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Schmid JP. Work hard, play hard - but find the right balance. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2024:zwae132. [PMID: 38607344 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwae132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
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Ekblom-Bak E, Ekblom B, Paulsson S, Wallin P, Väisänen D. Revisiting the physical activity paradox: the role of cardiorespiratory fitness in workers with high aerobic demands. Scand J Public Health 2024; 52:123-127. [PMID: 36732911 PMCID: PMC10913308 DOI: 10.1177/14034948221151137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to leisure time physical activity, occupational physical activity may have adverse health effects-a phenomenon known as the "Physical activity paradox". Characteristics such as long duration, low intensity, static and restricted movement, body position and insufficient recovery are possible explanations as to why physical activity in the occupational context may "wear one out" rather than provide health benefits. We emphasise the role of low cardiorespiratory fitness as a potential contributor to the physical activity paradox, and present data suggesting that only 25% to 50% of Swedish workers in occupations with higher aerobic demands may have "sufficient" cardiorespiratory fitness to maintain good health during their employment. More research is needed to fully understand the complexity of the role of other confounding factors when examining the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and occupational workload. However, we believe that there is an increasing need for general awareness amongst Swedish authorities, employees and employers of the potential health consequences of low levels of cardiorespiratory fitness, especially among workers with high occupational workloads. Importantly, when developing interventions targeting the working situation and/or cardiorespiratory fitness levels among workers, researchers should actively involve the relevant population in the design of the study in order to maximize the effect of the interventions on health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Ekblom-Bak
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Sweden
| | - Björn Ekblom
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Sweden
| | - Sofia Paulsson
- HPI Health Profile Institute, Research Department, Danderyd, Sweden
| | - Peter Wallin
- HPI Health Profile Institute, Research Department, Danderyd, Sweden
| | - Daniel Väisänen
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Sweden
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Korshøj M, Møller A, Siersma V, Lund R, Hougaard CØ, Mortensen OS, Allesøe K. Relationship between cumulative exposure to occupational lifting throughout working life and risk of ischemic heart disease in men and women. The Copenhagen Aging and Midlife Biobank. Ann Work Expo Health 2024; 68:109-121. [PMID: 38142405 PMCID: PMC10877461 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxad077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease (IHD) causes mortality and morbidity. High levels of occupational physical activity (OPA) increases IHD risk, and occupational lifting (OL) is suggested as a detrimental OPA exposure. This study investigated the association between accumulated OL throughout working life, and risk for IHD, and potential sex and hypertension differences. Data from Copenhagen Ageing and Midlife Biobank linked to register-based information on incident IHD during 9 years follow-up in the Danish National Patient Registry were included. The outcome was the odds of IHD from baseline (2009-2011) to end of follow-up (2018), among participants without IHD at baseline. Accumulated OL was assessed by linking occupational codes to a Job Exposure Matrix, creating a measure in ton-years (lifting 1,000 kg/day/year). Multivariable logistic regression tested associations between level of accumulated OL and IHD, among the 6,606 included individuals (68% men). During follow-up, 7.3% men and 3.6% women were hospitalized with IHD. Among all participants, the odds for IHD were 47% (OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.05-2.06) higher among those with ≥5 to <10 ton-years, 39% (OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.06-1.83) higher among those with ≥10 to <30 ton-years, and 62% (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.18-2.22) higher among those with ≥30 ton-years, compared to no accumulated OL. However, these increased odds were in the same direction in the fully-adjusted model but statistically insignificant, ≥5 to <10 ton-years OR 1.28, 95% CI 0.88-1.88; ≥10 to <30 ton-years OR 1.20, 95% CI 0.85-1.69; and ≥30 ton-years OR 1.22, 95% CI 0.81-1.84. No statistically significant interactions, nor any associations, between OL and sex, or hypertension were seen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Korshøj
- Department of Occupational and Social Medicine, Holbæk Hospital, part of Copenhagen University Hospital, Gl. Ringstedvej 4B, 4300 Holbæk, Denmark
| | - Anne Møller
- The Research Unit for General Practice and Section of General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, build. 24 Q, 1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Volkert Siersma
- The Research Unit for General Practice and Section of General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, build. 24 Q, 1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Rikke Lund
- Section of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, build. 24 Q, 1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Panum, building 7.2 & 7.3, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Ø Hougaard
- Section of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, build. 24 Q, 1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Ole S Mortensen
- Department of Occupational and Social Medicine, Holbæk Hospital, part of Copenhagen University Hospital, Gl. Ringstedvej 4B, 4300 Holbæk, Denmark
- Section of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, build. 24 Q, 1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Karen Allesøe
- Department of Occupational and Social Medicine, Holbæk Hospital, part of Copenhagen University Hospital, Gl. Ringstedvej 4B, 4300 Holbæk, Denmark
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital – Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Hovedvejen, Entrance 5, Nordre Fasanvej 57, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Tjøsvoll SO, Steiro Fimland M, Gonzalez V, Seeberg TM, Holtermann A, Færevik H, Wiggen Ø. Physical Work Demands of Maintenance Workers on Onshore Petroleum Facilities in Norway: An Observational Study Utilizing Wearable Sensor Technology. Ann Work Expo Health 2023; 67:706-719. [PMID: 37171985 PMCID: PMC10324642 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxad022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES High physical work demands can cause musculoskeletal disorders and sick leave in petroleum workers. However, our knowledge of their physical work demands is scarce and based on self-report. The objective of our study is to work towards closing this knowledge gap by assessing the physical work demands of onshore petroleum maintenance workers using body-worn sensors. METHODS A total of 46 of 69 eligible maintenance workers (37 mechanics and 9 process technicians) from three onshore petroleum facilities in Norway filled in a questionnaire and diary and wore five accelerometers and a heart rate sensor for up to six consecutive workdays. Work-related physical activity and postures were classified using rule-based modelling in a modified version of the validated Acti4 software. RESULTS The onshore maintenance petroleum workers were working an average of 10 h a day and spent on average this time with 48% (SD = 16.5) sitting, 1% (SD = 2.8) lying down, 39% (SD = 16.2) in light physical activity, and 9% (SD = 3.8) in moderate to vigorous physical activity. During work hours while at feet, we found arm elevation ≥60° to be 11% (SD = 7.1) (68 min), and forward bending of the trunk ≥60° to be 2% (SD = 2.2) (14 min). The workers spent 2% (SD = 2.5) (12 minu) of the workhours kneeling. We observed a high inter-individual variation for all these work exposures. Moreover, 26% (12) of the workers conducted static standing for >30% of the workday, and 17% (8) spent more than half of the work hours >33% of their estimated maximal cardiovascular capacity. CONCLUSIONS While onshore maintenance petroleum workers on average spend about half of the workday sitting or lying down, the remaining worktime is spent with a rather high duration of arm elevation and forward bending. Quite high fraction of the workers spends much of the workhours in static standing and kneeling. We see a substantial variation in these work exposures between the workers. The findings indicate a need for preventive measures in how work is organized and performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svein O Tjøsvoll
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Edvard Griegs gate 8, Trondheim N-7491, Norway
| | - Marius Steiro Fimland
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Edvard Griegs gate 8, Trondheim N-7491, Norway
- Unicare Helsefort Rehabilitation Centre, Rissa, Hysnesveien 11, 7112 Hasselvika, Norway
| | - Victor Gonzalez
- Department of Smart Sensor and Microsystems, SINTEF Digital, SINTEF AS, Dept. of Health Research, P.O. Box 124 Blindern, NO-0314 Oslo, Norway
| | - Trine M Seeberg
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Edvard Griegs gate 8, Trondheim N-7491, Norway
- Department of Smart Sensor and Microsystems, SINTEF Digital, SINTEF AS, Dept. of Health Research, P.O. Box 124 Blindern, NO-0314 Oslo, Norway
| | - Andreas Holtermann
- Department of Musculoskeletal Disorders and Physical Workload, National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hilde Færevik
- Department of Health Research, SINTEF Digital, SINTEF AS, P.O. Box 4760 Torgaarden, NO-7465 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Øystein Wiggen
- Department of Health Research, SINTEF Digital, SINTEF AS, P.O. Box 4760 Torgaarden, NO-7465 Trondheim, Norway
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Chappel SE, Naweed A, Chapman J, Vandelanotte C, Holtermann A, Straker L. Can occupational health professionals successfully apply the Goldilocks Work Paradigm in a simulated work redesign? Ergonomics 2023; 66:153-166. [PMID: 35443875 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2022.2067357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess occupational health professionals' application of the Goldilocks Work Paradigm in redesigning jobs for healthier physical behaviours while maintaining productivity. During a group simulation exercise, participants (n = 16) created job descriptions for four different occupation cases (factory worker, office worker, teacher, train driver) and then redesigned the jobs using the Paradigm. Substantial changes in the time spent in sitting (9-30%), standing (8-42%), walking (6-14%), and high-intensity (0-24%) physical behaviours were achieved, which if implemented would likely result in enhanced health for workers. Overall, occupational health professionals were able to successfully redesign fictitious jobs aligned with the Goldilocks Work Paradigm. The simulation task used in this study may be useful to train professionals and assist workplaces to understand and implement the Goldilocks Work Paradigm into practice.Practitioner summary: This study assessed whether occupational health professionals could be trained in the Goldilocks Work Paradigm through a job redesign simulation task. Participants were able to redesign jobs to achieve a healthier 'just right' balance of physical behaviours. Simulations may help workplaces understand and implement a Goldilocks Work approach into practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie E Chappel
- Appleton Institute, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Anjum Naweed
- Appleton Institute, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Janine Chapman
- Appleton Institute, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Adelaide, Australia
- National Centre for Education and Training on Addiction, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Corneel Vandelanotte
- Physical Activity Research Group, Appleton Institute, Central Queensland University, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andreas Holtermann
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Leon Straker
- School of Allied Health and enAble Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
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Assayag E, Wiener R, Gelman E, Abulafia A, Wasser LM, Hanhart J, Zadok D, Weill Y. The Physical Activity Level of Ophthalmologists at Work: A Pedometer-Based Study. Workplace Health Saf 2023; 71:6-12. [PMID: 35673758 DOI: 10.1177/21650799221099039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ophthalmology practice entails many hours of physical inactivity, a potential long-term health hazard. This study aims to perform a pedometer-based evaluation of the physical activity (PA) levels of ophthalmologists at work. METHODS This is a prospective observational study. Ophthalmologists from a single tertiary medical center were monitored with electronic pedometers during six morning sessions in the ophthalmology clinics. Working hours and the number of patients seen per clinic session were retrieved. The age and body mass index (BMI) of participants were documented. Step number per working hour (SPH) was calculated for all participants. Comparisons between males and females, practicing ophthalmologists (attendings) and ophthalmology residents (residents), and sub-specialties were performed. Correlations between SPH and age, BMI, and patients seen per clinic session were computed. FINDINGS Pedometer readings for a total of 673 working hours were analyzed for 24 ophthalmologists, 17% female, 17 attendings, mean age 44.2 years (standard deviation (SD = 9.8). The average number of SPH for all participants was 359.7 (SD = 166.7). The mean PA level of residents was significantly higher than that of attendings (410.17 SPH vs. 338.95 SPH, respectively, p = .019). Oculoplastic surgeons demonstrated significantly higher step counts per hour than cornea specialists (439.90 SPH vs. 245.55 SPH, respectively, p = .002). A negative correlation was observed between SPH and the number of patients seen per clinic session (ρ = -0.274, p = .001). CONCLUSIONS/APPLICATIONS TO PRACTICE Low number of SPH for ophthalmologists in this study indicates ophthalmology to be a highly sedentary medical occupation. PA levels of ophthalmologists in the workplace may indicate a personal health care challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elishai Assayag
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rony Wiener
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Evgeny Gelman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Adi Abulafia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Lauren M Wasser
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Joel Hanhart
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - David Zadok
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yishay Weill
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
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Suutari-Jääskö A, Parkkila K, Perkiömäki J, Huikuri H, Kesäniemi YA, Ukkola OH. Leisure time and occupational physical activity, overall and cardiovascular mortality: a 24-year follow-up in the OPERA study. Ann Med 2023; 55:2245429. [PMID: 37585501 PMCID: PMC10435002 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2023.2245429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In earlier studies, the health benefits of physical activity have only been related to leisure time physical activity (LTPA). High occupational physical activity (OPA) might even be harmful. The current physical activity recommendations do not separate the OPA and LTPA. We investigated the effect of LTPA and OPA on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality during long-term follow-up. We also examined how heavy work affects the benefits of leisure time exercise. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was part of the OPERA study and the baseline examinations were conducted between the years 1991 and 1993. The Follow-up of events continued until the end of the year 2020. Study subjects (n = 1044) were divided into four groups according to their LTPA ("no exercise", "irregular", "regular" and "heavy regular") and into three groups according to their OPA ("no activity", "mild" and "heavy"). The amount of exercise was self-reported and the exercise status was defined at the beginning of the study. Study subjects were followed up for their overall mortality (26 years), fatal and non-fatal CVD events (24 and 20 years) and heart failure (20 years). The survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox-proportional hazard models. RESULTS "Heavy" OPA group subjects belonging to the "irregular" (less than 1-2 times 30 min exercise per week) LTPA group experienced the lowest overall mortality compared to other LTPA groups. Also, overall mortality was increased in the "mild" (p = 0.002) and CVD mortality in the" heavy" (p = 0.005) OPA group compared to "no activity". The incidence of heart failure was increased in the "no exercise" LTPA compared to the "heavy regular" (p = 0.015) group. CONCLUSIONS Study subjects who were in physically demanding occupations (heavy OPA) seemed to benefit from less LTPA than WHO currently recommends. Thus we suggest targeting different LTPA recommendations to different OPA groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asla Suutari-Jääskö
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Karri Parkkila
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Juha Perkiömäki
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Heikki Huikuri
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Y. Antero Kesäniemi
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Olavi H. Ukkola
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Ketels M, Belligh T, De Bacquer D, Clays E. Are Psychosocial Resources Buffering the Relation Between Physical Work Behaviors and Need for Recovery? Int J Public Health 2022; 67:1604787. [PMID: 36589477 PMCID: PMC9800507 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2022.1604787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: We investigate whether job control and/or social support at work play a buffering role in the relation between various physical work behaviors and Need for Recovery (NFR) among employees with physically demanding jobs. Methods: Our findings are based on data from 332 workers. The Job Content Questionnaire was used to assess job control, social support and specific physically demanding tasks. General physical work behaviors were measured by two Axivity AX3 accelerometers. The NFR Scale (0-11) was used to assess NFR. We used multiple linear regression models. Results: Sitting at work turned out to be negatively associated with NFR, whereas physically demanding tasks were associated positively with NFR. Our results show a significant buffering role for job control on the correlation between sitting, physically demanding tasks and NFR, but not for social support. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that higher job control might be beneficial to reduce high NFR and eventually may help to reduce early drop-out and sickness absence. Further research is called for to confirm the buffering role of job control and to investigate the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margo Ketels
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium,*Correspondence: Margo Ketels,
| | - Thomas Belligh
- Department of Linguistics, Faculty of Arts and Philosophy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dirk De Bacquer
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Els Clays
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Esquirol Y, Huo Yung Kai S, Carles C, Marquié JC, Fernandez A, Bongard V, Ferrières J. Exposure to environmental occupational constraints and all-cause mortality: Results for men and women from a 20-year follow-up prospective cohort, the VISAT study. Be aware of shift-night workers! Front Public Health 2022; 10:1014517. [PMID: 36438211 PMCID: PMC9687385 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1014517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine the predictive value of the large panel of occupational constraints (OC) on all-cause mortality with a 20-year follow-up, in general population of workers. Methods In VISAT prospective cohort study, 3,138 workers (1,605 men; 1,533 women) were recruited during the periodic work health visits conducted by occupational physicians. OC (physical, organizational, psychological and employment categories) were collected through self-questionnaires. Exposure durations of each OC were divided by tertile distribution. Cox-regression models were performed to analyze the associations between all-cause mortality and each OC first separately and simultaneously in a single model. Results The mortality rates were higher among exposed participants to most of OC compared to those unexposed. Being exposed and longer exposure increased the risks of all-cause mortality for exposures to carrying heavy loads, loud noise, working more than 48 h/week, starting its first job before 18 years old although these risks became non-significant after adjustments for cardiovascular risk factors. Shift work and night work confirmed a high risk of mortality whatever the adjustments and notably when the other occupational exposures were taking into account, with, respectively: HR: 1.38 (1.01-1.91) and 1.44 (1.06-1.95). After adjustments being exposed more than 13 years to a work requiring getting-up before 5:00 a.m. and more than 16 years in rotating shift work significantly increased the risk of mortality by one and a half. Conclusion The links between each OC and all-cause mortality and the role of individual factors were stressed. For night-shift workers, it is urgent to implement preventive strategies at the workplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolande Esquirol
- 1UMR 1295, Centre d'Epidémiologie et de Recherche en santé des Populations, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III – Inserm, Toulouse, France,2Occupational Health Department, CHU-Toulouse, Toulouse, France,*Correspondence: Yolande Esquirol
| | | | - Camille Carles
- 4Occupational Health Department, Equipe EPICENE, CHU de Bordeaux, University Bordeaux, Inserm UMR 1219, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-Claude Marquié
- 5Cognition, Langues, Langage, Ergonomie, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Université Toulouse 2 Jean Jaures, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Audrey Fernandez
- 6UMR 1295, Centre d'Epidémiologie et de Recherche en santé des POPulations, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III–Inserm, Toulouse, France
| | - Vanina Bongard
- 7Epidemiology Department CHU de Toulouse, UMR 1295, Centre d'Epidémiologie et de Recherche en santé des POPulations, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III-Inserm, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean Ferrières
- 8Department of Cardiology, CHU de Toulouse, UMR 1295, Centre d'Epidémiologie et de Recherche en santé des POPulations, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III–Inserm, Toulouse, France
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Asiamah N, Awuviry-Newton K, Vieira ER, Bateman A, Khan HTA, Mensah HK, Villalobos Dintrans P, Danquah E. Older Adults' Vigorous Occupational Physical Activity Levels in Six Countries Are Explained by Country and 'Having Multiple Jobs'. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:14065. [PMID: 36360952 PMCID: PMC9658628 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have compared physical activity (PA) levels between countries, but none of these studies focused on older adults and occupational PA. This study aimed to assess potential inequalities in older adults' occupational PA across six countries and to ascertain whether having multiple jobs is a factor that interacts with country of residence to modify inequalities. This study adopted a cross-sectional design with a statistical technique screening for potential covariates. Older adults (mean age = 64 years; range = 50-114 years) from six countries (Russia, Mexico, China, India, Ghana, and South Africa) participated in the study. We utilised data from the first wave of the Study on Global AGEing and Adult Health (SAGE). These data were collected from 2007 to 2010. A random sample of 34,114 older adults completed the survey. We analysed the data with a two-way multivariate analysis of variance after screening for the ultimate covariates. There were differences in occupational PA levels (i.e., vigorous and moderate PA) among the six countries. Occupational PA levels were not significantly associated with having multiple jobs. However, having multiple jobs interacted with country of residence to influence vigorous occupational PA. Older adults from most countries who had more than one job reported more vigorous occupational PA. Older adults' occupational PA differed among the six countries, and having multiple jobs was associated with more vigorous occupational PA. Older adults who keep multiple jobs at a time may be more active than their counterparts who had one job or were unemployed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nestor Asiamah
- Division of Interdisciplinary Research and Practice, School of Health and Social Care, University of Essex, Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK
- Africa Centre for Epidemiology, Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Accra P.O. Box AN 18462, Ghana
| | - Kofi Awuviry-Newton
- African Health and Ageing Research Centre (AHaARC), Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Winneba, Ghana
| | - Edgar R. Vieira
- Department of Physical Therapy, Nicole Wertheim College of Nursing & Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Andrew Bateman
- Division of Interdisciplinary Research and Practice, School of Health and Social Care, University of Essex, Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Hafiz T. A. Khan
- College of Nursing, Midwifery, and Healthcare, University of West London, Paragon House, Boston Manor Road, Brentford TW8 9GB, UK
| | - Henry Kofi Mensah
- Department of Human Resources and Organizational Development, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, PMB KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Pablo Villalobos Dintrans
- African Health and Ageing Research Centre (AHaARC), Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Winneba, Ghana
- Programa Centro Salud Pública, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago, Santiago 8990000, Chile
- Millennium Institute for Care Research (MICARE), Santiago, Chile
| | - Emelia Danquah
- Africa Centre for Epidemiology, Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Accra P.O. Box AN 18462, Ghana
- Research Directorate, Koforidua Technical University, Koforidua P.O. Box KF 981, Ghana
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11
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Bopp M, Wilson OWA, Elliott LD, Holland KE, Duffey M, Papalia Z. Gender and race/ethnicity differences in occupational activity among students. Arch Environ Occup Health 2022; 78:170-176. [PMID: 36259955 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2022.2134282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Occupational physical activity (OPA) is related to positive health outcomes and meeting overall physical activity recommendations. OPA participation typically varies across racial/ethnic groups and by gender, though little research has examined differences in OPA among college students. A cross-sectional, online survey of college students examined demographics and OPA. Participants (n = 3739) were predominately Non-Hispanic White (77.1%) and female (57.8%) aged 20.97 ± 1.52. Employed students reported greater total PA compared with non-employed students. Males reported significantly greater vigorous OPA, overall OPA, and total PA compared with females. Among employed students, OPA contributed significantly to overall PA levels. Males reported significantly greater OPA compared with females and there were several significant differences by race/ethnicity. Academic performance was related to OPA. These findings provide some insight on the OPA levels of a population group that has not been thoroughly examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Bopp
- Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Oliver W A Wilson
- Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Lucas D Elliott
- Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Kelsey E Holland
- Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Michele Duffey
- Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Zack Papalia
- Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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12
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Tjøsvoll SO, Wiggen Ø, Gonzalez V, Seeberg TM, Elez Redzovic S, Frostad Liaset I, Holtermann A, Steiro Fimland M. Assessment of Physical Work Demands of Home Care Workers in Norway: An Observational Study Using Wearable Sensor Technology. Ann Work Expo Health 2022; 66:1187-1198. [PMID: 35959647 PMCID: PMC9664225 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxac052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES High physical work demands are believed to be partly responsible for the high sickness absence among home care workers, but no studies have assessed their physical work demands using precise device-based measurements. Hence, the objective of this observational study was to assess physical work demands in home care, using wearable sensors. METHODS From six home care units in a large municipality in Norway, 114 of 195 eligible home care workers filled in a questionnaire, a diary about work hours, and wore five accelerometers, and a heart rate sensor for up to six consecutive workdays. RESULTS On average, the homecare workers spent 50% of the working hours sitting, 25.2% standing, 11.4% moving, 8.3% walking fast, 1.9% walking slow, 1.2% stair-climbing, 0.3% cycling, and 0.05% running. We found the following exposures to demanding postures: arm-elevation in an upright body position ≥30° was 36.7%, ≥60° was 4.1%, and ≥90°was 0.5%; forward trunk inclination in an upright body position ≥30° was 9.9%, ≥60° was 4%, and ≥90° was 1%; and for kneeling it was 0.8%. We found the average cardiovascular load (%heart rate reserve) during work to be 28%. There was considerable individual variation in these physical exposures at work. CONCLUSIONS This study presents precise information on various physical work demands of home care workers in Norway. Home care workers spent on average half the workday sitting and the remaining time in various occupational physical activities. Presently, few device-based exposure limits have been proposed for acceptable amounts of occupational physical exposures, but the level of arm-elevation, forward trunk inclination, and the considerable variation of physical workloads among home care workers, indicate that preventive measures should be taken.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Øystein Wiggen
- Health Research, SINTEF DIGITAL, SINTEF AS, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Victor Gonzalez
- Smart Sensor Systems, SINTEF DIGITAL, SINTEF AS, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trine M Seeberg
- Smart Sensor Systems, SINTEF DIGITAL, SINTEF AS, Oslo, Norway
| | - Skender Elez Redzovic
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ingeborg Frostad Liaset
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Andreas Holtermann
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lerso Parkalle, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marius Steiro Fimland
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway,Unicare Helsefort Rehabilitation Centre, Rissa, Norway
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13
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Galmes-Panades AM, Abbate M, Bennasar-Veny M, López-González AA, Vicente-Herrero MT, Busquets-Cortés C, Leiva A, Yañez AM. Occupational and Leisure Physical Activity on Cardiovascular Risk and Body Composition Among Courier Workers. Biol Res Nurs 2022; 24:560-572. [PMID: 35613699 DOI: 10.1177/10998004221105535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is some controversy about the beneficial effects of occupational physical activity (OPA) on cardiovascular risk (CVR). The main aim of this study was to explore the effect of the combination of different frequencies of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and two types of OPA on CVR and body composition, and whether the association between physical activity (PA) and CVR was mediated by visceral adipose tissue (VAT). METHODS This cross-sectional study included data from 2516 couriers living in Spain, delivering either by motorbike or foot, and practicing LTPA never, occasionally, or regularly. Couriers were classified into six categories according to LTPA and OPA; body composition was assessed by Bioelectrical Impedance, and CVR by the Framingham equation. General linear models were performed to explore the association between different categories with each outcome (CVR and body composition) and the possible role of VAT as a mediator between PA and CVR. RESULTS Compared with the most sedentary group (motorbike couriers that never practice PA), walking couriers who practice regular PA presented the lowest CVR [β -1.58 (95% CI -2.31; -0.85)] and the lowest VAT [β -2.86 (95% CI -3.74; -1.98) followed by the motorbike couriers who practiced regular PA [β -0.51 (95% CI -1.00; -0.03) for CVR and β -2.33 (95% CI -2.91; -1.75) for VAT]. The association between PA and CVR was partially mediated by VAT. CONCLUSION The present results indicated that both OPA and LTPA are protective factors for CVR and play an important role on VAT accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aina Maria Galmes-Panades
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Research Group on Nutritional Epidemiology & Cardiovascular Physiopathology (NUTRECOR), 219656Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), University Hospital Son Espases (HUSE), Palma, Spain
| | - Manuela Abbate
- Research Group on Global Health and Lifestyle (EVES), 219656Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), University Hospital Son Espases (HUSE), Palma, Spain
| | - Miquel Bennasar-Veny
- Research Group on Global Health and Lifestyle (EVES), 219656Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), University Hospital Son Espases (HUSE), Palma, Spain.,Nursing and Physiotherapy Department, 16745Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, Spain.,CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 117368Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Arturo López-González
- Prevention of Occupational Risks in Health Services, 88144Balearic Islands Health Service, Palma, Spain.,Escuela Universitaria ADEMA, Palma, Illes Balears, Spain.,Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (IUNICS), 16745Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, Spain
| | | | - Carla Busquets-Cortés
- Escuela Universitaria ADEMA, Palma, Illes Balears, Spain.,Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (IUNICS), 16745Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, Spain
| | - Alfonso Leiva
- Primary Care Research Unit of Mallorca, 88144Balearic Islands Health Services (IbSalut), Palma, Spain.,Network for Research on Chronicity, Primary Care, and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), Palma, Spain
| | - Aina María Yañez
- Research Group on Global Health and Lifestyle (EVES), 219656Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), University Hospital Son Espases (HUSE), Palma, Spain.,Nursing and Physiotherapy Department, 16745Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, Spain.,Network for Research on Chronicity, Primary Care, and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), Palma, Spain
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14
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Kitano N, Kai Y, Jindo T, Fujii Y, Tsunoda K, Arao T. Association of domain-specific physical activity and sedentary behavior with cardiometabolic health among office workers. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2022; 32:1224-1235. [PMID: 35426181 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies have reported opposite effects of occupational or non-occupational physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) on health outcomes. However, no study has investigated the relationship between domain-specific movement behaviors and cardiometabolic health (CMH) among office workers, considering the compositional nature of time-use data. We investigated the associations of accelerometer-measured PA and SB for each domain (working time, non-working time on workday, and non-workday) with CMH indicators among office workers, using compositional data analysis. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 1258 Japanese office workers. The time spent on SB, light-intensity PA (LPA), and moderate- to vigorous-intensity PA (MVPA) were assessed using an accelerometer. CMH indicators were retrieved from the annual health check-up data. RESULTS Compositional multiple linear regression indicated that PA and SB during non-working time on workdays, but not working time or non-workdays, were significantly associated with CMH. In particular, during non-working time, time reallocations from SB to LPA and from SB to MVPA were associated with favorable changes in cardiometabolic risk score and lipid metabolism, respectively. Paradoxically, a greater proportion of LPA during non-working time was associated with favorable diastolic blood pressure (β = 1.61; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.02, 3.19), whereas occupational LPA was detrimental (β = -2.48; 95% CI = -4.87, -0.09). CONCLUSION Our results suggested that reducing SB and increasing PA during non-working time on workdays may be effective for managing CMH among office workers. Future longitudinal studies using compositional data analysis are required to confirm our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naruki Kitano
- Physical Fitness Research Institute, Meiji Yasuda Life Foundation of Health and Welfare, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Kai
- Physical Fitness Research Institute, Meiji Yasuda Life Foundation of Health and Welfare, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Jindo
- Physical Fitness Research Institute, Meiji Yasuda Life Foundation of Health and Welfare, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan.,Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yuya Fujii
- Physical Fitness Research Institute, Meiji Yasuda Life Foundation of Health and Welfare, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Tsunoda
- Physical Fitness Research Institute, Meiji Yasuda Life Foundation of Health and Welfare, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan.,Faculty of Social Welfare, Yamaguchi Prefectural University, Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Takashi Arao
- Physical Fitness Research Institute, Meiji Yasuda Life Foundation of Health and Welfare, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
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15
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Merkus SL, Coenen P, Forsman M, Knardahl S, Veiersted KB, Mathiassen SE. An Exploratory Study on the Physical Activity Health Paradox-Musculoskeletal Pain and Cardiovascular Load during Work and Leisure in Construction and Healthcare Workers. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:2751. [PMID: 35270444 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Using a novel approach, this exploratory study investigated whether the physical activity (PA) paradox extends to cardiovascular load and musculoskeletal pain. At baseline, 1–2 days of 24 h heart rate was assessed in 72 workers from construction and healthcare. Workers then reported pain intensity in 9 body regions (scale 0–3) every 6 months for two years. The 2 year average of musculoskeletal pain (sum of 9 pain scores; scale 0–27) was regressed on time spent during work and leisure above three thresholds of percentage heart rate reserve (%HRR), i.e., ≥20 %HRR, ≥30 %HRR, and ≥40 %HRR, using a novel ilr structure in compositional data analysis. Analyses were stratified for several important variables. Workers spending more time in physical activity at work had higher pain, while workers with more time in physical activity during leisure had less pain (i.e., the PA paradox), but none of the associations were statistically significant. Higher aerobic capacity and lower body mass index lowered the pain score among those with higher physical activity at work. This exploratory study suggests that the PA paradox may apply to musculoskeletal pain and future studies with larger sample sizes and additional exposure analyses are needed to explain why this occurs.
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16
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Furuya Y, Fukai K, Nakazawa S, Kojimahara N, Hoshi K, Toyota A, Tatemichi M. Occupational physical activity differentially affects the risk for developing later-onset Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis among middle-aged and older populations. Scand J Gastroenterol 2022; 57:206-213. [PMID: 34762552 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2021.1999495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A person's occupation may increase his/her risk for developing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study investigated the association between risk for later-onset of IBD and both specific occupations and occupational physical activity (OPA) levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS A multicenter hospital-based matched case-control study was conducted using the Inpatient Clinico-Occupational Survey database. Cases were patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) patients admitted for the first time between 2005 and 2015. Four controls matched by age, sex, admission year and hospital were selected for each case. Cases and controls were grouped into the longest-held occupations as classified by the Japanese Standard Occupational Classification and OPA levels. We conducted conditional logistic regressions to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for IBD, CD and UC adjusted for alcohol consumption and smoking status. RESULTS There were 564 cases (172 CD, 392 UC) and 2086 controls. The risk for UC was higher among sales workers and carrying, cleaning and packing workers (ORs 2.62 [95%CIs 1.18-5.82], 2.52 [1.04-6.09]). There was no association between occupation type and CD risk. Higher OPA level decreased CD risk (OR 0.51 [95%CIs 0.26-1.00]) and increased UC risk (OR 1.53 [95%CIs 1.02-2.30]). CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed that the risk for later-onset of UC, but not CD, was associated with longest-held 'service' and 'manufacture' work. The risk by OPA levels was inversely associated between CD and UC. Further studies are needed by follow-up method for long-term effects of physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Furuya
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Kota Fukai
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Shoko Nakazawa
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | | | - Keika Hoshi
- Center of Public Health Informatics, National Institute of Public Health, Wako, Japan.,Department of Hygiene, School of Medicine, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Akihiro Toyota
- Chugoku Rosai Hospital Research Center for the Promotion of Health and Employment Support, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety, Kure, Japan
| | - Masayuki Tatemichi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
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17
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Wang J, He L, Yang N, Li Z, Xu L, Li W, Ping F, Zhang H, Li Y. Occupational and domestic physical activity and diabetes risk in adults: Results from a long-term follow-up cohort. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1054046. [PMID: 36568093 PMCID: PMC9780271 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1054046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity (PA) has been associated with decreased incidence of diabetes. However, few studies have evaluated the influence of occupational and domestic PA on the risk of diabetes with a long-term follow-up. We aimed to examine the association between occupational and domestic PA and the risk of diabetes in a long-term prospective cohort of Chinese adults. METHODS A total of 10,343 adults who were followed up in the China Health and Nutrition Survey from 1997 to 2015 were included in our analysis. Occupational and domestical PA were collected with detailed seven-day data and were converted into metabolic equivalents values. Total PA included occupational, domestic, transportation, and leisure time PA. Diabetes cases were identified by self-reported doctor/health professional diagnosis of diabetes, fasting blood glucose ≥7.0 mmol/L, and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ≥6.5%. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS During up to 18 years of follow-up (median 10 years), there were 575 diabetes cases documented. Occupational PA accounted for the majority of total PA (68%) in Chinese population, followed by domestic PA (25%). With adjustments for possible covariates, the highest quartiles of total PA (HR, 0.728 [95% CI, 0.570-0.929]) and occupational PA (HR, 0.765 [95% CI, 0.596-0.982]) were significantly associated with a lower risk of diabetes compared with lowest quartiles. The association between domestic PA and the risk of diabetes was insignificant (P >0.05). CONCLUSION Higher levels of occupational PA were associated with a decreased risk of diabetes risk in the Chinese population. Domestic PA was not associated with the incidence of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yuxiu Li
- *Correspondence: Huabing Zhang, ; Yuxiu Li,
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18
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Quinn TD, Kline CE, F Nagle E, Radonovich LJ, Barone Gibbs B. Physical Activity in the Workplace: Does Just Working Meet Activity Recommendations? Workplace Health Saf 2021; 70:81-89. [PMID: 34927499 DOI: 10.1177/21650799211055174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: The physical activity (PA) health paradox hypothesizes that occupational physical activity (OPA) and leisure time PA have differential cardiovascular health effects due to increased cardiovascular load without adequate recovery; however, research describing worker PA lacks high-quality objective OPA measurement. This study aimed to objectively describe PA profiles of men reporting high OPA and make comparisons to aerobic PA and OPA recommendations. Methods: Male food service, material moving, health care, or maintenance workers wore activity (ActiGraph® and activPAL®) and heart rate monitors for 7 days. Participants recorded work, non-work, and sleep times in a diary. PA was operationalized as time spent in sedentary behavior, upright time, light, moderate, vigorous, and moderate-to-vigorous PA during work and non-work hours. PA profiles were described and compared with Centers for Disease Control and Prevention aerobic PA guidelines (≥21.4 minute/day) and OPA recommendations (<30 minute/hour upright and intensity of <30% heart rate reserve). Findings: Nineteen male workers (68% White, age = 46.6±7.9 years) were more active on workdays than non-workdays (sedentary: 492.3 vs. 629.7 minute/day; upright: 462.4 vs. 325.2 minute/day; moderate-to-vigorous PA: 72.4 vs. 41.5 minute/day, respectively; all p < .05). Most participants (17/19) achieved aerobic PA guidelines across all days with more achieving on workdays (19/19) than non-workdays (13/19). OPA often exceeded recommended limits with participants accumulating 39.6±12.2 minutes/work hour upright and 30.3±25.9% of working time >30% heart rate reserve. Conclusions/Application to Practice: Male workers reporting high OPA typically met aerobic PA guidelines but exceeded recommended OPA limits. The long-term health implications of such activity profiles should be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler D Quinn
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.,University of Pittsburgh
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19
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Kuster RP, von Rosen P, Grooten WJA, Dohrn IM, Hagströmer M. Self-Reported and Device-Measured Physical Activity in Leisure Time and at Work and Associations with Cardiovascular Events-A Prospective Study of the Physical Activity Paradox. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:12214. [PMID: 34831970 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182212214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The beneficial health effects of physical activity, in particular moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), are well documented, but there is an ongoing scientific debate whether the domain matters, i.e., whether leisure time physical activity is beneficial and occupational physical activity is detrimental to health, referred to as the physical activity paradox. The present study, therefore, analyzed the association between self-reported and device-measured physical activity and cardiovascular events in both domains. A representative sample of 807 individuals was followed for 14.6 ± 1.1 years, in which 59 cardiovascular events occurred. For self-reported data, Cox proportional hazard models showed no effect of physical activity in leisure and at work, while for device-measured MVPA, beneficial associations with total time spent in MVPA and occupational time spent in MVPA were found, but not for leisure time spent in MVPA. When accounting for both domains in the same model, the associations disappeared. These results indicate that it matters how physical activity is measured and that MVPA is beneficial for cardiovascular health, but the domain in which MVPA occurs does not seem to matter.
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20
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Parker HM, Gallagher R, Duffield C, Ding D, Sibbritt D, Perry L. Occupational and Leisure-Time Physical Activity Have Different Relationships With Health: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study of Working Nurses. J Phys Act Health 2021; 18:1495-1502. [PMID: 34686623 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2020-0415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent research has focused on the potential benefits of physical activity in occupational settings in addition to leisure time. However, occupational physical activity (OPA) differs substantially for occupations that require heavy and repetitive physical work, such as nursing. We explored associations between leisure time and OPA and health outcomes in working nurses and midwives. METHODS Nurses who were enrolled in the Fit For the Future study (New South Wales, Australia) and who completed physical activity questionnaires (n = 4343) were classified according to high (HO) or low (LO) occupational and high (HL) or low (LL) leisure-time physical activity (LTPA): HO performed walking/heavy labor most/all of the time at work; HL met the guidelines of 150 minutes per week moderate to vigorous LTPA, creating 4 categories: HOLL, HOHL, LOHL, and LOLL. RESULTS HL predicted better self-rated health (unstandardized B = 0.51, 95% confidence interval, 0.44 to 0.57) and lower likelihood of ≥3 sick days in the past 12 months (OR: 0.71, 95% confidence interval, 0.61 to 0.83), whereas HO predicted higher likelihood of ≥3 sick days (OR: 1.17, 95% confidence interval, 1.01 to 1.35), adjusting for all variables. CONCLUSIONS OPA may not confer the same health benefits as LTPA for nurses. Health-promoting interventions should emphasize the importance of achieving adequate moderate to vigorous LTPA for all, including those undertaking substantial OPA.
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Brückner U, Laux S, Schneider-Lauteren S, Schneider J. Excessing Energy Expenditure in Female Healthcare Workers in a University Hospital. Ann Work Expo Health 2021; 66:89-101. [PMID: 34314496 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxab054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The assessment of energy expenditure (EE) at workplaces maintains a central topic in occupational health due to increasing work-related issues. Today 80% of employees in the healthcare system are women. Limited research concerning their physical activity at work is available. The purpose of the study was the investigation of body composition, maximum physical capacity and quantification of physical work activity for female healthcare workers under real-time conditions. METHODS Occupational physical activity (PA) of 33 female healthcare workers in a university hospital was quantified. Health associate professionals (HAP), health professionals (HP), and females working from cleaners and helpers (CH) department participated. All underwent cardio pulmonary exercise test. For every working task VO2, VCO2 and RER were measured and EE was calculated individually for each task. RESULTS Forty-two different working tasks were identified and grouped in seven categories to compare physical activity (PA): 'office and laboratory work', 'bedside patient care', 'instrument reprocessing, packing boxes', 'walking with patient, or alone', 'pushing carts or wheelchairs', 'strenuous cleaning in bent posture' and 'lifting heavy boxes, weights or items'. By comparing groups of healthcare workers, CH and HAP spent significant (p < 0.01) more EE (in kcal/min) 3.9 resp. 3.2 than HP 2.5. Light PA e.g. office and laboratory work (2.7 ± 0.6) and bedside patient care (2.9 ± 0.7) were accomplished by HP and HAP while HAP and CH performed moderate PA such as 'packing boxes' (3.6 ± 0.8), 'pushing carts' and 'strenuous cleaning' (4.7 ± 0.9). Work performed by CH and HAP, i.e. 'strenuous cleaning' and 'lifting heavy items' showed highest kcal per kg Fat Free Mass (FFM) per hour with 5.80 [4.05-7.81] and 6.94 [5.18-9.03] kcal/kgFFM/h. CONCLUSION Our findings lend preliminary support to the hypothesis that the majority of activities in female healthcare workers were of low and moderate PA and can be accomplished by middle aged and even older female workers. CH performed tasks with heavy physical activities (PA) like cleaning and lifting heavy weights. HAP performed light/moderate PA below their maximum physical capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Brückner
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational and Social Medicine University Hospital Gießen, Aulweg 129, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - Sandra Laux
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational and Social Medicine University Hospital Gießen, Aulweg 129, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - Stephanie Schneider-Lauteren
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational and Social Medicine University Hospital Gießen, Aulweg 129, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - Joachim Schneider
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational and Social Medicine University Hospital Gießen, Aulweg 129, 35392 Gießen, Germany
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Konkor I, Dogoli MA, Kuuire V, Wilson K. Examining the Relationship Between Occupational Physical Activity and Hypertension Status: Evidence from the Ghana WHO Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health. Ann Work Expo Health 2021; 65:1050-1060. [PMID: 34089319 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxab035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The employment landscape has changed significantly over the past few years in emerging economies including Ghana where many people are rapidly transitioning from livelihood activities that originally involved physical exertion to work environments where performance of duties are mostly non-physical. Working under non-active conditions could, however, exacerbate the risk of developing chronic diseases that are increasingly becoming problematic in many developing countries. Drawing on a cross-sectional nationally representative sample data of 4425 adult Ghanaian workers collected by the WHO Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health in developing countries, we examined the relationship between occupational physical activity and hypertensive status. We employed the complementary log-log analysis technique to build nested models with results presented in odds ratios. After controlling for several relevant variables, the results show that performing sedentary related work (AOR = 1.23, CI = 1.06-1.42) is significantly associated with a higher likelihood of being hypertensive compared with those whose work involved moderate physical activity. Other factors that were significantly associated with being hypertensive included tobacco use (AOR = 1.33, CI = 1.05-1.70), living in an urban environment (AOR = 1.15, CI = 1.01-1.32), and being a female (AOR = 1.18, CI = 1.01-1.37) and being an older person. Policies on reducing the risk of developing chronic conditions especially hypertension need to recognize the contributions of the work environment in emerging developing economies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irenius Konkor
- Department of Geography, Geomatics and Environment, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Maurice Anfaara Dogoli
- Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L, Canada
| | - Vincent Kuuire
- Department of Geography, Geomatics and Environment, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Kathi Wilson
- Department of Geography, Geomatics and Environment, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada
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Chappel SE, Aisbett B, Considine J, Ridgers ND. Bidirectional associations between emergency nurses' occupational and leisure physical activity: An observational study. J Sports Sci 2020; 39:705-713. [PMID: 33140995 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1841921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Emergency nursing is a physically demanding occupation yet research suggests they do not meet current physical activity guidelines. Current interventions have had limited effectiveness increasing nurses' physical activity, possibly due to a failure to acknowledge physical activity in another domain (e.g., occupational). This study aimed to determine the bidirectional associations between emergency nurses' occupational and leisure time activity levels on work days. Data from 49 emergency nurses (44 females and five males) wearing an ActiGraph accelerometer and completing work and sleep diaries for up to four weeks were analysed. An activPAL inclinometer was simultaneously worn by 41 nurses. Time spent in different activity levels and postural positions during work and leisure time were determined. Multi-level analyses examined bidirectional associations between emergency nurses' activity levels at work and during their leisure time. Moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity prior to a morning shift was associated with more sedentary time and less physical activity at work. Conversely, occupational stepping time was associated with more sitting, standing and stepping time after each shift. These findings provide critical insights into how and when researchers should intervene to facilitate adequate recovery for nurses' post-shift and balance competing demands on their leisure time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Erin Chappel
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Brad Aisbett
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Julie Considine
- School of Nursing and Midwifery and Centre for Quality and Patient Safety Research, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.,Centre for Quality and Patient Safety Research - Eastern Health Partnership, Box Hill, Australia
| | - Nicola Diane Ridgers
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
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Ketels M, Rasmussen CL, Korshøj M, Gupta N, De Bacquer D, Holtermann A, Clays E. The Relation between Domain-Specific Physical Behaviour and Cardiorespiratory Fitness: A Cross-Sectional Compositional Data Analysis on the Physical Activity Health Paradox Using Accelerometer-Assessed Data. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E7929. [PMID: 33137943 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17217929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to leisure time physical activity (LTPA), occupational physical activity (OPA) does not have similar beneficial health effects. These differential health effects might be explained by dissimilar effects of LTPA and OPA on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). This study investigated cross-sectional associations between different physical behaviours during both work and leisure time and CRF by using a Compositional Data Analysis approach. Physical behaviours were assessed by two accelerometers among 309 workers with various manual jobs. During work time, more sedentary behaviour (SB) was associated with higher CRF when compared relatively to time spent on other work behaviours, while more SB during leisure time was associated with lower CRF when compared to other leisure time behaviours. Reallocating more time to moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) from the other behaviours within leisure time was positively associated with CRF, which was not the case for MVPA during work. The results of our study are in line with the physical activity health paradox and we call for further study on the interaction between LTPA and OPA by implementing device-worn measures in a longitudinal design. Our results highlight the need for recommendations to take into account the different effects of OPA and LTPA on CRF.
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Lim M, Jeong KS, Oh SS, Koh SB, Chang SJ, Ahn YS. Effects of Occupational and Leisure-Time Physical Activities on Insomnia in Korean Firefighters. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17155397. [PMID: 32727051 PMCID: PMC7432718 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17155397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Studies have been conducted on the association between physical activity (PA) and sleep, but to the best of our knowledge, a simultaneous analysis of the effects of occupational PA (OPA) and leisure time PA (LTPA) on South Korean firefighters’ sleep has never been conducted. This study aims to analyze how OPA and LTPA affect these individuals’ risk of suffering from insomnia with-in this specific population of subjects. The study includes data from an online self-report survey in which 9788 South Korean firefighters participated. The survey used the Insomnia Severity Index and the OPA- and LTPA-related characteristics were investigated. The independent two-sample t-test, χ2 test, and multiple logistic regression analysis were performed. Subgroup logistic regression analyses were also completed in accordance with the OPA level. Among 9788 participants, 890 (9.1%) suffered from insomnia. A logistic regression analysis revealed that higher levels of feeling of job loading (FoJL), rising levels of physical strength utilization rate (PSUR), greater frequency levels of occupational activities, and high-intensity LTPA were significantly correlated with an increased risk of insomnia, while execution of LTPA and getting enough rest after LTPA was correlated with a decreased risk. However, the subgroup analysis showed that high-intensity LTPA was correlated with a significantly increased the risk in the group with high OPA, but this did not apply to the group with low OPA. Although the risk of suffering from insomnia was overall significantly higher in the high OPA group, the risk was significantly lower in groups getting enough rest after partaking in LTPA, regardless of the OPA level. Thus, the intensity of exercise programs pre-scribed to groups with high OPA and individuals with higher risks of suffering from insomnia, such as firefighters, police officers, and soldiers, should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeongseob Lim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Yonsei Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Korea; (M.L.); (K.S.J.); (S.-S.O.)
| | - Kyoung Sook Jeong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Yonsei Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Korea; (M.L.); (K.S.J.); (S.-S.O.)
| | - Sung-Soo Oh
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Yonsei Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Korea; (M.L.); (K.S.J.); (S.-S.O.)
| | - Sang-Baek Koh
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Genomic Cohort Institute, Yonsei Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Korea;
| | - Sei-Jin Chang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Yonsei Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Korea;
| | - Yeon-Soon Ahn
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Genomic Cohort Institute, Yonsei Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-33-741-0255
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Zeiher J, Duch M, Kroll LE, Mensink GBM, Finger JD, Keil T. Domain-specific physical activity patterns and cardiorespiratory fitness among the working population: Findings from the cross-sectional German Health Interview and Examination Survey. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e034610. [PMID: 32345698 PMCID: PMC7213860 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate associations between occupational physical activity patterns (physical work demands linked to job title) and leisure time physical activity (assessed by questionnaire) with cardiorespiratory fitness (assessed by exercise test) among men and women in the German working population. DESIGN Population-based cross-sectional study. SETTING Two-stage cluster-randomised general population sample selected from population registries of 180 nationally distributed sample points. Information was collected from 2008 to 2011. PARTICIPANTS 1296 women and 1199 men aged 18-64 from the resident working population. OUTCOME MEASURE Estimated low maximal oxygen consumption ([Formula: see text]), defined as first and second sex-specific quintile, assessed by a standardised, submaximal cycle ergometer test. RESULTS Low estimated [Formula: see text] was strongly linked to low leisure time physical activity, but not occupational physical activity. The association of domain-specific physical activity patterns with low [Formula: see text] varied by sex: women doing no leisure time physical activity with high occupational physical activity levels were more likely to have low [Formula: see text] (OR 6.54; 95% CI 2.98 to 14.3) compared with women with ≥2 hours of leisure time physical activity and high occupational physical activity. Men with no leisure time physical activity and low occupational physical activity had the highest odds of low [Formula: see text] (OR 4.37; 95% CI 2.02 to 9.47). CONCLUSION There was a strong association between patterns of leisure time and occupational physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness within the adult working population in Germany. Women doing no leisure time physical activity were likely to have poor cardiorespiratory fitness, especially if they worked in physically demanding jobs. However, further investigation is needed to understand the relationships between activity and fitness in different domains. Current guidelines do not distinguish between activity during work and leisure time, so specifying leisure time recommendations by occupational physical activity level should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Zeiher
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institut, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maurice Duch
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institut, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Sports and Health Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Brandenburg, Germany
| | - Lars E Kroll
- Department for Health Services Research, System Analysis and Data Science, Central Research Institute of Ambulatory Health Care, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gert B M Mensink
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institut, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jonas D Finger
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institut, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Keil
- State Institute of Health, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Bad Kissingen, Bayern, Germany
- Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Korshøj M, Clays E, Krause N, Gupta N, Jørgensen MB, Holtermann A. Associations between occupational relative aerobic workload and resting blood pressure among different age groups: a cross-sectional analysis in the DPhacto study. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e029713. [PMID: 31551379 PMCID: PMC6773343 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE High levels of occupational physical activity (OPA) increase heart rate, blood pressure (BP) and the risk of hypertension. Older workers may be more vulnerable to high levels of OPA due to age-related degeneration of the cardiovascular system and cardiorespiratory fitness. This study investigates the association of relative aerobic workload (RAW) with resting BP and examines if this relation is moderated by age. DESIGN Cross-sectional epidemiological study. SETTING Data were collected among employees of 15 Danish companies in the cleaning, manufacturing and transport sectors. PARTICIPANTS 2107 employees were invited for participation, of these 1087 accepted and 562 (42% female and 4% non-Westerns) were included in the analysis based on the criteria of being non-pregnant, no allergy to bandages, sufficient amount of heart rate data corresponding to ≥4 work hours per workday or 75% of average work hours, and no missing outcome and confounder values. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome measure was BP. RESULTS Heart rate reserve was estimated from ambulatory 24-hour heart rate measures covering 2.5 workdays per participant (SD 1.0 day). Age significantly moderated the association between RAW and BP. Mean intensity and duration of high RAW (≥30% heart rate reserve) showed positive associations with diastolic BP and negative associations with pulse pressure (PP) among participants ≥47 years old. Tendencies towards negative associations between RAW and BP were seen among participants <47 years old. CONCLUSIONS Mean intensity and duration of RAW increased diastolic BP among participants ≥47 years old. Negative associations with PP may be due to healthy worker selection bias. Prevention of hypertension should consider reductions in RAW for ageing workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Korshøj
- Unit of Muscoloskeletal Disorders and Physical Workload, National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Els Clays
- Department of Public Health, Universiteit Gent, Gent, Belgium
| | - Niklas Krause
- Environmental Health Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Nidhi Gupta
- Unit of Muscoloskeletal Disorders and Physical Workload, National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Andreas Holtermann
- Unit of Muscoloskeletal Disorders and Physical Workload, National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Abstract
This study investigated the association between exercise and cardiovascular load in Korean mail carriers with high occupational physical activity (OPA). A total of 36 subjects completed a questionnaire, and their heart rates were measured for 3 consecutive days. Treadmill tests were used determine maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max). The subjects' relative heart rate (RHR) was 25.6%±4.5%, which was higher than the recommended RHR (24.5%). Daily working hours were 11.1 ± 0.9 hours, which was longer than the maximum acceptable work time (7.8 ± 1.7 hours). Multiple regression analysis showed that daily working hours were positively associated with RHR, but exercise did not show any significant association. According to the results of this study, exercise may not be of benefit to workers with high OPA, suggesting that exercise should be cautiously considered for workers with high OPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Jin Lee
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung-Kug Moon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chungwoon University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Won-Jun Choi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - Tae-Won Jang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Zafiropoulos B, Alison JA, Heard R. Physical activity levels of allied health professionals working in a large Australian metropolitan health district - an observational study. J Multidiscip Healthc 2019; 12:51-62. [PMID: 30655673 PMCID: PMC6322493 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s189513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this observational cross-sectional study was to determine if allied health professionals working in a large metropolitan health district were meeting the minimal physical activity (PA) recommendations and the proportion that occupational PA contributed to the recommended PA levels. A secondary aim was to determine possible relationships between self-report questionnaire measures of PA and PA measured by accelerometry. Materials and methods Allied health professionals, working in the Sydney Local Health District (SLHD) in 2016–2017, completed the Active Australia Survey (AAS), Occupational Sitting and Physical Activity Questionnaire (OSPAQ), International Physical Activity Questionnaire Long form (IPAQ-L), and wore the ActiGraph GT1M accelerometer for 7 days consecutively. Results Based on accelerometry results, allied health professionals (N=126) spent a mean (SD) of 51 (23) minutes in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA)/day, representing 171% of the total recommended MVPA/day, with work contributing 76% to this recommendation. Participants walked a mean of 10,077 (2,766) steps/day, meeting 100% of the recommended 10,000 steps/day, with work contributing 54% to this recommendation. Sedentary behaviors were predominant throughout the entire day and work day. Compared with the ActiGraph MVPA time measurements, AAS MVPA time showed a fair level of agreement [intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC)=0.44, P<0.01], while OSPAQ and IPAQ-L MVPA time showed no agreement (ICC=0.05, P=0.27; ICC=0.13, P=0.10, respectively). Conclusion Allied health professionals working in a large metropolitan health district met the daily PA recommendations based on accelerometry measures but tended to overreport their MVPA on self-report questionnaires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bill Zafiropoulos
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Discipline of Physiotherapy, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2141, Australia, , .,Allied Health Professorial Unit, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia, ,
| | - Jennifer A Alison
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Discipline of Physiotherapy, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2141, Australia, , .,Allied Health Professorial Unit, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia, ,
| | - Robert Heard
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Discipline of Behavioral and Social Sciences in Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2141, Australia
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Coenen P, Huysmans MA, Holtermann A, Troiano R, Mork PJ, Krokstad S, Clays E, van Mechelen W, van der Beek AJ. Can socioeconomic health differences be explained by physical activity at work and during leisure time? Rationale and protocol of the active worker individual participant meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e023379. [PMID: 30373782 PMCID: PMC6224722 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Socioeconomic health differences have often been described, but remain insufficiently understood. Recent evidence suggests that workers who are high (compared with low) physically active at work are less healthy. Moreover, workers who are highly physically active at work are predominantly physically inactive during leisure time. These observations suggest that workers with a lower socioeconomic status may be exposed to negative health consequences of occupational physical activity and may only benefit to a limited extent from health benefits of leisure-time physical activity. Physical activity may therefore be an important driver of socioeconomic health differences. We describe the rationale and protocol of the active worker study, an individual participant data meta-analysis aimed at exploring socioeconomic health differences by differential doses of physical activity at work and leisure time. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Using database and scoping searches (we searched in PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Evidence-Based Medicine Reviews from database inception to 14 September 2017), we have identified 49 published and unpublished prospective studies in which the association of occupational and leisure-time physical activity with cardiovascular or all-cause mortality was assessed. Principal investigators of these studies will be invited to participate in the active worker consortium, after which data will be retrieved. After data merging and harmonising, we will perform multilevel survival analysis assessing the combined association of occupational and leisure-time physical activity with mortality. We will also test the mediating effect of physical activity on the association of socioeconomic status and mortality (ie, socioeconomic health differences). DISCUSSION The Medical Ethical Committee of the VU University Medical Center has declared, according to Dutch legislation, that the 'Dutch Medical Research Involving Human Subjects Act' does not apply to the current study. As such, no ethics approval is required. We intent to publish outcomes of the active worker Study in scientific peer-reviewed journals. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42018085228.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Coenen
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike A Huysmans
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Holtermann
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Richard Troiano
- Risk Factor Assessment Branch, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, US National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Paul Jarle Mork
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Steinar Krokstad
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Els Clays
- Department of Public Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Willem van Mechelen
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Allard J van der Beek
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Pulakka A, Leskinen T, Koster A, Pentti J, Vahtera J, Stenholm S. Daily physical activity patterns among aging workers: the Finnish Retirement and Aging Study (FIREA). Occup Environ Med 2018; 76:33-39. [PMID: 30352811 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2018-105266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Physical activity is associated with the aging workers' ability to work and predicts working beyond retirement age. To better understand physical activity behaviour in this growing population group, we aimed at characterising 24-hour physical activity patterns among aging workers, and to describe the association between occupational category and total, occupational and leisure-time physical activities. METHODS We included 878 workers (mean age 62.4 years, SD 1.1, 85% women) from the Finnish Retirement and Aging Study, who wore an accelerometer on their non-dominant wrist for 1 week. We plotted mean hourly activity counts per minute (CPM) for working days and days off. We also compared mean daily CPM between genders and occupations between working days and days off, and work and leisure time by using repeated measures analysis of variance. RESULTS Activity patterns were different between genders, occupations and types of the day. Women (2580, 95% CI 2540 to 2620) had higher daily mean CPM than men (2110, 95% CI 2020 to 2000). Women in manual occupations were more active than women in non-manual occupations during working days. The differences among men were in the same direction but less pronounced than among women. We found no differences in activity levels between occupations during days off and leisure time on working days. CONCLUSIONS In aging workers, physical activity differs by gender and occupation during working time, but not during leisure time. As low physical activity is associated with increased risk of early exit from employment, physical activity should be promoted at workplaces, especially among men and people in non-manual occupations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pulakka
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku, and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Tuija Leskinen
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku, and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Annemarie Koster
- Department of Social Medicine, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jaana Pentti
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku, and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jussi Vahtera
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku, and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Sari Stenholm
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku, and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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Thompson JF, Severson RL, Rosecrance JC. Occupational physical activity in brewery and office workers. J Occup Environ Hyg 2018; 15:686-699. [PMID: 30188781 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2018.1492136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Active lifestyles are beneficial to health and well-being but our workplaces may not be inherently supportive of physical activity at work. With the increasing use of technology in the workplace, many jobs are becoming more sedentary. The purpose of this study was to characterize levels of occupational physical activity (OPA) among active and sedentary workers. Two types of activity trackers (Fitbit Charge HR and Hexoskin) were used to assess activity measures (steps, heart rate, and energy expenditure) among workers during one full work shift. The first objective of the study was to assess the agreement between two types of accelerometer-based activity trackers as measures of occupational physical activity. The second objective of this study was to assess differences in measures of OPA among workers in generally physically active (brewery) and sedentary (office) work environments. Occupational physical activity data were collected from 50 workers in beer-brewing tasks and 51 workers in office work tasks. The 101 subjects were from the brewing service sector, a call center, and an engineering office within a manufacturing facility. A two-factor repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to assess the two activity tracking devices while two-sample t-tests were used to compare the two worker groups. There were statistically significant differences in total steps and mean heart rate between the two devices. When comparing the two groups of workers there were statistically significant differences in measures of steps, mean heart rate, and energy expenditure. The results of the present study provide quantitative evidence that levels of OPA should be identified for different work groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janalee F Thompson
- a Colorado School of Public Health Center for Health , Work & Environment , Aurora , Colorado
- b Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Science , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado
| | - Rachel L Severson
- b Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Science , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado
| | - John C Rosecrance
- b Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Science , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado
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Smith L, Sawyer A, Gardner B, Seppala K, Ucci M, Marmot A, Lally P, Fisher A. Occupational Physical Activity Habits of UK Office Workers: Cross-Sectional Data from the Active Buildings Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2018; 15:E1214. [PMID: 29890726 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15061214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Habitual behaviours are learned responses that are triggered automatically by associated environmental cues. The unvarying nature of most workplace settings makes workplace physical activity a prime candidate for a habitual behaviour, yet the role of habit strength in occupational physical activity has not been investigated. Aims of the present study were to: (i) document occupational physical activity habit strength; and (ii) investigate associations between occupational activity habit strength and occupational physical activity levels. A sample of UK office-based workers (n = 116; 53% female, median age 40 years, SD 10.52) was fitted with activPAL accelerometers worn for 24 h on five consecutive days, providing an objective measure of occupational step counts, stepping time, sitting time, standing time and sit-to-stand transitions. A self-report index measured the automaticity of two occupational physical activities (“being active” (e.g., walking to printers and coffee machines) and “stair climbing”). Adjusted linear regression models investigated the association between occupational activity habit strength and objectively-measured occupational step counts, stepping time, sitting time, standing time and sit-to-stand transitions. Eighty-one per cent of the sample reported habits for “being active”, and 62% reported habits for “stair climbing”. In adjusted models, reported habit strength for “being active” were positively associated with average occupational sit-to-stand transitions per hour (B = 0.340, 95% CI: 0.053 to 0.627, p = 0.021). “Stair climbing” habit strength was unexpectedly negatively associated with average hourly stepping time (B = −0.01, 95% CI: −0.01 to −0.00, p = 0.006) and average hourly occupational step count (B = −38.34, 95% CI: −72.81 to −3.88, p = 0.030), which may reflect that people with stronger stair-climbing habits compensate by walking fewer steps overall. Results suggest that stair-climbing and office-based occupational activity can be habitual. Interventions might fruitfully promote habitual workplace activity, although, in light of potential compensation effects, such interventions should perhaps focus on promoting moderate-intensity activity.
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Fisher A, Ucci M, Smith L, Sawyer A, Spinney R, Konstantatou M, Marmot A. Associations between the Objectively Measured Office Environment and Workplace Step Count and Sitting Time: Cross-Sectional Analyses from the Active Buildings Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2018; 15:E1135. [PMID: 29857575 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15061135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Office-based workers spend a large proportion of the day sitting and tend to have low overall activity levels. Despite some evidence that features of the external physical environment are associated with physical activity, little is known about the influence of the spatial layout of the internal environment on movement, and the majority of data use self-report. This study investigated associations between objectively-measured sitting time and activity levels and the spatial layout of office floors in a sample of UK office-based workers. Participants wore activPAL accelerometers for at least three consecutive workdays. Primary outcomes were steps and proportion of sitting time per working hour. Primary exposures were office spatial layout, which was objectively-measured by deriving key spatial variables: ‘distance from each workstation to key office destinations’, ‘distance from participant’s workstation to all other workstations’, ‘visibility of co-workers’, and workstation ‘closeness’. 131 participants from 10 organisations were included. Fifty-four per cent were female, 81% were white, and the majority had a managerial or professional role (72%) in their organisation. The average proportion of the working hour spent sitting was 0.7 (SD 0.15); participants took on average 444 (SD 210) steps per working hour. Models adjusted for confounders revealed significant negative associations between step count and distance from each workstation to all other office destinations (e.g., B = −4.66, 95% CI: −8.12, −1.12, p < 0.01) and nearest office destinations (e.g., B = −6.45, 95% CI: −11.88, −0.41, p < 0.05) and visibility of workstations when standing (B = −2.35, 95% CI: −3.53, −1.18, p < 0.001). The magnitude of these associations was small. There were no associations between spatial variables and sitting time per work hour. Contrary to our hypothesis, the further participants were from office destinations the less they walked, suggesting that changing the relative distance between workstations and other destinations on the same floor may not be the most fruitful target for promoting walking and reducing sitting in the workplace. However, reported effect sizes were very small and based on cross-sectional analyses. The approaches developed in this study could be applied to other office buildings to establish whether a specific office typology may yield more promising results.
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Al-Zoughool M, Al-Ahmari H, Khan A. Patterns of Physical Activity and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease: A Pilot Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2018; 15:E778. [PMID: 29673214 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15040778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background: In the current study, we investigated the effect of physical activity (PA) on the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods: In total, 146 cases of CHD and 157 matched controls were included in the study. Data on sociodemographics, lifestyle, and medical history factors were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. A standard World Health Organization (WHO)-based lifestyle questionnaire was used to assess PA. The risk of CHD was analyzed in relation to PA patterns using logistic regression. Results: Vigorous-intensity leisure PA was not associated with a lower risk of CHD. Subjects in the highest tertile of moderate occupational PA had a significantly lower risk of CHD compared to the lowest tertile (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 0.31, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.17–0.56). Subjects in the highest tertile of walking hasd an adjusted OR of 0.37 (95% CI 0.20–0.70). Subjects in the medium and highest tertiles of sedentary behavior had adjusted ORs of 2.01 (95% CI 1.06–3.79) and 3.88 (95% CI 2.14–7.02), respectively (p-value for trend < 0.001). Conclusion: The current results showed that both moderate occupational PA and walking protected against CHD. Sedentary behavior increased the risk of CHD.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Activities of daily living are currently the simplest form of activity. For many people this is the only activity in which they participate. In this connection, it is important to determine the level of physical activity connected with daily habits including occupational activities. The main goal of the presented study has been to assess the level of activities of daily living in different age groups and its differentiation by season and working (WD) and non-working days (NWD). MATERIAL AND METHODS The study group (urban citizens, N = 106) was divided into young (Y) (N = 40), middle-aged (M) (N = 38), and senior (S) (N = 28) participants. The daily step number on 7 consecutive days during 4 seasons between June 2012 and 2013 was counted objectively using pedometers. The long-form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was completed each season as a subjective assessment. RESULTS The daily step number for the whole group for the year was (median) 6615 (range: 3648-10 709), fewer than recommended. The median (Me) was highest in group M (Me = 6994, range: 3648-10 709) followed by Y (Me = 6957, range: 4094-10 321) and S (Me = 5469, range: 3743-8955). The lowest daily step number occurred in winter (M = 6208, Y = 6063, S = 5242), and the highest in spring (Y = 7385) or summer (M = 7717; S = 6095). All groups had a greater daily step number on WDs compared to NWDs (Y: 8411 vs. 5744, M: 7612 vs. 5839, S: 6327 vs. 4580; p < 0.01 for all). Pedometer-tracked values did not correlate with the IPAQ results. CONCLUSIONS Activity level in Polish urban society is low, especially on NWDs and in colder months. The daily number of steps is highest in the middle-aged group, which may be connected with working status. Objective methods are recommended for assessing physical activity level. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2018;31(1):47-54.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Wesolowska
- Medical University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland (Department of Clinical Nursing).
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Ujka K, Bruno RM, Bastiani L, Bernardi E, Sdringola P, Dikic N, Basyal B, Bhandari SS, Basnyat B, Cogo A, Pratali L. Relationship Between Occupational Physical Activity and Subclinical Vascular Damage in Moderate-Altitude Dwellers. High Alt Med Biol 2017; 18:249-257. [PMID: 28876129 DOI: 10.1089/ham.2016.0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ujka, Kristian, Rosa Maria Bruno, Luca Bastiani, Eva Bernardi, Paolo Sdringola, Nenad Dikic, Bikash Basyal, Sanjeeb Sundarshan Bhandari, Buddha Basnyat, Annalisa Cogo, and Lorenza Pratali. Relationship between occupational physical activity and subclinical vascular damage in moderate-altitude dwellers. High Alt Med Biol. 18:249-257, 2017. BACKGROUND Occupational physical activity (OPA) has been associated with increased cardiovascular (CV) events. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between OPA and markers of subclinical vascular damage among a moderate-altitude population living in the rural village of Chaurikharka (Nepal; 2600 m sea level). METHODS Seventy-two individuals (age 42 ± 15 years, ranges 15-85 years, 23 men) were enrolled. Physical activity (PA) was evaluated using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV), carotid ultrasound assessment, and flow-mediated dilation (FMD) were performed. RESULTS OPA was 9860 ± 5385 Metabolic Equivalent of Task (MET)-minutes/week, representing 77% of total energy expenditure, with 97% of the population performing high-intensity PA. In the univariate analysis, OPA was significantly associated with PWV (β = 0.474, p = 0.001) and carotid stiffness (CS) (β = 0.29, p = 0.019). In the multivariate analysis, including age, sex, oxygen saturation, mean blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and OPA, OPA remained an independent predictor of PWV (β = 0.403, p = 0.001) but not of CS (β = 0.028, p = 0.8). OPA remained an independent predictor of PWV independently from the Framingham risk score (FRS). CONCLUSION High-intensity OPA shows a positive, independent association with aortic stiffness in Himalayan moderate-altitude dwellers. This study suggests how vigorous OPA performed in moderate altitude may be a CV risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Ujka
- 1 Institute of Clinical Physiology-CNR , Pisa, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Bruno
- 1 Institute of Clinical Physiology-CNR , Pisa, Italy .,2 Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa , Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Bastiani
- 1 Institute of Clinical Physiology-CNR , Pisa, Italy
| | - Eva Bernardi
- 3 Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara , Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Sdringola
- 4 Department of Engineering, University of Perugia , Perugia, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Annalisa Cogo
- 3 Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara , Ferrara, Italy
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Abstract
Work-related physical activity (PA), in terms of peak loads and sustained and/or repetitive contractions, presents risk factors for the development of muscular pain and disorders. However, PA as a training tailored to the employee's work exposure, health, and physical capacity offers prevention and rehabilitation. We suggest the concept of "Intelligent Physical Exercise Training" relying on evidence-based sports science training principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Søgaard
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
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Missikpode C, Michael YL, Wallace RB. Midlife Occupational Physical Activity and Risk of Disability Later in Life: National Health and Aging Trends Study. J Am Geriatr Soc 2016; 64:1120-7. [PMID: 27148791 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.14083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether midlife occupational physical activity (PA) is associated with disability in older adults and to test disease as a mediating variable. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING National Health and Aging Trends Study. PARTICIPANTS Individuals aged 65 and older (N = 7,307). MEASUREMENTS Participants were classified as to occupational PA levels by linking information from the Occupational Information Network database using standard occupation codes. Disability outcomes and covariates were obtained through in-person interviews. Logistic regression models were used to examine the association between occupational PA and disability. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was fitted to examine the mediating effect of disease. RESULTS Occupations with high physically demands were associated with greater decline in functional capacity later in life. Individuals with occupations with high and very high PA were less likely to be able to perform activities of daily living than those with occupations with low PA. SEM showed that occupational PA has a very strong direct effect on disability (P < .001) and has an indirect effect on disability through disease (P = .003). The population attributable fraction for high occupational PA was 11%. CONCLUSION Higher midlife occupational PA levels were significantly associated with poorer ability to perform activities of daily living in older age. Performing the optimal level of occupational PA may be instrumental in reducing disability later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celestin Missikpode
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Yvonne L Michael
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Robert B Wallace
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
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Xiao J, Wu C, Xu G, Huang J, Gao Y, Lu Q, Hua T, Cai H. Association of physical activity with risk of metabolic syndrome: findings from a cross-sectional study conducted in rural area, Nantong, China. J Sports Sci 2016; 34:1839-48. [PMID: 26853182 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2016.1140221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of metabolic syndrome increases rapidly worldwide, and its association with physical activity (PA) varies with race and lifestyles. Little is known about the association in rural China. The Nantong Metabolic Syndrome Study recruited 13,505 female and 6997 male participants in 2007 and 2008. Socio-demographic characteristics, and physiological and behavioural data were collected. Logistic regression model was applied to estimate associations of metabolic syndrome and its components with different PAs. The overall metabolic syndrome prevalence was 21.6% in current study. Increasing total PA or moderate-to-vigorous-intensity occupational PA was associated with decreasing 5%-60% risk of having metabolic syndrome and abnormal metabolic syndrome components in both genders. An association between leisure-time PA and blood pressure was found in men, but no associations between leisure-time PA and metabolic syndrome components were found in women. Commuting PA, such as walking and taking bus, by bicycle and walking only, was associated with decrease of 20%-45% risk of several abnormal metabolic syndrome components in women. This study provides information for future investigation into the nature of these associations so that recommendations can be developed to reduce the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components among rural population in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xiao
- a Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics , School of Public Health, Nantong University , Nantong , Jiangsu , P.R. China
| | - Chuanli Wu
- a Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics , School of Public Health, Nantong University , Nantong , Jiangsu , P.R. China
| | - Guangfei Xu
- a Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics , School of Public Health, Nantong University , Nantong , Jiangsu , P.R. China
| | - Jianping Huang
- b Department of Chronic Disease and Prevention , Nantong Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Nantong , Jiangsu , P.R. China
| | - Yuexia Gao
- a Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics , School of Public Health, Nantong University , Nantong , Jiangsu , P.R. China
| | - Qingyun Lu
- a Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics , School of Public Health, Nantong University , Nantong , Jiangsu , P.R. China
| | - Tianqi Hua
- a Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics , School of Public Health, Nantong University , Nantong , Jiangsu , P.R. China
| | - Hui Cai
- a Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics , School of Public Health, Nantong University , Nantong , Jiangsu , P.R. China
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Lee LJ, Symanski E, Lupo PJ, Tinker SC, Razzaghi H, Pompeii LA, Hoyt AT, Canfield MA, Chan W. Data linkage between the National Birth Defects Prevention Study and the Occupational Information Network (O*NET) to assess workplace physical activity, sedentary behaviors, and emotional stressors during pregnancy. Am J Ind Med 2016; 59:137-49. [PMID: 26681357 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knowledge of the prevalence of work-related physical activities, sedentary behaviors, and emotional stressors among pregnant women is limited, and the extent to which these exposures vary by maternal characteristics remains unclear. METHODS Data on mothers of 6,817 infants without major birth defects, with estimated delivery during 1997 through 2009 who worked during pregnancy were obtained from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study. Information on multiple domains of occupational exposures was gathered by linking mother's primary job to the Occupational Information Network Version 9.0. RESULTS The most frequent estimated physical activity associated with jobs during pregnancy was standing. Of 6,337 mothers, 31.0% reported jobs associated with standing for ≥75% of their time. There was significant variability in estimated occupational exposures by maternal age, race/ethnicity, and educational level. CONCLUSIONS Our findings augment existing literature on occupational physical activities, sedentary behaviors, emotional stressors, and occupational health disparities during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J. Lee
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health; Southwest Center for Occupational and Environmental Health; Houston Texas
| | - Elaine Symanski
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health; Southwest Center for Occupational and Environmental Health; Houston Texas
| | - Philip J. Lupo
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology; Baylor College of Medicine; Houston Texas
| | - Sarah C. Tinker
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Atlanta Georgia
| | - Hilda Razzaghi
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Atlanta Georgia
| | - Lisa A. Pompeii
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health; Southwest Center for Occupational and Environmental Health; Houston Texas
| | - Adrienne T. Hoyt
- Birth Defects Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch; Texas Department of State Health Services; Austin Texas
| | - Mark A. Canfield
- Birth Defects Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch; Texas Department of State Health Services; Austin Texas
| | - Wenyaw Chan
- Department of Biostatistics; University of Texas School of Public Health; Houston Texas
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Heavy carrying and lifting (HCL) is a common activity among farmers that may be related to health. The aim of this study was to examine HCL as a proxy for occupational physical activity (PA) among farm residents. The secondary objective was to evaluate PA based on HCL. METHODS Data from 21,296 farmers and 30,951 spouses in the Agricultural Health Study examined the relationship between HCL and farm activities and individual/farm characteristics. HCL was categorized as ≥ 1 or < 1 hours per day. The association between HCL and farm activities (15 for farmers; 16 for spouses) and individual/farm characteristics was examined using adjusted logistic regression. To evaluate PA, we created a PA activity index using metabolic equivalents for HCL, and compared PA weekly averages with national guidelines. RESULTS In adjusted results, most farm activities were significantly associated with HCL. Based on HCL, farmers had a median of 1.5 hours and spouses 0.5 hours of vigorous or muscle-strengthening PA per day. Most farmers (94%) and about 60% of spouses meet or exceed 2008 national guidelines for vigorous or muscle-strengthening PA. CONCLUSION Findings suggest the HCL measure may be useful as a PA metric in future studies of occupational PA among farm residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth F. Racine
- Assistant Professor of Public Health, Dept. of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, University City Blvd., Charlotte, NC 28223, Phone: 704-687-8979, Fax: 704-687-6122
| | - Sarah B. Laditka
- Associate Professor and Master of Health Administration Program Director, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, University City Blvd., Charlotte, NC 28223
| | - Jacek Dmochowski
- Associate Professor of Mathematics, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, University City Blvd., Charlotte, NC 28223
| | - Michael Alavanja
- Senior Investigator, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Executive Plaza South, Room 8000, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-7335
| | - Duck-chul Lee
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, 514 Main St, Columbia, SC 29208-4102
| | - Jane A. Hoppin
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
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Norman A, Moradi T, Gridley G, Dosemeci M, Rydh B, Nyrén O, Wolk A. Occupational physical activity and risk for prostate cancer in a nationwide cohort study in Sweden. Br J Cancer 2002; 86:70-5. [PMID: 11857014 PMCID: PMC2746533 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6600023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2001] [Revised: 10/25/2001] [Accepted: 10/25/2001] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated effects of occupational physical activity on relative risk for prostate cancer. From Swedish nationwide censuses in 1960 and 1970, we defined two cohorts of men whose occupational titles allowed classification of physical activity levels at work in 1960 (n=1,348,971) and in 1970 (n=1,377,629). A third cohort included only men whose jobs required a similar level of physical activity in both 1960 and 1970 (n=673,443). The incidence of prostate cancer between 1971 and 1989 was ascertained through record linkage to the Swedish Cancer Register. A total of 43,836, 28,702, and 19,670 prostate cancers, respectively, occurred in the three cohorts. In all three cohorts, the relative risk for prostate cancer increased with decreasing level of occupational physical activity (P<0.001), using Poisson regression. Among men with the same physical activity levels in 1960 and 1970, the rate ratio was 1.11 for men with sedentary jobs as compared with those whose jobs had very high/high activity levels after adjustment for age at follow-up, calendar year of follow-up and place of residence (95% CI 1.05-1.17; P for trend <0.001). There was no association between occupational activity and prostate cancer mortality. Since we had no data on other potential risk factors the observed associations for both incidence and mortality might have been confounded. Further studies are needed to better understand the potential role of physical activity for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Norman
- Department of Medical Epidemiology, Karolinska Institutet, P.O.B. 281, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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