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Perugini J, Smorlesi A, Acciarini S, Mondini E, Colleluori G, Pirazzini C, Kwiatkowska KM, Garagnani P, Franceschi C, Zingaretti MC, Dani C, Giordano A, Cinti S. Adipo-Epithelial Transdifferentiation in In Vitro Models of the Mammary Gland. Cells 2024; 13:943. [PMID: 38891075 PMCID: PMC11171678 DOI: 10.3390/cells13110943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Subcutaneous adipocytes are crucial for mammary gland epithelial development during pregnancy. Our and others' previous data have suggested that adipo-epithelial transdifferentiation could play a key role in the mammary gland alveolar development. In this study, we tested whether adipo-epithelial transdifferentiation occurs in vitro. Data show that, under appropriate co-culture conditions with mammary epithelial organoids (MEOs), mature adipocytes lose their phenotype and acquire an epithelial one. Interestingly, even in the absence of MEOs, extracellular matrix and diffusible growth factors are able to promote adipo-epithelial transdifferentiation. Gene and protein expression studies indicate that transdifferentiating adipocytes exhibit some characteristics of milk-secreting alveolar glands, including significantly higher expression of milk proteins such as whey acidic protein and β-casein. Similar data were also obtained in cultured human multipotent adipose-derived stem cell adipocytes. A miRNA sequencing experiment on the supernatant highlighted mir200c, which has a well-established role in the mesenchymal-epithelial transition, as a potential player in this phenomenon. Collectively, our data show that adipo-epithelial transdifferentiation can be reproduced in in vitro models where this phenomenon can be investigated at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Perugini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center of Obesity, Marche Polytechnic University—United Hospitals, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (J.P.); (A.S.); (S.A.); (E.M.); (G.C.); (M.C.Z.); (A.G.)
| | - Arianna Smorlesi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center of Obesity, Marche Polytechnic University—United Hospitals, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (J.P.); (A.S.); (S.A.); (E.M.); (G.C.); (M.C.Z.); (A.G.)
| | - Samantha Acciarini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center of Obesity, Marche Polytechnic University—United Hospitals, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (J.P.); (A.S.); (S.A.); (E.M.); (G.C.); (M.C.Z.); (A.G.)
| | - Eleonora Mondini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center of Obesity, Marche Polytechnic University—United Hospitals, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (J.P.); (A.S.); (S.A.); (E.M.); (G.C.); (M.C.Z.); (A.G.)
| | - Georgia Colleluori
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center of Obesity, Marche Polytechnic University—United Hospitals, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (J.P.); (A.S.); (S.A.); (E.M.); (G.C.); (M.C.Z.); (A.G.)
| | - Chiara Pirazzini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (C.P.); (K.M.K.); (P.G.); (C.F.)
| | - Katarzyna Malgorzata Kwiatkowska
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (C.P.); (K.M.K.); (P.G.); (C.F.)
| | - Paolo Garagnani
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (C.P.); (K.M.K.); (P.G.); (C.F.)
- IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (C.P.); (K.M.K.); (P.G.); (C.F.)
- Laboratory of Systems Medicine of Healthy Aging, Institute of Biology and Biomedicine and Institute of Information Technology, Mathematics and Mechanics, Department of Applied Mathematics, N. I. Lobachevsky State University, 603005 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Maria Cristina Zingaretti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center of Obesity, Marche Polytechnic University—United Hospitals, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (J.P.); (A.S.); (S.A.); (E.M.); (G.C.); (M.C.Z.); (A.G.)
| | - Christian Dani
- Faculté de Médecine, CNRS, INSERM, iBV, Université Côte d’Azur, CEDEX 2, F-06107 Nice, France;
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center of Obesity, Marche Polytechnic University—United Hospitals, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (J.P.); (A.S.); (S.A.); (E.M.); (G.C.); (M.C.Z.); (A.G.)
| | - Saverio Cinti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center of Obesity, Marche Polytechnic University—United Hospitals, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (J.P.); (A.S.); (S.A.); (E.M.); (G.C.); (M.C.Z.); (A.G.)
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Pereira A, Garmendia ML, Leiva V, Corvalán C, Michels KB, Shepherd J. Breast composition during and after puberty: the Chilean Growth and Obesity Cohort Study. Breast Cancer Res 2024; 26:45. [PMID: 38475816 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-024-01793-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast density (BD) is a strong risk factor for breast cancer. Little is known about how BD develops during puberty. Understanding BD trajectories during puberty and its determinants could be crucial for promoting preventive actions against breast cancer (BC) at early ages. The objective of this research is to characterize % fibroglandular volume (%FGV), absolute fibroglandular volume (AFGV), and breast volume (BV) at different breast Tanner stages until 4-year post menarche in a Latino cohort and to assess determinants of high %FGV and AFGV during puberty and in a fully mature breast. METHODS This is a longitudinal follow-up of 509 girls from low-middle socioeconomic status of the Southeast area of Santiago, recruited at a mean age of 3.5 years. The inclusion criteria were singleton birth born, birthweight between 2500 and 4500 g with no medical or mental disorder. A trained dietitian measured weight and height since 3.5 years old and sexual maturation from 8 years old (breast Tanner stages and age at menarche onset). Using standardized methods, BD was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in various developmental periods (breast Tanner stage B1 until 4 years after menarche onset). RESULTS In the 509 girls, we collected 1,442 breast DXA scans; the mean age at Tanner B4 was 11.3 years. %FGV increased across breast Tanner stages and peaked 250 days after menarche. AFGV and BV peaked 2 years after menarche onset. Girls in the highest quartiles of %FGV, AFGV, and BV at Tanner B4 and B5 before menarche onset had the highest values thereafter until 4 years after menarche onset. The most important determinants of %FGV and AFGV variability were BMI z-score (R2 = 44%) and time since menarche (R2 = 42%), respectively. CONCLUSION We characterize the breast development during puberty, a critical window of susceptibility. Although the onset of menarche is a key milestone for breast development, we observed that girls in the highest quartiles of %FGV and AFGV tracked in that group afterwards. Following these participants in adulthood would be of interest to understand the changes in breast composition during this period and its potential link with BC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Pereira
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Valeria Leiva
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Camila Corvalán
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Karin B Michels
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
- Institute for Prevention and Cancer Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - John Shepherd
- Population Sciences in the Pacific Program (Cancer Epidemiology), University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
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Monteiro M, Zhang X, Yee D. Insulin promotes growth in breast cancer cells through the type I IGF receptor in insulin receptor deficient cells. Exp Cell Res 2024; 434:113862. [PMID: 38036052 PMCID: PMC10842809 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. The upregulation of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system observed in certain types of breast cancers was linked to growth, metastasis, and survival resulting in multiple strategies designed to target the type I IGF receptor (IGF-1R) in breast cancer. These attempts failed to prove beneficial and it has been suggested that insulin receptor (IR) could also play an important role in breast cancer biology. To better understand the IR's role in breast cancer cells, the receptor was deleted from MCF-7L cells using CRISPR technology, and fluorescence-assisted cell sorting was used to obtain clone 35 (CL35). It was found that CL35 activated signaling pathways upon insulin stimulation despite the absence of IR expression. We hypothesized that CL35 used a surrogate receptor for sustained growth and development. IGF-1R was able to activate insulin signaling and growth in CL35. Thus, insulin may play a central role in regulating breast cancer growth due to its ability to activate all the receptors of the IGF family. These findings argue that dual targeting of IR and IGF-IR may be required to inhibit breast cancer growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvis Monteiro
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA; Purdue University, Heine Pharmacy Building, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2091, USA
| | - Xihong Zhang
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Douglas Yee
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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Tharwat M, Almundarij TI, Sadan M, Khorshid F, Swelum A. Is camel's urine friend or enemy? Review of its role in human health or diseases. Open Vet J 2023; 13:1228-1238. [PMID: 38027399 PMCID: PMC10658017 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2023.v13.i10.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Camels play an important role in the pastoral mode of life by fulfilling basic demands of livelihood. Various pathologies, such as tuberculosis, hemorrhoids, ascites, increased size of the abdomen, gas colic, anemia, and abdominal tumors, were treated with animal urine, including camels, horses, donkeys, sheep, goats, elephants, and buffalo. Thirty different compounds were analyzed in camel urine by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. For inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analysis, 28 important elements were analyzed in the urine of both camel and bovine. It was found that the inorganic elements are almost similar, except sodium, potassium, iron, zinc, and magnesium are higher in levels in camel urine, while chromium is high in bovine urine. Camel urine also contains different nanoparticles, crystals, and nano-rods with varying shapes and sizes, which offer potent selective cytotoxic activity against several lines of cancer cells. It is believed that the camel's urine has a therapeutic effect for a wide range of diseases such as chill, fever, or even tumors; therefore, it has been consumed in the Arabian Peninsula for a long time. Usually, patients take it directly or by mixing a few drops with camel milk. Camel urine is also used for therapeutic purposes, most widely in Asia, Africa, the United States, the United Kingdom, and other European countries. The religious aspect of using camel urine in treatment comes from the fact that there has been convincing evidence that the Prophet Mohammad (PBUH) suggested the use of camel urine to treat his companions who were suffering from abdominal pains at that time. The camel's urine has anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal properties. It also has hepato-protective and cardiovascular effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Tharwat
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tariq I. Almundarij
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Madeh Sadan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Faten Khorshid
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- PMF Natural Products Company, Al-Suez, Egypt
- Yousef Abdul Latif Jameel Scientific Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman Swelum
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Badillo-Suárez PA, Rodríguez-Cruz M, Bernabe-García M, Villa-Morales J, Iglesias-Rodríguez R, Canizales-Quinteros S, Carmona-Sierra FV. Influence of Maternal Body Fat on Levels of Insulin, Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1, and Obestatin. J Hum Lact 2022; 38:619-632. [PMID: 35950305 DOI: 10.1177/08903344221112946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin, insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1), and obestatin in human milk originate from the circulation. There is also limited knowledge about the influence of body fat on the levels of these hormones in human milk. RESEARCH AIM To determine (1) the influence of body fat on levels of insulin, IGF-1, and obestatin in human milk and serum/plasma during the postpartum period; (2) the changes in the levels of these hormones in human milk and serum/plasma postpartum; and (3) the presence of IGF-1 mRNA in human milk. METHODS In this prospective, longitudinal, observational cohort study, levels of insulin, IGF-1, and obestatin were measured up to 30 days postpartum in milk and serum/plasma of 58 participants with adequate (≤ 32%) or excess (> 32%) total body fat determined by electrical bioimpedance. Student's t test and repeated-measures analysis of variance were used to evaluate the differences between groups. Pearson's test was used to analyze the associations. RESULTS The milk from participants with excess body fat had higher insulin and IGF-1 levels and lower obestatin levels than that of participants with adequate body fat at 3-7, 14-15, and 30 days postpartum (adjusted p < .001). The levels of insulin, IGF-1, and obestatin were significantly higher in human milk than in serum/plasma (p < .05) and correlated with maternal body fat (p < .001). CONCLUSIONS Maternal body fat was associated with elevated insulin and IGF-1 levels and decreased obestatin levels in human milk up to 30 days postpartum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar A Badillo-Suárez
- Laboratorio de Nutrición Molecular, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Nutrición (UIMN), Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI (CMN-SXXI), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Mexico City, Mexico.,Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico.,Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Maricela Rodríguez-Cruz
- Laboratorio de Nutrición Molecular, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Nutrición (UIMN), Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI (CMN-SXXI), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mariela Bernabe-García
- Laboratorio de Nutrición Molecular, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Nutrición (UIMN), Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI (CMN-SXXI), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Judith Villa-Morales
- Laboratorio de Nutrición Molecular, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Nutrición (UIMN), Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI (CMN-SXXI), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Iglesias-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Nutrición Molecular, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Nutrición (UIMN), Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI (CMN-SXXI), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Samuel Canizales-Quinteros
- Unidad de Genómica de Poblaciones Aplicada a la Salud, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico/Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fairt V Carmona-Sierra
- Unidad de Medicina Familiar Number 4, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Mexico City, Mexico
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Solodneva EV, Kuznetsov SB, Velieva AE, Stolpovsky YA. Molecular-Genetic Bases of Mammary Gland Development Using the Example of Cattle and Other Animal Species: I. Embryonic and Pubertal Developmental Stage. RUSS J GENET+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795422080087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Mirzaei-Alamouti H, Abdollahi A, Rahimi H, Moradi S, Vazirigohar M, Aschenbach JR. Effects of dietary oil sources (sunflower and fish) on fermentation characteristics, epithelial gene expression and microbial community in the rumen of lambs fed a high-concentrate diet. Arch Anim Nutr 2022; 75:405-421. [PMID: 35112609 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2021.1997539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The feeding of high-concentrate diets commonly results in lowered pH and ruminal dysbiosis which cause shifts in uptake dynamics of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and altered epithelial function. Therefore, the current study evaluated the effect of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on ruminal fermentation products, gene expression in the ruminal epithelium and the associated changes in ruminal microorganisms in lambs fed a high-concentrate diet. Twenty-six Afshari lambs adapted to a high-concentrate diet during a completely randomised design were fed with a basal diet supplemented with 100 g oil supplement (OS; 60 g sunflower oil and 40 g fish oil) for 10 (OS10), 20 (OS20) and 30 (OS30) d, respectively (n = 6). Lambs with no oil supplementation (OS0, n = 8) were considered as control and slaughtered at d 0 of the experiment, and the remaining lambs were slaughtered at 10, 20 and 30 d on feed. After slaughter, ruminal digesta was collected for evaluating fermentation and microbial community. Ruminal papillae were taken for assessment of epithelial gene expression. Compared with OS0 lambs, supplemental PUFA in OS30 lambs tended to decrease total SCFA concentration with decreased acetic and increased propionic acid concentrations. Acetate:propionate ratios were decreased and ruminal pH was increased in OS20 and OS30 lambs compared to OS0. All groups with included OS had decreased concentrations of iso-valeric and valeric acids compared to OS0. Relative mRNA abundance of monocarboxylate transporter isoforms 1 and 4, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3, sterol regulatory element-binding proteins 1 and 2 decreased with increasing OS duration. The relative abundance of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 1 mRNA transcript was higher for OS10 and OS20 lambs relative to OS0 lambs. OS20 and OS30 showed a decrease of lipopolysaccharide binding protein mRNA expression compared with OS0. Feeding supplemental PUFA decreased Ciliate protozoa and increased Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens in OS20 and OS30 lambs, whereas Megasphaera elsdenii was increased in OS30 lambs. In conclusion, combined supplementation of sunflower and fish oil to a high-concentrate diet affects the ruminal microbial community with prominent decreases in ruminal ciliate protozoa and increases in B. fibrisolvens and M. elsdenii. These results lead to a more stabilised ruminal pH and a fermentation shift towards more propionate generation. Consideration of nutrients digestion will help to fully understand the benefits of feeding PUFA with a high-concentrate diet.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arman Abdollahi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hasan Rahimi
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Saeedeh Moradi
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mina Vazirigohar
- Zist Dam Group, University of Zanjan Incubator Center, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Jörg R Aschenbach
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Mansour MA, Caputo VS, Aleem E. Highlights on selected growth factors and their receptors as promising anticancer drug targets. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2021; 140:106087. [PMID: 34563698 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2021.106087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Growth factor receptors (GFRs) and receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) are groups of proteins mediating a plethora of physiological processes, including cell growth, proliferation, survival, differentiation and migration. Under certain circumstances, expression of GFRs and subsequently their downstream kinase signaling are deregulated by genetic, epigenetic, and somatic changes leading to uncontrolled cell division in many human diseases, most notably cancer. Cancer cells rely on growth factors to sustain the increasing need to cell division and metabolic reprogramming through cancer-associated activating mutations of their receptors (i.e., GFRs). In this review, we highlight the recent advances of selected GFRs and their ligands (growth factors) in cancer with emphasis on structural and functional differences. We also interrogate how overexpression and/or hyperactivation of GFRs contribute to cancer initiation, development, progression, and resistance to conventional chemo- and radiotherapies. Novel approaches are being developed as anticancer agents to target growth factor receptors and their signaling pathways in different cancers. Here, we illustrate how the current knowledge of GFRs biology, and their ligands lead to development of targeted therapies to inhibit and/or block the activity of growth factors, GFRs and downstream kinases to treat diseases such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Mansour
- Cancer Biology and Therapy Lab, Division of Human Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, London South Bank University, London, UK; Biochemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt.
| | - Valentina S Caputo
- Cancer Biology and Therapy Lab, Division of Human Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, London South Bank University, London, UK
| | - Eiman Aleem
- Cancer Biology and Therapy Lab, Division of Human Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, London South Bank University, London, UK.
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Jenkins EC, Brown SO, Germain D. The Multi-Faced Role of PAPP-A in Post-Partum Breast Cancer: IGF-Signaling is Only the Beginning. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2020; 25:181-189. [PMID: 32901383 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-020-09456-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling and control of local bioavailability of free IGF by the IGF binding proteins (IGFBP) are important regulators of both mammary development and breast cancer. A recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) identified small nucleotide polymorphisms that reduce the expression of IGFBP-5 as a risk factor of developing breast cancer. This observation suggests that genetic alterations leading to a decreased level of IGFBP-5 may also contribute to breast cancer. In the current review, we focus on Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein A (PAPP-A), a protease involved in the degradation of IGFBP-5. PAPP-A is overexpressed in the majority of breast cancers but its role in cancer has only begun to be explored. More specifically, this review aims at highlighting the role of post-partum involution in the oncogenic function of PAPP-A. Notably, we summarize recent studies indicating that PAPP-A plays a role not only in the degradation of IGFBP-5 but also in the deposition of collagen and activation of the collagen receptor discoidin 2 (DDR2) during post-partum involution. Finally, considering the immunosuppressive microenvironment of post-partum involution, we also discuss the unexpected finding made in Ewing Sarcoma that PAPP-A plays a role in immune evasion. While the immunosuppressive role of PAPP-A in breast cancer remains to be determined, collectively these studies highlight the multifaced role of PAPP-A in cancer that extends well beyond its effect on IGF-signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund Charles Jenkins
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/ Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Tisch Cancer Institute, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Samantha O Brown
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/ Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Tisch Cancer Institute, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Doris Germain
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/ Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Tisch Cancer Institute, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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Soeharsono S, Mulyati S, Utama S, Wurlina W, Srianto P, Restiadi TI, Mustofa I. Prediction of daily milk production from the linear body and udder morphometry in Holstein Friesian dairy cows. Vet World 2020; 13:471-477. [PMID: 32367952 PMCID: PMC7183478 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.471-477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to develop equations to predict daily milk production (DMP) based on linear body and udder morphometry of Holstein Friesian (HF) dairy cows. Materials and Methods: The experiment was conducted on 174 lactating HF dairy cows reared by farmers at different locations under similar conditions. The age, parity, and body condition score of experimental animals were limited to 0.25 of the standard deviation value above or below the average. The average DMP was based on farmers’ records. Morphometry components, i.e., body length (BL); chest circumference (CC); front udder height (FUH), rear udder height (RUH); and udder circumference (UC) were directly measured using a tape; meanwhile, body weight (BW) was estimated using the Indonesia Winter formula. The relationship variables of morphometry components (body and udder morphometry) and BW on DMP were analyzed by regression. Results: The result showed no correlation (p>0.05) between CC and BW on DMP. Meanwhile, DMP obtained linear regression (p<0.05) with the mathematical equation: 1.30+0.11*BL; 13.90+0.41*FUH; 11.02+0.18*RUH; and 3.87+0.16*UC. Conclusion: This study shows that the DMP of dairy cows could be predicted based on their BL and udder morphometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soeharsono Soeharsono
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus C Unair, Jl. Mulyorejo, Surabaya-60115, Indonesia
| | - Sri Mulyati
- Department of Veterinary Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus C Unair, Jl. Mulyorejo, Surabaya-60115, Indonesia
| | - Suzanita Utama
- Department of Veterinary Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus C Unair, Jl. Mulyorejo, Surabaya-60115, Indonesia
| | - Wurlina Wurlina
- Department of Veterinary Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus C Unair, Jl. Mulyorejo, Surabaya-60115, Indonesia
| | - Pudji Srianto
- Department of Veterinary Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus C Unair, Jl. Mulyorejo, Surabaya-60115, Indonesia
| | - Tjuk Imam Restiadi
- Department of Veterinary Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus C Unair, Jl. Mulyorejo, Surabaya-60115, Indonesia
| | - Imam Mustofa
- Department of Veterinary Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus C Unair, Jl. Mulyorejo, Surabaya-60115, Indonesia
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Li X, Li G, Du X, Sun X, Peng Z, Zhao C, Xu Q, Abdelatty A, Mohamed F, Wang Z, Liu G. Increased autophagy mediates the adaptive mechanism of the mammary gland in dairy cows with hyperketonemia. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:2545-2555. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-16910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Rumen-Protected Glucose Stimulates the Insulin-Like Growth Factor System and mTOR/AKT Pathway in the Endometrium of Early Postpartum Dairy Cows. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10020357. [PMID: 32102173 PMCID: PMC7071121 DOI: 10.3390/ani10020357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to elucidate the effects of a dietary rumen-protected glucose (RPG) addition on uterine involution through the analysis of an insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system and associated pathways in the post-natal endometrium. Twelve Holstein cows were assigned equally to two groups: a control group (CT) and an RPG group (200 g of RPG per cow per day). The plasma content of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) was determined by using the ELISA method. Expressions of IGF members, the matrix metalloproteinase, protein kinase B (AKT)/mechanistic target of rapamycin complex1 (mTOR) signaling pathway, and cell proliferation factors (proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Ki67) were detected using real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence, respectively. The results showed that the positive cells of PCNA and Ki67 were increased in the endometrium of RPG versus CT cows. The RPG addition significantly increased the plasma IGF1 level 14 d after delivery. The mRNA expressions of the IGF family members (IGF1, IGF2, type 1 IGF receptor (IGF1R) and IGF-binding proteins (IGFBP1, IGFBP2, IGFBP4 and IGFBP5)) were upregulated, and mRNA expressions of matrix metalloproteinase MMP3 and MMP9 were downregulated in cows from the RPG group compared with the CT group. Meanwhile, the protein expressions of IGF1, IGF2, IGF1R, IGFBP1 and IGFBP4 were upregulated in cows from the RPG group compared with the CT group. Immunohistochemical analysis identified a positive response for IGF1R and IGF2R in the endometrium of RPG versus CT cows. Furthermore, the RPG supplementation increased the protein expressions of phosphorylated (p)-AKT to total AKT and p-mTOR to total mTOR ratio in the endometrium. The current results indicated that the RPG supplementation promoted the proliferation of endometrial cells by stimulating the IGFs and mTOR/AKT pathway in the early post-natal endometrium of dairy cows.
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Ye L, Li X, Li L, Chen H, Ge RS. Insights into the Development of the Adult Leydig Cell Lineage from Stem Leydig Cells. Front Physiol 2017; 8:430. [PMID: 28701961 PMCID: PMC5487449 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult Leydig cells (ALCs) are the steroidogenic cells in the testes that produce testosterone. ALCs develop postnatally from a pool of stem cells, referred to as stem Leydig cells (SLCs). SLCs are spindle-shaped cells that lack steroidogenic cell markers, including luteinizing hormone (LH) receptor and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. The commitment of SLCs into the progenitor Leydig cells (PLCs), the first stage in the lineage, requires growth factors, including Dessert Hedgehog (DHH) and platelet-derived growth factor-AA. PLCs are still spindle-shaped, but become steroidogenic and produce mainly androsterone. The next transition in the lineage is from PLC to the immature Leydig cell (ILC). This transition requires LH, DHH, and androgen. ILCs are ovoid cells that are competent for producing a different form of androgen, androstanediol. The final stage in the developmental lineage is ALC. The transition to ALC involves the reduced expression of 5α-reductase 1, a step that is necessary to make the cells to produce testosterone as the final product. The transitions along the Leydig cell lineage are associated with the progressive down-regulation of the proliferative activity, and the up-regulation of steroidogenic capacity, with each step requiring unique regulatory signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leping Ye
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoheng Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou, China
| | - Linxi Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou, China
| | - Haolin Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou, China
| | - Ren-Shan Ge
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou, China
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