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Salim A, Farooq MO, Saleem S, Malik K. Financial burden and social implications of chronic liver disease in a patient population group in Pakistan. Pak J Med Sci 2024; 40:1503-1508. [PMID: 39092038 PMCID: PMC11255803 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.40.7.7976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To assess economic and social issues faced by cirrhotic patients & its financial burden for developing nations like Pakistan. Method This cross-sectional study was carried out at the Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Shaikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan during the period between July & December 2019. Patients with liver cirrhosis were recruited and information regarding disease, financial status, treatment expenses & dependency was recorded. Results A total of 450 patients were recruited, 272 (60%) were males & 178 (40%) were females, with mean age 55.4±6.2 years. HCV was cause of cirrhosis in 86% of cases, 65% were diagnosed incidentally and 39.6% were illiterate. About 82.7% were urban while only 28.7% own their own home. Co-morbid conditions including diabetes, hypertension & ischemic heart disease were present in 54% of cases. Monthly income was Conclusions Our study shows the financial difficulties & dependency faced by patients with liver cirrhosis. Aggressive national screening is required to discover infected patients before cirrhosis develops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Salim
- Adnan Salim, FCPS FRCP (Glasgow) Associate Professor, Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Shaikh Zayed Hospital & Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Omer Farooq
- Muhammad Omer Farooq, FCPS Senior Registrar, Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Shaikh Zayed Hospital & Postgraduate, Medical Institute, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Sonia Saleem
- Sonia Saleem, FCPS Gastroenterology Consultant, Gastroenterologist & Hepatologist, DHA Medical Center, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Kashif Malik
- Kashif Malik, FCPS Professor, Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Shaikh Zayed Hospital & Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore, Pakistan
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Gaviola GC, McCarville M, Shendale S, Goodman T, Lomazzi M, Desai S. A review of health worker vaccination programs in low, middle and upper middle-income countries. PUBLIC HEALTH IN PRACTICE 2023; 6:100415. [PMID: 37547811 PMCID: PMC10400463 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhip.2023.100415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Health workers (HW) are at risk of contracting vaccine preventable diseases when caring for patients and communities. This study aims to evaluate the existing literature on the routine vaccination of health workers against a variety of antigens in low and middle income countries, focusing on facilitators, barriers, and considerations in the implementation of immunization programs and campaigns. Study design A PubMed Literature search. Methods A PubMed search was conducted to find articles that addressed vaccination programs and policies for HW in low-income countries (LIC), lower middle-income countries (LMIC), and upper middle-income countries (UMIC). Original articles, meta-analyses, and reviews published in English between January 2000 and July 2022 were included in the search. Inductive content analysis was used to identify themes that illustrate facilitators, barriers, and considerations in the implementation of immunization programs and campaigns. Results The search identified 4240 studies, 90 were used for analysis as they provided antigen specific details on immunization policies or programs. Hepatitis B was the most frequently discussed antigen, followed by Influenza, then Measles, Rubella and Mumps. With considerable variability by vaccine and country, in most cases the vaccination was not offered free to HW or included in a regular vaccination schedule. Utilizing existing immunization infrastructure such as the Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) and having effective management of vaccination programs were found to be key facilitators to vaccinate HW. Conclusions The low vaccination coverage of health workers in LMIC is of concern; attention towards the key considerations, barriers and facilitators of immunization implementation is central to the advancement of health worker vaccination coverage in LMIC's. The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated the swift vaccination of HW. Many LIC countries lacking established HW immunization infrastructure are now administering COVID-19 vaccines. As we move beyond the pandemic's acute phase, there is a chance for those countries to enhance their immunization initiatives and policies for HW concerning other antigens, even if it is not a standard practice currently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel C. Gaviola
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Maddison McCarville
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- World Federation of Public Health Associations, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Shendale
- Department of Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tracey Goodman
- Department of Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marta Lomazzi
- World Federation of Public Health Associations, Geneva, Switzerland
- University of Geneva, Institute of Global Health, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Shalini Desai
- Department of Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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Fakonti G, Kyprianidou M, Toumbis G, Giannakou K. Knowledge and attitudes toward vaccination among nurses and midwives in Cyprus: A cross-sectional study. Int J Nurs Knowl 2021; 33:321-329. [PMID: 34806349 DOI: 10.1111/2047-3095.12354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the level of knowledge and attitudes of nurses and midwives in Cyprus toward vaccinations and provide new insights into the determinants that influence them. METHODS An online cross-sectional study was carried out during the period between December 08 and 28 2020. Participants included registered nurses and midwives working in public or private service provision. A self-administered questionnaire was used with questions about sociodemographic characteristics, questions assessing attitudes and beliefs toward vaccination, and participants' general vaccine knowledge. FINDINGS A total of 437 responders answered the survey, with 93% being nurses and 7% midwives. Around two-thirds (67.3%) of the participants had a high vaccination knowledge, while the remaining have moderate (30.7%), and low (2.1%), respectively. Most of the participants agreed that by vaccinating they protect themselves and those around them (80.5%) and that when most people are not vaccinated, epidemics can easily initiate (74%). Oppositely, many participants disagreed with vaccination and avoided it due to a fear of injections (95.4%) or the belief that it is better to get sick rather than be vaccinated (69.1%). Neutral attitudes toward vaccine-mediated side effects (43.1%) and vaccination safety (41.7%) were observed. Sociodemographic factors such as age, educational status, and work setting significantly affected the nurses' and midwives' knowledge and attitudes toward vaccination (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate that the overall vaccination knowledge of participants was high, however, gaps in vaccination knowledge were observed. Individuals who adopted a neutral stance toward vaccination can be prone to changes either toward positive or negative attitudes. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE The survey findings suggest implementing educational strategies and targeted interventions in clinical settings to enhance nurses' and midwives' vaccination knowledge and awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Fakonti
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Kyprianidou
- Department of Health Sciences of the European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Giannos Toumbis
- Department of Health Sciences of the European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Konstantinos Giannakou
- Public Health at the Department of Health Sciences of the European University Cyprus, Cyprus
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Ojara M, Owomugisha G, Kibunga IS, Asio LG, Bwaga I, Nabugere T, Tuwayenga RM, Ikoona EN, Kitara DL. Knowledge, attitude and occupational risks to hepatitis B infection among health workers in Gulu Regional Referral Hospital, Northern Uganda: a cross-sectional study design. Pan Afr Med J 2021; 39:138. [PMID: 34527154 PMCID: PMC8418175 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2021.39.138.23724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the commonest causes of acute and chronic liver diseases worldwide. HBV can be transmitted by exposure to infected blood and human secretions through sharp injuries and splashes. Health workers are among the most high-risk groups because they regularly interact with patients. A seroprevalence survey conducted in Uganda in 2014 found a higher prevalence of HBV in Gulu Municipality compared to the rest of Uganda. Methods a cross-sectional study was conducted among health workers in Gulu Regional Hospital. A stratified random sampling was used. Knowledge ratings and Likert scale were used to score knowledge, attitudes and risks of HBV infections in a qualitative assessment. Ethical approval was obtained and SPSS was used for data analysis. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results one hundred and twenty-six (126) respondents participated; 65 (51.6%) were male, 80 (63.5%) were aged 20-29 years, 74 (58.7%) were not married, 86 (68.3%) had a work experience of 0-9 years, 64 (50.8%) had good knowledge, 90(71.4%) had positive attitude, 114 (90.5%) had high to very high pre-exposure risks, and 75 (59.5%) had moderate to high exposure and post-exposure risks. There was no significant difference in knowledge (X2= 13.895; p = 0.178) and work experience (X2= 21.196; p = 0.097) among the health workers. Conclusion there is a high pre-exposure, exposure and post-exposure risks of HBV infection among health workers in Gulu Hospital. There is need to augment awareness on HBV infection and design strategies to strengthen and implement infection control measures including HBV vaccination among health workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morris Ojara
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Gulu University, P .0. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda
| | - Gloria Owomugisha
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Gulu University, P .0. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda
| | - Isaac Staron Kibunga
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Gulu University, P .0. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda
| | - Lucy Grace Asio
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Gulu University, P .0. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda
| | - Ibrahim Bwaga
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Gulu University, P .0. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda
| | - Thomas Nabugere
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Gulu University, P .0. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda
| | | | | | - David Lagoro Kitara
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Gulu University, P .0. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda.,Department of Global Health and Populations, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Getnet MA, Bayu NH, Abtew MD, W/Mariam TG. Hepatitis B Vaccination Uptake Rate and Predictors in Healthcare Professionals of Ethiopia. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2020; 13:2875-2885. [PMID: 33335433 PMCID: PMC7737625 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s286488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Healthcare professionals continue to be at risk of acquiring occupation-related hepatitis B virus infection because of noncompliance for the 3-dose primary series of hepatitis B vaccine recommended. The objective of the study was to determine the rate of and to identify the predictors of hepatitis B vaccination uptake in healthcare professionals in Ethiopia. Methods A multicenter cross-sectional survey was conducted between May 19 2018 and June 15 2018. A stratified with systematic random sampling technique was used to select 260 healthcare professionals. A structured questionnaire was used to collect all the necessary primary data from samples. This survey analyzed hepatitis B vaccination uptake as the binary outcome variable ("noncomplete" vs "complete") with regard to the 30 potential predictor variables. Both descriptive and inferential statistical analysis techniques have been used to address the study objective. Results The rate of complete vs noncomplete hepatitis B vaccination uptake was 37.7% vs 62.3%. The significantly independent predictors of hepatitis B vaccination uptake were professional qualification (P=0.004), professional experience (P=0.013), household income (P=0.006), workload status (P=0.015), routine infant immunization program existence at the workplace (P=0.014), perceived susceptibility to infection (P=0.005), perceived safety of vaccine (P=0.001), prior occupational exposure to blood (P=0.006), training on universal precautions (P=0.015), and colleagues' suggestion (P=0.002). Conclusion The rate of hepatitis B vaccination uptake found was currently low. The significantly independent predictors of hepatitis B vaccination uptake included perceived safety, colleagues' suggestion, professional qualification, perceived susceptibility, household income, prior occupational exposure to blood, professional experience, existence of routine infant immunization program at the workplace facility, workload status, and universal precautions training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehammed Adem Getnet
- Department of Medical Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Netsanet Habtie Bayu
- Department of Comprehensive Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Mekdes Dessie Abtew
- Department of Comprehensive Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Tesfamichael G/Mariam W/Mariam
- Department of Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Giao H, Quang Vinh B, Huynh Tam Lang N, Le An P. Parents' Attitude about Hepatitis B Disease and Practice of Hepatitis B Vaccination among Children in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:9323814. [PMID: 31355286 PMCID: PMC6634122 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9323814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) in Vietnam for hepatitis B (HepB) among infants has been implemented since 2003. The rates of the birth dose (babies receiving HepB immunization injection within 24 hours after birth) and the later three-dose series were low in 2013-2014. OBJECTIVE This article evaluated attitudes about the hepatitis B disease and vaccine in relation to the correct practice of vaccination among mothers of 12-24-month-old children in Ho Chi Minh City. MATERIAL AND METHODS The parents of 768 children aged 12 to 24 months, in Ho Chi Minh City, were interviewed and reviewed their vaccination cards from February 2016 to July 2017. RESULTS A total of 768 children had parents of a mean age of 30.8 years, approximately 34% of the children with a mean age of 16.8 months completed all four doses of the hepatitis B vaccine in a timely manner according to the EPI, and only 45.2% of children received the birth dose on schedule within 24 hours. The mother's fears of HepB risk in the community, living in rural areas, and receiving vaccination information from health workers increased the odds of complete and timely HepB vaccination (all p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS A high rate of children did not receive a complete and timely HepB vaccination in the EPI. Health information strategies should be designed to target urban people and focus on safety of the vaccine, by health workers, to increase the correct practices of hepatitis B vaccination, including the birth dose, and provide education programs that emphasize the high risk for getting hepatitis B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huynh Giao
- Faculty of Public Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Bui Quang Vinh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Huynh Tam Lang
- Faculty of Public Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Pham Le An
- Center for training of Family Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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Chen IH, Hsu SM, Wu JSJ, Wang YT, Lin YK, Chung MH, Huang PH, Miao NF. Determinants of nurses' willingness to receive vaccines: Application of the health belief model. J Clin Nurs 2019; 28:3430-3440. [PMID: 31162752 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.14934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To assess the willingness of nurses to receive vaccines as recommended by Taiwan's "Immunization Recommendations for Healthcare Personnel" (IRHCP), as well as the factors associated with their willingness. BACKGROUND Immunisation for healthcare personnel (HCP) is a means of reducing pathogen transmission. Also, vaccinating HCP reduces personnel and labour costs during an epidemic. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted. A self-administered questionnaire survey targeting nurses working in various service units at three hospitals was used. In total, 413 nurses completed the questionnaire. The main outcome measure was the willingness to receive vaccines recommended by the IRHCP, and the variables we assessed included knowledge regarding the IRHCP, individual perceptions (perceived risk of contracting the infection, perceived severity of the infection and perceived transmissibility after disease onset), perceived benefits and barriers to the vaccination, cues to the vaccination and demographics. This study followed the STROBE checklist for reporting this study. RESULTS The willingness of nurses to receive vaccines recommended by the IRHCP was high; the highest level of willingness was for the hepatitis B vaccine. The nurses' willingness to receive various vaccines recommended by the IRHCP was predicted by the knowledge regarding the IRHCP and perceived transmissibility after disease onset. Except the diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis vaccine, perceived benefits and perceived barriers were also predictors of the willingness to receive vaccines. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that interventions focusing on increasing the knowledge regarding the IRHCP and perceived transmissibility after disease onset, emphasising the benefits of the vaccination and reducing the perceived barriers to the vaccination are needed to increase nurses' willingness to receive vaccines. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE It is suggested using health education courses and mass media broadcasts at the individual and societal levels to raise awareness regarding the benefits of vaccines and enhance nurse' confidence in vaccination programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Hui Chen
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Master Program in Long-term Care,College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Min Hsu
- Division of Infection Control and Biosafety, Centers for Disease Control Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Shyan Julian Wu
- Division of Infection Control and Biosafety, Centers for Disease Control Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tsang Wang
- Division of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Kuang Lin
- Research Center of Biostatistics/School of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Huey Chung
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Nursing, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pin-Hsuan Huang
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Master Program in Long-term Care,College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nae-Fang Miao
- Post-Baccalaureate Program in Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Akibu M, Nurgi S, Tadese M, Tsega WD. Attitude and Vaccination Status of Healthcare Workers against Hepatitis B Infection in a Teaching Hospital, Ethiopia. SCIENTIFICA 2018; 2018:6705305. [PMID: 29808158 PMCID: PMC5901831 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6705305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND World Health Organization and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommend all health professionals to get vaccinated against hepatitis B virus before they start the clinical attachments during their stay in the medical school. However, only 18-39% of healthcare workers in low- and middle-income countries received the vaccine. Therefore, this study aims to determine the attitude and vaccination status of health professionals working at Adama General Hospital and Medical College. METHODS An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2016 to February 2017 with 403 health professionals working at Adama General Hospital and Medical College. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaire distributed at the participant's work unit and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors that affect the complete vaccination status and p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULT The prevalence of complete vaccination against hepatitis B virus was 25.6%. The most frequently mentioned reasons for not being vaccinated were high cost of the vaccine (41%) and unavailability of the vaccine (36%). More than three-fourths (77.8%) of study participants strongly agreed that hepatitis B is a major public health threat and there was tendency among participants to believe that their profession will put them at increased risk of acquiring the disease (strongly agreed: 75.9%). Attending infection-prevention training [AOR = 2.3; 95% CI, 1.24-6.31], history of exposure to risky behavior [AOR = 5.5; 95% CI, 2.86-9.29], and long years of work experience [AOR = 3.1; 95% CI, 1.98-5.24] were statistically significant with complete vaccination status. CONCLUSION Only one-quarter of health professionals received the recommended full dose of the vaccine. Sustained hepatitis B vaccination programs for healthcare workers need to be established by collaboration of different stakeholders to optimize health professionals' safety against this contagious infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Akibu
- Department of Midwifery, Institute of Medicine and Health Science, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| | - Sodere Nurgi
- Department of Midwifery, Institute of Medicine and Health Science, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| | - Mesfin Tadese
- Department of Midwifery, Institute of Medicine and Health Science, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| | - Wendwesen Dibekulu Tsega
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Medicine and Health Science, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
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Kisic-Tepavcevic D, Kanazir M, Gazibara T, Maric G, Makismovic N, Loncarevic G, Pekmezovic T. Predictors of hepatitis B vaccination status in healthcare workers in Belgrade, Serbia, December 2015. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 22:30515. [PMID: 28449736 PMCID: PMC5404481 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2017.22.16.30515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Despite the availability of a safe and effective vaccine since 1982, overall coverage of hepatitis B vaccination among healthcare workers (HCWs) has not reached a satisfactory level in many countries worldwide. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of hepatitis B vaccination, and to assess the predictors of hepatitis B vaccination status among HCWs in Serbia. Of 380 randomly selected HCWs, 352 (92.6%) were included in the study. The prevalence of hepatitis B vaccination acceptance was 66.2%. The exploratory factor analyses using the vaccination-refusal scale showed that items clustered under ‘threat of disease’ explained the highest proportion (30.4%) of variance among those declining vaccination. The factor analyses model of the potential reasons for receiving the hepatitis B vaccine showed that ‘social influence’ had the highest contribution (47.5%) in explaining variance among those vaccinated. In the multivariate adjusted model the following variables were independent predictors of hepatitis B vaccination status: occupation, duration of work experience, exposure to blood in the previous year, and total hepatitis B-related knowledge score. Our results highlight the need for well-planned national policies, possibly including mandatory hepatitis B immunisation, in the Serbian healthcare environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darija Kisic-Tepavcevic
- Institute of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,These authors contributed equally to this article
| | - Milena Kanazir
- These authors contributed equally to this article.,Institute of Public Health of Serbia 'Dr Milan Jovanovic Batut', Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Gazibara
- Institute of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gorica Maric
- Institute of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Natasa Makismovic
- Institute of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Goranka Loncarevic
- Institute of Public Health of Serbia 'Dr Milan Jovanovic Batut', Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Pekmezovic
- Institute of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Anozie OB, Lawani LO, Eze JN, Mamah EJ, Onoh RC, Ogah EO, Umezurike DA, Anozie RO. Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Healthcare Managers to Medical Waste Management and Occupational Safety Practices: Findings from Southeast Nigeria. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:IC01-IC04. [PMID: 28511409 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/24230.9527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Awareness of appropriate waste management procedures and occupational safety measures is fundamental to achieving a safe work environment, and ensuring patient and staff safety. AIM This study was conducted to assess the attitude of healthcare managers to medical waste management and occupational safety practices. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a cross-sectional study conducted among 54 hospital administrators in Ebonyi state. Semi-structured questionnaires were used for qualitative data collection and analyzed with SPSS statistics for windows (2011), version 20.0 statistical software (Armonk, NY: IBM Corp). RESULTS Two-fifth (40%) of healthcare managers had received training on medical waste management and occupational safety. Standard operating procedure of waste disposal was practiced by only one hospital (1.9%), while 98.1% (53/54) practiced indiscriminate waste disposal. Injection safety boxes were widely available in all health facilities, nevertheless, the use of incinerators and waste treatment was practiced by 1.9% (1/54) facility. However, 40.7% (22/54) and 59.3% (32/54) of respondents trained their staff and organize safety orientation courses respectively. Staff insurance cover was offered by just one hospital (1.9%), while none of the hospitals had compensation package for occupational hazard victims. Over half (55.6%; 30/54) of the respondents provided both personal protective equipment and post exposure prophylaxis for HIV. CONCLUSION There was high level of non-compliance to standard medical waste management procedures, and lack of training on occupational safety measures. Relevant regulating agencies should step up efforts at monitoring and regulation of healthcare activities and ensure staff training on safe handling and disposal of hospital waste.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucky Osaheni Lawani
- Consultant, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Federal Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Ebonyi, Nigeria
| | - Justus Ndulue Eze
- Consultant, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Federal Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Ebonyi, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel Johnbosco Mamah
- Resident Doctor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Federal Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Ebonyi, Nigeria
| | - Robinson Chukwudi Onoh
- Consultant, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Federal Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Ebonyi, Nigeria
| | - Emeka Onwe Ogah
- Consultant, Department of Paediatrics, Federal Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Ebonyi, Nigeria
| | - Daniel Akuma Umezurike
- Consultant, Department of Surgery, Federal Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Ebonyi, Nigeria
| | - Rita Onyinyechi Anozie
- Senior Registrar, Department of Radiology, Federal Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Ebonyi, Nigeria
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