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Isla A, Sánchez P, Ruiz P, Albornoz R, Pontigo JP, Rauch MC, Hawes C, Vargas-Chacoff L, Yáñez AJ. Effect of low-dose Piscirickettsia salmonis infection on haematological-biochemical blood parameters in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2022; 101:1021-1032. [PMID: 35838309 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Piscirickettsia salmonis is the etiological agent of Piscirickettsiosis, a severe disease that affects Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) farmed in Chile and many other areas (Norway, Scotland, Ireland, Canada and the USA). This study investigated the effects of low-dose P. salmonis infection (1 × 102 CFU/ml) on Atlantic salmon. In this study, we challenged fish with an isolated representative of the EM-90 genogroup via intraperitoneal injection for 42 days. Infected fish displayed decreased haematocrit and haemoglobin levels at day 13 post-infection, indicating erythropenia, haemolysis and haemodilution. Conversely, their white blood cell counts increased on days 13 and 21 post-infection. Additionally, their iron levels decreased from day 2 post-infection, indicating iron deficiency and an inability to retrieve stored iron before infection. Their magnesium levels also decreased at day 28 post-infection, possibly due to osmoregulatory problems. Also, we observed an increase in lactate dehydrogenase activity on days 5, 21, and 28 post-infection, suggesting early symptoms of hepatotoxicity. Later analyses determined a decrease in plasma glucose levels from day 2 post-infection. This may be attributed to the hypoxic conditions caused by P. salmonis, leading to an excess utilization of stored carbohydrates. Our results suggest that the blood parameters we studied are useful for monitoring the physiological status of Atlantic salmon infected with P. salmonis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adolfo Isla
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Valdivia, Chile
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research, Concepción, Chile
| | - Patricio Sánchez
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Pamela Ruiz
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research, Concepción, Chile
| | - Romina Albornoz
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research, Concepción, Chile
| | - Juan P Pontigo
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencas de la Naturaleza, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad San Sebastián, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - María Cecilia Rauch
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | | | - Luis Vargas-Chacoff
- Centro Fondap de Investigación de Altas Latitudes, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Alejandro J Yáñez
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research, Concepción, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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