiya H, Kawai-Yamada M. Evaluation of metabolic changes in oxalate-rich plant Rumex obtusifolius L. caused by ion beam irradiation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 122:40-45. [PMID: 29172104 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Some Rumex species such as sorrel are edible as baby leaf salad greens. On the other hand, Rumex plants accumulate soluble oxalate, a toxic metabolite which causes serious diseases such as renal syndrome. We attempted to produce low-oxalate plants of R. obtusifolius, a perennial weed which has higher vitamin C and amino acid content and higher tolerance to stress than many other Rumex species. Ion beams are ionising radiation with high linear energy transfer that causes a wide spectrum of mutations. Thus, in the present study we evaluated the effects of ion beams on oxalate and other primary metabolites in leaves of R. obtusifolius using CE-MS. The results showed that oxalate content was increased by irradiation with carbon ion beams. Metabolome analysis revealed that ion beams affected carbon flow to the isocitrate pathway, which is involved in oxalate synthesis. These observations suggested that modulation of carbon flow to the isocitrate pathway is important to regulate oxalate levels in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Miyagi
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama-city, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Sayaka Kitano
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama-city, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Yutaka Oono
- Quantum Beam Science Research Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 1233 Watanuki, Takasaki-city, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Hase
- Quantum Beam Science Research Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 1233 Watanuki, Takasaki-city, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
| | - Issay Narumi
- Quantum Beam Science Research Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 1233 Watanuki, Takasaki-city, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Yamaguchi
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama-city, Saitama 338-8570, Japan; PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honmachi, Kawaguchi-city, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Uchimiya
- Institute for Environmental Science and Technology, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama-city, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Maki Kawai-Yamada
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama-city, Saitama 338-8570, Japan.
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Zhou Y, Wang JS, Yang XJ, Lin DH, Gao YF, Su YJ, Yang S, Zhang YJ, Zheng JJ. Peanut Allergy, Allergen Composition, and Methods of Reducing Allergenicity: A Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE 2013; 2013:909140. [PMID: 26904614 PMCID: PMC4745518 DOI: 10.1155/2013/909140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2013] [Revised: 06/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Peanut allergy affects 1-2% of the world's population. It is dangerous, and usually lifelong, and it greatly decreases the life quality of peanut-allergic individuals and their families. In a word, peanut allergy has become a major health concern worldwide. Thirteen peanut allergens are identified, and they are briefly introduced in this paper. Although there is no feasible solution to peanut allergy at present, many methods have shown great promise. This paper reviews methods of reducing peanut allergenicity, including physical methods (heat and pressure, PUV), chemical methods (tannic acid and magnetic beads), and biological methods (conventional breeding, irradiation breeding, genetic engineering, enzymatic treatment, and fermentation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jin-shui Wang
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiao-jia Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Dan-hua Lin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yun-fang Gao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yin-jie Su
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Sen Yang
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yan-jie Zhang
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jing-jing Zheng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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Narrowing Down the Mapping of Plant Sex-Determination Regions Using New Y-Chromosome-Specific Markers and Heavy-Ion Beam Irradiation-Induced Y-Deletion Mutants in Silene latifolia. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2012; 2:271-8. [PMID: 22384405 PMCID: PMC3284334 DOI: 10.1534/g3.111.001420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Silene latifolia is a well-studied model system for plant XY sex determination. Three maleness factors are thought to function on the Y chromosome, gynoecium suppression factor (GSF), stamen-promoting factor (SPF), and male fertility factor (MFF), and their deletions result in hermaphrodites, anther defects, and pollen defects, respectively. Although a framework map of the Y chromosome exists, the sex determination genes have not been identified, and no markers close enough to potentially be used for BAC library screening are yet available. The analysis of Y deletion mutants by Y-chromosome-specific STS markers is an efficient way to isolate sex determination regions, but more Y-specific STS markers are needed to accelerate the exploration of sex determination factors. Herein, we report a marker design method that uses simple sequence repeats, which is especially effective on the Y chromosome of S. latifolia because it contains many simple sequence repeats. Six new Y-chromosome-specific STS markers were obtained, SmicSy1–6. These were used to detect relatively small Y deletion sites in heavy-ion beam irradiation-induced mutants. The mapping of male sex determination regions was narrowed down by using more markers and smaller-sized Y deletion mutants. One new marker, SmicSy6, is a proximal marker to SPF and, thus, a second index for SPF. The region including SPF is thought to be located between two SPF proximal markers. The flower phenotype correlates with the deletion size of SPF using SPF proximal markers. These findings represent new progress in isolating the sex determination factor, which has been studied for more than 50 years.
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Tanaka A, Shikazono N, Hase Y. Studies on biological effects of ion beams on lethality, molecular nature of mutation, mutation rate, and spectrum of mutation phenotype for mutation breeding in higher plants. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2010; 51:223-33. [PMID: 20505261 DOI: 10.1269/jrr.09143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Recently, heavy ions or ion beams have been used to generate new mutants or varieties, especially in higher plants. It has been found that ion beams show high relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of growth inhibition, lethality, and so on, but the characteristics of ion beams on mutation have not been clearly elucidated. To understand the effect of ion beams on mutation induction, mutation rates were investigated using visible known Arabidopsis mutant phenotypes, indicating that mutation frequencies induced by carbon ions were 20-fold higher than by electrons. In chrysanthemum and carnation, flower-color and flower-form mutants, which are hardly produced by gamma rays or X rays, were induced by ion beams. Novel mutants and their responsible genes, such as UV-B resistant, serrated petals and sepals, anthocyaninless, etc. were induced by ion beams. These results indicated that the characteristics of ion beams for mutation induction are high mutation frequency and broad mutation spectrum and therefore, efficient induction of novel mutants. On the other hand, PCR and sequencing analyses showed that half of all mutants induced by ion beams possessed large DNA alterations, while the rest had point-like mutations. Both mutations induced by ion beams had a common feature that deletion of several bases were predominantly induced. It is plausible that ion beams induce a limited amount of large and irreparable DNA damage, resulting in production of a null mutation that shows a new mutant phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Tanaka
- Quantum Beam Science Directorate, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Takasaki, Gunma, Japan.
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