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Cruz-Torres KC, Estrada-Soto S, Arias-Durán L, Navarrete-Vázquez G, Almanza-Pérez JC, Mora-Ramiro B, Perea-Arango I, Hernández-Núñez E, Villalobos-Molina R, Carmona-Castro G, Medina-Díaz IM, Ávila-Villarreal G. LC-MS Fingerprinting Development for Standardized Precipitate from Agastache mexicana, Which Induces Antihypertensive Effect through NO Production and Calcium Channel Blockade. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2346. [PMID: 37765314 PMCID: PMC10538051 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to evaluate the vasorelaxant and antihypertensive effects of a standardized precipitate of the hydroalcoholic extract from Agastache mexicana (PPAm), comprising ursolic acid, oleanolic acid, acacetin, luteolin and tilianin, among others. In the ex vivo experiments, preincubation with L-NAME (nonspecific inhibitor of nitric oxide synthases) reduced the relaxation induced by PPAm; nevertheless, preincubation with indomethacin (nonspecific inhibitor of cyclooxygenases) did not generate any change in the vasorelaxation, and an opposed effect was observed to the contraction generated by CaCl2 addition. Oral administration of 100 mg/kg of PPAm induced a significant acute decrease in diastolic (DBP) and systolic (SBP) blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats, without changes in heart rate. Additionally, PPAm showed a sustained antihypertensive subacute effect on both DBP and SBP for 10 days compared to the control group. On the other hand, human umbilical vein cells treated with 10 µg/mL of PPAm showed a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in intracellular adhesion molecule-1, compared to the control, but not on vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. In conclusion, PPAm induces a significant antihypertensive effect in acute- and subacute-period treatments, due to its direct vasorelaxant action on rat aortic rings through NO production and Ca2+ channel blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Catalina Cruz-Torres
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62209, Morelos, Mexico; (K.C.C.-T.); (G.N.-V.)
| | - Samuel Estrada-Soto
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62209, Morelos, Mexico; (K.C.C.-T.); (G.N.-V.)
| | - Luis Arias-Durán
- Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Iztapalapa, Ciudad de Mexico 09340, Mexico; (L.A.-D.); (J.C.A.-P.); (B.M.-R.)
| | - Gabriel Navarrete-Vázquez
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62209, Morelos, Mexico; (K.C.C.-T.); (G.N.-V.)
| | - Julio César Almanza-Pérez
- Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Iztapalapa, Ciudad de Mexico 09340, Mexico; (L.A.-D.); (J.C.A.-P.); (B.M.-R.)
| | - Beatriz Mora-Ramiro
- Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Iztapalapa, Ciudad de Mexico 09340, Mexico; (L.A.-D.); (J.C.A.-P.); (B.M.-R.)
| | - Irene Perea-Arango
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62209, Morelos, Mexico; (I.P.-A.); (G.C.-C.)
| | - Emanuel Hernández-Núñez
- Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Mérida, Mérida 97310, Yucatán, Mexico;
| | - Rafael Villalobos-Molina
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de Mexico, Mexico;
| | - Gabriela Carmona-Castro
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62209, Morelos, Mexico; (I.P.-A.); (G.C.-C.)
| | - Irma-Martha Medina-Díaz
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic 63000, Nayarit, Mexico;
| | - Gabriela Ávila-Villarreal
- Centro Nayarita de Innovación y Transferencia de Tecnología “Unidad Especializada en I+D+i en Calidad de Alimentos y Productos Naturales”, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic 63000, Nayarit, Mexico
- Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic 63000, Nayarit, Mexico
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Therapeutic Effect of Benidipine on Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15081020. [PMID: 36015167 PMCID: PMC9412249 DOI: 10.3390/ph15081020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is an intractable disease that is typically observed in patients with osteoporosis or tumors that have been treated with either bisphosphonate (BP) or antiangiogenic medicine. The mechanism of MRONJ pathogenesis remains unclear, and no effective definitive treatment modalities have been reported to date. Previous reports have indicated that a single injection of benidipine, an antihypertensive calcium channel blocker, in the vicinity of a tooth extraction socket promotes wound healing in healthy rats. The present study was conducted to elucidate the possibility of using benidipine to promote the healing of MRONJ-like lesions. In this study, benidipine was administered near the site of MRONJ symptom onset in a model rat, which was then sacrificed two weeks after benidipine injection, and analyzed using histological sections and CT images. The analysis showed that in the benidipine groups, necrotic bone was reduced, and soft tissue continuity was recovered. Furthermore, the distance between epithelial edges, length of necrotic bone exposed in the oral cavity, necrotic bone area, and necrotic bone ratio were significantly smaller in the benidipine group. These results suggest that a single injection of benidipine in the vicinity of MRONJ-like lesions can promote osteonecrotic extraction socket healing.
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Arias-Durán L, Estrada-Soto S, Hernández-Morales M, Millán-Pacheco C, Navarrete-Vázquez G, Villalobos-Molina R, Ibarra-Barajas M, Almanza-Pérez JC. Antihypertensive and vasorelaxant effect of leucodin and achillin isolated from Achillea millefolium through calcium channel blockade and NO production: In vivo, functional ex vivo and in silico studies. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 273:113948. [PMID: 33610712 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Achillea millefolium L. (Asteraceae), known as yarrow (milenrama), is a plant used in Mexican traditional medicine for the treatment of hypertension, diabetes, and related diseases. AIM To determine the vasorelaxant and antihypertensive effect of A. millefollium and to isolate the main bioactive antihypertensive agents. MATERIALS AND METHODS Organic (hexane, dichloromethane and methanol) and hydro-alcohol (Ethanol-H2O: 70:30) extracts obtained from flowers, leaves and stems were evaluated on isolated aorta rat rings with and without endothelium to determine their vasorelaxant effect. Hexane extract from flowers (HEAmF) was studied to evaluate its antihypertensive effect on spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). From HEAmF, bioactive compounds were obtained by bio-guided phytochemical separation through chromatography. RESULTS Organic extracts showed the best vasorelaxant activity. Hexane extract from flowers was the most potent and efficient ex vivo vasorelaxant agent, showing significant decrease of systolic and diastolic blood pressure in SHR (p < 0.05). Phytochemical separation of HEAmF yielded two epimeric sesquiterpene lactones: leucodin (1) and achillin (2), the major components of the extract. Both 1 and 2 showed similar vasorelaxant action ex vivo (p < 0.05), and their effects where modified by L-NAME (10 μM, nitric oxide synthase inhibitor), by ODQ (1 μM, soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor), and also relaxed the contraction induced by KCl (80 mM). Finally, 1 and 2 intragastric administration (50 mg/kg) decreased systolic and diastolic blood pressure in SHR. CONCLUSIONS Achillea millefolium showed antihypertensive and vasorelaxant effects, due mainly to leucodin and achillin (epimers). Both compounds showed antihypertensive activity by vasorelaxation putatively by endothelium-dependent NO release and cGMP increase, as well as by calcium channels blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Arias-Durán
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma Del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62209, Mexico
| | - Samuel Estrada-Soto
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma Del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62209, Mexico.
| | | | - César Millán-Pacheco
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma Del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62209, Mexico
| | - Gabriel Navarrete-Vázquez
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma Del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62209, Mexico
| | - Rafael Villalobos-Molina
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, 54090, Mexico
| | - Maximiliano Ibarra-Barajas
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, 54090, Mexico
| | - Julio C Almanza-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Depto. Ciencias de La Salud, D.C.B.S, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana- Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, 09340, Mexico
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Synthesis and vasodilator activity of new 1,4-dihyropyridines bearing sulfonylurea, urea and thiourea moieties. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-019-00925-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Imai M, Ayukawa Y, Yasunami N, Furuhashi A, Takemura Y, Adachi N, Hu J, Zhou X, Moriyama Y, Atsuta I, Kurata K, Koyano K. Effect of a Single Injection of Benidipine-Impregnated Biodegradable Microcarriers on Bone and Gingival Healing at the Tooth Extraction Socket. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2019; 8:108-117. [PMID: 30911442 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2018.0834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: A dihydropyridine-type calcium channel blocker, benidipine (BD), is extensively used in hypertension therapy. In vitro study reported BD promoting bone metabolism. We evaluated the effect of sustained release of BD-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microcarriers on the promotion of bone and gingival healing at an extraction socket in vivo. In addition, the effect of BD on osteoblasts, osteocytes, fibroblasts, and epithelial cells was evaluated in vitro. Approach: The maxillary first molar of rats was extracted. Next, PLGA microcarriers containing BD were directly injected into the gingivobuccal fold as a single dose. After injection, bone and soft-tissue healing was histologically evaluated. Effect of BD on proliferation, migration, and gene expression of gingival and bone cell was also examined in vitro. Results: After tooth extraction, BD significantly augmented bone volume and density, and also epithelial wound healing. During in vitro studies, BD promoted significant proliferation and migration of fibroblasts and epithelial cells. Real-time RT-PCR revealed that BD upregulated messenger RNA expression of Ahsg (alpha 2-HS glycoprotein) and Csf2 (colony-stimulating factor 2) in osteoblasts. Innovation: The prevention of bone and soft-tissue reduction associated with tooth extraction has been eagerly anticipated in the field of dentistry. This study first reported the effect of BD on extraction socket healing. Conclusion: A single dose of topically administered BD-loaded PLGA microcarriers promoted bone and soft-tissue healing at the extraction site of tooth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikio Imai
- Section of Implant and Rehabilitative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasunori Ayukawa
- Section of Implant and Rehabilitative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Yasunami
- Section of Implant and Rehabilitative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akihiro Furuhashi
- Section of Implant and Rehabilitative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoko Takemura
- Section of Implant and Rehabilitative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Naomi Adachi
- Section of Implant and Rehabilitative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Jiangqi Hu
- Section of Implant and Rehabilitative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Xudiyang Zhou
- Section of Implant and Rehabilitative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuko Moriyama
- Section of Implant and Rehabilitative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ikiru Atsuta
- Section of Implant and Rehabilitative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kosaku Kurata
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Koyano
- Section of Implant and Rehabilitative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Modulatory effect of some citrus (Citrus limon, Citrus reticulata, Citrus maxima) peels on monoamine oxidase, phosphodiesterase-5 and angiotensin-1 converting enzyme activities in rat heart homogenate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 16:jcim-2018-0067. [DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2018-0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Citrus peels have been reported useful in folk medicine for the management of cardiovascular diseases, but there is dearth of information on the possible mechanisms for their therapeutic action. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of methanolic extracts from some citrus [lime (Citrus limon), tangerine (Citrus reticulata), shaddock (Citrus maxima)] peels on some enzymes relevant to the management of cardiovascular diseases [monoamine oxidase (MAO), phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) and angiotensin-1-converting enzyme (ACE)].
Methods
Effect of methanolic extracts of lime, tangerine and shaddock peels on MAO, PDE-5 and ACE were carried out using standard methods. In addition, the ability of the extracts to prevent oxidative damage in rat heart homogenates was also investigated. Finally, the total polyphenol content of extracts was determined.
Results
The results revealed that methanolic extracts of lime, tangerine and shaddock peels inhibited MAO, PDE-5, ACE and pro-oxidants induced lipid peroxidation in rat heart homogenate in a concentration-dependent manner.
Conclusions
Findings in this study revealed citrus peel methanolic extracts as natural inhibitor of enzymes (MAO, PDE-5 and ACE) implicated in cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, citrus peels could help in the management of cardiovascular diseases possibly through inhibition of these enzymes.
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Umemoto S, Ogihara T, Matsuzaki M, Rakugi H, Shimada K, Kawana M, Kario K, Ohashi Y, Saruta T. Effects of Calcium-Channel Blocker Benidipine-Based Combination Therapy on Cardiac Events - Subanalysis of the COPE Trial. Circ J 2017; 82:457-463. [PMID: 28867690 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-17-0592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Combination Therapy of Hypertension to Prevent Cardiovascular Events (COPE) trial was conducted to compare the effects of regimens combining the dihydropyridine calcium-channel blocker benidipine with each of 3 secondary agent types (an angiotensin-receptor blocker (ARB), a β-blocker and a thiazide) in Japanese hypertensive outpatients who did not achieve target blood pressure (<140/90 mmHg) with benidipine 4 mg/day alone. The analysis included 3,293 patients (ARB, 1,110; β-blocker, 1,089; thiazide, 1,094) with a median follow-up of 3.61 years. The main results of the COPE trial demonstrated that the incidences of hard cardiovascular composite endpoints and fatal or non-fatal strokes were significantly higher in the benidipine/β-blocker group than in the benidipine/thiazide group.Methods and Results:We further evaluated the treatment effects on different cardiac events among the 3 benidipine-based regimens.We observed a total of 50 cardiac events, 4.2 per 1000 person-years. The incidences of total cardiac events and each cardiac event were similarly low among the 3 treatment groups. Unadjusted and multi-adjusted hazard ratios for total cardiac events showed no significant difference among the 3 treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS This subanalysis of the COPE trial demonstrated that blood pressure-lowering regimens combining benidipine with an ARB, β-blocker or thiazide diuretic were similarly effective for the prevention of cardiac events in Japanese hypertensive outpatients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Umemoto
- Center for Integrated Medical Research, Hiroshima University Hospital
| | - Toshio Ogihara
- Morinomiya University of Medical Sciences.,Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | | | - Hiromi Rakugi
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | | | - Masatoshi Kawana
- Department of General Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital
| | - Kazuomi Kario
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Yasuo Ohashi
- Department of Integrated Science and Engineering for Sustainable Society, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University
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Park BG, Shin WS, Oh S, Park GM, Kim NI, Lee S. A novel antihypertension agent, sargachromenol D from marine brown algae, Sargassum siliquastrum, exerts dual action as an L-type Ca 2+ channel blocker and endothelin A/B 2 receptor antagonist. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:4649-4655. [PMID: 28720331 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We isolated the novel vasoactive marine natural products, (5E,10E)-14-hydroxy-2,6,10-trimethylpentadeca-5,10-dien-4-one (4) and sargachromenol D (5), from Sargassum siliquastrum collected from the coast of the East Sea in South Korea by using activity-guided HPLC purification. The compounds effectively dilated depolarization (50mMK+)-induced basilar artery contraction with EC50 values of 3.52±0.42 and 1.62±0.63μM, respectively, but only sargachromenol D (5) showed a vasodilatory effect on endothelin-1 (ET-1)-induced basilar artery contraction (EC50=9.8±0.6μM). These results indicated that sargachromenol D (5) could act as a dual antagonist of l-type Ca2+ channel and endothelin A/B2 receptors. Moreover, sargachromenol D (5) lowered blood pressure in spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHRs) 2h after oral treatment at a dose of 80mg/kg dose and the effect was maintained for 24h. Based on our ex vivo and in vivo experiments, we propose that sargachromenol D (5) is a strong candidate for the treatment of hypertension that is not controlled by conventional drugs, in particular, severe-, type II diabetes-, salt-sensitive, and metabolic disease-induced hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byong-Gon Park
- Department of Physiology, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Gangneung 25601, Republic of Korea; Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Gangneung 25601, Republic of Korea
| | - Woon-Seob Shin
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Gangneung 25601, Republic of Korea; Department of Microbiology, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Gangneung 25601, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangtae Oh
- Department of Basic Science, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Gangneung 25601, Republic of Korea
| | - Gab-Man Park
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Gangneung 25601, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Gangneung 25601, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Ik Kim
- Department of Physical Education, Catholic Kwandong University College of Education, Gangneung 25601, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokjoon Lee
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Gangneung 25601, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacology, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Gangneung 25601, Republic of Korea.
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Hagiwara H, Nishikawa R, Fukuzawa K, Tohkin M. The Survey of the Compliance Situation to the Antihypertensive Therapy Guideline by Analyzing Japanese National Claims Data. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2017; 137:893-901. [DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.17-00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Hagiwara
- Department of Regulatory Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University
| | - Ryouhei Nishikawa
- Department of Regulatory Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University
| | - Kazuki Fukuzawa
- Department of Regulatory Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University
| | - Masahiro Tohkin
- Department of Regulatory Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University
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Razavi BM, Hosseinzadeh H. Saffron: a promising natural medicine in the treatment of metabolic syndrome. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:1679-1685. [PMID: 27861946 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a disorder which encompasses obesity, high blood glucose, high cholesterol levels and high blood pressure. Moreover, metabolic syndrome is considered as the most important risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). CVD is the leading cause of mortality in the world for both men and women. Several chemical drugs are available to treat metabolic risk factors, but because of the safety, efficacy, cultural acceptability and lesser side effects, nowadays herbal therapy has a critical role in the treatment of these CVD risk factors. Crocus sativus L. (saffron) is a perennial herb that belongs to the Iridaceae family. Saffron is an extensively used food additive for its colour and taste and has been widely used in traditional as well as modern medicine to treat several illnesses including cardiovascular diseases. Most of the unique properties of this plant are attributed to the presence of three major components, including crocin, safranal and crocetin. It has been proved that saffron has an important role in the management of metabolic syndrome because of its marvelous activities including anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, hypotensive and hypolipidaemic properties. In this review article, we discuss the beneficial properties of saffron and its active components to treat different components of metabolic syndrome and most relevant animal and human studies regarding the use of this plant in cardiovascular disease, with focus on the metabolic risk factors. This review also suggests that after randomised clinical trials, saffron may be implicated as a preventive or therapeutic agent against metabolic syndrome. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibi Marjan Razavi
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Umemoto S, Ogihara T, Matsuzaki M, Rakugi H, Ohashi Y, Saruta T. Effects of calcium channel blocker benidipine-based combination therapy on target blood pressure control and cardiovascular outcome: a sub-analysis of the COPE trial. Hypertens Res 2017; 40:376-384. [PMID: 27904156 PMCID: PMC5506236 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2016.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We compared three benidipine-based regimens-that is, benidipine plus angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB), β-blocker (BB) or thiazide-and found that the benidipine-BB combination was less beneficial in reducing the risk of stroke than the benidipine-thiazide combination. This sub-analysis sought to compare the effects of reaching a target blood pressure (BP) (<140/90 mm Hg) on the cardiovascular outcomes among the three benidipine-based treatment groups in the Combination Therapy of Hypertension to Prevent Cardiovascular Events trial. This sub-analysis included 3001 subjects to evaluate the achievement of target BP at a minimum of three points at 6-month intervals of clinical BP measurements during the study period. After randomization, the patients were categorized into two groups on the basis of achieved on-treatment target BP: a good control (GC) group achieving a BP⩾66.7% of the target and a poor control (PC) group with a BP <66.6% of the target. For each of the two control groups, outcomes were compared among the three treatment groups. The event rates for cardiovascular composite endpoints, stroke and hard cardiovascular events were higher in the PC group than the GC group (P=0.041, P=0.042 and P=0.038, respectively). Within the PC group, hazard ratios for the incidence of cardiovascular events were lower in the benidipine-thiazide group than in the benidipine-BB group (composite cardiovascular events: 2.04, P=0.033; stroke: 4.14, P=0.005; and hard cardiovascular events: 3.52, P=0.009). Within the GC group, the incidence of cardiovascular events was not different among the three treatment regimens. The benidipine-thiazide combination may provide better cardiovascular outcomes than the benidipine-BB combination even in patients with poor BP control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Umemoto
- Center for Integrated Medical Research, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Toshio Ogihara
- Morinomiya University of Medical Sciences, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Hiromi Rakugi
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuo Ohashi
- Department of Integrated Science and Engineering for Sustainable Society, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Beta-blockers refer to a mixed group of drugs with diverse pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties. They have shown long-term beneficial effects on mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD) when used in people with heart failure or acute myocardial infarction. Beta-blockers were thought to have similar beneficial effects when used as first-line therapy for hypertension. However, the benefit of beta-blockers as first-line therapy for hypertension without compelling indications is controversial. This review is an update of a Cochrane Review initially published in 2007 and updated in 2012. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of beta-blockers on morbidity and mortality endpoints in adults with hypertension. SEARCH METHODS The Cochrane Hypertension Information Specialist searched the following databases for randomized controlled trials up to June 2016: the Cochrane Hypertension Specialised Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (2016, Issue 6), MEDLINE (from 1946), Embase (from 1974), and ClinicalTrials.gov. We checked reference lists of relevant reviews, and reference lists of studies potentially eligible for inclusion in this review, and also searched the the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform on 06 July 2015. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of at least one year of duration, which assessed the effects of beta-blockers compared to placebo or other drugs, as first-line therapy for hypertension, on mortality and morbidity in adults. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We selected studies and extracted data in duplicate, resolving discrepancies by consensus. We expressed study results as risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and conducted fixed-effect or random-effects meta-analyses, as appropriate. We also used GRADE to assess the certainty of the evidence. GRADE classifies the certainty of evidence as high (if we are confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of effect), moderate (if the true effect is likely to be close to the estimate of effect), low (if the true effect may be substantially different from the estimate of effect), and very low (if we are very uncertain about the estimate of effect). MAIN RESULTS Thirteen RCTs met inclusion criteria. They compared beta-blockers to placebo (4 RCTs, 23,613 participants), diuretics (5 RCTs, 18,241 participants), calcium-channel blockers (CCBs: 4 RCTs, 44,825 participants), and renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors (3 RCTs, 10,828 participants). These RCTs were conducted between the 1970s and 2000s and most of them had a high risk of bias resulting from limitations in study design, conduct, and data analysis. There were 40,245 participants taking beta-blockers, three-quarters of them taking atenolol. We found no outcome trials involving the newer vasodilating beta-blockers (e.g. nebivolol).There was no difference in all-cause mortality between beta-blockers and placebo (RR 0.99, 95% CI 0.88 to 1.11), diuretics or RAS inhibitors, but it was higher for beta-blockers compared to CCBs (RR 1.07, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.14). The evidence on mortality was of moderate-certainty for all comparisons.Total CVD was lower for beta-blockers compared to placebo (RR 0.88, 95% CI 0.79 to 0.97; low-certainty evidence), a reflection of the decrease in stroke (RR 0.80, 95% CI 0.66 to 0.96; low-certainty evidence) since there was no difference in coronary heart disease (CHD: RR 0.93, 95% CI 0.81 to 1.07; moderate-certainty evidence). The effect of beta-blockers on CVD was worse than that of CCBs (RR 1.18, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.29; moderate-certainty evidence), but was not different from that of diuretics (moderate-certainty) or RAS inhibitors (low-certainty). In addition, there was an increase in stroke in beta-blockers compared to CCBs (RR 1.24, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.40; moderate-certainty evidence) and RAS inhibitors (RR 1.30, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.53; moderate-certainty evidence). However, there was little or no difference in CHD between beta-blockers and diuretics (low-certainty evidence), CCBs (moderate-certainty evidence) or RAS inhibitors (low-certainty evidence). In the single trial involving participants aged 65 years and older, atenolol was associated with an increased CHD incidence compared to diuretics (RR 1.63, 95% CI 1.15 to 2.32). Participants taking beta-blockers were more likely to discontinue treatment due to adverse events than participants taking RAS inhibitors (RR 1.41, 95% CI 1.29 to 1.54; moderate-certainty evidence), but there was little or no difference with placebo, diuretics or CCBs (low-certainty evidence). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Most outcome RCTs on beta-blockers as initial therapy for hypertension have high risk of bias. Atenolol was the beta-blocker most used. Current evidence suggests that initiating treatment of hypertension with beta-blockers leads to modest CVD reductions and little or no effects on mortality. These beta-blocker effects are inferior to those of other antihypertensive drugs. Further research should be of high quality and should explore whether there are differences between different subtypes of beta-blockers or whether beta-blockers have differential effects on younger and older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles S Wiysonge
- South African Medical Research CouncilCochrane South AfricaFrancie van Zijl Drive, Parow ValleyCape TownWestern CapeSouth Africa7505
- Stellenbosch UniversityCentre for Evidence‐based Health Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Hazel A Bradley
- University of the Western CapeSchool of Public HealthPrivate Bag X17BelvilleCape TownSouth Africa7535
| | - Jimmy Volmink
- South African Medical Research CouncilCochrane South AfricaFrancie van Zijl Drive, Parow ValleyCape TownWestern CapeSouth Africa7505
- Stellenbosch UniversityCentre for Evidence‐based Health Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Bongani M Mayosi
- J Floor, Old Groote Schuur HospitalDepartment of MedicineObservatory 7925Cape TownSouth Africa
| | - Lionel H Opie
- Medical SchoolHatter Cardiovascular Research InstituteAnzio RoadObservatoryCape TownSouth Africa7925
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A Review on Medicinal Properties of Orientin. Adv Pharmacol Sci 2016; 2016:4104595. [PMID: 27298620 PMCID: PMC4889806 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4104595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants continue to play an important role in modern medications and healthcare as consumers generally believe that most of them cause fewer or milder adverse effects than the conventional modern medicines. In order to use the plants as a source of medicinal agents, the bioactive compounds are usually extracted from plants. Therefore, the extraction of bioactive compounds from medicinal plants is a crucial step in producing plant-derived drugs. One of the bioactive compounds isolable from medicinal plants, orientin, is often used in various bioactivity studies due to its extensive beneficial properties. The extraction of orientin in different medicinal plants and its medicinal properties, which include antioxidant, antiaging, antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammation, vasodilatation and cardioprotective, radiation protective, neuroprotective, antidepressant-like, antiadipogenesis, and antinociceptive effects, are discussed in detail in this review.
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Qu Z, Zhang J, Gao W, Chen H, Huang H, Huo L, Li H. Antihypertensive and cardioprotective effects of Cerebralcare granule® on spontaneously hypertensive rats from the perspective of the gaseous triumvirate NO-CO-H2S system. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 41:22-31. [PMID: 26650795 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2015.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Cerebralcare granule(®) (CG) has been reported to have hypotensive effect. However, several pathways involved in the mechanism of hypotension are still unclear. This study was designed to verify the antihypertensive effect of CG and to characterize its mechanism of action, especially from the perspective of gasotrasmmiter NO/cGMP, CO/HO and H2S/CSE systems. By using the widely used in vitro model of rat isolated thoracic aortic rings, the vasorelaxant effect of CG were studied. Furthermore, we assessed the chronic hypotensive effect of CG on spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and further to explore the potential mechanisms of its antihypertensive activity. Data in the present study demonstrated that oral treatment with CG could induce a potent antihypertensive effect. CG could reduce the intima-media thickness (IMT) of thoracic aorta significantly and increase the serum NO and H2S levels. In addition, the present results indicated that CG played a critical protective role against pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy. CG not only inhibited the development of cardiac hypertrophy but also improved ventricular function. In vitro, the results showed that CG induced relaxation in rat aortic rings through an endothelium-dependent pathway mediated by NO/cGMP, CO/HO and H2S/CSE systems. Taken together, the present study demonstrated that CG could induce a potent antihypertensive effect that was partly due to the improvement of endothelial function. Also CG played a critical protective role against pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy. In addition, CG could induce relaxation in rat aortic rings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Qu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jingze Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Logistics College of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin 300162, China
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Logistics College of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin 300162, China
| | - Hanhan Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Liqin Huo
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hongfa Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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Umemoto S, Ogihara T, Matsuzaki M, Rakugi H, Ohashi Y, Saruta T. Effects of calcium channel blocker-based combinations on intra-individual blood pressure variability: post hoc analysis of the COPE trial. Hypertens Res 2015; 39:46-53. [PMID: 26490089 PMCID: PMC4709460 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2015.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Visit-to-visit blood pressure (BP) variability is an important predictor of stroke. However, which antihypertensive drug combination is better at reducing visit-to-visit BP variability and therefore at reducing stroke incidence remains uncertain. We have previously reported that the dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker benidipine combined with a β-blocker appeared to be less beneficial in reducing the risk of stroke than a combination of benidipine and thiazide. Here, we further compare the visit-to-visit BP variability among three benidipine-based regimens, namely angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB), β-blocker and thiazide combinations. The present post hoc analysis included 2983 patients without cardiovascular events or death during the first 18 months after randomization. We compared the BP variability (defined as the s.d. and the coefficient of variation (CV)), maximum systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) of the clinic mean on-treatment BPs obtained at 6-month intervals, starting 6 months after the treatment initiation, among the 3 treatments (ARB, n=1026; β-blocker, n=966; thiazide, n=991). During the first 6–36 months after randomization, both the s.d. and CV-BPs were lower in the benidipine–thiazide group than in the benidipine–β-blocker group (s.d.-SBP, P=0.019; s.d.-DBP, P=0.030; CV-SBP, P=0.012; CV-DBP, P=0.022). The s.d. and CV in the ARB group did not reach statistical significance compared with the other two groups. The maximum BPs did not differ among the three treatments. These findings suggest that the benidipine–thiazide combination may reduce visit-to-visit BP variability more than the benidipine–β-blocker combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Umemoto
- Center for Clinical Research, Yamaguchi University Hospital, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Toshio Ogihara
- Morinomiya University of Medical Sciences, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Geriatric Medicine and Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Hiromi Rakugi
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuo Ohashi
- Department of Integrated Science and Engineering for Sustainable Society, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan
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Avila-Villarreal G, Hernández-Abreu O, Hidalgo-Figueroa S, Navarrete-Vázquez G, Escalante-Erosa F, Peña-Rodríguez LM, Villalobos-Molina R, Estrada-Soto S. Antihypertensive and vasorelaxant effects of dihydrospinochalcone-A isolated from Lonchocarpus xuul Lundell by NO production: computational and ex vivo approaches. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 20:1241-1246. [PMID: 23880329 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2013.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 05/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Current work was conducted to evaluate the vasorelaxant effect of dihydrospinochalcone-A (1) and isocordoin (2), compounds type chalcone isolated from Lonchocarpus xuul, an endemic tree of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. Compounds 1 and 2 were found to induce significant relaxant effect in a concentration-dependent manner on aortic rat rings pre-contracted with noradrenaline (NA, 0.1 μM). Compound 1 was the most active and its effect was endothelium-dependent (Emax=79.67% and EC50=21.46 μM with endothelium and Emax=23.58% and EC50=91.8 μM without endothelium, respectively). The functional mechanism of action for 1 was elucidated. Pre-incubation with L-NAME (unspecific nitric oxide synthase inhibitor), indomethacin (unspecific COX inhibitor), ODQ (soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor), atropine (cholinergic receptor antagonist), TEA (unspecific potassium channel blocker) reduced relaxations induced by 1. Oral administration of 50 mg/kg of compound 1 exhibited significant decrease in diastolic and systolic blood pressure in SHR rats. The heart rate was not modified. Compound 1 was docked with a crystal structure of eNOS. Dihydrospinochalcone-A showed calculated affinity with eNOS in the C1 binding pockets, near the catalytic site; Trp449, Trp447 and His373 through aromatic and π-π interactions, also His463 and Arg367 are the residues that make hydrogen bonds with the carbonyl and hydroxyl groups. In conclusion, dihydrospinochalcone-A induces a significant antihypertensive effect due to its direct vasorelaxant action on rat aorta rings, through NO/sCG/PKG pathway and potassium channel opening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Avila-Villarreal
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, Colonia Chamilpa, 62209 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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Effects of a benidipine-based combination therapy on the risk of stroke according to stroke subtype: the COPE trial. Hypertens Res 2013; 36:1088-95. [PMID: 23985703 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2013.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The Combination Therapy of Hypertension to Prevent Cardiovascular Events (COPE) trial compared the dihydropyridine T/L-type calcium channel blocker benidipine-based therapies when combined with an angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB), a β-blocker (BB) or a thiazide diuretic (TD). The results suggested that benidipine combined with a BB appeared to be less beneficial in reducing the risk of stroke compared with the benidipine-TD combination (hazard ratio (HR): 2.31, P=0.0109). We further evaluated the treatment effects on different stroke subtypes among the three benidipine-based regimens. The COPE trial was an investigator-initiated, multicenter study with PROBE design. Patients with atrial fibrillation or flutter were excluded from the study. All stroke events were subclassified with the Trial of Org 10,172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) criteria. The total incidence of stroke was 4.7, hemorrhagic stroke was 1.6 and ischemic stroke was 2.5 per 1000 person-years. The incidence of lacunar stroke was 1.1, large-artery stroke was 0.6, cardioembolic stroke was 0.3, unknown ischemic type was 0.6 and transient ischemic attack was 0.6 per 1000 person-years. Although few differences in stroke subtypes were observed among the three treatment groups, multi-adjusted HRs for the incidence rates of all types of stroke, hemorrhagic stroke and ischemic stroke were significantly higher with the benidipine-BB regimen than with the benidipine-TD regimen. The incidence of both hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke in the benidipine-ARB regimen was not different compared with the other two treatment regimens. This prespecified sub-analysis suggested that a blood pressure-lowering therapy with a benidipine-TD regimen might be beneficial for hypertensive patients to prevent both hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke.
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Shin WS, Oh S, An SW, Park GM, Kwon D, Ham J, Lee S, Park BG. 5E- and 5Z-farnesylacetones from Sargassum siliquastrum as novel selective L-type calcium channel blockers. Vascul Pharmacol 2013; 58:299-306. [PMID: 23416245 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2013.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Revised: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A specific blocker of L-type Ca(2+) channels may be useful in decreasing arterial tone by reducing the open-state probability of L-type Ca(2+) channels. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the farnesylacetones, which are major active constituents of Sargassum siliquastrum, regarding their vasodilatation efficacies, selectivities toward L-type Ca(2+) channels, and in vivo antihypertensive activities. The application of 5E-(farnesylacetone 311) or 5Z-farnesylacetone (farnesylacetone 312) induced concentration-dependent vasodilatation effects on the basilar artery that was pre-contracted with depolarization and showed an ignorable potential role of endothelial-derived nitric oxide. We also tested farnesylacetone 311 or 312 to determine their pharmacological profiles for the blockade of native L-type Ca(2+) channels in basilar arterial smooth muscle cells (BASMCs) and ventricular myocytes (VMCs), cloned L- (α1C/β2a/α2δ), N- (α1B/β1b/α2δ), and T-type Ca(2+) channels (α1G, α1H, and α1I). Farnesylacetone 311 or 312 showed greater selectivity toward the L-type Ca(2+) channels among the tested voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels. The ranked order of the potency for farnesylacetone 311 was cloned α1C≒L-type (BASMC)≒L-type (VMCs)>α1B>α1H>α1I>α1G and that for farnesylacetone 312 was cloned α1C≒L-type (BASMCs)≒L-type (VMCs)>α1H>α1G>α1B>α1I. The oral administration of the farnesylacetone 311 (80mg/kg) conferred potent, long-lasting antihypertensive activity in spontaneous hypertensive rats, but it did not alter the heart rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woon-Seob Shin
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Kwandong University, Gangneung, 210-701, Republic of Korea
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Zhao W, Yu J, Su Q, Liang J, Zhao L, Zhang Y, Sun W. Antihypertensive effects of extract from Picrasma quassiodes (D. Don) Benn. in spontaneously hypertensive rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 145:187-192. [PMID: 23142488 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Revised: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICA RELEVANCE: Picrasma quassiodes (D. Don) Benn. (PQB) is a widely used herbal medicine used for gastroenteritis, snakebite, infection and hypertension in China. The aim of the study was to investigate the possible antihypertensive mechanisms on spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) of the extract from Picrasma quassiodes (D. Don) Benn. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the in vivo study, extract from Picrasma quassiodes (D. Don) Benn. at the dose of 50, 100, 200mg/kg and captopril (12.5mg/kg) were administrated to different group of SHR rats by gavage for six consecutive weeks after the blood pressures were firstly measured. At the end of the study, rats serum nitric oxide (NO) was measured by the nitrate reductase method; superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) activities were measured by the colorimetric method; the expression of aorta endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) was measured by immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS The results showed that the oral administration of PQB could lower the systolic blood pressure (SBP) of SHR rats. In addition, the serum level of NO in SHR treated with PQB (100 and 200mg/kg) was increased dramatically (P<0.05, P<0.01), but administration with captopril had no significant effect. The expression of aorta eNOS was markedly increased when treated with PQB. The serum SOD levels were increased with treatment of PQB (100 and 200mg/kg; P<0.05, P<0.01). All the effects of these parameters were comparable to that of the SHR control group. CONCLUSIONS Our results disclosed that PQB is effective to lower blood pressure of SHR, its antihypertensive effect is probably associated with lowering oxidative stress by reducing SOD activity, preserving endothelial function and increasing the expression of eNOS to regulate NO and directly relax artery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenna Zhao
- Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, PR China
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Rendón-Vallejo P, Hernández-Abreu O, Vergara-Galicia J, Millán-Pacheco C, Mejía A, Ibarra-Barajas M, Estrada-Soto S. Ex vivo study of the vasorelaxant activity induced by phenanthrene derivatives isolated from Maxillaria densa. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2012; 75:2241-2245. [PMID: 23234371 DOI: 10.1021/np300508v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The phenanthrenes gymnopusin (1), fimbriol A (2), and erianthridin (3) from Maxillaria densa were found to induce significant relaxant effects in a concentration-dependent and endothelium-independent manner on aortic rings precontracted with norepinephrine (NE, 0.1 μM) and KCl (80 mM). Compound 1 was the most active and also inhibited the cumulative concentration-response contraction of NE or CaCl(2). Contractions induced by FPL 64176, an agonist of L-type voltage-dependent calcium channels, were blocked by 1. The potassium channel blockers glibenclamide and TEA (tetraethylammonium) reduced the relaxations induced by 1. Nevertheless, the effect of 1 was not modified by 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one, a specific soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor. The functional results obtained suggest that 1 induces relaxation through an endothelium-independent pathway by the control of cationic channels (calcium channel blockade and potassium channel opening) in the myogenic response of rat aortic rings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Rendón-Vallejo
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, Colonia Chamilpa, 62209. Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
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Abstract
BACKGROUND This review is an update of the Cochrane Review published in 2007, which assessed the role of beta-blockade as first-line therapy for hypertension. OBJECTIVES To quantify the effectiveness and safety of beta-blockers on morbidity and mortality endpoints in adults with hypertension. SEARCH METHODS In December 2011 we searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Medline, Embase, and reference lists of previous reviews; for eligible studies published since the previous search we conducted in May 2006. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of at least one year duration, which assessed the effects of beta-blockers compared to placebo or other drugs, as first-line therapy for hypertension, on mortality and morbidity in adults. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We selected studies and extracted data in duplicate. We expressed study results as risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and combined them using the fixed-effects or random-effects method, as appropriate. MAIN RESULTS We included 13 RCTs which compared beta-blockers to placebo (4 trials, N=23,613), diuretics (5 trials, N=18,241), calcium-channel blockers (CCBs: 4 trials, N=44,825), and renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors (3 trials, N=10,828). Three-quarters of the 40,245 participants on beta-blockers used atenolol. Most studies had a high risk of bias; resulting from various limitations in study design, conduct, and data analysis.Total mortality was not significantly different between beta-blockers and placebo (RR 0.99, 95%CI 0.88 to 1.11; I(2)=0%), diuretics or RAS inhibitors, but was higher for beta-blockers compared to CCBs (RR 1.07, 95%CI 1.00 to 1.14; I(2)=2%). Total cardiovascular disease (CVD) was lower for beta-blockers compared to placebo (RR 0.88, 95%CI 0.79 to 0.97; I(2)=21%). This is primarily a reflection of the significant decrease in stroke (RR 0.80, 95%CI 0.66 to 0.96; I(2)=0%), since there was no significant difference in coronary heart disease (CHD) between beta-blockers and placebo. There was no significant difference in withdrawals from assigned treatment due to adverse events between beta-blockers and placebo (RR 1.12, 95%CI 0.82 to 1.54; I(2)=66%).The effect of beta-blockers on CVD was significantly worse than that of CCBs (RR 1.18, 95%CI 1.08-1.29; I(2)=0%), but was not different from that of diuretics or RAS inhibitors. In addition, there was an increase in stroke in beta-blockers compared to CCBs (RR 1.24, 95%CI 1.11-1.40; I(2)=0%) and RAS inhibitors (RR 1.30, 95%CI 1.11 to 1.53; I(2)=29%). However, CHD was not significantly different between beta-blockers and diuretics, CCBs or RAS inhibitors. Participants on beta-blockers were more likely to discontinue treatment due to adverse events than those on RAS inhibitors (RR 1.41, 95% CI 1.29 to 1.54; I(2)=12%), but there was no significant difference with diuretics or CCBs. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Initiating treatment of hypertension with beta-blockers leads to modest reductions in cardiovascular disease and no significant effects on mortality. These effects of beta-blockers are inferior to those of other antihypertensive drugs. The GRADE quality of this evidence is low, implying that the true effect of beta-blockers may be substantially different from the estimate of effects found in this review. Further research should be of high quality and should explore whether there are differences between different sub-types of beta-blockers or whether beta-blockers have differential effects on younger and elderly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Shey Wiysonge
- Division of Medical Microbiology & Institute of Infectious Disease andMolecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory,South Africa.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND This review is an update of the Cochrane Review published in 2007, which assessed the role of beta-blockade as first-line therapy for hypertension. OBJECTIVES To quantify the effectiveness and safety of beta-blockers on morbidity and mortality endpoints in adults with hypertension. SEARCH METHODS In December 2011 we searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Medline, Embase, and reference lists of previous reviews; for eligible studies published since the previous search we conducted in May 2006. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of at least one year duration, which assessed the effects of beta-blockers compared to placebo or other drugs, as first-line therapy for hypertension, on mortality and morbidity in adults. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We selected studies and extracted data in duplicate. We expressed study results as risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and combined them using the fixed-effects or random-effects method, as appropriate. MAIN RESULTS We included 13 RCTs which compared beta-blockers to placebo (4 trials, N=23,613), diuretics (5 trials, N=18,241), calcium-channel blockers (CCBs: 4 trials, N=44,825), and renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors (3 trials, N=10,828). Three-quarters of the 40,245 participants on beta-blockers used atenolol. Most studies had a high risk of bias; resulting from various limitations in study design, conduct, and data analysis.Total mortality was not significantly different between beta-blockers and placebo (RR 0.99, 95%CI 0.88 to 1.11; I(2)=0%), diuretics or RAS inhibitors, but was higher for beta-blockers compared to CCBs (RR 1.07, 95%CI 1.00 to 1.14; I(2)=2%). Total cardiovascular disease (CVD) was lower for beta-blockers compared to placebo (RR 0.88, 95%CI 0.79 to 0.97; I(2)=21%). This is primarily a reflection of the significant decrease in stroke (RR 0.80, 95%CI 0.66 to 0.96; I(2)=0%), since there was no significant difference in coronary heart disease (CHD) between beta-blockers and placebo. There was no significant difference in withdrawals from assigned treatment due to adverse events between beta-blockers and placebo (RR 1.12, 95%CI 0.82 to 1.54; I(2)=66%).The effect of beta-blockers on CVD was significantly worse than that of CCBs (RR 1.18, 95%CI 1.08-1.29; I(2)=0%), but was not different from that of diuretics or RAS inhibitors. In addition, there was an increase in stroke in beta-blockers compared to CCBs (RR 1.24, 95%CI 1.11-1.40; I(2)=0%) and RAS inhibitors (RR 1.30, 95%CI 1.11 to 1.53; I(2)=29%). However, CHD was not significantly different between beta-blockers and diuretics, CCBs or RAS inhibitors. Participants on beta-blockers were more likely to discontinue treatment due to adverse events than those on RAS inhibitors (RR 1.41, 95% CI 1.29 to 1.54; I(2)=12%), but there was no significant difference with diuretics or CCBs. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Initiating treatment of hypertension with beta-blockers leads to modest reductions in cardiovascular disease and no significant effects on mortality. These effects of beta-blockers are inferior to those of other antihypertensive drugs. The GRADE quality of this evidence is low, implying that the true effect of beta-blockers may be substantially different from the estimate of effects found in this review. Further research should be of high quality and should explore whether there are differences between different sub-types of beta-blockers or whether beta-blockers have differential effects on younger and elderly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Shey Wiysonge
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine & Division of Medical Microbiology, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, South Africa, 7925
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Links Between Hypertension and Osteoporosis: Benidipine Ameliorates Osteoporosis in Ovariectomized Hypertensive Rats Through Promotion of Osteoblast Proliferation and Inhibition of Osteoclast Differentiation. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR RISK REPORTS 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12170-012-0248-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Combination therapy for hypertension in the elderly: a sub-analysis of the Combination Therapy of Hypertension to Prevent Cardiovascular Events (COPE) Trial. Hypertens Res 2012; 35:441-8. [DOI: 10.1038/hr.2011.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Veeramani C, Al-Numair KS, Chandramohan G, Alsaif MA, Pugalendi KV. Protective effect of Melothria maderaspatana leaf fraction on electrolytes, catecholamines, endothelial nitric oxide synthase and endothelin-1 peptide in uninephrectomized deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt hypertensive rats. J Nat Med 2012; 66:535-43. [PMID: 22246664 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-011-0621-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the protective effect of ethyl acetate fraction of Melothria maderaspatana (EAFM) leaf on electrolytes, catecholamines, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) peptide in uninephrectomized deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertensive rats. Administration of DOCA-salt significantly increased the systolic and diastolic blood pressure and treatment with EAFM significantly lowered the blood pressure. In DOCA-salt rats, the levels of sodium and chloride increased significantly while potassium level decreased and administration of EAFM brought these parameters to normality. The levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine increased significantly in DOCA-salt rats and administration of EAFM significantly decreased these parameters to normality. DOCA-salt hypertensive rats exhibited significantly decreased L: -arginine and nitrite + nitrate levels and administration of EAFM brought these parameters to normality. DOA-salt hypertensive rats showed down-regulation of eNOS and up-regulation of ET-1 protein expressions in heart and kidney, and treatment with EAFM prevented down-regulation of eNOS and significantly down-regulated the ET-1 protein expressions. In conclusion, EAFM provides good blood pressure control by enhancing potassium and decreasing sodium levels, decreasing levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine, and preventing down-regulation of eNOS and significantly down-regulating ET-1 protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinnadurai Veeramani
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, PO Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
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Ohtani K, Usui S, Kaneko S, Takashima SI, Kitano K, Yamamoto K, Okajima M, Furusho H, Takamura M. Benidipine reduces ischemia reperfusion-induced systemic oxidative stress through suppression of aldosterone production in mice. Hypertens Res 2011; 35:287-94. [PMID: 22113355 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2011.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Aldosterone is implicated in the pathogenesis of several cardiovascular diseases, including ischemia reperfusion (I/R) and myocardial infarction, and also causes oxidative stress and inflammation in cardiovascular systems. Benidipine, a long-acting T- and L-type calcium channel blocker, reduces infarct size following myocardial I/R in rabbits. Benidipine also inhibits the production of aldosterone in vitro. However, the precise mechanism of this phenomenon in vivo remains unknown. We therefore evaluated whether benedipine has a beneficial role through the regulation of oxidative stress in myocardial I/R. C57BL/6J mice were subjected to 30 min of left ascending coronary I/R. Benidipine was administered orally at 3 mg kg(-1) daily for 3 weeks without any changes in hemodynamic variables. Benidipine significantly reduced infarction size (13.4±2.5%) compared with controls (25.5±3.6%). Urinary 8-hydroxy-2' deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), a marker of oxidative DNA damage, increased significantly after I/R. I/R induced increases in 8-OHdG were significantly lower with benidipine. Local myocardial 8-OHdG was also elevated in I/R, but this augmentation was significantly suppressed with benidipine. The plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) significantly increased 2 days after I/R and remained elevated at least 7 days after I/R. Treatment with benidipine significantly decreased I/R-induced elevation of the PAC. I/R-induced markers of fibrosis in hearts also reduced in benidipine. These results suggest that the administration of benidipine reduces myocardial infarct size as well as systemic oxidative stress after I/R. These phenomena are partially linked to reduced plasma aldosterone levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Ohtani
- Department of Disease Control and Homeostasis, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
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Antihypertensive effect of Melothria maderaspatana leaf fractions on DOCA-salt-induced hypertensive rats and identification of compounds by GC–MS analysis. J Nat Med 2011; 66:302-10. [DOI: 10.1007/s11418-011-0590-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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SUN T, LIU R, CAO YX. Vasorelaxant and antihypertensive effects of formononetin through endothelium-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2011; 32:1009-18. [PMID: 21818108 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2011.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the mechanisms underlying the vasorelaxant effect of formononetin, an O-methylated isoflavone, in isolated arteries, and its antihypertensive activity in vivo. METHODS Arterial rings of superior mesenteric arteries, renal arteries, cerebral basilar arteries, coronary arteries and abdominal aortas were prepared from SD rats. Isometric tension of the arterial rings was recorded using a myograph system. Arterial pressure was measured using tail-cuff method in spontaneously hypertensive rats. RESULTS Formononetin (1-300 μmol/L) elicited relaxation in arteries of the five regions that were pre-contracted by KCl (60 mmol/L), U46619 (1 μmol/L) or phenylephrine (10 μmol/L). The formononetin-induced relaxation was reduced by removal of endothelium or by pretreatment with L-NAME (100 μmol/L). Under conditions of endothelium denudation, formononetin (10, 30, and 100 μmol/L) inhibited the contraction induced by KCl and that induced by CaCl(2) in Ca(2+)-free depolarized medium. In the absence of extracellular Ca(2+), formononetin (10, 30, and 100 μmol/L) depressed the constriction caused by phenylephrine (10 μmol/L), but did not inhibit the tonic contraction in response to the addition of CaCl(2) (2 mmol/L). The contraction caused by caffeine (30 mmol/L) was not inhibited by formononetin (100 μmol/L). Formononetin (10 and 100 μmol/L) reduced the change rate of Ca(2+)-fluorescence intensity in response to KCl (50 mmol/L). In spontaneously hypertensive rats, formononetin (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg) slowly lowered the systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressure. CONCLUSION Formononetin causes vasodilatation via two pathways: (1) endothelium-independent pathway, probably due to inhibition of voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channels and intracellular Ca(2+) release; and (2) endothelium-dependent pathway by releasing NO. Both the pathways may contribute to its antihypertensive effect.
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Prevention of cardiovascular events with calcium channel blocker-based combination therapies in patients with hypertension. J Hypertens 2011; 29:1649-59. [DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0b013e328348345d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Benavente OR, White CL, Pearce L, Pergola P, Roldan A, Benavente MF, Coffey C, McClure LA, Szychowski JM, Conwit R, Heberling PA, Howard G, Bazan C, Vidal-Pergola G, Talbert R, Hart RG. The Secondary Prevention of Small Subcortical Strokes (SPS3) study. Int J Stroke 2011; 6:164-75. [PMID: 21371282 PMCID: PMC4214141 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-4949.2010.00573.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small subcortical strokes, also known as lacunar strokes, comprise more than 25% of brain infarcts, and the underlying vasculopathy is the most common cause of vascular cognitive impairment. How to optimally prevent stroke recurrence and cognitive decline in S3 patients is unclear. The aim of the Secondary Prevention of Small Subcortical Strokes study (Trial registration: NCT00059306) is to define strategies for reducing stroke recurrence, cognitive decline, and major vascular events. METHODS Secondary Prevention of Small Subcortical Strokes is a randomised, multicentre clinical trial (n = 3000) being conducted in seven countries, and sponsored by the US NINDS/NIH. Patients with symptomatic small subcortical strokes in the six-months before and an eligible lesion on magnetic resonance imaging are simultaneously randomised, in a 2 × 2 factorial design, to antiplatelet therapy--325 mg aspirin daily plus 75 mg clopidogrel daily, vs. 325 mg aspirin daily plus placebo, double-blind--and to one of two levels of systolic blood pressure targets--'intensive' (<130 mmHg) vs. 'usual' (130-149 mmHg). Participants are followed for an average of four-years. Time to recurrent stroke (ischaemic or haemorrhagic) is the primary outcome and will be analysed separately for each intervention. The secondary outcomes are the rate of cognitive decline and major vascular events. The primary and most secondary outcomes are adjudicated centrally by those unaware of treatment assignment. CONCLUSIONS Secondary Prevention of Small Subcortical Strokes will address several important clinical and scientific questions by testing two interventions in patients with recent magnetic resonance imaging-defined lacunar infarcts, which are likely due to small vessel disease. The results will inform the management of millions of patients with this common vascular disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar R. Benavente
- Department of Medicine, Brain Research Center, Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Carole L. White
- School of Nursing, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Pablo Pergola
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ana Roldan
- Department of Medicine, Brain Research Center, Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Marie-France Benavente
- Department of Medicine, Brain Research Center, Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Leslie A. McClure
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jeff M. Szychowski
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Robin Conwit
- NINDS, Office of Clinical Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Patricia A. Heberling
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - George Howard
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Carlos Bazan
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Gabriela Vidal-Pergola
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Robert Talbert
- College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Robert G. Hart
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Abstract
The multiple-target AMO technology or MT-AMO technology is an innovative strategy, which confers on a single AMO fragment the capability of targeting multiple miRNAs. This modified AMO is single-stranded 2'-O-methyl-modified oligoribonucleotides carrying multiple AMO units, which are engineered into a single unit and are able to simultaneously silence multiple-target miRNAs or multiple miRNA seed families. Studies suggest that the MT-AMO is an improved approach for miRNA target finding and miRNA function validation; it not only enhances the effectiveness of targeting miRNAs but also confers diversity of actions. It has been successfully used to identify target genes and cellular function of several oncogenic miRNAs and of the muscle-specific miRNAs (Lu et al., Nucleic Acids Res 37:e24-e33, 2009). This novel strategy may find its broad application as a useful tool in miRNA research for exploring biological processes involving multiple miRNAs and multiple genes, and the potential as an miRNA therapy for human disease such as cancer and cardiac disorders. This technology was developed by my research laboratory in collaboration with Yang's group (Lu et al., Nucleic Acids Res 37:e24-e33, 2009), and it is similar but distinct from the miRNA Sponge technology developed by Sharp's laboratory in 2007 (Ebert et al., Nat Methods 4:721-726, 2007) and modified by Gentner et al. (Nat Methods 6:63-66, 2009).
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View of physicians on and barriers to patient enrollment in a multicenter clinical trial: experience in a Japanese rural area. Int Arch Med 2010; 3:7. [PMID: 20525325 PMCID: PMC2893519 DOI: 10.1186/1755-7682-3-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2010] [Accepted: 06/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Clinical trials in the general practice setting are important for providing evidence on the effectiveness and safety of different agents under various conditions. In conducting these trials, the participation of physicians and patient recruitment are important issues. Various investigations in the literature have reported views and attitudes of physicians on various types of clinical trials. Nevertheless, there is still little information concerning physicians participating in a clinical trial and among them, those who could not recruit any patients (unsuccessful physician recruiters). Methods In 2003, we collaborated in a large-scale multicenter study of Japanese hypertensive patients (COPE Trial). In Tokushima University Hospital and 18 other medical institutions, we investigated the views and attitudes of unsuccessful physician recruiters in comparison with successful physician recruiters, using a questionnaire. Results The questionnaire was provided by mail to 47 physicians and 27 (57%) responded. The response rate was 79% for successful physician recruiters compared to 43% (P = 0.014) for unsuccessful physician recruiters. More successful physician recruiters (73%) than unsuccessful physician recruiters (42%) stated they had participated and enrolled patients in previous multicenter clinical trials. A significantly higher number of successful physician recruiters than unsuccessful physician recruiters (42%; P = 0.040) considered the presence of a support system with clinical research coordinators (CRC) as the reason for participation (80%). A large number of unsuccessful physician recruiters experienced difficulty in obtaining informed consent (67%), whereas a significantly smaller number of successful physician recruiters experienced such difficulty (20%; P = 0.014). The difficulties experienced by unsuccessful physician recruiters in the trial were as follows: inability to find possible participants (100%), difficulty in obtaining informed consent (58%), cumbersome procedures (58%), difficulty in long-term follow up (33%), and insufficient tools for explanation and obtaining informed consent (8%). Conclusion This survey showed that successful physician recruiters consider a support system with CRC of value, and that they are skillful in obtaining informed consent. These views and attitudes may have originated from past experience involving clinical trials. In this regard, we need to develop an infrastructure to enlighten physicians on this support system for the promotion of clinical trials.
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Vasorelaxant and antihypertensive effects of methanolic extract from roots of Laelia anceps are mediated by calcium-channel antagonism. Fitoterapia 2009; 81:350-7. [PMID: 19879929 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2009.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2009] [Revised: 10/12/2009] [Accepted: 10/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
RMELanc-induced relaxation in aortic rings precontracted with NE, 5-HT and KCl. It also reduced NE-induced transient contraction in Ca(2+)-free solution and inhibited contraction induced by increasing external calcium. Nevertheless, the vasorelaxant effect of RMELanc was not reduced by ODQ, 1-alprenolol, TEA, glibenclamide, and 2-AP. Oral administration of 100 mg/kg of RMELanc exhibited a significant decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressures in SHR rats. HPLC analysis allowed us to detect the presence of 2,7-dihydroxy-3,4,9-trimethoxyphenantrene (1), which induced a significant relaxation effect. Therefore, our results suggest that RMELanc induces vasorelaxant and antihypertensive effects by blockade of Ca(2+) channels.
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Vergara-Galicia J, Ortiz-Andrade R, Castillo-España P, Ibarra-Barajas M, Gallardo-Ortiz I, Villalobos-Molina R, Estrada-Soto S. Antihypertensive and vasorelaxant activities of Laelia autumnalis are mainly through calcium channel blockade. Vascul Pharmacol 2008; 49:26-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2008.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2007] [Revised: 04/09/2008] [Accepted: 04/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Haller H. Effective management of hypertension with dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker-based combination therapy in patients at high cardiovascular risk. Int J Clin Pract 2008; 62:781-90. [PMID: 18355239 PMCID: PMC2324209 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2008.01713.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of hypertension, owing to modern lifestyles and the increasing elderly population, is contributing to the global burden of cardiovascular (CV) disease. Although effective antihypertensive therapies are available, blood pressure (BP) is generally poorly controlled. In addition, the full benefits of antihypertensive therapy can only be realised when target BP is achieved. International guidelines and clinical trial evidence support the use of combination therapy to manage hypertension. In high-risk patients, such as those with coronary artery disease, diabetes and renal dysfunction, BP targets are lower and there is a need for intensive management with combination therapy to control BP and provide additional CV risk reduction benefits. Combinations of antihypertensive agents with different but complementary modes of action improve BP control and may also provide vascular-protective effects. Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) have been shown to be effective in combination with a range of antihypertensive drugs and in different patient populations. As part of a first-line combination strategy, CCBs can provide CV benefits beyond BP control, even in patients at increased CV risk. Benefits include protection against end-organ damage and serious CV events. Indeed, in major intervention trials, these benefits have already been clearly demonstrated. Ongoing studies will provide further data to support the clinical benefits of combination therapy as a first-line treatment approach. Implementation of this approach in clinical practice, together with adherence to global hypertension management guidelines will help ensure patients achieve and sustain BP targets, and reduce the risk of CV events.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Haller
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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Abstract
The current obesity epidemic is fuelled by the availability of highly palatable, calorie-dense food, and the low requirement for physical activity in our modern environment. If energy intake exceeds energy use, the excess calories are stored as body fat. Although the body has mechanisms that act to maintain body weight over time, they primarily defend against starvation and are less robust in preventing the development of obesity. Knowledge of this homeostatic system that controls body weight has increased exponentially over the last decade and has revealed new possibilities for the treatment of obesity and its associated comorbidities. One therapeutic target is the development of agents based on the gastrointestinal hormones that control appetite. This review discusses the hormones oxyntomodulin, peptide YY, glucagon-like peptide 1, pancreatic polypeptide, and ghrelin and their emerging potential as anti-obesity treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owais B Chaudhri
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Imperial College London, 6th Floor Commonwealth Building, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Rd., London W12 0NN, UK
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Pérgola PE, White CL, Graves JW, Coffey CS, Tonarelli SB, Hart RG, Benavente OR. Reliability and validity of blood pressure measurement in the Secondary Prevention of Small Subcortical Strokes study. Blood Press Monit 2007; 12:1-8. [PMID: 17303981 PMCID: PMC3970705 DOI: 10.1097/mbp.0b013e3280858d5b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The Secondary Prevention of Small Subcortical Strokes study is a multicenter, international trial funded by the National Institutes of Health testing the role of lowering systolic blood pressure to <130 mmHg in the prevention of stroke recurrence and cognitive decline in patients with recent symptomatic small subcortical stroke. Reliable and unbiased blood pressure measurement is critical to successful completion of the trial. METHODS We looked at the reliability and validity of both the device used for blood pressure measurement and observer performance during measurement to assess the quality of blood pressure determination in the study. The Colin 8800C blood pressure device was tested for performance to Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation standards and for presence of skipped digits. Observer performance was tested by examining adherence to the Secondary Prevention of Small Subcortical Strokes protocol. RESULTS The mean difference (in mmHg) between the Colin device and the average of the two observers was 3.9 (SD 6.7) and -2.1 (SD 6.1) for systolic and diastolic pressures respectively, thereby meeting Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation requirements. No skipped digits were found between 82-230 and 40-120 mmHg for systolic and diastolic pressures, respectively. Observer performance was excellent with greater than 90% of patients having blood pressure measured consistently according to the protocol. CONCLUSIONS Device and observer performance in Secondary Prevention of Small Subcortical Strokes is excellent. Interpretation of the Secondary Prevention of Small Subcortical Strokes data for the effect of lowering systolic blood pressure on patient outcomes will not likely be adversely affected by these factors. Accuracy will be monitored throughout the remainder of the trial to ensure that this high quality is maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo E. Pérgola
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Carole L. White
- Division of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - John W. Graves
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Christopher S. Coffey
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Silvina B. Tonarelli
- Division of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Robert G. Hart
- Division of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Oscar R. Benavente
- Division of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
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OHISHI M, TAKAGI T, ITO N, TERAI M, TATARA Y, HAYASHI N, SHIOTA A, KATSUYA T, RAKUGI H, OGIHARA T. Renal-Protective Effect of T- and L-Type Calcium Channel Blockers in Hypertensive Patients: An Amlodipine-to-Benidipine Changeover (ABC) Study. Hypertens Res 2007; 30:797-806. [DOI: 10.1291/hypres.30.797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Abstract
Hypertension is a multifactorial disorder leading to pathophysiologic changes in target organs over time through diverse mechanisms. In addition, hypertension frequently resists control with monotherapy, necessitating combination therapy with two or more antihypertensive agents. Many currently available fixed-dose antihypertensive combinations combine drugs with different, but complementary, mechanisms of action to improve overall efficacy and tolerability. In addition, it is possible to select drug combinations whereby one drug offsets the negative effects of the other drug. Fixed-dose antihypertensive combinations may provide significant advantages over high-dose monotherapy, such as improved BP-lowering efficacy, reduced adverse event frequency, improved patient compliance, potentially lower treatment costs, and shorter time to BP control. Combination therapy has been recommended as potential first-line therapy in recent consensus guideline statements, especially for higher-risk patients, such as those with stage 2 hypertension. The combination of a renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system-targeting agent, such as an ACE inhibitor or angiotensin II receptor antagonist (ARB), and a diuretic or calcium channel antagonist appears to provide synergy with regard to BP lowering. In addition, ACE inhibitors and ARBs have demonstrated beneficial effects beyond BP reduction, reducing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, inhibiting development and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus and the progression of renal disease. Preliminary studies of fixed-dose combinations have shown reductions in left ventricular hypertrophy and improvements in markers of renal function. Additional studies currently underway will compare the effects of available fixed-dose combinations on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and markers of renal dysfunction.
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Zhang H, Thijs L, Staessen JA. Blood pressure lowering for primary and secondary prevention of stroke. Hypertension 2006; 48:187-95. [PMID: 16818805 DOI: 10.1161/01.hyp.0000231939.40959.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Zhang
- Studies Coordinating Centre, Division of Hypertension and Cardiovascular Rehabilitation, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Campus Gasthuisberg, University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, Box 702, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Estrada-Soto S, Villalobos-Molina R, Aguirre-Crespo F, Vergara-Galicia J, Moreno-Díaz H, Torres-Piedra M, Navarrete-Vázquez G. Relaxant activity of 2-(substituted phenyl)-1H-benzimidazoles on isolated rat aortic rings. Life Sci 2006; 79:430-5. [PMID: 16487544 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2006.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2005] [Revised: 11/24/2005] [Accepted: 01/16/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The relaxant activity of 2-(o, p-substituted phenyl)-1H-benzimidazole derivatives with various 5- and 6-position substituents (-H, -CH3, -NO2, -CF3), namely 1-7, was recorded using the in vitro rat aorta ring test. Compounds 3 and 6 [2-(5-nitro-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)phenol and 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-nitro-1H-benzimidazole] were prepared using a short route, and were the most potent compounds of the series, showing IC50 value of 0.95 and 1.41 (with endothelium) and 2.01 and 3.61 microM (without endothelium), respectively. Studying further structure-activity relationships through the use of bioisosteric substitution in these benzimidazole derivatives should provide novel vasorelaxant leads and possibly against hypertensive diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Estrada-Soto
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mor. 62210, México
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