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Carral-Murrieta CO, Marques AC, Serviere-Zaragoza E, Estrada-González MC, Cunha AF, Fernandez MO, Mazariegos-Villarreal A, León-Cisneros K, López-Vivas J, Agüero J, Mendoza-Becerril MA. A survey of epibiont hydrozoans on Sargassum. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15423. [PMID: 37273545 PMCID: PMC10237180 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The brown alga Sargassum provides a natural substrate occupied by hydrozoans in shallow marine waters. A global count in 2007 listed 39 epibiotic species of Hydrozoa growing on Sargassum, but more studies have been published since, therefore, an update is timely, particularly due to the increased abundance of Sargassum in the Caribbean. This review, based on a recent literature survey and new records from Mexico, includes 133 publications of epibiotic hydrozoans on Sargassum spanning 220 years, from 1802 to 2022. A total of 131 hydrozoan species were recorded on 26 species of Sargassum, most belonging to the subclass Hydroidolina (130), with only one record of a trachyline medusa (Gonionemus vertens, subclass Trachylinae). Most publications centered on the Tropical Atlantic, where the greatest number of hydrozoan species (67 species) were recorded. All hydrozoan species possess a hydrorhiza, except one hydromedusae species that attach to Sargassum via adhesive tentacles. Most of the hydrozoan species associated with Sargassum exhibited a benthic life cycle (93 species) and are comprised of erect, branched colonies (67 species) and large hydrothecae (69 species). Although the number of studies of epibiotic hydrozoans on Sargassum has increased since the mid-20th century, nevertheless hydrozoan richness has not reached an asymptote. Therefore, more sampling of Sargassum species would likely identify more hydrozoan species associated with Sargassum, especially among benthic Sargassum, and might help reveal potential biogeographical and ecological patterns between Sargassum and hydrozoan epibionts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio C. Marques
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elisa Serviere-Zaragoza
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
| | | | - Amanda F. Cunha
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marina O. Fernandez
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Karla León-Cisneros
- Departamento Académico de Ciencias Marinas y Costeras, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
| | - Juan López-Vivas
- Departamento Académico de Ciencias Marinas y Costeras, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
| | - José Agüero
- Medusozoa México, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
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Decreased Irradiance and Nutrient Enrichment Mitigate the Negative Effect of Ocean Warming on Growth and Biochemical Compositions of a Canopy-Forming Marine Macroalga. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse10040479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Heatwaves under global warming have negative impacts on ecosystem primary producers. This warming effect may be synergized or antagonized by local environments such as light and nutrient availability. However, little is known about the interactive effects of warming, irradiance, and nutrients on physiology of marine macroalgae, which are dominant in coastal ecosystems. The present study examined the combined effects of warming (23 and 26 °C), irradiance (30 and 150 µmol photon m−2 s−1), and nutrients (enriched and non-enriched) on specific growth rate (SGR) and biochemical compositions of the canopy-forming marine macroalga Sargassum fusiforme. The negative effect of warming on SGR and ratio of chlorophyll (Chl) c to Chl a was antagonized by decreased irradiance. Moreover, the negative effect of temperature elevation on carbon content was antagonized by nutrient enrichment. These results suggest that the effect of warming on the growth and carbon accumulation of this species can be mitigated by decreased irradiance and nutrient enrichment.
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Bao M, Park JS, Wu H, Lee HJ, Park SR, Kim TH, Son YB, Lee TH, Yarish C, Kim JK. A comparison of physiological responses between attached and pelagic populations of Sargassum horneri under nutrient and light limitation. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 173:105544. [PMID: 34953362 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale Sargassum blooms have been increasingly observed in coastal zones in recent years. Sargassum horneri (Turner) C. Agardh blooms (pelagic) have been observed in Jeju Island (Korea) and the southwest of the Korean Peninsula, causing serious problems for seaweed and abalone farms as well as for fisheries, tourism and recreational industries. The present study explored the physiological responses of attached and pelagic S. horneri populations cultivated under different nutrient concentrations (HN: 50 μM of nitrogen and 5 μM of phosphorus; LN: 5 μM of nitrogen and 0.5 μM of phosphorus) and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) (H-PAR: 250; M-PAR: 150; L-PAR: 50 μmol photons m-2 s-1) for 25 days. Relative growth rates (RGR) were significantly lower in the pelagic population than that in the attached population. All thalli from the pelagic population died within 20 days. Chlorophyll a and c, and carotenoids were significantly higher at HN than at LN, and decreased as PAR increased for both populations. For the attached population, photosynthetic rate, tissue nitrogen, and carbon and nitrogen removal were also significantly higher at HN than at LN. These results suggest that high nutrient and lower PAR increased the biomass accumulation of attached populations in coastal areas. Nutrient limitation and high PAR may accelerate senescence of the pelagic populations while traveling on the sea surface from their point of origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglin Bao
- Department of Marine Science, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, South Korea
| | - Ji-Sook Park
- Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, South Korea
| | - Hailong Wu
- Jiangsu Institute of Marine Resources Development, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Hyuk Je Lee
- Department of Biological Science, Sangji University, Wonju, 26339, South Korea
| | - Sang Rul Park
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, South Korea
| | - Tae-Hoon Kim
- Department of Oceanography, Faculty of Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Young Baek Son
- Jeju Marine Research Section, Korean Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Jeju, 63349, South Korea
| | - Tae Hee Lee
- Jeju Marine Research Section, Korean Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Jeju, 63349, South Korea
| | - Charles Yarish
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Connecticut, 06901, USA
| | - Jang K Kim
- Department of Marine Science, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, South Korea; Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, South Korea.
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Hervé V, Lambourdière J, René-Trouillefou M, Devault DA, Lopez PJ. Sargassum Differentially Shapes the Microbiota Composition and Diversity at Coastal Tide Sites and Inland Storage Sites on Caribbean Islands. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:701155. [PMID: 34777271 PMCID: PMC8586501 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.701155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Rafts of drifting pelagic Sargassum that are circulating across the Atlantic Ocean are complex ecosystems composed of a large number of associated species. Upon massive stranding, they lead to various socio-environmental issues including the inflow of contaminants and human health concerns. In this study, we used metabarcoding approaches to examine the differences in both the eukaryotic- and prokaryotic-associated communities from Sargassum present in two islands of the Lesser Antilles, namely Guadeloupe and Martinique. We detected significant differences in microbial community structure and composition between landing Sargassum, the surrounding seawater, and Sargassum from inland storage sites. In total we identified 22,214 prokaryotic and 17,679 eukaryotic OTUs. Among them, functional prediction analyses revealed a number of prokaryotes that might contribute to organic matter decomposition, nitrogen cycling and gas production, including sulfate-reducing bacteria at coastal landing sites, and methanogenic archaea at inland storage sites. We also found that Metazoan was the most abundant group in Sargassum samples, with nematode clades that presented exclusive or specific richness and abundance patterns depending on their Sargassum substrate. Together, these molecular inventories of the micro- and meiofauna communities provide baseline information for further characterization of trophic interactions, algal organic matter decomposition and nutrient transfers at coastal and inland storage sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Hervé
- Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, Germany.,Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, UMR 7261, CNRS-Université de Tours, Avenue Monge, Tours, France
| | - Josie Lambourdière
- Biologie des ORganismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR-8067, Sorbonne Université, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Université de Caen Normandie, Université des Antilles, Paris, France
| | - Malika René-Trouillefou
- Biologie des ORganismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR-8067, Sorbonne Université, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Université de Caen Normandie, Université des Antilles, Paris, France
| | - Damien Alain Devault
- Biologie des ORganismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR-8067, Sorbonne Université, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Université de Caen Normandie, Université des Antilles, Paris, France
| | - Pascal Jean Lopez
- Biologie des ORganismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR-8067, Sorbonne Université, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Université de Caen Normandie, Université des Antilles, Paris, France
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Mendoza-Becerril MA, Serviere-Zaragoza E, Mazariegos-Villarreal A, Rivera-Perez C, Calder DR, Vázquez-Delfín EF, Freile-Pelegrín Y, Agüero J, Robledo D. Epibiont hydroids on beachcast Sargassum in the Mexican Caribbean. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9795. [PMID: 32903993 PMCID: PMC7450996 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Massive accumulations of pelagic species of Sargassum have generated recent social, economic and ecological problems along Caribbean shores. In the Mexican Caribbean, these events have prompted the study of diverse biological and ecological aspects of these macroalgae. However, studies on their associated biota, including Hydrozoa, remain scarce. This research provides important species observations in an area where data is lacking. The occurrence and percent cover of hydroids on Sargassum thalli collected on the beach at Puerto Morelos, Quintana Roo, Mexico from April 2018 to March 2019 was studied. Three pelagic species and morphotypes of Sargassum from this area were analyzed: Sargassum fluitans III, S. natans I and S. natans VIII, as well as a benthic species, S. polyceratium var. ovatum. A total of 14 taxa of hydroids, belonging to the superorders “Anthoathecata” and Leptothecata, were identified. In our study, more hydroid taxa were observed on axes of the different species of Sargassum than on leaves or aerocysts. In general, the greatest species richness of hydroids was observed from February to April. Results show that live hydrozoans attached to pelagic Sargassum are transported into the area. This should be considered in future management measures that address the recurring coastal abundance of Sargassum and its associated biota in the Caribbean region.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Dale R Calder
- Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Royal British Columbia Museum, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | | | | | - José Agüero
- Medusozoa México, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
| | - Daniel Robledo
- Applied Phycology Laboratory, Cinvestav-Unidad Mérida, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
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Raut Y, Morando M, Capone DG. Diazotrophic Macroalgal Associations With Living and Decomposing Sargassum. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:3127. [PMID: 30619198 PMCID: PMC6305716 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite several studies reporting diazotrophic macroalgal associations (DMAs), biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) is still largely overlooked as a potential source of nitrogen (N) for macroalgal productivity. We investigated the role of BNF, via the acetylene reduction method, throughout different life stages of the invasive macroalga, Sargassum horneri, in its non-native Southern California coastal ecosystem. Throughout most of its life cycle, BNF rates were not detectable or yielded insignificant amounts of fixed N to support S. horneri productivity. However, during late summer when nutrient concentrations are usually at their minimum, BNF associated with juvenile S. horneri contributed ∼3–36% of its required N, potentially providing it with a competitive advantage. As DMAs remain poorly understood within macroalgal detrital systems, long term (15–28 days) laboratory decomposition time series were carried out to investigate the role of BNF throughout decomposition of the endemic macroalga, S. palmeri, and the invasive S. horneri. Nitrogenase activity increased drastically during the second phase of decomposition, when increasing microbial populations are typically thought to drive macroalgal degradation, with BNF rates associated with S. palmeri and S. horneri reaching up to 65 and 247 nmol N × g-1(dw) × h-1, respectively. Stimulation of BNF rates by glucose and mannitol additions, up to 42× higher rates observed with S. palmeri, suggest that labile carbon may be limiting at varying degrees in these detrital systems. Comparable, if not higher, dark BNF rates relative to light incubations during S. horneri decomposition suggest an important contribution from heterotrophic N fixers. Inhibition of nitrogenase activity, up to 98%, by sodium molybdate additions also suggest that sulfate reducers may be an important constituent of the detrital diazotrophic community. As labile N can become limiting to the microbial community during macroalgal decomposition, our results suggest that BNF may provide a source of new N, alleviating this limitation. Additionally, while BNF is rarely considered as a source for N enrichment with aging macroalgal detritus, we found it to account for ∼1–11% of N immobilized with decaying S. horneri. Our investigations suggest that DMAs may be globally important with Sargassum and potentially occur within other macroalgal detrital systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubin Raut
- Marine and Environmental Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Michael Morando
- Marine and Environmental Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Douglas G Capone
- Marine and Environmental Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Huffard CL, von Thun S, Sherman AD, Sealey K, Smith KL. Pelagic Sargassum community change over a 40-year period: temporal and spatial variability. MARINE BIOLOGY 2014; 161:2735-2751. [PMID: 25414525 PMCID: PMC4231207 DOI: 10.1007/s00227-014-2539-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Pelagic forms of the brown algae (Phaeophyceae) Sargassum spp. and their conspicuous rafts are defining characteristics of the Sargasso Sea in the western North Atlantic. Given rising temperatures and acidity in the surface ocean, we hypothesized that macrofauna associated with Sargassum in the Sargasso Sea have changed with respect to species composition, diversity, evenness, and sessile epibiota coverage since studies were conducted 40 years ago. Sargassum communities were sampled along a transect through the Sargasso Sea in 2011 and 2012 and compared to samples collected in the Sargasso Sea, Gulf Stream, and south of the subtropical convergence zone from 1966 to 1975. Mobile macrofauna communities exhibited changes in community structure and declines in diversity and evenness within a 6-month time period (August 2011-February 2012). Equivalent declines in diversity and evenness were recorded in the same region (Sargasso Sea, 25°-29°N) in 1972-1973. Recent community structures were unlike any documented historically, whether compared to sites of the same latitude range within the Sargasso Sea, or the broader historical dataset of sites ranging across the Sargasso Sea, Gulf Stream, and south of the subtropical convergence zone. Recent samples also recorded low coverage by sessile epibionts, both calcifying forms and hydroids. The diversity and species composition of macrofauna communities associated with Sargassum might be inherently unstable. While several biological and oceanographic factors might have contributed to these observations, including a decline in pH, increase in summer temperatures, and changes in the abundance and distribution of Sargassum seaweed in the area, it is not currently possible to attribute direct causal links.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. L. Huffard
- Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, 7700 Sandholdt Rd, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA
| | - S. von Thun
- Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, 7700 Sandholdt Rd, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA
| | - A. D. Sherman
- Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, 7700 Sandholdt Rd, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA
| | - K. Sealey
- Coastal Ecology Laboratory, Biology Department, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA
| | - K. L. Smith
- Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, 7700 Sandholdt Rd, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA
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