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Masood S, Kim HYH, Pennington ER, Tallman KA, Porter NA, Bromberg PA, Rice RL, Gold A, Zhang Z, Samet JM. GAPDH inhibition mediated by thiol oxidation in human airway epithelial cells exposed to an environmental peroxide. Redox Biol 2024; 73:103199. [PMID: 38810423 PMCID: PMC11167385 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Intracellular redox homeostasis in the airway epithelium is closely regulated through adaptive signaling and metabolic pathways. However, inhalational exposure to xenobiotic stressors such as secondary organic aerosols (SOA) can alter intracellular redox homeostasis. Isoprene hydroxy hydroperoxide (ISOPOOH), a ubiquitous volatile organic compound derived from the atmospheric photooxidation of biogenic isoprene, is a major contributor to SOA. We have previously demonstrated that exposure of human airway epithelial cells (HAEC) to ISOPOOH induces oxidative stress through multiple mechanisms including lipid peroxidation, glutathione oxidation, and alterations of glycolytic metabolism. Using dimedone-based reagents and copper catalyzed azo-alkynyl cycloaddition to tag intracellular protein thiol oxidation, we demonstrate that exposure of HAEC to micromolar levels of ISOPOOH induces reversible oxidation of cysteinyl thiols in multiple intracellular proteins, including GAPDH, that was accompanied by a dose-dependent loss of GAPDH enzymatic activity. These results demonstrate that ISOPOOH induces an oxidative modification of intracellular proteins that results in loss of GAPDH activity, which ultimately impacts the dynamic regulation of the intracellular redox homeostatic landscape in HAEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Masood
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Hye-Young H Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Edward R Pennington
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, USA; Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Keri A Tallman
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ned A Porter
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Philip A Bromberg
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rebecca L Rice
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Avram Gold
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Zhenfa Zhang
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - James M Samet
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Abzhanova A, Berntsen J, Pennington ER, Dailey L, Masood S, George I, Warren N, Martin J, Hays MD, Ghio AJ, Weinstein JP, Kim YH, Puckett E, Samet JM. Monitoring redox stress in human airway epithelial cells exposed to woodsmoke at an air-liquid interface. Part Fibre Toxicol 2024; 21:14. [PMID: 38459567 PMCID: PMC10921608 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-024-00575-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Wildland fires contribute significantly to the ambient air pollution burden worldwide, causing a range of adverse health effects in exposed populations. The toxicity of woodsmoke, a complex mixture of gases, volatile organic compounds, and particulate matter, is commonly studied in vitro using isolated exposures of conventionally cultured lung cells to either resuspended particulate matter or organic solvent extracts of smoke, leading to incomplete toxicity evaluations. This study aimed to improve our understanding of the effects of woodsmoke inhalation by building an advanced in vitro exposure system that emulates human exposure of the airway epithelium. We report the development and characterization of an innovative system that permits live-cell monitoring of the intracellular redox status of differentiated primary human bronchial epithelial cells cultured at an air-liquid interface (pHBEC-ALI) as they are exposed to unfractionated woodsmoke generated in a tube furnace in real time. pHBEC-ALI exposed to freshly generated woodsmoke showed oxidative changes that were dose-dependent and reversible, and not attributable to carbon monoxide exposure. These findings show the utility of this novel system for studying the molecular initiating events underlying woodsmoke-induced toxicity in a physiologically relevant in vitro model, and its potential to provide biological plausibility for risk assessment and public health measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiman Abzhanova
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Lisa Dailey
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, EPA Human Studies Facility, Research Triangle Park, 104 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7310, USA
| | - Syed Masood
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ingrid George
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, EPA Human Studies Facility, Research Triangle Park, 104 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7310, USA
| | - Nina Warren
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, EPA Human Studies Facility, Research Triangle Park, 104 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7310, USA
| | - Joseph Martin
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, EPA Human Studies Facility, Research Triangle Park, 104 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7310, USA
| | - Michael D Hays
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, EPA Human Studies Facility, Research Triangle Park, 104 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7310, USA
| | - Andrew J Ghio
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, EPA Human Studies Facility, Research Triangle Park, 104 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7310, USA
| | - Jason P Weinstein
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, EPA Human Studies Facility, Research Triangle Park, 104 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7310, USA
| | - Yong Ho Kim
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, EPA Human Studies Facility, Research Triangle Park, 104 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7310, USA
| | - Earl Puckett
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, EPA Human Studies Facility, Research Triangle Park, 104 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7310, USA
| | - James M Samet
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, EPA Human Studies Facility, Research Triangle Park, 104 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7310, USA.
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Pennington ER, Masood S, Simmons SO, Dailey L, Bromberg PA, Rice RL, Gold A, Zhang Z, Wu W, Yang Y, Samet JM. Real-time redox adaptations in human airway epithelial cells exposed to isoprene hydroxy hydroperoxide. Redox Biol 2023; 61:102646. [PMID: 36867944 PMCID: PMC10011437 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
While redox processes play a vital role in maintaining intracellular homeostasis by regulating critical signaling and metabolic pathways, supra-physiological or sustained oxidative stress can lead to adverse responses or cytotoxicity. Inhalation of ambient air pollutants such as particulate matter and secondary organic aerosols (SOA) induces oxidative stress in the respiratory tract through mechanisms that remain poorly understood. We investigated the effect of isoprene hydroxy hydroperoxide (ISOPOOH), an atmospheric oxidation product of vegetation-derived isoprene and a constituent of SOA, on intracellular redox homeostasis in cultured human airway epithelial cells (HAEC). We used high-resolution live cell imaging of HAEC expressing the genetically encoded ratiometric biosensors Grx1-roGFP2, iNAP1, or HyPer, to assess changes in the cytoplasmic ratio of oxidized glutathione to reduced glutathione (GSSG:GSH), and the flux of NADPH and H2O2, respectively. Non-cytotoxic exposure to ISOPOOH resulted in a dose-dependent increase of GSSG:GSH in HAEC that was markedly potentiated by prior glucose deprivation. ISOPOOH-induced increase in glutathione oxidation were accompanied by concomitant decreases in intracellular NADPH. Following ISOPOOH exposure, the introduction of glucose resulted in a rapid restoration of GSH and NADPH, while the glucose analog 2-deoxyglucose resulted in inefficient restoration of baseline GSH and NADPH. To elucidate bioenergetic adaptations involved in combatting ISOPOOH-induced oxidative stress we investigated the regulatory role of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). A knockout of G6PD markedly impaired glucose-mediated recovery of GSSG:GSH but not NADPH. These findings reveal rapid redox adaptations involved in the cellular response to ISOPOOH and provide a live view of the dynamic regulation of redox homeostasis in human airway cells as they are exposed to environmental oxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Syed Masood
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Steven O Simmons
- National Center for Computational Toxicology, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Lisa Dailey
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Philip A Bromberg
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rebecca L Rice
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Avram Gold
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Zhenfa Zhang
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Weidong Wu
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - James M Samet
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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4
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Masood S, Pennington ER, Simmons SO, Bromberg PA, Shaikh SR, Rice RL, Gold A, Zhang Z, Samet JM. Live cell imaging of oxidative stress in human airway epithelial cells exposed to isoprene hydroxyhydroperoxide. Redox Biol 2022; 51:102281. [PMID: 35306372 PMCID: PMC8933716 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to respirable air particulate matter (PM2.5) in ambient air is associated with morbidity and premature deaths. A major source of PM2.5 is the photooxidation of volatile plant-produced organic compounds such as isoprene. Photochemical oxidation of isoprene leads to the formation of hydroperoxides, environmental oxidants that lead to inflammatory (IL-8) and adaptive (HMOX1) gene expression in human airway epithelial cells (HAEC). To examine the mechanism through which these oxidants alter intracellular redox balance, we used live-cell imaging to monitor the effects of isoprene hydroxyhydroperoxides (ISOPOOH) in HAEC expressing roGFP2, a sensor of the glutathione redox potential (EGSH). Non-cytotoxic exposure of HAEC to ISOPOOH resulted in a rapid and robust increase in EGSH that was independent of the generation of intracellular or extracellular hydrogen peroxide. Our results point to oxidation of GSH through the redox relay initiated by glutathione peroxidase 4, directly by ISOPOOH or indirectly by ISOPOOH-generated lipid hydroperoxides. We did not find evidence for involvement of peroxiredoxin 6. Supplementation of HAEC with polyunsaturated fatty acids enhanced ISOPOOH-induced glutathione oxidation, providing additional evidence that ISOPOOH initiates lipid peroxidation of cellular membranes. These findings demonstrate that ISOPOOH is a potent environmental airborne hydroperoxide with the potential to contribute to oxidative burden of human airway posed by inhalation of secondary organic aerosols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Masood
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Steven O Simmons
- National Center for Computational Toxicology, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Philip A Bromberg
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Saame R Shaikh
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rebecca L Rice
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Avram Gold
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Zhenfa Zhang
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - James M Samet
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Van Loenhout J, Freire Boullosa L, Quatannens D, De Waele J, Merlin C, Lambrechts H, Lau HW, Hermans C, Lin A, Lardon F, Peeters M, Bogaerts A, Smits E, Deben C. Auranofin and Cold Atmospheric Plasma Synergize to Trigger Distinct Cell Death Mechanisms and Immunogenic Responses in Glioblastoma. Cells 2021; 10:2936. [PMID: 34831159 PMCID: PMC8616410 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting the redox balance of malignant cells via the delivery of high oxidative stress unlocks a potential therapeutic strategy against glioblastoma (GBM). We investigated a novel reactive oxygen species (ROS)-inducing combination treatment strategy, by increasing exogenous ROS via cold atmospheric plasma and inhibiting the endogenous protective antioxidant system via auranofin (AF), a thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR) inhibitor. The sequential combination treatment of AF and cold atmospheric plasma-treated PBS (pPBS), or AF and direct plasma application, resulted in a synergistic response in 2D and 3D GBM cell cultures, respectively. Differences in the baseline protein levels related to the antioxidant systems explained the cell-line-dependent sensitivity towards the combination treatment. The highest decrease of TrxR activity and GSH levels was observed after combination treatment of AF and pPBS when compared to AF and pPBS monotherapies. This combination also led to the highest accumulation of intracellular ROS. We confirmed a ROS-mediated response to the combination of AF and pPBS, which was able to induce distinct cell death mechanisms. On the one hand, an increase in caspase-3/7 activity, with an increase in the proportion of annexin V positive cells, indicates the induction of apoptosis in the GBM cells. On the other hand, lipid peroxidation and inhibition of cell death through an iron chelator suggest the involvement of ferroptosis in the GBM cell lines. Both cell death mechanisms induced by the combination of AF and pPBS resulted in a significant increase in danger signals (ecto-calreticulin, ATP and HMGB1) and dendritic cell maturation, indicating a potential increase in immunogenicity, although the phagocytotic capacity of dendritic cells was inhibited by AF. In vivo, sequential combination treatment of AF and cold atmospheric plasma both reduced tumor growth kinetics and prolonged survival in GBM-bearing mice. Thus, our study provides a novel therapeutic strategy for GBM to enhance the efficacy of oxidative stress-inducing therapy through a combination of AF and cold atmospheric plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinthe Van Loenhout
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (J.V.L.); (L.F.B.); (D.Q.); (J.D.W.); (C.M.); (H.L.); (H.W.L.); (C.H.); (A.L.); (F.L.); (M.P.); (E.S.)
| | - Laurie Freire Boullosa
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (J.V.L.); (L.F.B.); (D.Q.); (J.D.W.); (C.M.); (H.L.); (H.W.L.); (C.H.); (A.L.); (F.L.); (M.P.); (E.S.)
| | - Delphine Quatannens
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (J.V.L.); (L.F.B.); (D.Q.); (J.D.W.); (C.M.); (H.L.); (H.W.L.); (C.H.); (A.L.); (F.L.); (M.P.); (E.S.)
| | - Jorrit De Waele
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (J.V.L.); (L.F.B.); (D.Q.); (J.D.W.); (C.M.); (H.L.); (H.W.L.); (C.H.); (A.L.); (F.L.); (M.P.); (E.S.)
| | - Céline Merlin
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (J.V.L.); (L.F.B.); (D.Q.); (J.D.W.); (C.M.); (H.L.); (H.W.L.); (C.H.); (A.L.); (F.L.); (M.P.); (E.S.)
| | - Hilde Lambrechts
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (J.V.L.); (L.F.B.); (D.Q.); (J.D.W.); (C.M.); (H.L.); (H.W.L.); (C.H.); (A.L.); (F.L.); (M.P.); (E.S.)
| | - Ho Wa Lau
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (J.V.L.); (L.F.B.); (D.Q.); (J.D.W.); (C.M.); (H.L.); (H.W.L.); (C.H.); (A.L.); (F.L.); (M.P.); (E.S.)
| | - Christophe Hermans
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (J.V.L.); (L.F.B.); (D.Q.); (J.D.W.); (C.M.); (H.L.); (H.W.L.); (C.H.); (A.L.); (F.L.); (M.P.); (E.S.)
| | - Abraham Lin
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (J.V.L.); (L.F.B.); (D.Q.); (J.D.W.); (C.M.); (H.L.); (H.W.L.); (C.H.); (A.L.); (F.L.); (M.P.); (E.S.)
- Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine ANTwerp (PLASMANT), University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium;
| | - Filip Lardon
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (J.V.L.); (L.F.B.); (D.Q.); (J.D.W.); (C.M.); (H.L.); (H.W.L.); (C.H.); (A.L.); (F.L.); (M.P.); (E.S.)
| | - Marc Peeters
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (J.V.L.); (L.F.B.); (D.Q.); (J.D.W.); (C.M.); (H.L.); (H.W.L.); (C.H.); (A.L.); (F.L.); (M.P.); (E.S.)
- Department of Oncology, Multidisciplinary Oncological Center Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Annemie Bogaerts
- Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine ANTwerp (PLASMANT), University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium;
| | - Evelien Smits
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (J.V.L.); (L.F.B.); (D.Q.); (J.D.W.); (C.M.); (H.L.); (H.W.L.); (C.H.); (A.L.); (F.L.); (M.P.); (E.S.)
| | - Christophe Deben
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (J.V.L.); (L.F.B.); (D.Q.); (J.D.W.); (C.M.); (H.L.); (H.W.L.); (C.H.); (A.L.); (F.L.); (M.P.); (E.S.)
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Faber SC, McNabb NA, Ariel P, Aungst ER, McCullough SD. Exposure Effects Beyond the Epithelial Barrier: Transepithelial Induction of Oxidative Stress by Diesel Exhaust Particulates in Lung Fibroblasts in an Organotypic Human Airway Model. Toxicol Sci 2021; 177:140-155. [PMID: 32525552 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfaa085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro bronchial epithelial monoculture models have been pivotal in defining the adverse effects of inhaled toxicant exposures; however, they are only representative of one cellular compartment and may not accurately reflect the effects of exposures on other cell types. Lung fibroblasts exist immediately beneath the bronchial epithelial barrier and play a central role in lung structure and function, as well as disease development and progression. We tested the hypothesis that in vitro exposure of a human bronchial epithelial cell barrier to the model oxidant diesel exhaust particulates caused transepithelial oxidative stress in the underlying lung fibroblasts using a human bronchial epithelial cell and lung fibroblast coculture model. We observed that diesel exhaust particulates caused transepithelial oxidative stress in underlying lung fibroblasts as indicated by intracellular accumulation of the reactive oxygen species hydrogen peroxide, oxidation of the cellular antioxidant glutathione, activation of NRF2, and induction of oxidative stress-responsive genes. Further, targeted antioxidant treatment of lung fibroblasts partially mitigated the oxidative stress response gene expression in adjacent human bronchial epithelial cells during diesel exhaust particulate exposure. This indicates that exposure-induced oxidative stress in the airway extends beyond the bronchial epithelial barrier and that lung fibroblasts are both a target and a mediator of the adverse effects of inhaled chemical exposures despite being separated from the inhaled material by an epithelial barrier. These findings illustrate the value of coculture models and suggest that transepithelial exposure effects should be considered in inhalation toxicology research and testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha C Faber
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Nicole A McNabb
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Pablo Ariel
- Microscopy Services Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Emily R Aungst
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Shaun D McCullough
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
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7
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Paduch R, Urbanik-Sypniewska T, Kutkowska J, Chorągiewicz T, Matysik-Woźniak A, Zweifel S, Czarnek-Chudzik A, Załuska W, Rejdak R, Toro MD. Ozone-Based Eye Drops Activity on Ocular Epithelial Cells and Potential Pathogens Infecting the Front of the Eye. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060968. [PMID: 34208703 PMCID: PMC8235398 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Confirmation of the biological effectiveness of new ophthalmic preparations introduced in the market is an important element in maintaining the safety of using this type of medications. This study aimed to investigate the activity of Ozodrop® on human corneal and conjunctival epithelial cells, as well as its antibacterial and antifungal activity. Cytotoxicity analyses of ocular surface epithelial cells were performed in vitro by MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide) and Neutral Red uptake assays. The level of nitric oxide released by the cells was assessed by the Griess method. The reduction of the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical by the tested formulation was analyzed. Microbiological tests were also performed. It was found that the Ozodrop® preparation exhibited biological activity, but was less active than the reference antibiotics and the anti-yeast agent. The cytotoxic activity of the Ozodrop® formulation was dependent on the time of cell exposure to it. No toxic effect was observed in the short-term, for up to 3 h. It appeared after 24 h of exposure of the cells to the preparation. The drops showed antioxidant activity in the specified concentration range. They also stimulated the release of nitric oxide, mainly by corneal epithelial cells. The Ozodrop® formulation exhibits biological activity that can be considered useful in the treatment of infections in the front part of the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Paduch
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
- Department of General and Pediatric Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, Chmielna 1, 20-079 Lublin, Poland; (T.C.); (A.M.-W.); (R.R.); (M.D.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-81-5375940
| | - Teresa Urbanik-Sypniewska
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (T.U.-S.); (J.K.)
| | - Jolanta Kutkowska
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (T.U.-S.); (J.K.)
| | - Tomasz Chorągiewicz
- Department of General and Pediatric Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, Chmielna 1, 20-079 Lublin, Poland; (T.C.); (A.M.-W.); (R.R.); (M.D.T.)
| | - Anna Matysik-Woźniak
- Department of General and Pediatric Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, Chmielna 1, 20-079 Lublin, Poland; (T.C.); (A.M.-W.); (R.R.); (M.D.T.)
| | - Sandrine Zweifel
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Aleksandra Czarnek-Chudzik
- Department of Diagnostic and Microsurgery of Glaucoma, Medical University of Lublin, Chmielna 1, 20-079 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Wojciech Załuska
- Department of Nephrology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Robert Rejdak
- Department of General and Pediatric Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, Chmielna 1, 20-079 Lublin, Poland; (T.C.); (A.M.-W.); (R.R.); (M.D.T.)
| | - Mario Damiano Toro
- Department of General and Pediatric Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, Chmielna 1, 20-079 Lublin, Poland; (T.C.); (A.M.-W.); (R.R.); (M.D.T.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland;
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Corteselli EM, Gold A, Surratt J, Cui T, Bromberg P, Dailey L, Samet JM. Supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids potentiates oxidative stress in human airway epithelial cells exposed to ozone. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 187:109627. [PMID: 32417507 PMCID: PMC9131300 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary intake of the omega-3 family of polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 FA) is associated with anti-inflammatory effects. However, unsaturated fatty acids are susceptible to oxidation, which produces pro-inflammatory mediators. Ozone (O3) is a tropospheric pollutant that reacts rapidly with unsaturated fatty acids to produce electrophilic and oxidative mediators of inflammation. OBJECTIVE Determine whether supplementation with ω-3 FA alters O3-induced oxidative stress in human airway epithelial cells (HAEC). METHODS 16-HBE cells expressing a genetically encoded sensor of the reduced to oxidized glutathione ratio (GSH/GSSG, EGSH) were supplemented with saturated, monounsaturated, or ω-3 FA prior to exposure to 0, 0.08, 0.1, or 0.3 ppm O3. Lipid peroxidation was measured in cellular lipid extracts and intact cells following O3 exposure. RESULTS Relative to cells incubated with the saturated or monounsaturated fatty acids, cells supplemented with ω-3 FA containing 5 or 6 double bonds showed a marked increase in EGSH during exposure to O3 concentrations as low as 0.08 ppm. Consistent with this finding, the concentration of lipid hydroperoxides produced following O3 exposure was significantly elevated in ω-3 FA supplemented cells. DISCUSSION Supplementation with polyunsaturated ω-3 FA potentiates oxidative responses, as indicated by EGSH, in HAEC exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of O3. This effect is mediated by the increased formation of lipid hydroperoxides produced by the reaction of O3 with polyunsaturated fatty acids. Given the inflammatory activity of lipid hydroperoxides, these findings have implications for the potential role of ω-3 FA in increasing human susceptibility to the adverse health effects of O3 exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Corteselli
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Avram Gold
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jason Surratt
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Tianqu Cui
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Philip Bromberg
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lisa Dailey
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - James M Samet
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Corteselli EM, Gibbs-Flournoy E, Simmons SO, Bromberg P, Gold A, Samet JM. Long chain lipid hydroperoxides increase the glutathione redox potential through glutathione peroxidase 4. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2019; 1863:950-959. [PMID: 30844486 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peroxidation of PUFAs by a variety of endogenous and xenobiotic electrophiles is a recognized pathophysiological process that can lead to adverse health effects. Although secondary products generated from peroxidized PUFAs have been relatively well studied, the role of primary lipid hydroperoxides in mediating early intracellular oxidative events is not well understood. METHODS Live cell imaging was used to monitor changes in glutathione (GSH) oxidation in HAEC expressing the fluorogenic sensor roGFP during exposure to 9-hydroperoxy-10E,12Z-octadecadienoic acid (9-HpODE), a biologically important long chain lipid hydroperoxide, and its secondary product 9-hydroxy-10E,12Z-octadecadienoic acid (9-HODE). The role of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was examined by direct measurement and through catalase interventions. shRNA-mediated knockdown of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4) was utilized to determine its involvement in the relay through which 9-HpODE initiates the oxidation of GSH. RESULTS Exposure to 9-HpODE caused a dose-dependent increase in GSH oxidation in HAEC that was independent of intracellular or extracellular H2O2 production and was exacerbated by NADPH depletion. GPx4 was involved in the initiation of GSH oxidation in HAEC by 9-HpODE, but not that induced by exposure to H2O2 or the low molecular weight alkyl tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBH). CONCLUSIONS Long chain lipid hydroperoxides can directly alter cytosolic EGSH independent of secondary lipid oxidation products or H2O2 production. NADPH has a protective role against 9-HpODE induced EGSH changes. GPx4 is involved specifically in the reduction of long-chain lipid hydroperoxides, leading to GSH oxidation. SIGNIFICANCE These results reveal a previously unrecognized consequence of lipid peroxidation, which may provide insight into disease states involving lipid peroxidation in their pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Corteselli
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Steven O Simmons
- National Center for Computational Toxicology, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Philip Bromberg
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Avram Gold
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - James M Samet
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Faber SC, McCullough SD. Through the Looking Glass: In Vitro Models for Inhalation Toxicology and Interindividual Variability in the Airway. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 4:115-128. [PMID: 31380467 DOI: 10.1089/aivt.2018.0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
With 7 million deaths reported annually from air pollution alone, it is evident that adverse effects of inhaled toxicant exposures remain a major public health concern in the 21st century. Assessment and characterization of the impacts of air pollutants on human health stems from epidemiological and clinical studies, which have linked both outdoor and indoor air contaminant exposure to adverse pulmonary and cardiovascular health outcomes. Studies in animal models support epidemiological findings and have been critical in identifying systemic effects of environmental chemicals on cognitive abilities, liver disease, and metabolic dysfunction following inhalation exposure. Likewise, traditional monoculture systems have aided in identifying biomarkers of susceptibility to inhaled toxicants and served as a screening platform for safety assessment of pulmonary toxicants. Despite their contributions, in vivo and classic in vitro models have not been able to accurately represent the heterogeneity of the human population and account for interindividual variability in response to inhaled toxicants and susceptibility to the adverse health effects. Development of new technologies that can investigate genetic predisposition, are cost and time efficient, and are ethically sound, will enhance elucidation of mechanisms of inhalation toxicity, and aid in the development of novel pharmaceuticals and/or safety evaluation. This review will describe the classic and novel cell-based inhalation toxicity models and how these emerging technologies can be incorporated into regulatory or nonregulatory testing to address interindividual variability and improve overall human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha C Faber
- Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Shaun D McCullough
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
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11
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Corteselli EM, Samet JM, Gibbs-Flournoy EA. Imaging Approaches to Assessments of Toxicological Oxidative Stress Using Genetically-encoded Fluorogenic Sensors. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 29443110 DOI: 10.3791/56945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
While oxidative stress is a commonly cited toxicological mechanism, conventional methods to study it suffer from a number of shortcomings, including destruction of the sample, introduction of potential artifacts, and a lack of specificity for the reactive species involved. Thus, there is a current need in the field of toxicology for non-destructive, sensitive, and specific methods that can be used to observe and quantify intracellular redox perturbations, more commonly referred to as oxidative stress. Here, we present a method for the use of two genetically-encoded fluorogenic sensors, roGFP2 and HyPer, to be used in live-cell imaging studies to observe xenobiotic-induced oxidative responses. roGFP2 equilibrates with the glutathione redox potential (EGSH), while HyPer directly detects hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Both sensors can be expressed into various cell types via transfection or transduction, and can be targeted to specific cellular compartments. Most importantly, live-cell microscopy using these sensors offers high spatial and temporal resolution that is not possible using conventional methods. Changes in the fluorescence intensity monitored at 510 nm serves as the readout for both genetically-encoded fluorogenic sensors when sequentially excited by 404 nm and 488 nm light. This property makes both sensors ratiometric, eliminating common microscopy artifacts and correcting for differences in sensor expression between cells. This methodology can be applied across a variety of fluorometric platforms capable of exciting and collecting emissions at the prescribed wavelengths, making it suitable for use with confocal imaging systems, conventional wide-field microscopy, and plate readers. Both genetically-encoded fluorogenic sensors have been used in a variety of cell types and toxicological studies to monitor cellular EGSH and H2O2 generation in real-time. Outlined here is a standardized method that is widely adaptable across cell types and fluorometric platforms for the application of roGFP2 and HyPer in live-cell toxicological assessments of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Corteselli
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - James M Samet
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency;
| | - Eugene A Gibbs-Flournoy
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education
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12
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Lavrich KS, Corteselli EM, Wages PA, Bromberg PA, Simmons SO, Gibbs-Flournoy EA, Samet JM. Investigating mitochondrial dysfunction in human lung cells exposed to redox-active PM components. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 342:99-107. [PMID: 29407367 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) causes cardiopulmonary morbidity and mortality through mechanisms that involve oxidative stress. 1,2-naphthoquinone (1,2-NQ) is a ubiquitous component of PM and a potent redox-active electrophile. We previously reported that 1,2-NQ increases mitochondrial H2O2 production through an unidentified mechanism. We sought to characterize the effects of 1,2-NQ exposure on mitochondrial respiration as a source of H2O2 in human airway epithelial cells. We measured the effects of acute exposure to 1,2-NQ on oxygen consumption rate (OCR) in the human bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS-2B and mitochondrial preparations using extracellular flux analysis. Complex-specific assays and NADPH depletion by glucose deprivation distinguished between mitochondrial and non-mitochondrial oxygen utilization. 1,2-NQ exposure of BEAS cells caused a rapid, marked dose-dependent increase in OCR that was independent of mitochondrial respiration, exceeded the OCR observed after mitochondrial uncoupling, and remained sensitive to NADPH depletion, implicating extra-mitochondrial redox cycling processes. Similar effects were observed with the environmentally relevant redox-cycling quinones 1,4-naphthoquinone and 9,10-phenanthrenequinone, but not with quinones that do not redox cycle, such as 1,4-benzoquinone. In mitochondrial preparations, 1,2-NQ caused a decrease in Complex I-linked substrate oxidation, suggesting impairment of pyruvate utilization or transport, a novel mechanism of mitochondrial inhibition by an environmental exposure. This study also highlights the methodological utility and challenges in the use of extracellular flux analysis to elucidate the mechanisms of action of redox-active electrophiles present in ambient air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn S Lavrich
- Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Elizabeth M Corteselli
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Phillip A Wages
- Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Philip A Bromberg
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Steven O Simmons
- National Center for Computational Toxicology, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
| | | | - James M Samet
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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Spann K, Snape N, Baturcam E, Fantino E. The Impact of Early-Life Exposure to Air-borne Environmental Insults on the Function of the Airway Epithelium in Asthma. Ann Glob Health 2018; 82:28-40. [PMID: 27325066 DOI: 10.1016/j.aogh.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The airway epithelium is both a physical barrier protecting the airways from environmental insults and a significant component of the innate immune response. There is growing evidence that exposure of the airway epithelium to environmental insults in early life may lead to permanent changes in structure and function that underlie the development of asthma. Here we review the current published evidence concerning the link between asthma and epithelial damage within the airways and identify gaps in knowledge for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Spann
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Natale Snape
- Children's Health Research Centre, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Engin Baturcam
- Children's Health Research Centre, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Emmanuelle Fantino
- Children's Health Research Centre, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
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Esposito S, Masala A, Sanna S, Rassu M, Pimxayvong V, Iaccarino C, Crosio C. Redox-sensitive GFP to monitor oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases. Rev Neurosci 2018; 28:133-144. [PMID: 28030361 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2016-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Redox processes are key events in the degenerative cascade of many adult-onset neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), but the biological relevance of a single redox change is often dependent on the redox couple involved and on its subcellular origin. The biosensors based on engineered fluorescent proteins (redox-sensitive GFP [roGFP]) offer a unique opportunity to monitor redox changes in both physiological and pathological contexts in living animals and plants. Here, we review the use of roGFPs to monitor oxidative stress in different three adult-onset NDs: Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Despite the many differences spanning from incidence to onset, the hypotheses on biological processes underlying both sporadic and familiar ND forms in humans outline a model in which noncompeting mechanisms are likely to converge in various unsuccessful patterns to mediate the selective degeneration of a specific neuronal population. roGFPs, targeted to different cell compartments, are successfully used as specific markers of cell toxicity, induced by expression of causative genes linked to a determined ND. We also report the use of roGFP to monitor oxidative stress induced by the expression of the ALS-causative gene SOD1.
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15
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Yang K, Wang M, Zhao Y, Sun X, Yang Y, Li X, Zhou A, Chu H, Zhou H, Xu J, Wu M, Yang J, Yi J. A redox mechanism underlying nucleolar stress sensing by nucleophosmin. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13599. [PMID: 27886181 PMCID: PMC5133708 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleolus has been recently described as a stress sensor. The nucleoplasmic translocation of nucleolar protein nucleophosmin (NPM1) is a hallmark of nucleolar stress; however, the causes of this translocation and its connection to p53 activation are unclear. Using single live-cell imaging and the redox biosensors, we demonstrate that nucleolar oxidation is a general response to various cellular stresses. During nucleolar oxidation, NPM1 undergoes S-glutathionylation on cysteine 275, which triggers the dissociation of NPM1 from nucleolar nucleic acids. The C275S mutant NPM1, unable to be glutathionylated, remains in the nucleolus under nucleolar stress. Compared with wild-type NPM1 that can disrupt the p53–HDM2 interaction, the C275S mutant greatly compromises the activation of p53, highlighting that nucleoplasmic translocation of NPM1 is a prerequisite for stress-induced activation of p53. This study elucidates a redox mechanism for the nucleolar stress sensing and may help the development of therapeutic strategies. Nucleoplasmic translocation of NPM1 is integral to nucleolar stress sensing. Here, the authors show that nucleolar oxidation is a general cellular stress response, and that oxidation-related glutathionylation of NPM1 triggers its translocation and facilitates p53 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yuzheng Zhao
- Synthetic Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xuxu Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Synthetic Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xie Li
- Synthetic Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Aiwu Zhou
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Huilin Chu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Hu Zhou
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Zhang Jiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jianrong Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Mian Wu
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jing Yi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
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16
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Wages PA, Cheng WY, Gibbs-Flournoy E, Samet JM. Live-cell imaging approaches for the investigation of xenobiotic-induced oxidant stress. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:2802-15. [PMID: 27208426 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidant stress is arguably a universal feature in toxicology. Research studies on the role of oxidant stress induced by xenobiotic exposures have typically relied on the identification of damaged biomolecules using a variety of conventional biochemical and molecular techniques. However, there is increasing evidence that low-level exposure to a variety of toxicants dysregulates cellular physiology by interfering with redox-dependent processes. SCOPE OF REVIEW The study of events involved in redox toxicology requires methodology capable of detecting transient modifications at relatively low signal strength. This article reviews the advantages of live-cell imaging for redox toxicology studies. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Toxicological studies with xenobiotics of supra-physiological reactivity require careful consideration when using fluorogenic sensors in order to avoid potential artifacts and false negatives. Fortunately, experiments conducted for the purpose of validating the use of these sensors in toxicological applications often yield unexpected insights into the mechanisms through which xenobiotic exposure induces oxidant stress. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Live-cell imaging using a new generation of small molecule and genetically encoded fluorophores with excellent sensitivity and specificity affords unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution that is optimal for redox toxicology studies. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Air Pollution, edited by Wenjun Ding, Andrew J. Ghio and Weidong Wu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip A Wages
- Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Wan-Yun Cheng
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, USA; Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Eugene Gibbs-Flournoy
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, USA; Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - James M Samet
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
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Schwarzländer M, Dick TP, Meyer AJ, Morgan B. Dissecting Redox Biology Using Fluorescent Protein Sensors. Antioxid Redox Signal 2016; 24:680-712. [PMID: 25867539 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2015.6266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Fluorescent protein sensors have revitalized the field of redox biology by revolutionizing the study of redox processes in living cells and organisms. RECENT ADVANCES Within one decade, a set of fundamental new insights has been gained, driven by the rapid technical development of in vivo redox sensing. Redox-sensitive yellow and green fluorescent protein variants (rxYFP and roGFPs) have been the central players. CRITICAL ISSUES Although widely used as an established standard tool, important questions remain surrounding their meaningful use in vivo. We review the growing range of thiol redox sensor variants and their application in different cells, tissues, and organisms. We highlight five key findings where in vivo sensing has been instrumental in changing our understanding of redox biology, critically assess the interpretation of in vivo redox data, and discuss technical and biological limitations of current redox sensors and sensing approaches. FUTURE DIRECTIONS We explore how novel sensor variants may further add to the current momentum toward a novel mechanistic and integrated understanding of redox biology in vivo. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 24, 680-712.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Schwarzländer
- 1 Plant Energy Biology Lab, Department Chemical Signalling, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn , Bonn, Germany
| | - Tobias P Dick
- 2 Division of Redox Regulation, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas J Meyer
- 3 Department Chemical Signalling, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn , Bonn, Germany
| | - Bruce Morgan
- 2 Division of Redox Regulation, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany .,4 Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Biology, University of Kaiserslautern , Kaiserslautern, Germany
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18
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Wages PA, Silbajoris R, Speen A, Brighton L, Henriquez A, Tong H, Bromberg PA, Simmons SO, Samet JM. Role of H2O2 in the oxidative effects of zinc exposure in human airway epithelial cells. Redox Biol 2014; 3:47-55. [PMID: 25462065 PMCID: PMC4297933 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2014.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Human exposure to particulate matter (PM) is a global environmental health concern. Zinc (Zn2+) is a ubiquitous respiratory toxicant that has been associated with PM health effects. However, the molecular mechanism of Zn2+ toxicity is not fully understood. H2O2 and Zn2+ have been shown to mediate signaling leading to adverse cellular responses in the lung and we have previously demonstrated Zn2+ to cause cellular H2O2 production. To determine the role of Zn2+-induced H2O2 production in the human airway epithelial cell response to Zn2+ exposure. BEAS-2B cells expressing the redox-sensitive fluorogenic sensors HyPer (H2O2) or roGFP2 (EGSH) in the cytosol or mitochondria were exposed to 50 µM Zn2+ for 5 min in the presence of 1 µM of the zinc ionophore pyrithione. Intracellular H2O2 levels were modulated using catalase expression either targeted to the cytosol or ectopically to the mitochondria. HO-1 mRNA expression was measured as a downstream marker of response to oxidative stress induced by Zn2+ exposure. Both cytosolic catalase overexpression and ectopic catalase expression in mitochondria were effective in ablating Zn2+-induced elevations in H2O2. Compartment-directed catalase expression blunted Zn2+-induced elevations in cytosolic EGSH and the increased expression of HO-1 mRNA levels. Zn2+ leads to multiple oxidative effects that are exerted through H2O2-dependent and independent mechanisms. We used targeted catalase expression to examine the role of H2O2 in Zn2+-induced effects. Cytosolic or mitochondrial catalase ablated Zn2+-induced mitochondrial H2O2 production. Catalase expression blunted Zn2+-induced cytosolic EGSH and HO-1 mRNA. Independently, decreasing GSHtotal or increasing EGSH failed to induce HO-1 mRNA. Zn2+ causes multiple oxidative effects by H2O2-dependent and independent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip A Wages
- Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Robert Silbajoris
- EPHD, NHEERL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Adam Speen
- Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Luisa Brighton
- CEMALB, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Andres Henriquez
- Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Haiyan Tong
- EPHD, NHEERL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Philip A Bromberg
- CEMALB, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - James M Samet
- EPHD, NHEERL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Ezeriņa D, Morgan B, Dick TP. Imaging dynamic redox processes with genetically encoded probes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 73:43-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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