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Jurjus A, El Masri J, Ghazi M, El Ayoubi LM, Soueid L, Gerges Geagea A, Jurjus R. Mechanism of Action of Melatonin as a Potential Adjuvant Therapy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Colorectal Cancer. Nutrients 2024; 16:1236. [PMID: 38674926 PMCID: PMC11054672 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a continuum of chronic inflammatory diseases, is tightly associated with immune system dysregulation and dysbiosis, leading to inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and multiple extraintestinal manifestations. The pathogenesis of IBD is not completely elucidated. However, it is associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), which is one of the most common gastrointestinal malignancies. In both IBD and CRC, a complex interplay occurs between the immune system and gut microbiota (GM), leading to the alteration in GM composition. Melatonin, a neuroendocrine hormone, was found to be involved with this interplay, especially since it is present in high amounts in the gut, leading to some protective effects. Actually, melatonin enhances the integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier, regulates the immune response, alleviates inflammation, and attenuates oxidative stress. Thereby, the authors summarize the multifactorial interaction of melatonin with IBD and with CRC, focusing on new findings related to the mechanisms of action of this hormone, in addition to its documented positive outcomes on the treatment of these two pathologies and possible future perspectives to use melatonin as an adjuvant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdo Jurjus
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107, Lebanon; (J.E.M.); (M.G.); (L.S.); (A.G.G.); (R.J.)
| | - Jad El Masri
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107, Lebanon; (J.E.M.); (M.G.); (L.S.); (A.G.G.); (R.J.)
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut 6573, Lebanon;
| | - Maya Ghazi
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107, Lebanon; (J.E.M.); (M.G.); (L.S.); (A.G.G.); (R.J.)
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut 6573, Lebanon;
| | | | - Lara Soueid
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107, Lebanon; (J.E.M.); (M.G.); (L.S.); (A.G.G.); (R.J.)
| | - Alice Gerges Geagea
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107, Lebanon; (J.E.M.); (M.G.); (L.S.); (A.G.G.); (R.J.)
| | - Rosalyn Jurjus
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107, Lebanon; (J.E.M.); (M.G.); (L.S.); (A.G.G.); (R.J.)
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2
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Zhao W, Adjei M, Zhang Z, Yuan Z, Cisang Z, Song T. The role of GnRH in Tibetan male sheep and goat reproduction. Reprod Domest Anim 2023; 58:1179-1187. [PMID: 37492901 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis connects the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and gonads. The regulation of reproductive processes includes integrating various factors from structural functions and environmental conditions in the HPG axis, with the outcome indication of these processes being the pulsatile secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus. These factors include feed consumption and nutritional condition, sex steroids, season/photoperiod, pheromones, age, and stress. GnRH pulsatile secretion affects the pattern of gonadotropin secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), which then regulates both endocrine function and gamete maturation in the gonads. This regulates gonadotropins and testosterone (T) production. There is evidence that in males, GnRH participates in a variety of host behavioural and physiological processes such as the release of reproductive hormones, progression of spermatogenesis and sperm function, aggressive behaviour, and physiological metabolism. GnRH activates receptors expressed on Leydig cells and Sertoli cells, respectively to stimulate T secretion and spermatogenesis in the testis. Photoperiod affects the reproductive system of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis via rhythmic diurnal melatonin secretion. Increased release of melatonin promotes sexual activity, GnRH production, LH stimulation, and T production. This induces testicular functions, spermatogenesis, and puberty. GnRH reduces the release of LH by the pituitary through the cascade effect and decreases plasma concentration of T. Gut microbiota maintain sex steroid homeostasis and may induce reduction in reproduction productivity. Recently, findings of kisspeptin-neurokinin-dynorphin neuronal network in the brain have resulted in fast advances in how GnRH secretion is controlled. Emerging studies have also indicated that other neuropeptide analogues could be used in control reproduction procedures in various goat and sheep breeds. The Tibetan male sheep and goats reproduce on a seasonal basis and have high reproductive performance. This is a review for the role of GnRH in Tibetan male sheep and goats reproduction. This is intended to enhance reproductive knowledge for understanding the key roles of GnRH relating to male reproductive efficiency of Tibetan sheep or goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangsheng Zhao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Michael Adjei
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Zhenjie Yuan
- Institute of Animal Science, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Science, Lhasa, China
| | - Zhuoma Cisang
- Institute of Animal Science, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Science, Lhasa, China
| | - Tianzeng Song
- Institute of Animal Science, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Science, Lhasa, China
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Hirayama J, Hattori A, Takahashi A, Furusawa Y, Tabuchi Y, Shibata M, Nagamatsu A, Yano S, Maruyama Y, Matsubara H, Sekiguchi T, Suzuki N. Physiological consequences of space flight, including abnormal bone metabolism, space radiation injury, and circadian clock dysregulation: Implications of melatonin use and regulation as a countermeasure. J Pineal Res 2023; 74:e12834. [PMID: 36203395 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to the space environment induces a number of pathophysiological outcomes in astronauts, including bone demineralization, sleep disorders, circadian clock dysregulation, cardiovascular and metabolic dysfunction, and reduced immune system function. A recent report describing experiments aboard the Space Shuttle mission, STS-132, showed that the level of melatonin, a hormone that provides the biochemical signal of darkness, was decreased during microgravity in an in vitro culture model. Additionally, abnormal lighting conditions in outer space, such as low light intensity in orbital spacecraft and the altered 24-h light-dark cycles, may result in the dysregulation of melatonin rhythms and the misalignment of the circadian clock from sleep and work schedules in astronauts. Studies on Earth have demonstrated that melatonin regulates various physiological functions including bone metabolism. These data suggest that the abnormal regulation of melatonin in outer space may contribute to pathophysiological conditions of astronauts. In addition, experiments with high-linear energy transfer radiation, a ground-based model of space radiation, showed that melatonin may serve as a protectant against space radiation. Gene expression profiling using an in vitro culture model exposed to space flight during the STS-132 mission, showed that space radiation alters the expression of DNA repair and oxidative stress response genes, indicating that melatonin counteracts the expression of these genes responsive to space radiation to promote cell survival. These findings implicate the use of exogenous melatonin and the regulation of endogenous melatonin as countermeasures for the physiological consequences of space flight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hirayama
- Department of Clinical Engineering, Faculty of Health Sciences & Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Sustainable Systems Science, Komatsu University, Komatsu, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Hattori
- Department of Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Ichikawa, Japan
| | | | - Yukihiro Furusawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Tabuchi
- Life Science Research Center, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Masahiro Shibata
- Department of Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Ichikawa, Japan
| | | | - Sachiko Yano
- Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yusuke Maruyama
- Department of Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Ichikawa, Japan
| | - Hajime Matsubara
- Noto Center for Fisheries Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Noto-cho, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Toshio Sekiguchi
- Noto Marine Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Noto-cho, Japan
| | - Nobuo Suzuki
- Noto Marine Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Noto-cho, Japan
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Choi D. Expressions of Gonadotropin Subunit Genes in the Reproductively
Inactive Golden Hamsters. Dev Reprod 2022; 26:37-47. [PMID: 35950168 PMCID: PMC9336214 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2022.26.2.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Photoperiod has well been established to regulate testicular activities in golden
hamsters. These animals breed actively around summer but become infertile in
winter. In males, testicles are full of multistep germ cells including
spermatozoa in summer. But in winter only fundamental cells consisting of the
testicles are detected. The testicular degeneration is accompanied by the
reduced levels of blood gonadotropins and testosterone. In this study, the
expressions of gonadotropin subunit genes were investigated in the reproductive
active and inactive testicles. And parts of sequences of the gonadotropin
subunits were identified and compared with those of other rodents. As results,
common gonadotropin alpha (CGa), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) β,
and luteinizing hormone (LH) β genes were equivalently detected in
pituitaries of both sexually active and inactive animals. In considering low
concentrations of gonadotropin hormones determined in pituitary, the present
findings imply that the processes involved in translation and/or formation of
functional hormones could be impeded in the sexually inactive hamsters. All the
nucleotide sequences of gonadotropin subunits identified in this study were same
as those reported previously except for one base in CGa. An unsure amino acid
deduced from the CGa sequence was confirmed from mRNA sequencing. The outcomes
mentioned above suggest that animals with regressed testes prepare for the
sexually active period forthcoming in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donchan Choi
- Dept. of Life Science, College of Health
and Welfare Sciences, Yong-In University, Yongin
17092, Korea
- Corresponding author Donchan Choi, Dept. of
Life Science, College of Health and Welfare Sciences, Yong-In University, Yongin
17092, Korea Tel: +82-31-8020-2781, Fax:
+82-31-8020-2886, E-mail:
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Mishra SK, Liu T, Wang H. Identification of Rhythmically Expressed LncRNAs in the Zebrafish Pineal Gland and Testis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7810. [PMID: 34360576 PMCID: PMC8346003 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Noncoding RNAs have been known to contribute to a variety of fundamental life processes, such as development, metabolism, and circadian rhythms. However, much remains unrevealed in the huge noncoding RNA datasets, which require further bioinformatic analysis and experimental investigation-and in particular, the coding potential of lncRNAs and the functions of lncRNA-encoded peptides have not been comprehensively studied to date. Through integrating the time-course experimentation with state-of-the-art computational techniques, we studied tens of thousands of zebrafish lncRNAs from our own experiments and from a published study including time-series transcriptome analyses of the testis and the pineal gland. Rhythmicity analysis of these data revealed approximately 700 rhythmically expressed lncRNAs from the pineal gland and the testis, and their GO, COG, and KEGG pathway functions were analyzed. Comparative and conservative analyses determined 14 rhythmically expressed lncRNAs shared between both the pineal gland and the testis, and 15 pineal gland lncRNAs as well as 3 testis lncRNAs conserved among zebrafish, mice, and humans. Further, we computationally analyzed the conserved lncRNA-encoded peptides, and revealed three pineal gland and one testis lncRNA-encoded peptides conserved among these three species, which were further investigated for their three-dimensional (3D) structures and potential functions. Our computational findings provided novel annotations and regulatory mechanisms for hundreds of rhythmically expressed pineal gland and testis lncRNAs in zebrafish, and set the stage for their experimental studies in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shital Kumar Mishra
- Center for Circadian Clocks, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (S.K.M.); (T.L.)
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Taole Liu
- Center for Circadian Clocks, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (S.K.M.); (T.L.)
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Han Wang
- Center for Circadian Clocks, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (S.K.M.); (T.L.)
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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Jeon GH, Lee SH, Cheon YP, Choi D. Blood-Testis Barrier and Sperm Delayed in the Cauda Epididymis of the Reproductively Regressed Syrian Hamsters. Dev Reprod 2021; 25:1-14. [PMID: 33977170 PMCID: PMC8087257 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2021.25.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The Syrian (golden) hamsters are seasonal breeders whose reproductive functions
are active in summer and inactive in winter. In experimental facility mimicking
winter climate, short photoperiod (SP) induces gonadal regression. The
blood-testis barrier (BTB) of the sexually involuted animals have been reported
to be permeable, allowing developing germ cells to be engulfed or sloughed off
the epithelium of the seminiferous tubules. The expressions of genes related to
the tight junction composing of BTB were investigated in the reproductive active
and inactive testes. Claudin-11, occludin, and junctional adhesion molecule
(JAM) were definitely expressed in the active testes but not discernably
detected in the inactive testes. And spermatozoa (sperm) were observed in the
whole lengths of epididymides in the active testes. They were witnessed in only
cauda region of the epididymides but not in caput and corpus regions in animals
with the inactive testes. The results imply that the disorganization of BTB is
associated with the testicular regression. The developing germ cells are
swallowed into the Sertoli cells or travel into the lumen, as supported by the
presence of the sperm delayed in the last region of the epididymis. These
outcomes suggest that both apoptosis and desquamation are the processes that
eliminate the germ cells during the regressing stage in the Syrian hamsters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geon Hyung Jeon
- Dept. of Life Science, College of Public Health and Welfare Sciences, Yong-In University, Yongin 17092, Korea
| | - Sung-Ho Lee
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Korea
| | - Yong-Pil Cheon
- Division of Developmental Biology and Physiology, Dept. of Biotechnology, Sungshin University, Seoul 02844, Korea
| | - Donchan Choi
- Dept. of Life Science, College of Public Health and Welfare Sciences, Yong-In University, Yongin 17092, Korea
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Segovia-Roldan M, Diez ER, Pueyo E. Melatonin to Rescue the Aged Heart: Antiarrhythmic and Antioxidant Benefits. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:8876792. [PMID: 33791076 PMCID: PMC7984894 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8876792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Aging comes with gradual loss of functions that increase the vulnerability to disease, senescence, and death. The mechanisms underlying these processes are linked to a prolonged imbalance between damage and repair. Damaging mechanisms include oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, chronodisruption, inflammation, and telomere attrition, as well as genetic and epigenetic alterations. Several endogenous tissue repairing mechanisms also decrease. These alterations associated with aging affect the entire organism. The most devastating manifestations involve the cardiovascular system and may lead to lethal cardiac arrhythmias. Together with structural remodeling, electrophysiological and intercellular communication alterations during aging predispose to arrhythmic events. Despite the knowledge on repairing mechanisms in the cardiovascular system, effective antiaging strategies able to reduce the risk of arrhythmias are still missing. Melatonin is a promising therapeutic candidate due to its pleiotropic actions. This indoleamine regulates chronobiology and endocrine physiology. Of relevance, melatonin is an antiaging, antioxidant, antiapoptotic, antiarrhythmic, immunomodulatory, and antiproliferative molecule. This review focuses on the protective effects of melatonin on age-induced cardiac functional and structural alterations, potentially becoming a new fountain of youth for the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Segovia-Roldan
- Biomedical Signal Interpretation and Computational Simulation (BSICoS), I3A, Universidad de Zaragoza, IIS Aragón and CIBER-BBN, Spain
| | | | - Esther Pueyo
- Biomedical Signal Interpretation and Computational Simulation (BSICoS), I3A, Universidad de Zaragoza, IIS Aragón and CIBER-BBN, Spain
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Bakalov DV, Andreeva Gateva P, Tafradjiiska-Hadjiolova RK. Differences between paediatric and adult suspected neuropsychiatric adverse drug reactions of Melatonin reported to the European Medicines Agency. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2021.1932595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitar Vaskov Bakalov
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Pavlina Andreeva Gateva
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Jeon GH, Kim HJ, Park J, Lee SH, Cheon YP, Choi D. The Effects of Daily Melatonin Gavage on Reproductive Activity in the Male Syrian Hamsters. Dev Reprod 2020; 24:263-276. [PMID: 33537513 PMCID: PMC7837417 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2020.24.4.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The proper administration of melatonin has well been documented to induce testicular regression in seasonal breeding animals. The subcutaneous injections of melatonin in the afternoon, not in the morning, consistently occurred testicular involution in the male Syrian (golden) hamsters whose reproductive activity is regulated by the photoperiod. But the effects of daily melatonin via gavage have not been estimated. Golden hamsters housed in long photoperiod (LP) were divided into 5 groups: the control animals housed in LP or in short photoperiod (SP) and animals treated daily with low (15 μg), middle (150 μg), and high dosages (1,500 μg) of pure melatonin by using gavage in the evening for 8 weeks. As results, LP control animals had large testes and SP controls displayed small and entirely regressed testes. The animals treated with various dosages of melatonin showed collectively degenerating effects on the weights of testes, epididymides, and seminal vesicles in the middle and high dosage groups, with the individual differences as well. The high dosages induced testicular regression in more proportion than the middle dosages did. The low dosage had large testes like the LP control animals. The small and inactive testes shown in some animals of both middle and high groups presented the complete regression as those of the animals maintained in SP. These results strongly suggest that the administrations of melatonin lead to testicular involution in the male golden hamsters when it is administered through gavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geon Hyung Jeon
- Dept. of Life Science, College of Environmental Sciences, Yong-In University, Yongin 17092, Korea
| | - Hyeon Jeong Kim
- Dept. of Life Science, College of Environmental Sciences, Yong-In University, Yongin 17092, Korea
| | - Jinsoo Park
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Korea
| | - Sung-Ho Lee
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Korea
| | - Yong-Pil Cheon
- Division of Developmental Biology and Physiology, Dept. of Biotechnology, Sungshin University, Seoul 02844, Korea
| | - Donchan Choi
- Dept. of Life Science, College of Environmental Sciences, Yong-In University, Yongin 17092, Korea
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Choi D. Effects of Dietary Supplement Containing Melatonin on Reproductive Activity in Male Golden Hamsters. Dev Reprod 2019; 23:101-110. [PMID: 31321350 PMCID: PMC6635611 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2019.23.2.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is a pineal hormone that is synthesized and released at night under the
light and dark cycles of a day. Its effects on the reproductive activities have
well been established by the administration through various routes in
photoperiodic animals. It was also identified in plants and named
phytomelatonin. The capacity of the phytomelatonin was investigated in this
investigation whether it affects the reproductive function in male golden
hamster. As expected, animals housed in long photoperiod (long photoperiod,
LP>12.5 hours of lights in a day) had large testes and animals kept in
short photoperiod (SP≦12.5 hours of lights in a day) showed remarkably
reduced testes. The dietary supplement with melatonin itself induced the
complete involution of testes. Pistachios that were reported to contain a large
amount of melatonin demonstrated no effects at all in male golden hamsters.
These results suggest that dietary supplement containing melatonin-rich
foodstuff used in this investigation may not be enough to affect the
reproductive endocrine system in male golden hamsters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donchan Choi
- Dept. of Life Science, College of Environmental Sciences, Yong-In University, Yongin 17092, Korea
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Tiong YL, Ng KY, Koh RY, Ponnudurai G, Chye SM. Melatonin Prevents Oxidative Stress-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Apoptosis in High Glucose-Treated Schwann Cells via Upregulation of Bcl2, NF-κB, mTOR, Wnt Signalling Pathways. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8070198. [PMID: 31247931 PMCID: PMC6680940 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8070198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathy is a complication that affects more than 50% of long-standing diabetic patients. One of the causes of diabetes neuropathy (DN) is the apoptosis of Schwann cells due to prolonged exposure to high glucose and build-up of oxidative stress. Melatonin is a hormone that has a known antioxidant property. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of melatonin on high glucose-induced Schwann cells' apoptosis. Our results revealed that high glucose promoted apoptosis via mitochondrial-related oxidative stress and downregulated Bcl-2 family proteins in Schwann cells. In this signalling pathway, Bcl-2, Bcl-XL and Mcl-1 proteins were down-regulated while p-BAD and Puma proteins were up-regulated by high glucose treatment. Besides, we also proved that high glucose promoted apoptosis in Schwann cells through decreasing the p-NF-κB in the NF-κB signalling pathway. Key regulators of mTOR signalling pathway such as p-mTOR, Rictor and Raptor were also down-regulated after high glucose treatment. Additionally, high glucose treatment also decreased the Wnt signalling pathway downstream proteins (Wnt 5a/b, p-Lrp6 and Axin). Our results showed that melatonin treatment significantly inhibited high glucose-induced ROS generation, restored mitochondrial membrane potential and inhibited high glucose-induced apoptosis in Schwann cells. Furthermore, melatonin reversed the alterations of protein expression caused by high glucose treatment. Our results concluded that melatonin alleviates high glucose-induced apoptosis in Schwann cells through mitigating mitochondrial-related oxidative stress and the alterations of Bcl-2, NF-κB, mTOR and Wnt signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Lian Tiong
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Khuen Yen Ng
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
| | - Rhun Yian Koh
- School of Health Science, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | | | - Soi Moi Chye
- School of Health Science, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia.
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Park JI, Jeon BH, Kim TH, Kim HJ, Choi D. The Expressional Pattern of Epididymal Protease Inhibitor (EPPIN) in the Male Syrian Hamsters. Dev Reprod 2018; 22:253-262. [PMID: 30324162 PMCID: PMC6182231 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2018.22.3.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The spermatogenesis is the process by which spermatozoa are generated in the
testes. The spermatozoa travel male reproductive tract during which they meet
many substances secreted from reproductive organs. One of the substances is
epididymal protease inhibitor (EPPIN) that is involved in the post-testicular
maturation including capability of fertilizing the eggs. The expression of EPPIN
gene was investigated in various tissues of sexually mature and regressed male
Syrian hamsters by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The
EPPIN gene was identified in the testis and epididymis of the male Syrian
hamsters and compared to the genes reported previously. There was no expression
of EPPIN gene in reproductively and completely regressed testes of Syrian
hamster. These results suggest that the expressions of the EPPIN gene are
associated with the reproductive capability in the Syrian hamsters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong In Park
- Dept. of Life Science, College of Environmental Sciences, Yong-In University, Yongin 17092, Korea
| | - Byung Hyun Jeon
- Dept. of Life Science, College of Environmental Sciences, Yong-In University, Yongin 17092, Korea
| | - Tae Hong Kim
- Dept. of Life Science, College of Environmental Sciences, Yong-In University, Yongin 17092, Korea
| | - Hyung June Kim
- Dept. of Life Science, College of Environmental Sciences, Yong-In University, Yongin 17092, Korea
| | - Donchan Choi
- Dept. of Life Science, College of Environmental Sciences, Yong-In University, Yongin 17092, Korea
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Choi D, Lee SJ, Lee MH, Lee DK. Bitter Melon Seed Extract does not Alter Photoperiodic Effects on Reproduction of Male Golden Hamsters. Dev Reprod 2017; 21:215-221. [PMID: 28785742 PMCID: PMC5532313 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2017.21.2.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Bitter melon (Momordica charantia, MC) has been used in
traditional Korean medicine in treating diabetes. In addition, some reports were
emerged, showing the antifertility activities of MC in mammals. We investigated
the effects of ethanolic MC extract on the reproductive activity of golden
hamsters whose spermatogenetic capacity is controlled by their photoperiods. The
animals were divided into 4 groups: long photoperiod (LP) control, short
photoperiod (SP) control, and LP animals treated with MC. The animals were
orally ingested with low (0.03 g/kg) or high (0.15 g/kg) concentrations of the
ethanolic extracts for 8 weeks on the daily basis. The control animals received
the vehicle. The animals were then mated with age-matched females, experienced
pregnancy. As results, the LP control animals showed active large testes but SP
control animals displayed remarkably reduced testes. The animals treated with
both concentrations of MC extracts demonstrated large testes, indicating fertile
activity as animals in LP. LP control animals had litters as expected, but SP
controls had no litters at all. MC extract showed the same results as LP animals
in generating offsprings. These results suggest that the MC extract does not
change the photoperiodic influence on reproductive activity of male golden
hamsters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donchan Choi
- Department of Life Science, College of Environmental Sciences, Yong-In University, Yongin 17092, Korea
| | - Su Ji Lee
- Department of Life Science, College of Environmental Sciences, Yong-In University, Yongin 17092, Korea
| | - Min Hyuck Lee
- Department of Life Science, College of Environmental Sciences, Yong-In University, Yongin 17092, Korea
| | - Dong Kyu Lee
- Department of Life Science, College of Environmental Sciences, Yong-In University, Yongin 17092, Korea
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Krylov VV. Biological effects related to geomagnetic activity and possible mechanisms. Bioelectromagnetics 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/bem.22062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Viacheslav V. Krylov
- I.D. Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters Russian Academy of Sciences; Borok Russian Federation
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