1
|
Zhang S, Liu H, Du X, Chen X, Petlulu P, Tian Z, Shi L, Zhang B, Yuan S, Guo X, Wang Y, Guo H, Zhang H. A new identity of microcystins: Environmental endocrine disruptors? An evidence-based review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 851:158262. [PMID: 36029820 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microcystins (MCs) are widely distributed cyanobacterial toxins in eutrophic waters. At present, the endocrine-disrupting effects of MCs have been extensively studied, but whether MCs can be classified as environmental endocrine disruptors (EDCs) is still unclear. This review is aimed to evaluate the rationality for MCs as to be classified as EDCs based on the available evidence. It has been identified that MCs meet eight of ten key characteristics of chemicals that can be classified as EDCs. MCs interfere with the six processes, including synthesis, release, circulation, metabolism, binding and action of natural hormones in the body. Also, they are fit two other characteristics of EDC: altering the fate of producing/responding cells and epigenetic modification. Further evidence indicates that the endocrine-disrupting effect of MCs may be an important cause of adverse health outcomes such as metabolic disorders, reproductive disorders and effects on the growth and development of offspring. Generally, MCs have endocrine-disrupting properties, suggesting that it is reasonable for them to be considered EDCs. This is of great importance in understanding and evaluating the harm done by MCs on humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Zhang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Quality Control Department, Ninth Hospital of Xi'an, Shanxi, China
| | - Haohao Liu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xingde Du
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xinghai Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, St Mary's University, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Zhihui Tian
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Linjia Shi
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Bingyu Zhang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shumeng Yuan
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xing Guo
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yongshui Wang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hongxiang Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Huizhen Zhang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yan P, Shen J, Wang S, Zhou Y, Kang J, Yuan L, Bi L, Li Y, Chen Z. Removal of 2,6-dichlorophenol in water by CuO activated peroxymonosulfate: Efficiency, mechanism and degradation pathway. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
3
|
Fang J, Liu H, Zhao H, Zhou Y, Xu S, Cai Z. Association of in utero hexachlorocyclohexane exposure with gestational age. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 174:263-269. [PMID: 30831475 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.02.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
As endocrine disrupting chemicals, hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) isomers were reported to impair the intrauterine growth. Although the findings of HCHs with preterm birth were well established, the associations with gestational age were limited. In the present study, we examined whether exposure to HCHs would influence gestational age. The study population included 1028 pregnant women and their offspring who were born in 2014-2015 from a birth cohort in Wuhan, China. Associations of the cord serum HCH levels with gestational age were estimated using generalized linear models. We found higher HCH levels in pregnant women, who were elder, had higher body mass index (BMI) before pregnancy, received higher education, or were exposed to smoking passively. For term birth, the 3rd tertiles of α-HCH and γ-HCH were significantly associated with shorter gestational age [crude β = -1.017, confidence interval (CI): - 2.017, - 0.018 for α-HCH, crude β = -1.068, CI: - 2.067, - 0.070 for γ-HCH], and relationships were similar after adjusted by covariates. Stratified analysis showed positive associations between α-HCH and gestational age for mothers younger than 25 years old (adjusted β = 0.610, CI: 0.061, 1.158), while showing negative relationships for mothers elder than 35 years old (adjusted β = -1.365, CI: -2.414, -0.317). In summary, our results indicated cord serum levels of HCHs were associated with gestational age at birth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Hongxiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongzhi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Yanqiu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Shunqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Zongwei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Carles C, Bouvier G, Lebailly P, Baldi I. Use of job-exposure matrices to estimate occupational exposure to pesticides: A review. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2017; 27:125-140. [PMID: 27189257 DOI: 10.1038/jes.2016.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The health effects of pesticides have been extensively studied in epidemiology, mainly in agricultural populations. However, pesticide exposure assessment remains a key methodological issue for epidemiological studies. Besides self-reported information, expert assessment or metrology, job-exposure matrices still appear to be an interesting tool. We reviewed all existing matrices assessing occupational exposure to pesticides in epidemiological studies and described the exposure parameters they included. We identified two types of matrices, (i) generic ones that are generally used in case-control studies and document broad categories of pesticides in a large range of jobs, and (ii) specific matrices, developed for use in agricultural cohorts, that generally provide exposure metrics at the active ingredient level. The various applications of these matrices in epidemiological studies have proven that they are valuable tools to assess pesticide exposure. Specific matrices are particularly promising for use in agricultural cohorts. However, results obtained with matrices have rarely been compared with those obtained with other tools. In addition, the external validity of the given estimates has not been adequately discussed. Yet, matrices would help in reducing misclassification and in quantifying cumulated exposures, to improve knowledge about the chronic health effects of pesticides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camille Carles
- Université Bordeaux, ISPED, Equipe Epicène, Bordeaux, France
- CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Médecine du Travail, Bordeaux, France
- INSERM, ISPED, Centre INSERM U1219, Bordeaux, France
| | - Ghislaine Bouvier
- Université Bordeaux, ISPED, Equipe Epicène, Bordeaux, France
- INSERM, ISPED, Centre INSERM U1219, Bordeaux, France
| | - Pierre Lebailly
- INSERM, UMR1086-Cancers et Préventions, Caen, France
- Université Caen Normandie, Caen, France
- Centre François Baclesse, Caen, France
| | - Isabelle Baldi
- Université Bordeaux, ISPED, Equipe Epicène, Bordeaux, France
- CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Médecine du Travail, Bordeaux, France
- INSERM, ISPED, Centre INSERM U1219, Bordeaux, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Guo J, Wu C, Lv S, Lu D, Feng C, Qi X, Liang W, Chang X, Xu H, Wang G, Zhou Z. Associations of prenatal exposure to five chlorophenols with adverse birth outcomes. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 214:478-484. [PMID: 27131805 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.04.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Exposures to chlorophenols (CPs) have been linked with adverse health effects on wildlife and humans. This study aimed to evaluate prenatal exposure to five CP compounds using maternal urinary concentrations during pregnancy and the potential associations with birth outcomes of their infants at birth. A total of 1100 mother-newborn pairs were recruited during June 2009 to January 2010 in an agricultural region, China. Urinary concentrations of five CPs from dichlorophenol (DCP) to pentachlorophenol (PCP), namely, 2,5-DCP, 2,4-DCP, 2,4,5-trichlorophenol (2,4,5-TCP), 2,4,6-TCP and PCP, were measured using large-volume-injection gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LVI-GC-MS-MS), and associations between CP levels and weight, length as well as head circumference at birth were examined. Median urinary creatinine-adjusted concentrations of 2,5-DCP, 2,4-DCP, 2,4,5-TCP, 2,4,6-TCP and PCP were 3.34 μg/g, 1.03 μg/g, < LOD, 1.78 μg/g and 0.39 μg/g creatinine, respectively. We found lower birth weight 30 g [95% confidence interval (CI): -57, -3; p = 0.03] for per SD increase in log10-transformed concentrations of 2,4,6-TCP and lower birth weight 37 g (95% CI: -64, -10; p = 0.04) for PCP, respectively. Similarly, head circumference decrease in associations with creatinine-corrected 2,4,6-TCP and PCP concentrations were also achieved. Considering sex difference, the associations of lower birth weight were only found among male neonates, while head circumference was associated with 2,4-DCP and 2,5-DCP only found among female neonates. This study showed significant negative associations between CPs exposure and reduction in neonatal anthropometric measures. The biological mechanisms concerning CPs exposure on fetal growth deserved further investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiu Guo
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chunhua Wu
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Shenliang Lv
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China; Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 1380 Zhongshan West Road, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Dasheng Lu
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China; Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 1380 Zhongshan West Road, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Chao Feng
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 1380 Zhongshan West Road, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Xiaojuan Qi
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China; Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 3399, Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Weijiu Liang
- Changning District, Shanghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.39 Yunwushan Road, Shanghai, 200051, China
| | - Xiuli Chang
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Changning District, Shanghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.39 Yunwushan Road, Shanghai, 200051, China
| | - Guoquan Wang
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 1380 Zhongshan West Road, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Zhijun Zhou
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ma Q, Zhang H, Liu W, Ge J, Wu J, Wang S, Wang P. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrate based on cysteamine-modified gold nanoparticle aggregation for highly sensitive pentachlorophenol detection. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra15774b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A new surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate based on cysteamine-modified gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on the glass surface has been developed for the monitoring of pentachlorophenol (PCP) in water samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Ma
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- China
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- China
| | - Weimin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- China
| | - Jiechao Ge
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- China
| | - Jiasheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- China
| | - Shujun Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Optical Detection Technology for Oil and Gas
- China University of Petroleum
- Beijing 102249
- China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pan X, Liu X, Li X, Niu N, Yin X, Li N, Yu Z. Association between Environmental Dioxin-Related Toxicants Exposure and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FERTILITY & STERILITY 2015; 8:351-66. [PMID: 25780516 PMCID: PMC4355921 DOI: 10.22074/ijfs.2015.4174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Dioxin-related compounds are associated with teratogenic and mutagenic risks in laboratory animals, and result in adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, there were inconsistent results in epidemiology studies. In view of this difference, we conducted a
systematic review and meta-analysis to examine this association and to assess the heterogeneity among studies. Comprehensive literature searches were performed to search
for relevant articles published in English up to 15 May 2012. In total, we identified 15
studies which included 9 cohort and 6 case control studies. The Cochrane Q test and
index of heterogeneity (I2) were used to evaluate heterogeneity. In either cohort studies
(I2=0.89, p<0.0001) or case control studies (I2=0.69, p=0.02), significant heterogeneity
of risk estimates were observed. Subgroup analyses found no significant increased risk
of adverse pregnancy outcome with air dioxin-related compounds exposure (RR=0.99,
95% CI:0.85–1.16), no significant increased risk of spontaneous abortion (SAB) with exposure to food dioxin-related compounds (RR=1.05, 95% CI:0.80–1.37), higher significant risks of low birth weight (LBW) with exposure to food dioxin-related compounds
(RR=1.55, 95% CI:1.24–1.94), and higher significant risks of birth defects with maternal
solid contaminants dioxin exposure (OR=1.24, 95% CI:1.19–1.29). In conclusion, more
evidences are needed to confirm the association between environmental dioxin-related
compounds exposure and pregnancy outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinjuan Pan
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China ; Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xiaozhuan Liu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China ; Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xing Li
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Nannan Niu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinjuan Yin
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ning Li
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zengli Yu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Boccolini PDM, Boccolini CS, Chrisman JDR, Markowitz SB, Koifman S, Koifman RJ, Meyer A. Pesticide use and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma mortality in Brazil. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2013; 216:461-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2013.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
9
|
Boccolini PDMM, Boccolini CS, Meyer A, Chrisman JDR, Guimarães RM, Veríssimo G. Pesticide exposure and low birth weight prevalence in Brazil. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2013; 216:290-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2012.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Revised: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
10
|
Laessig SA, Tabacova SA, Kimmel CA. A Review of Reproductive and Developmental Effects of Pesticide Exposure in Humans. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3109/713926149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
11
|
Pathak R, Mustafa M, Ahmed T, Ahmed RS, Tripathi A, Guleria K, Banerjee B. Intra uterine growth retardation: Association with organochlorine pesticide residue levels and oxidative stress markers. Reprod Toxicol 2011; 31:534-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2011.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2010] [Revised: 01/12/2011] [Accepted: 02/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
12
|
Kitous O, Cheikh A, Lounici H, Grib H, Pauss A, Mameri N. Application of the electrosorption technique to remove Metribuzin pesticide. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2009; 161:1035-1039. [PMID: 18554783 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.04.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2007] [Revised: 02/17/2008] [Accepted: 04/14/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The present work deals with the removal of Metribuzin from aqueous solutions in a batch and continuous mode using electrosorption technique. This technique is based on the combination of two processes: the adsorption of Metribuzin into activated granular carbon (GAC) column and the application of the electrochemical potential. The effects of various experimental parameters (electrochemical potential, volumetric flow rate and initial Metribuzin concentration) on the removal efficiency were investigated. The pesticide sorption capacity at the breakthrough point of the GAC column reached 22 mg(pesticide)g(GAC)(-1). It was increased by more than 100% when the desired electrical potential (-50 mV/SCE) was applied in comparison with the conventional GAC column in similar experimental conditions without electrical potential. Evenmore, the electrosorption technique reduced considerably the drastic decrease encountered when passing from batch mode to continuous column mode.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O Kitous
- Laboratoire des Biotechnologies Environnementales et génie des procédés, Ecole Nationale Polytechnique d'Alger, B.P. 182, El-Harrach, 16200, Algeria
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sanborn M, Kerr KJ, Sanin LH, Cole DC, Bassil KL, Vakil C. Non-cancer health effects of pesticides: systematic review and implications for family doctors. CANADIAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN MEDECIN DE FAMILLE CANADIEN 2007; 53:1712-20. [PMID: 17934035 PMCID: PMC2231436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether there are associations between exposure to pesticides and 4 chronic non-cancer health effects: dermatologic, neurologic, reproductive, and genotoxic effects. DATA SOURCES We searched PreMedline, MEDLINE, and LILACS using the key word pesticide combined with the term for the specific health effect being searched. Reviewers scanned the references of all articles for additional relevant studies. STUDY SELECTION Studies since 1992 were assessed using structured inclusion and quality-of-methods criteria. Studies scoring <4 on a 7-point global methodologic quality scale were excluded. In total, 124 studies were included. These studies had a mean quality score of 4.88 out of 7. SYNTHESIS Strong evidence of association with pesticide exposure was found for all neurologic outcomes, genotoxicity, and 4 of 6 reproductive effects: birth defects, fetal death, altered growth, and other outcomes. Exposure to pesticides generally doubled the level of genetic damage as measured by chromosome aberrations in lymphocytes. Only a few high-quality studies focused on the dermatologic effects of pesticides. In some of these studies, rates of dermatitis were higher among those who had had high exposure to pesticides on the job. CONCLUSION Evidence from research on humans consistently points to positive associations between pesticide exposure and 3 of the 4 non-cancer health outcomes studied. Physicians have a dual role in educating individual patients about the risks of exposure and in reducing exposure in the community by advocating for restrictions on use of pesticides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Sanborn
- Chesley Medical Clinic, Box 459, Chesley, ON.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lopez-Espinosa MJ, Granada A, Carreno J, Salvatierra M, Olea-Serrano F, Olea N. Organochlorine Pesticides in Placentas from Southern Spain and Some Related Factors. Placenta 2007; 28:631-8. [PMID: 17109956 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2006.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2006] [Revised: 06/21/2006] [Accepted: 09/27/2006] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
During pregnancy, lipophilic xenobiotics stored in maternal adipose tissue can be mobilized and enter her blood circulation and reach the placenta. This study measured residues of oestrogen-mimicking organochlorine pesticides (OCs) in 150 placenta samples from women in Southern Spain. OCs were extracted from placenta by solid-liquid technique and purified by preparative liquid chromatography. Gas chromatography/electron-capture detection and mass spectrometry were used to identify and quantify p,p'-DDT and congeners/metabolites, endosulphan and congeners/metabolites, lindane, aldrin/dieldrin/endrin, hexachlorobenzene, methoxychlor and mirex. A mean of eight pesticides per placenta were detected (range, 3-15 pesticides). Endosulphan-ether, endosulphan-diol, endosulphan-I, p,p'-DDE, o,p'-DDD, p,p'-DDT, o,p'-DDT and lindane were detected in >or=50% of samples; p,p'-DDE was the most frequent (96.03%), followed by endosulphan-diol (76.86%) and lindane (74.17%). Presence of more pesticides was significantly associated with lower birth weight. Mean concentration of p,p'-DDE was 2.37+/-2.80 ng/g of placenta or 76.62+/-104.85 ng/g of lipid. Higher maternal body mass index was significantly associated with higher endosulphan concentrations in placenta, and greater maternal weight gain was significantly associated with higher p,p'-DDE concentrations. Prenatal exposure to OC xenoestrogens may be a causative factor in adverse reproductive health trends, and further studies are required to identify and describe pathways of this exposure to enhance preventive measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M-J Lopez-Espinosa
- Laboratory of Medical Investigations, San Cecilio University Hospital of Granada, 18071-Granadaa, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Loch-Caruso RK, Criswell KA, Grindatti CM, Brant KA. Sustained inhibition of rat myometrial gap junctions and contractions by lindane. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2003; 1:62. [PMID: 14567758 PMCID: PMC222921 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-1-62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2003] [Accepted: 10/03/2003] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gap junctions increase in size and abundance coincident with parturition, forming an intercellular communication network that permits the uterus to develop the forceful, coordinated contractions necessary for delivery of the fetus. Lindane, a pesticide used in the human and veterinary treatment of scabies and lice as well as in agricultural applications, inhibits uterine contractions in vitro, inhibits myometrial gap junctions, and has been associated with prolonged gestation length in rats. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether brief exposures to lindane would elicit sustained inhibition of rat uterine contractile activity and myometrial gap junction intercellular communication. METHODS To examine effects on uterine contraction, longitudinal uterine strips isolated from late gestation (day 20) rats were exposed to lindane in muscle baths and monitored for changes in spontaneous phasic contractions during and after exposure to lindane. Lucifer yellow dye transfer between myometrial cells in culture was used to monitor gap junction intercellular communication. RESULTS During a 1-h exposure, 10 micro M and 100 micro M lindane decreased peak force and frequency of uterine contraction but 1 micro M lindane did not. After removal of the exposure buffer, contraction force remained significantly depressed in uterine strips exposed to 100 micro M lindane, returning to less than 50% basal levels 5 h after cessation of lindane exposure. In cultured myometrial myocytes, significant sustained inhibition of Lucifer yellow dye transfer was observed 24 h after lindane exposures as brief as 10 min and as low as 0.1 micro M lindane. CONCLUSION Brief in vitro exposures to lindane have long-term effects on myometrial functions that are necessary for parturition, inhibiting spontaneous phasic contractions in late gestation rat uterus and gap junction intercellular communication in myometrial cell cultures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rita K Loch-Caruso
- Toxicology Program, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kay A Criswell
- Toxicology Program, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Current address: Pharmaceutical Research Division, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Carmen M Grindatti
- Toxicology Program, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Current address: NSF International, 789 N. Dixboro Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Kelly A Brant
- Toxicology Program, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hong Z, Günter M, Randow FFE. Meconium: a matrix reflecting potential fetal exposure to organochlorine pesticides and its metabolites. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2002; 51:60-64. [PMID: 11800551 DOI: 10.1006/eesa.2001.2110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the suitability of meconium as a matrix to reflect potential fetal exposure to organochlorine and its metabolites. With GC/MS methods, the process for separating and extracting meconium was explored repeatedly. The internal standard method and external standard method were introduced, and the ideal calibration curve (r=0.9885) for p,p'-DDE measurement was obtained with good validity and feasibility. Sixty samples collected during 1997-1998 from the Gynecological and Obstetrical Hospital, University of Rostock, were analyzed. We found three p,p'-DDE-positive samples and confirmed the results with mass spectrometry. Our findings, the first reported in the world, show that there exist residues organochlorine pesticide residue is present in human meconium 25 years after the use of organochlorine ceased. These results suggest that the pollution with organochlorine pesticides is a long-term global public health problem.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Hong
- Bureau of Infectious Diseases, Population and Public Health Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1L 5Z5.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sala M, Ribas-Fitó N, Cardo E, de Muga ME, Marco E, Mazón C, Verdú A, Grimalt JO, Sunyer J. Levels of hexachlorobenzene and other organochlorine compounds in cord blood: exposure across placenta. CHEMOSPHERE 2001; 43:895-901. [PMID: 11372882 DOI: 10.1016/s0045-6535(00)00450-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) is an organochlorine compound widespread in the environment, highly lipophilic, that accumulates in biological systems. It has been suggested that it should be classified as a dioxin-like compound. Newborns are exposed to organochlorine compounds across the placenta and through breastfeeding. Although HCB is one of the most common organochlorine compounds, the transplacental transference of HCB from mother to fetus during pregnancy has been scarcely documented. This study reports the levels of HCB, dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolite p,p'DDE, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and beta-hexachlorocyclohexane (beta-HCH) in 72 maternal blood samples at delivery and in 69 cord blood samples, from which 62 corresponded to mother infant pairs born between May 1997 and September 1999 in a rural area highly exposed to HCB. Results show that all newborns presented detectable levels of HCB, PCBs, and p,p'DDE, and, to a lesser extent, of beta-HCH, the HCB levels being the highest. The geometric mean of HCB was 1.1 ng/ml, ranging from 0.3 to 5.7 ng/ml. Concentrations of HCB levels in cord blood (log ng/ml) were positively associated with concentrations in maternal blood (log ng/ml) (coefficient = 0.45, P < 0.01). Gestational age was not associated with the transplacental transfer of HCB. Maternal p,p'DDE and beta-HCH levels were also associated with newborn levels, but levels of PCBs were not. We conclude that HCB, similar to other organochlorinated compounds, has a transplacental transfer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Sala
- Environmental and Respiratory Research Unit, Institut Municipal d'Investigació Mèdica, Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Heacock H, Hertzman C, Demers PA, Gallagher R, Hogg RS, Teschke K, Hershler R, Bajdik CD, Dimich-Ward H, Marion SA, Ostry A, Kelly S. Childhood cancer in the offspring of male sawmill workers occupationally exposed to chlorophenate fungicides. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2000; 108:499-503. [PMID: 10856022 PMCID: PMC1638138 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.00108499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine whether paternal occupational exposure to chlorophenol fungicides and their dioxin contaminants is associated with childhood cancer in the offspring of sawmill workers. We used data from 23,829 British Columbian sawmill workers employed for at least 1 continuous year between 1950 and 1985 in 11 sawmills that used chlorophenates. Probabilistic linkage of the sawmill worker cohort to the provincial marriage and birth files produced an offspring cohort of 19,674 children born at least 1 year after the initiation of employment in the period 1952-1988. We then linked the offspring cohort to the British Columbia Cancer Registry. We included all malignancies in cases younger than 20 years of age that appeared on the cancer registry between 1969 and 1993. We calculated standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) using the British Columbia population as a reference. A nested case-control analysis assessed the effects of paternal cumulative exposure and windows of exposure on the risk of developing cancer in the offspring. We identified 40 cases of cancer during 259,919 person-years of follow-up. The all-cancer SIR was 1.0 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.7-1.4]; the SIR for leukemia was 1.0 (CI, 0.5-1.8); and the SIR for brain cancer was 1.3 (CI, 0.6-2.5). The nested case-control analysis showed slightly increased risks in the highest categories of chlorophenol exposure, although none was statistically significant. Our analyses provide little evidence to support a relationship between the risk of childhood cancer and paternal occupational exposure to chlorophenate fungicides in British Columbian sawmills.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Heacock
- Department of Health Care and Epidemiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Seidler A, Raum E, Arabin B, Hellenbrand W, Walter U, Schwartz FW. Maternal occupational exposure to chemical substances and the risk of infants small-for-gestational-age. Am J Ind Med 1999; 36:213-22. [PMID: 10361609 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0274(199907)36:1<213::aid-ajim30>3.0.co;2-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between maternal occupational exposure to specific chemical substances (organic solvents, carbon tetrachloride, herbicides, chlorophenols, polychlorinated biphenyls, aromatic amines, lead and lead compounds, mercury and mercury compounds) and birth of small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants was evaluated using data from a prospective cohort study of 3,946 pregnant women in West Germany from 1987 to 1988. METHODS Occupational, medical, and psychosocial information was gathered through a questionnaire from pregnant women who were recruited between 15 and 28 gestational weeks. Exposure to chemical substances at the current workplace was assessed by a job-exposure matrix constructed by Pannett in 1985 and weighted for the number of working hours per week. Women not working at the time of the interview, women with multiple births, and women with stillbirths were excluded from analysis. Data were analyzed using dichotomous and polytomous logistic regression to control for age, smoking status, alcohol consumption, body mass index, and number of former births. RESULTS The results of the dichotomous logistic regression analysis suggest that leather work might be associated with the birth of infants small-for-gestational-age through exposure to chlorophenols (P = 0.02) and aromatic amines (P = 0.05). In the polytomous logistic regression analysis, only the association between exposure to mercury and growth retardation reached statistical significance (P = 0.02); however, the power of the study is limited. Further adjustment for income, shift work, and heavy physical work had no substantial effect on the results. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that maternal exposure to specific chemicals at work may be a risk factor for the birth of SGA infants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Seidler
- Department of Epidemiology, Social Medicine and Health System Research, Hannover Medical University, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sala M, Sunyer J, Otero R, Santiago-Silva M, Camps C, Grimalt J. Organochlorine in the serum of inhabitants living near an electrochemical factory. Occup Environ Med 1999; 56:152-8. [PMID: 10448322 PMCID: PMC1757711 DOI: 10.1136/oem.56.3.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To measure the impact of occupational and lifestyle factors on concentrations of organochlorine compounds in a general population sample living near an electrochemical factory with a high airborne concentration of hexachlorobenzene (HCB). METHODS Serum samples from 608 people (328 selected from a random sample) were collected in 1994. Information on lifestyles, occupation, and medical condition was obtained by questionnaire. RESULTS HCB and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were detected in all samples (means 36.7 ng/ml and 4.3 ng/ml respectively), followed by dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethane (DDE) and beta-hexachlorocyclohexane (beta-HCH), found in 98.7% and 87.3% of the samples respectively (means 4.6 ng/ml and 2.5 ng/ml, respectively). Concentrations of HCB were the highest ever reported. Occupation in the factory was the main determinant of the variation in concentrations of HCB (regression coefficients 1.52 (SEM 0.14) in 1n (HCB) for workers in the production department, and 2.13 (0.23) for workers in maintenance department) and explained the highest concentrations of HCB found in men of middle age. In retired workers, concentrations of HCB declined with time since retirement. The PCBs, dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane (DDT), and beta-HCH were independent of the occupation and concentrations were similar to those found in other populations. Concentrations of beta-HCH and DDE in the whole population, and HCB among non-workers, were higher in women than in men. Concentrations of all measured organochlorine compounds increased with age and body mass index. Consumption of locally caught fish was an independent determinant of HCB and PCB concentrations. CONCLUSIONS This population incorporated HCB directly through occupation in the electrochemical factory, by airborne pollution, and consumption of locally caught fish. Concentrations of other common organochlorine compounds were not higher than expected. Environmental exposures to these compounds deserve attention due to their persistence and potential health effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Sala
- Respiratory and Environmental Research Unit, Institut Municipal d'Investigacio Medica, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Arbuckle TE, Sever LE. Pesticide exposures and fetal death: a review of the epidemiologic literature. Crit Rev Toxicol 1998; 28:229-70. [PMID: 9631282 DOI: 10.1080/10408449891344218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite considerable concern regarding the effects on reproductive outcome of exposures to pesticides, convincing evidence for the developmental toxicity of occupational and environmental pesticide exposure in humans is lacking. In this comprehensive review of the English language epidemiologic literature, we summarize studies that have examined potential associations between fetal deaths (both spontaneous abortions and stillbirths) and specific pesticides, as well as maternal and paternal employment in occupations with potential for exposure. While many of the epidemiologic studies to date suffer from methodologic problems, the data are suggestive of increased risks of fetal deaths associated with pesticides in general and maternal employment in the agricultural industry. There is a clear need for epidemiologic research that focuses on specific pesticide products or chemical families, with improved exposure assessment. The potential role of solvents in developmental toxicity associated with pesticide use by both males and females should also be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T E Arbuckle
- Department of Epidemiology School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Stoffmonographie Pentachlorphenol-Referenz- und Human-Biomonitoring-Werte (HBM). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03042913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
23
|
Abstract
Many pesticides are known to produce reproductive and developmental effects in chronically exposed non-target organisms, including humans. Recent evidence suggests that demasculinization may be an important mechanism responsible for some of these effects. Some pesticides have been shown to interact with the androgen receptor and to act as antagonists, while others have been shown to interact with the estrogen receptor and function as estrogens in both in vitro and in vivo. Many pesticides can also lower serum androgen levels by altering rates of synthesis or metabolism. Given the ubiquity of pesticides in the environment and the multiple mechanisms whereby they can elicit demasculinizing effects, synergy between such compounds may produce clinical endocrine dysfunction at current human exposure levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G A LeBlanc
- Department of Toxicology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695-7633, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|