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AlQudah NF. Knowledge sharing and innovation in business organization: A literature review. HUMAN SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT 2023. [DOI: 10.3233/hsm-220081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: This study is a review of the literature related to the linkage of knowledge sharing and innovation in organizations. This is among the very few studies related to analyzing the extant literature about the relationship between knowledge sharing and innovation to reveal the knowledge gaps and recommend future research directions. OBJECTIVE: The goal of this review of literature is to highlight the most essential concepts that may affect knowledge sharing and innovation, as well as to provide a foundation for future research on knowledge sharing and innovation through bibliometric analysis. The study identifies perhaps the most important popular keywords directly related to knowledge sharing and innovation. METHODS: This study systematically reviews papers on knowledge sharing and innovation extracted from the Web of Science. RESULTS: The study identified the five clusters, each comprising a set of closely related concepts of knowledge sharing and innovation. The first cluster was comprised of the concepts directly revealing the relationship between knowledge sharing and innovation. This stream of research consists of a well developed of research. The other clusters such as knowledge management, innovation performance, mediation processes underlying the relationship between knowledge sharing and innovation also revealed the relationship between knowledge sharing and innovation. IMPLICATIONS: This research has a number of theoretical and practical implications. Theoretically, this study identifies knowledge gaps and new avenues for future research. This study also helps managers and decision makers to identify and examine trends in promoting the linkage between knowledge sharing and innovation.
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Nori P, Stevens MP, Patel PK. Rising from the pandemic ashes: Reflections on burnout and resiliency from the infection prevention and antimicrobial stewardship workforce. ANTIMICROBIAL STEWARDSHIP & HEALTHCARE EPIDEMIOLOGY : ASHE 2022; 2:e101. [PMID: 36483338 PMCID: PMC9726503 DOI: 10.1017/ash.2022.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Hospital epidemiologists, infection preventionists, and antimicrobial stewards are integral to the pandemic workforce. However, regardless of pandemic surge or postsurge conditions, their workload remains high due to constant vigilance for new variants, emerging data, and evolving public health guidance. We describe the factors that have led to burnout and suggest strategies to enhance resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Nori
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Montefiore Health System, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Michael P. Stevens
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Veterans’ Affairs (VA) Ann Arbor Healthcare System and University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Payal K. Patel
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Virginia Commonwealth School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
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Abdalla W, Renukappa S, Suresh S. Managing COVID‐19‐related knowledge: A smart cities perspective. KNOWLEDGE AND PROCESS MANAGEMENT 2022. [PMCID: PMC9088492 DOI: 10.1002/kpm.1706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wala Abdalla
- Faculty of Science and Engineering University of Wolverhampton Wolverhampton UK
| | - Suresh Renukappa
- Faculty of Science and Engineering University of Wolverhampton Wolverhampton UK
| | - Subashini Suresh
- Faculty of Science and Engineering University of Wolverhampton Wolverhampton UK
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An evaluation of critical knowledge areas for managing the COVID-19 pandemic. JOURNAL OF KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1108/jkm-01-2021-0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
The ability to manage the COVID-19 pandemic is contingent upon the ability to effectively manage its heterogeneous knowledge resources. Knowledge mapping represents a great opportunity to create value by bringing stakeholders together, facilitating comprehensive collaboration and facilitating broader in-depth knowledge sharing and transfer. However, identifying and analysing critical knowledge areas is one of the most important steps when creating a knowledge map. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to appraise the critical knowledge areas for managing COVID-19, and thereby enhance decision-making in tackling the consequences of the pandemic.
Design/methodology/approach
The methodological approach for this study is a critical literature review, covering publications on knowledge management, knowledge mapping and COVID-19. EBSCOhost, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, TRID, Web of Science and Wiley Online Library were searched for full text, peer-reviewed articles written in English that investigated on critical knowledge areas for managing the spread of COVID-19. After full screening, 21 articles met the criteria for inclusion and were analysed and reported.
Findings
The study revealed seven critical knowledge areas for managing the COVID-19 pandemic. These are cleaning and disinfection; training, education and communication; reporting guidance and updates; testing; infection control measures, personal protective equipment; and potential COVID-19 transmission in health and other care settings. The study developed a concept knowledge map illustrating areas of critical knowledge which decision-makers need to be aware of.
Practical implications
Providing decision-makers with access to key knowledge during the COVID-19 pandemic seems to be crucial for effective decision-making. This study has provided insights for the professionals and decision-makers identifying the critical knowledge areas for managing the COVID-19 pandemic.
Social implications
The study advances the literature on knowledge management and builds a theoretical link with the management of public health emergencies. Additionally, the findings support the theoretical position that knowledge maps facilitate decision-making and help users to identify critical knowledge areas easily and effectively.
Originality/value
This study fills gaps in the existing literature by providing an explicit representation of know-how for managing the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper uses an objective and qualitative approach by reviewing related publications, reports and guidelines in the analysis. The concept map illustrates the critical knowledge areas for managing the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Valk R, Planojevic G. Addressing the knowledge divide: digital knowledge sharing and social learning of geographically dispersed employees during the COVID-19 pandemic. JOURNAL OF GLOBAL MOBILITY: THE HOME OF EXPATRIATE MANAGEMENT RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1108/jgm-02-2021-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate digital knowledge sharing (KS) and social learning (SL) of geographically dispersed employees during the COVID-19 pandemic.Design/methodology/approachThe method is qualitative case study action research within a leading global provider of comprehensive logistics and transportation solutions; 22 employees from various geographically dispersed entities were selected through purposive sampling. Employees took part in interviews to explore their perspectives on and experiences with digital KS and SL.FindingsFindings first show that successful digital KS and SL hinges on the motivation, intentions, attitude and behaviour of employees to share and co-create knowledge embedded in supportive KS culture and climate. Second, findings show that the implementation of knowledge sharing platforms customised to the needs and preferences of employees within the case study organisation facilitated KS and SL, which in turn aided the development of individual and organisational capability, agility and adaptability required in the contemporary, digital knowledge economy, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.Research limitations/implicationsThis research was a single case study of an organisation within one business sector, namely logistics, encompassing a small sample of 22 employees. Hence, this study does not permit statistical generalisation but only permits internal generalisation.Practical implicationsForming and sustaining networks of influencers, i.e. employees who are role models of digital KS and SL, who serve as strong advocates and ambassadors for instilling a KS culture and climate within the organisation have a powerful influence on evoking digital KS and SL organisation-wide.Originality/valueThe contribution of this paper is that it presents an evidence-based “Digital Knowledge Sharing and Social Learning model” depicting the factors that influence digital KS and SL, the benefits and outcomes. This model aids researchers and practitioners to better understand the dynamics of digital KS and SL between organisational members in a cross-cultural business environment during times of crises.
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Zimmerling A, Chen X. Innovation and possible long-term impact driven by COVID-19: Manufacturing, personal protective equipment and digital technologies. TECHNOLOGY IN SOCIETY 2021; 65:101541. [PMID: 36540655 PMCID: PMC9754673 DOI: 10.1016/j.techsoc.2021.101541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
It is known that discrete events causing extreme societal and economic pressures as well as technological opportunity are major driving factors of innovation. Due to the presence of both of these factors during the COVID-19 pandemic it was hypothesized that there would be significant on-going innovation throughout society during the pandemic, with many of the innovations having the ability to have long-term societal impact. Analysis of literature and patent databases determined sectors of accelerated innovation to include manufacturing, personal protective equipment and digital technologies. The ability of flexible and advanced manufacturing technologies to provide more adaptable production capabilities that are less susceptible to disruption, make it likely that these technologies will be incorporated further, changing the way many manufacturing firms operate. Collaboration has increased, demonstrating increases in problem-solving efficiency; however, concerns around intellectual property is likely to reduce the long-term impact of these procedural changes. Advancements in personal protective equipment and disinfection technologies may have the long-term impact of reducing waste production and triggering changes in cleaning protocols throughout society. Digital technologies such as telemedicine, data collection, artificial intelligence and communication technologies were found to have undergone significant innovation, with possible impacts such as large-scale systemic shifts, and changes in how governments, corporations, the scientific community and the public interact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Zimmerling
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Xiongbiao Chen
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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Mobasseri K, Azami-Aghdash S, Khanijahani A, Khodayari-Zarnaq R. The Main Issues and Challenges Older Adults Face in the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: A Scoping Review of Literature. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 49:2295-2307. [PMID: 34178736 PMCID: PMC8215059 DOI: 10.18502/ijph.v49i12.4810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Disease 2019 (SARS-CoV-2) severely affects those above the age of 60 yr and those with other conditions. This study aimed to review the available evidence on older adult's issues in facing the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods The framework is based on scoping review of literature published from Jan 10 to Jul 31, 2020. Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases and other sources of information, to identify grey literature, were selected for data collection. Two researchers independently screened all studies and extracted data. All types of studies published about SARS-CoV-2 and related to older adults' issues were eligible. Results Overall, 210 documents were included in the final analysis. Letter to the editor was the most frequent article format (20.95%). Most of the papers were from the United States (38.09%) and published in Jun 2020 (29.52%). After content analysis, six following themes were extracted: Supporting and information sources, e-health services, access to essential supplies, Long Term Care Facilities (LTCFs), physical and mental consequences of self-isolation, neglect of older adults, ageism and age discrimination. Conclusion In the pandemic, there is an urgent need for interventional research and innovational implementations to address issues related to providing services for older adults. This can help older adults to maintain their physical and mental health, and reduce the spread of infection in nursing homes. Further studies focusing on the rights of the older adults are needed on all issues associated with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khorshid Mobasseri
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saber Azami-Aghdash
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Management and Medical Informatics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Khanijahani
- Department of Health Administration and Public Health, John G. Rangos School of Health Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rahim Khodayari-Zarnaq
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Management and Medical Informatics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Post LA, Issa TZ, Boctor MJ, Moss CB, Murphy RL, Ison MG, Achenbach CJ, Resnick D, Singh LN, White J, Faber JMM, Culler K, Brandt CA, Oehmke JF. Dynamic Public Health Surveillance to Track and Mitigate the US COVID-19 Epidemic: Longitudinal Trend Analysis Study. J Med Internet Res 2020; 22:e24286. [PMID: 33216726 PMCID: PMC7717896 DOI: 10.2196/24286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emergence of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, has led to a global pandemic. The United States has been severely affected, accounting for the most COVID-19 cases and deaths worldwide. Without a coordinated national public health plan informed by surveillance with actionable metrics, the United States has been ineffective at preventing and mitigating the escalating COVID-19 pandemic. Existing surveillance has incomplete ascertainment and is limited by the use of standard surveillance metrics. Although many COVID-19 data sources track infection rates, informing prevention requires capturing the relevant dynamics of the pandemic. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to develop dynamic metrics for public health surveillance that can inform worldwide COVID-19 prevention efforts. Advanced surveillance techniques are essential to inform public health decision making and to identify where and when corrective action is required to prevent outbreaks. METHODS Using a longitudinal trend analysis study design, we extracted COVID-19 data from global public health registries. We used an empirical difference equation to measure daily case numbers for our use case in 50 US states and the District of Colombia as a function of the prior number of cases, the level of testing, and weekly shift variables based on a dynamic panel model that was estimated using the generalized method of moments approach by implementing the Arellano-Bond estimator in R. RESULTS Examination of the United States and state data demonstrated that most US states are experiencing outbreaks as measured by these new metrics of speed, acceleration, jerk, and persistence. Larger US states have high COVID-19 caseloads as a function of population size, density, and deficits in adherence to public health guidelines early in the epidemic, and other states have alarming rates of speed, acceleration, jerk, and 7-day persistence in novel infections. North and South Dakota have had the highest rates of COVID-19 transmission combined with positive acceleration, jerk, and 7-day persistence. Wisconsin and Illinois also have alarming indicators and already lead the nation in daily new COVID-19 infections. As the United States enters its third wave of COVID-19, all 50 states and the District of Colombia have positive rates of speed between 7.58 (Hawaii) and 175.01 (North Dakota), and persistence, ranging from 4.44 (Vermont) to 195.35 (North Dakota) new infections per 100,000 people. CONCLUSIONS Standard surveillance techniques such as daily and cumulative infections and deaths are helpful but only provide a static view of what has already occurred in the pandemic and are less helpful in prevention. Public health policy that is informed by dynamic surveillance can shift the country from reacting to COVID-19 transmissions to being proactive and taking corrective action when indicators of speed, acceleration, jerk, and persistence remain positive week over week. Implicit within our dynamic surveillance is an early warning system that indicates when there is problematic growth in COVID-19 transmissions as well as signals when growth will become explosive without action. A public health approach that focuses on prevention can prevent major outbreaks in addition to endorsing effective public health policies. Moreover, subnational analyses on the dynamics of the pandemic allow us to zero in on where transmissions are increasing, meaning corrective action can be applied with precision in problematic areas. Dynamic public health surveillance can inform specific geographies where quarantines are necessary while preserving the economy in other US areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori Ann Post
- Buehler Center for Health Policy & Economics and Departments of Emergency Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Tariq Ziad Issa
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Michael J Boctor
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Charles B Moss
- Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Robert L Murphy
- Center for Global Communicable Diseases, Institute for Global Health, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Michael G Ison
- Divsion of Infectious Disease, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Chad J Achenbach
- Divsion of Infectious Disease, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Danielle Resnick
- International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Lauren Nadya Singh
- Buehler Center for Health Policy & Economics and Departments of Emergency Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Janine White
- Buehler Center for Health Policy & Economics and Departments of Emergency Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | | | - Kasen Culler
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Cynthia A Brandt
- Yale Center for Medical Informatics, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - James Francis Oehmke
- Buehler Center for Health Policy & Economics and Departments of Emergency Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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Jain PN, Finger L, Schieffelin JS, Zerr DM, Hametz PA. Responses of three urban U.S. Children's Hospitals to COVID-19: Seattle, New York and New Orleans. Paediatr Respir Rev 2020; 35:15-19. [PMID: 32600820 PMCID: PMC7289112 DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Since January 2020, there has been a worldwide pandemic of COVID-19, caused by a novel coronavirus-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. The United States has been particularly affected, with the largest number of confirmed cases in a single country in the world. Healthcare systems for adults as well as children have dealt with challenges. This article will reflect on the experiences of selected children's hospitals in Seattle, New York City, and New Orleans, three of the "hotspots" in the US and share common aspects and lessons learned from these experiences. This article discusses testing and cohorting of patients, personal protective equipment utilization, limiting workplace exposure, and information sharing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya N. Jain
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital at Montefiore/Albert Einstein School of Medicine, United States
| | - Leron Finger
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital New Orleans, United States
| | - John S. Schieffelin
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital New Orleans/Tulane University School of Medicine, United States
| | - Danielle M. Zerr
- Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children’s Hospital/ University of Washington, United States
| | - Patricia A. Hametz
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital at Montefiore/Albert Einstein School of Medicine, United States,Corresponding author at: Pediatric Quality and Safety Chief, Division of Pediatric Hospital Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein School of Medicine, 3415 Bainbridge Avenue, Bronx, NY 10467, United States
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Chigurupati R, Panchal N, Henry AM, Batal H, Sethi A, D'innocenzo R, Mehra P, Krishnan DG, Roser SM. Considerations for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons in COVID-19 Era: Can We Sustain the Solutions to Keep Our Patients and Healthcare Personnel Safe? J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 78:1241-1256. [PMID: 32479811 PMCID: PMC7246053 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2020.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Several uncertainties exist regarding how we will conduct our clinical, didactic, business, and social activities as the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic abates and social distancing guidelines are relaxed. We anticipate changes in how we interact with our patients and other providers, how patient workflow is designed, the methods used to conduct our teaching sessions, and how we perform procedures in different clinical settings. The objective of the present report is to review some of the changes to consider in the clinical and academic oral and maxillofacial surgery workflow and, allow for a smoother transition, with less risk to our patients and healthcare personnel. New infection control policies should be strictly enforced and monitored in all clinical and nonclinical settings, with an overall goal to decrease the risk of exposure and transmission. Screening for COVID-19 symptoms, testing when indicated, and establishing the epidemiologic linkage will be crucial to containing and preventing new COVID-19 cases until a vaccine or an alternate solution is available. Additionally, the shortage of essential supplies such as drugs and personal protective equipment, the design and ventilation of workspaces and waiting areas, the increase in overhead costs, and the possible absence of staff, if quarantine is necessary, must be considered. This shift in our workflow and patient care paths will likely continue in the short-term at least through 2021 or the next 12 to 24 months. Thus, we must prioritize surgery, balancing patient preferences and healthcare personnel risks. We have an opportunity now to make changes and embrace telemedicine and other collaborative virtual platforms for teaching and clinical care. It is crucial that we maintain COVID-19 awareness, proper surveillance in our microenvironments, good clinical judgment, and ethical values to continue to deliver high-quality, economical, and accessible patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhika Chigurupati
- Associate Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Boston University Medical Center, and Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA.
| | - Neeraj Panchal
- Assistant Professor and Section Chief, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Penn Presbyterian Medical Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Andrew M Henry
- Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Boston University Medical Center and Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA
| | - Hussam Batal
- Clinical Associate Professor and Clinical and Financial Director, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Amit Sethi
- Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA
| | - Richard D'innocenzo
- Clinical Professor and Vice Chairman, Departments of Dentistry and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, and Director, Predoctoral Education, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA
| | - Pushkar Mehra
- Professor, Chair, and Chief, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Boston Medical Center, and Associate Dean of Hospital Affairs, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA
| | - Deepak G Krishnan
- Associate Professor, Department of Surgery; Chief and Residency Program Director, Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Cincinnati Medical Center; and Chief, Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Steven M Roser
- DeLos Hill Chair and Professor of Surgery, and Chief, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
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