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Alshakarah A, Muriyah D, Alsaghir F, Alanzi R, Almalki S, Alsadan S, Alotaibi AB, Alshaalan R, Albrahim T. Awareness and Knowledge of Cardiovascular Diseases and Its Risk Factors Among Women of Reproductive Age: A Scoping Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e49839. [PMID: 38164316 PMCID: PMC10758256 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.49839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in women. Despite the significant burden of CVD, knowledge and awareness of its risk factors among women are low. This review aimed to identify CVD awareness, knowledge, and risk factors for women of reproductive age from different countries and variables that influence health outcomes. Studies published from 2000 to 2023 were reviewed using PubMed, ScienceDirect, Elsevier, and electronic databases. A total of 50 studies were found, and 41 were excluded. The keywords used were "Knowledge of the risk factor of heart disease," "cardiac risk factors," "cardiovascular disease," "heart disease awareness," and "heart disease," combined with "women" and "reproductive age." The review revealed significant gaps in the general awareness and knowledge of CVD risk factors among women of reproductive age. Many women were unaware of the symptoms and risk factors associated with CVD, leading to delayed diagnosis and poorer outcomes. Lack of education, low socioeconomic status, and limited access to healthcare were identified as contributing factors to this knowledge gap. Young women, particularly those with poor pregnancy outcomes, demonstrated limited awareness and perception of CVD risk. The findings suggest significant gaps in general awareness, knowledge of CVD risk, risk factors among women of reproductive age from different countries, and factors that influence their health outcomes. Targeted interventions are urgently needed to improve awareness and knowledge of CVD among women of reproductive age. Efforts should focus on educating women about CVD risk factors and prevention strategies before symptoms arise. Addressing socioeconomic and educational disparities is crucial to bridging the gap in awareness. By enhancing awareness and knowledge, women can be empowered to take preventive actions and reduce their risk of developing CVD. As a result, we recommend that there are significant opportunities to educate women about CVD risk and prevention before symptoms arise. In addition, there is a need to develop effective interventions to raise awareness among women of reproductive age to close the gap in awareness and knowledge of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirah Alshakarah
- Department of Health Sciences and Clinical Nutrition, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Deema Muriyah
- Department of Health Sciences and Clinical Nutrition, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Felwah Alsaghir
- Department of Health Sciences and Clinical Nutrition, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Rana Alanzi
- Department of Health Sciences and Clinical Nutrition, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Sara Almalki
- Department of Health Sciences and Clinical Nutrition, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Sarah Alsadan
- Department of Health Sciences and Clinical Nutrition, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, SAU
| | | | - Rasha Alshaalan
- Department of Health Sciences and Clinical Nutrition, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Tarfa Albrahim
- Department of Health Sciences and Clinical Nutrition, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, SAU
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AlShehri H, Alqahtani A, Al Mansour A, Alwadei R, Abuanq L, Alkhazaim S, Qashqari A, Al Kulayb S. Knowledge and Attitudes Toward Cardiovascular Diseases and Their Risk Factors Among the Najran Population in Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2023; 15:e46839. [PMID: 37954821 PMCID: PMC10636932 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention is of great importance due to the high prevalence of CVDs and elevated treatment expenses among patients and healthcare systems. One of the most effective strategies is the improvement of knowledge and attitude levels toward CVD symptoms and risk factors. Objective This study aimed to explore the level of knowledge and attitude about CVD among the general population in Najran city, Saudi Arabia. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out between November and December 2022 among the Najran population. A structured questionnaire comprised socio-demographic characteristics, attitudes, and knowledge about CVD and risk factors. Ethical approval was taken from the ethical committee. Results The study included 527 participants living in Najran city aged 18 to 60 years old. Most participants were Saudi nationals (97.3%, N = 513), two-thirds had a university degree (68.9%, N = 126), and approximately half of them were females (51.8%). Furthermore, about two-thirds of the participants (60.7%, N = 320) showed a good knowledge level, and most reported an excellent attitude (87.3%, N = 460). Participants who had a university degree showed significantly better attitude levels (p-value = 0.043). No factors revealed a significant impact on the knowledge level. Conclusion Moderate knowledge and excellent attitude levels were seen among the Saudi population. Increasing the knowledge level among the total population is essential. It will be reflected in their attitude and practice. Thus, structured educational programs and utilization of available CVD guidelines should be strengthened as a better preventive strategy to overcome this condition. Also, using mass and social media to increase population awareness and good health responsibility is an effective way to limit the risk of CVD incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdan AlShehri
- Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Najran University, Najran, SAU
| | | | | | | | - Leen Abuanq
- Internal Medicine, Taibah University, Madinah, SAU
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Alfhili MA, Alsughayyir J, Basudan AM, Ghneim HK, Alfaifi M, Alamri HS, Awan ZA, Algethami MR. Patterns of Dyslipidemia in the Anemic and Nonanemic Hypertensive Saudi Population: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:7895-7906. [PMID: 36304671 PMCID: PMC9595128 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s379597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Risk factors of cardiovascular disease include dyslipidemia, hypertension (HTN), and anemia. Our objective is to assess the patterns of dyslipidemia in the anemic and non-anemic hypertensive Saudi population. Methods A retrospective, cross-sectional study of the gender, blood pressure, lipid markers, and CBC parameters of 3111 subjects, which were retrieved from the database of Al-Borg Medical Laboratories over a six-year period (2014-2019), was carried out. Means were compared among study groups and the prevalence, association, and diagnostic accuracy of lipid markers for HTN were evaluated. Results TG, LDL/HDL, and TG/HDL were significantly higher (P < 0.0001) in hypertensives. Anemia reduces TC and LDL (P < 0.0001) in both genders, and reduces all markers and increases HDL (P < 0.01) in male hypertensives. HTN was more prevalent in anemics with high TC than normal TC (38.23% vs 11.17%, P < 0.001) and in non-anemics with high TG than normal TG (56.31% vs 21.22%, P < 0.001). Furthermore, non-anemics with high TG/HDL had the highest risk for HTN (RR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.1551-1.2473, P < 0.0001). Elevated TC (P = 0.0142), TG (P < 0.0001), TC/HDL (P < 0.0001), LDL/HDL (P < 0.0001), and TG/HDL (P < 0.0001), and low HDL (P < 0.0001) were risk factors for HTN as shown by ORs. In anemics, high TC/HDL, LDL/HDL, and TG/HDL were not. Importantly, only TG and TG/HDL had a discriminating capacity for HTN. Conclusion The anemic state of hypertensive Saudi patients influences dyslipidemia which warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A Alfhili
- Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,Correspondence: Mohammad A Alfhili, Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Tel +966-504-262-597, Email
| | - Jawaher Alsughayyir
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Basudan
- Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hazem K Ghneim
- Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alfaifi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan S Alamri
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zuhier A Awan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,Department of Clinical Pathology, Al-Borg Medical Laboratories, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Habeeb TH. Inhibitory Action of Date Palm ( Phoenix dactylifera L.) Leaf Extract on Pancreatic Lipase and α-Amylase Activities. Pak J Biol Sci 2021; 24:733-740. [PMID: 34486291 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2021.733.740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
<b>Background and Objective:</b> Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) remain the main cause of mortality globally. High cholesterol levels (hypercholesterolemia) and high blood glucose (diabetes) are among the factors that increase the risk for CVDs. Application of inhibitors for the digestive enzymes accountable for the macronutrient hydrolysis, such as carbohydrates and fats, is one of the prevalent approaches in the development of medications against CVDs. The present study was performed to examine, <i>in vitro</i>, the lipase and amylase inhibitory potential of phenolic rich extract of leaves of four date palm cultivars. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> In the current study, the research investigated the potentiality of phytochemicals extracted from leaves of four date palm cultivars (Rawthan, Rabeaa, Barny and Ajwa), collected from Al-Madinah Governorate as lipase and amylase inhibitors and as antioxidants. Moreover, the total contents of flavonoids and phenolics were assessed. <b>Results:</b> The results revealed that all the tested cultivars showed promising lipase and amylase inhibition and antioxidants capacities. However, Rawthan and Ajwa were the most powerful cultivars. <b>Conclusion:</b> Therefore, the results presented herein suggest as the earliest report, the potential use of date palm leaves as a potential source for lipase and amylase inhibitors as an approach to decrease the risk for CVDs.
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AbuAlUla NA, Elshatarat RA, Yacoub MI, Elhefnawy KA, Aljohani MS, Saleh ZT, Abu Raddaha AH. Relationship between Physiological Health Status, Lifestyle Behaviors, and Cardiovascular Disease Among Adults in Two Arab Countries. Open Cardiovasc Med J 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1874192402115010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose:
Identify the relationships among participants’ lifestyle and their perceptions toward physiological health status.
Methods:
This is a cross-sectional research study. A convenience sampling was used to recruit 480 adult clients from Jordan and Saudi Arabia.
Results:
The majority of the participants (48.8%) rated their physiological health status as sub-optimal health. Significant positive associations were found between participants’ perceptions about physiological health status as ‘healthy’ and their positive lifestyle and low-risk behaviors for Cardiovascular Disease (CVD). Specifically, the associations were between not being smoker (χ2 = 4.17, p = 0.04), practicing physical activity (χ2 = 60.9, p < 0.001), eating ≥ 5 cups of fruits and vegetables daily (χ2 = 8.33, p = 0.004), and being normal/under-weight (χ2 = 65.5, p < 0.001).
Conclusion:
Perception about poor/sub-optimal physical health status is associated with many CVD risk factors. Using a brief screening tool to assess physical health status is recommended at each clinic visit. In addition, periodic physical assessment, full check-up, and follow-up with healthcare providers are highly suggested for those who perceived their physical health status as “poor” to prevent further CVD. Health education is pressingly recommended to improve the awareness of these Arab communities toward the prevention of CVD risk factors and enhancement of positive lifestyle behaviors.
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Kinsara AJ, Ismail YM. Gender differences in patients presenting with non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction in the STAR registry. Egypt Heart J 2021; 73:54. [PMID: 34156545 PMCID: PMC8219809 DOI: 10.1186/s43044-021-00181-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In most acute coronary artery (ACS) related literature, the female gender constitutes a smaller proportion. This study is based on gender-specific data in the Saudi Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry Program (STARS-1 Program). A prospective multicenter study, conducted with patients diagnosed with ACS in 50 participating hospitals. Results In total, 762 (34.12%) patients were diagnosed with non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction. Of this group, only 164 (21.52%) were women. The mean age (64.52 ± 12.56 years) was older and the mean body mass index (BMI) was higher (30.58 ± 6.23). A significantly proportion was diabetic or hypertensive; however, a smaller proportion was smoking. Hyperlipidemia was present in 48%. The history of angina/MI/stroke and revascularization was similar, except for renal impairment. The presentation was atypical as only 70% presented with chest pain, and the rest with shortness of breath or epigastric pain. At presentation, the female group were more tachycardiac, had higher blood pressure, and a higher incidence of being in class 11-111 Killip heart failure. Only 32% had a normal systolic function, and the majority had either mild or moderate systolic dysfunction. In particular, the rate of percutaneous coronary intervention was similar. The in-hospital mortality was similar (5%), with more women diagnosed with atrial fibrillation and heart failure at follow-up. Conclusions Women had a higher prevalence of risk factors affecting the presentation and morbidity but not mortality. Improving these risk factors and the lifestyle is a priority to improve the outcome and decrease morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulhalim Jamal Kinsara
- Department of Cardiology, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, College of medicine, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Yasser M Ismail
- Department of Cardiology, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, College of medicine, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Alruways AFH, Alotaibi NA, Rashikh MA, Alnufeie AA, Alshammari YJD, Alharthy MR, Alanazi FJM. Awareness and prevalence of coronary artery disease risk factors among Saudi adults in Dawadmi, Riyadh province: A cross-sectional study. J Family Med Prim Care 2021; 9:5629-5637. [PMID: 33532406 PMCID: PMC7842469 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_934_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Amongst the Middle East countries, Saudi Arabia is facing rapid progressive urbanization by the adoption of a westernized lifestyle and food habits, which contribute to the rising burden of CAD. We aim to evaluate the awareness and prevalence of CAD risk factors among Saudi adults. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted between January and March 2020. Data were collected through an online survey using a self-administered questionnaire. Data assessed on socio-demographic variables, family history of CAD, knowledge of risk factors, symptoms, and complications of CAD. Results data were entered and analyzed using IBM SPSS statistics, version 25. All comparisons were considered significant at P < 0.05. Results: A total of 311 subjects (48.6% men and 51.4% women) included, and most of the participants were between 18 and 25 years. A majority of the participants did not hear about CAD (82%) and unaware of any risk factors (26.4%), symptoms (25.1%), and complications (72.7%) of CAD. The prevalence of a family history of CAD (9.3%), overweight/obesity (58.6%), physical inactivity (79.1%), and smoking (24.1%) observed considerably high among the participants. Conclusion: The present study reveals that a significantly low level of awareness and a high prevalence of CAD risk factors found among Saudi adults. Therefore, the awareness program is needed at the public level to increase the knowledge of CAD risk factors so that persons with high risk for future CAD can be prevented.
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An observational study of the occurrence of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) among jordanian patients: Identifying the influence of Ramadan Fasting. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2020; 59:171-175. [PMID: 33082945 PMCID: PMC7554320 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2020.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) tend to face several health issues during the Holy month of Ramadan, due to the change in dietary patterns. This study aims to investigate the influence of fasting during Ramadan on the occurrence of ACS. Methods The study followed a retrospective observational design, and was conducted in King Abdullah University Hospital (KAUH) of Jordan, during the period of June 06, 2016 to Aug 08, 2016 and May 27, 2017 to July 27, 2017. Data was collected from a sample of 226 male and female patients, aged between 20 and 80 years with major diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome. Therefore, this is a case series of ACS patients. Results Findings of the study indicated that, Ramadan fasting is insignificantly related to the occurrence of ACS, since no significant difference was found in the incidence of hypertension (65%), diabetes (51.7%), unstable angina (56.6%) and coronary artery disease (CAD) (57.6%) findings during and after Ramadan respectively. Similar, findings were attained for patients' final diagnosis which had normal Kidney Function Test (KFT) (72.5%), platelets (91.5%), and Ejection Fraction (EF) (64.6%). Also, no significant difference was found between patients' smoking status (61.0%), hospital stay (89.8%) and discharge rate (96.9%). Conclusion The study concluded that there is an insignificant association of Ramadan fasting on the cardiac patients and occurrence of acute coronary syndrome.
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Ghamri RA, Alzahrani NS, Alharthi AM, Gadah HJ, Badoghaish BG, Alzahrani AA. Cardiovascular risk factors among high-risk individuals attending the general practice at king Abdulaziz University hospital: a cross-sectional study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2019; 19:268. [PMID: 31775642 PMCID: PMC6882018 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-019-1261-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the primary cause of death worldwide, accounting for 31.0% of all deaths and more than 18 million deaths annually. The 2008 World Health Report indicated that 144 (35%) of the 413 deaths per 100,000 in 2002 in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) were due to CVD. Primary prevention is an important focus of most of the cardiovascular prevention guidelines around the world. In this study, we aimed to describe the prevalence of extrinsic risk factors for CVDs in a high-risk population attending general practice in Jeddah, KSA. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey at King Abdulaziz University Hospital in Jeddah. Patients started on lipid-lowering and/or antihypertensive and/or antidiabetes treatments without a history of established cardiovascular disease were interviewed. The questionnaire was adopted from the EUROASPIRE III study. Results Two hundred and fifty high-risk individuals (80.0% female) were interviewed. Overall, 72% of the patients had been diagnosed with hypertension, 61.2% of patients had dyslipidemia, and approximately two-thirds of patients had diabetes mellitus. Most of the patients (88%) were non-smokers. The mean waist circumference of patients was 101.6 ± 14.1 cm, which suggests most were clinically obese. About 54.8% of the patients followed an unhealthy diet and 52.0% were physically inactive. There were significant differences between women and men in relation to dyslipidemia (p = 0.007), unhealthy diet (p = 0.034), being overweight (p = 0.018), and high blood cholesterol (p = 0.002). We observed significantly greater prevalence of hypertension (p = 0.073), unhealthy diet (p = 0.015), being overweight (p = 0.018), and high blood cholesterol (p = 0.000) in those patients with dyslipidemia. Conclusion Our study presents novel findings in the KSA. Women were more likely to have high-risk CVD risk factors compared with their male counterparts in this sample. Gender-specific prevention programs in the KSA should be considered to more appropriately target at-risk individuals, to reduce preventable morbidity and mortality associated with CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranya A Ghamri
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box: 42806, Jeddah, 21551, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nada S Alzahrani
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box: 42806, Jeddah, 21551, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal M Alharthi
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box: 42806, Jeddah, 21551, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hana J Gadah
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box: 42806, Jeddah, 21551, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Bayan G Badoghaish
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box: 42806, Jeddah, 21551, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Azzah A Alzahrani
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box: 42806, Jeddah, 21551, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Alquwaiay FK, Alshammari FA, Alshammari MS, Alquwaiay DA, Alabdali NAN, Elkandow AEM, Ahmed HG. Assessment of the levels of awareness toward cardiopulmonary resuscitation: A community-based study in Northern Saudi Arabia. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2018; 7:167. [PMID: 30693303 PMCID: PMC6332658 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_169_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a procedure performed in an emergency when the heart stops. Early initiation of CPR can save many lives. Thus, the aim of the present study was to assess the level of awareness toward CPR in a community-based study in Northern Saudi Arabia. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a cross-sectional survey conducted in the city of Hail, Northern Saudi Arabia. Data about CPR were obtained from 442 Saudi volunteers living in the city of Hail. RESULTS A family history of ischemic heart disease was indicated in 148/442 (33.5%) of the participants. On asking the participants whether they have previous information about CPR, about 258/442 (58.4%) persons indicated "Yes," 118/442 (26.6%) replied "May be," and the remaining 66/442 (15%) replied "No." CONCLUSION The study showed a high level of awareness about CPR, which might be attributed to the majority of highly educated participants. Effective and sustainable public CPR training programs are needed to be implemented to preserve better knowledge and awareness of CPR in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ali E. M. Elkandow
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Hail, Hai’l, Saudi Arabia
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Patterns of Physical Activity and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease: A Pilot Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15040778. [PMID: 29673214 PMCID: PMC5923820 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15040778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background: In the current study, we investigated the effect of physical activity (PA) on the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods: In total, 146 cases of CHD and 157 matched controls were included in the study. Data on sociodemographics, lifestyle, and medical history factors were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. A standard World Health Organization (WHO)-based lifestyle questionnaire was used to assess PA. The risk of CHD was analyzed in relation to PA patterns using logistic regression. Results: Vigorous-intensity leisure PA was not associated with a lower risk of CHD. Subjects in the highest tertile of moderate occupational PA had a significantly lower risk of CHD compared to the lowest tertile (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 0.31, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.17–0.56). Subjects in the highest tertile of walking hasd an adjusted OR of 0.37 (95% CI 0.20–0.70). Subjects in the medium and highest tertiles of sedentary behavior had adjusted ORs of 2.01 (95% CI 1.06–3.79) and 3.88 (95% CI 2.14–7.02), respectively (p-value for trend < 0.001). Conclusion: The current results showed that both moderate occupational PA and walking protected against CHD. Sedentary behavior increased the risk of CHD.
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Turk-Adawi K, Sarrafzadegan N, Fadhil I, Taubert K, Sadeghi M, Wenger NK, Tan NS, Grace SL. Cardiovascular disease in the Eastern Mediterranean region: epidemiology and risk factor burden. Nat Rev Cardiol 2017; 15:106-119. [PMID: 28933782 DOI: 10.1038/nrcardio.2017.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The Eastern Mediterranean region (EMR) comprises 22 countries or territories spanning from Morocco in the west to Pakistan in the east, and contains a population of almost 600 million people. Like many other developing regions, the burden of disease in the EMR has shifted in the past 30 years from primarily communicable diseases to noncommunicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease (CVD). Cardiovascular mortality in the EMR, mostly attributable to ischaemic heart disease, is expected to increase more dramatically in the next decade than in any other region except Africa. The most prominent CVD risk factors in this region include tobacco consumption, physical inactivity, depression, obesity, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. Many individuals living in the EMR are unaware of their risk factor status, and even if treated, these risk factors are often poorly controlled. Furthermore, infrequent use of emergency medical services, delays in access to care, and lack of access to cardiac catheterization affects the timely diagnosis of CVD. Treatment of CVD is also suboptimal in this region, consisting primarily of thrombolysis, with insufficient provision of timely revascularization. In this Review, we summarize what is known about CVD burden, risk factors, and treatment strategies for individuals living in the EMR. This information will hopefully aid decision-makers when devising strategies on how to improve CVD prevention and management in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karam Turk-Adawi
- Public Health Department, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Al Jamea Street, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nizal Sarrafzadegan
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Khorram Ave, Isfahan, Iran.,School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2206 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Ibtihal Fadhil
- Noncommunicable Diseases, World Health Organization, East Mediterranean Regional Office, Monazamet El Seha El Alamia Street, extension of Abdel Razak El Sanhouri Street, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Kathryn Taubert
- International Science and Health Strategies, American Heart Association, Aeschengraben 14, Basel 4051, Switzerland
| | - Masoumeh Sadeghi
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Research Center. Cardiovascular Research Institute. Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Khorram Ave, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nanette K Wenger
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, 49 Jesse Hill Jr. Drive SE, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA
| | - Nigel S Tan
- University Health Network, 585 University Ave, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2N2, Canada
| | - Sherry L Grace
- University Health Network, 585 University Ave, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2N2, Canada.,School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Bethune 368, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3, Canada
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