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Valente V, Izzo R, Manzi MV, De Luca MR, Barbato E, Morisco C. Modulation of insulin resistance by renin angiotensin system inhibitors: implications for cardiovascular prevention. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 2021; 91. [PMID: 33792231 DOI: 10.4081/monaldi.2021.1602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) and the related hyperinsulinamia play a key role in the genesis and progression of the continuum of cardiovascular (CV) disease. Thus, it is reasonable to pursue in primary and secondary CV prevention, the pharmacological strategies that are capable to interfere with the development of IR. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of IR. In particular, angiotensin II (Ang II) through the generation of reactive oxygen species, induces a low grade of inflammation, which impairs the insulin signal transduction. The angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are effective not only as blood pressure-lowering agents, but also as modulators of metabolic abnormalities. Indeed, experimental evidence indicates that in animal models of IR, ACE inhibitors are capable to ameliorate the insulin sensitivity. The Ang II receptor blockers (ARBs) modulate the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ activity. PPARâ€"γ is a transcription factor that controls the gene expression of several key enzymes of glucose metabolism. A further mechanism that accounts for the favorable metabolic properties of ARBs is the capability to modulate the hypothalamicâ€"pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. The available clinical evidence is consistent with the concept that both ACE inhibitors and ARBs are able to interfere with the development of IR and its consequences like type 2 diabetes. In addition, pharmacological inhibition of the RAAS has favourable effects on dyslipidaemias, metabolic syndrome and obesity. Therefore, the pharmacological antagonism of the RAAS, nowadays, represents the first choice in the prevention of cardio-metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Valente
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Italy.
| | - Raffaele Izzo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Italy.
| | - Maria Virginia Manzi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Italy.
| | | | - Emanuele Barbato
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Italy.
| | - Carmine Morisco
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Italy.
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2
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Watanabe T, Sato K. Roles of the kisspeptin/GPR54 system in pathomechanisms of atherosclerosis. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 30:889-895. [PMID: 32409274 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Kisspeptin-10 (KP-10), a potent vasoconstrictor and inhibitor of angiogenesis, and its receptor, GPR54, have currently received much attention with respect to atherosclerosis, since both KP-10 and GPR54 are expressed at high levels in atheromatous plaques and restenotic lesions after wire-injury. The present review introduces the emerging roles of the KP-10/GPR54 system in atherosclerosis. DATA SYNTHESIS KP-10 suppresses migration and proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and induces senescence in HUVECs. KP-10 increases adhesion of human monocytes to HUVECs. KP-10 also stimulates expression of interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and E-selectin genes in HUVECs. KP-10 enhances oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced foam cell formation associated with upregulation of CD36 and acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase-1 in human monocyte-derived macrophages. In human aortic smooth muscle cells, KP-10 suppresses angiotensin II-induced migration and proliferation, however, it enhances apoptosis and activities of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 by upregulation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, p38, Bax, and caspase-3. Four-week-infusion of KP-10 into Apoe-/- mice accelerates development of aortic atherosclerotic lesions with increased monocyte/macrophage infiltration and vascular inflammation, also, it decreases intraplaque vascular smooth muscle cell content. Proatherosclerotic effects of endogenous and exogenous KP-10 were completely attenuated upon infusion of P234, a GPR54 antagonist, in Apoe-/- mice. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that KP-10 may contribute to acceleration of progression and to the instability of atheromatous plaques, leading to rupture of plaques. This GPR54 antagonist may be useful for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis. Thus, the KP-10/GPR54 system may serve as a novel therapeutic target for atherosclerotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Watanabe
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Internal Medicine, Ushioda General Hospital/Clinic, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Kengo Sato
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
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3
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Zhao H, Li T, Zhao Y, Tan T, Liu C, Liu Y, Chang L, Huang N, Li C, Fan Y, Yu Y, Li R, Qiao J. Single-Cell Transcriptomics of Human Oocytes: Environment-Driven Metabolic Competition and Compensatory Mechanisms During Oocyte Maturation. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:542-559. [PMID: 29486586 PMCID: PMC6338670 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The mechanisms coordinating maturation with an environment-driven metabolic shift, a critical step in determining the developmental potential of human in vitro maturation (IVM) oocytes, remain to be elucidated. Here we explored the key genes regulating human oocyte maturation using single-cell RNA sequencing and illuminated the compensatory mechanism from a metabolic perspective by analyzing gene expression. RESULTS Three key genes that encode CoA-related enzymes were screened from the RNA sequencing data. Two of them, ACAT1 and HADHA, were closely related to the regulation of substrate production in the Krebs cycle. Dysfunction of the Krebs cycle was induced by decreases in the activity of specific enzymes. Furthermore, the activator of these enzymes, the calcium concentration, was also decreased because of the failure of influx of exogenous calcium. Although release of endogenous calcium from the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria met the requirement for maturation, excessive release resulted in aneuploidy and developmental incompetence. High nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase expression induced NADPH dehydrogenation to compensate for the NADH shortage resulting from the dysfunction of the Krebs cycle. Importantly, high NADP+ levels activated DPYD to enhance the repair of DNA double-strand breaks to maintain euploidy. INNOVATION The present study shows for the first time that exposure to the in vitro environment can lead to the decline of energy metabolism in human oocytes during maturation but that a compensatory action maintains their developmental competence. CONCLUSION In vitro maturation of human oocytes is mediated through a cascade of competing and compensatory actions driven by genes encoding enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongcui Zhao
- 1 Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing, China
| | - Tianjie Li
- 1 Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- 1 Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing, China
| | - Tao Tan
- 1 Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing, China .,2 Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming, China
| | - Changyu Liu
- 1 Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing, China
| | - Yali Liu
- 3 Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Chang
- 1 Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing, China
| | - Ning Huang
- 1 Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing, China
| | - Chang Li
- 2 Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming, China
| | - Yong Fan
- 1 Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing, China .,3 Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Yu
- 1 Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing, China
| | - Rong Li
- 1 Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing, China
| | - Jie Qiao
- 1 Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing, China
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Neggazi S, Hamlat N, Canaple L, Gauthier K, Samarut J, Bricca G, Aouichat-Bouguerra S, Beylot M. TRα inhibits arterial renin-angiotensin system expression and prevents cholesterol accumulation in vascular smooth muscle cells. ANNALES D'ENDOCRINOLOGIE 2018; 80:89-95. [PMID: 30292450 DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The tissue renin-angiotensin system (tRAS) plays a key role in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis but is also implicated in atherosclerosis. Thyroid hormone (TH) contributes, via genomic effects, to control of tRAS gene expression in the arterial wall and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). We investigated the specific functions of TH receptors-α and -β (TRα and TRβ) on tRAS gene expression in the aorta and VSMCs, and the potential protective effect of TRα against atherosclerosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Using aorta and cultured aortic VSMCs from TRα and TRβ deficient mice, tRAS gene expression was analyzed by determining mRNA levels on real-time PCR. Gene regulation under cholesterol loading mimicking atherosclerosis conditions was also examined in VSMCs in vitro. RESULTS TRα deletion significantly increased expression of angiotensinogen (AGT) and angiotensin II receptor type 1 subtype a (AT1Ra) at transcriptional level in aorta, a tissue with high TRα expression level. TRα activity thus seems to be required for maintenance of physiological levels of AGTand AT1Raexpression in the arterial wall. In addition, during cholesterol loading, TRα deletion significantly increased cholesterol content in VSMCs, with a weaker decrease in AGTexpression. CONCLUSION TRα seems to have an inhibitory impact on AGTand AT1Raexpression, and loss of TRα function in TRα0/0 mice increases tRAS expression in the aortic wall. More importantly, TRα deletion significantly increases VSMC cholesterol content. Our results are consistent with a protective role of TRα against atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia Neggazi
- University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), Faculty of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Biology and Physiology of Organisms (Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology team), BP 32 El Alia, 16111 Bab Ezzouar, Algeria.
| | - Nadjiba Hamlat
- University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), Faculty of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Biology and Physiology of Organisms (Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology team), BP 32 El Alia, 16111 Bab Ezzouar, Algeria.
| | - Laurence Canaple
- CNRS, Inra, University of Lyon, Functional Genomics Institute of Lyon, École normale supérieure de Lyon, 46, avenue d'Italie, 69364 Lyon, France.
| | - Karine Gauthier
- CNRS, Inra, University of Lyon, Functional Genomics Institute of Lyon, École normale supérieure de Lyon, 46, avenue d'Italie, 69364 Lyon, France.
| | - Jacques Samarut
- CNRS, Inra, University of Lyon, Functional Genomics Institute of Lyon, École normale supérieure de Lyon, 46, avenue d'Italie, 69364 Lyon, France.
| | - Giampiero Bricca
- EA 4173, Functional Genomics of Arterial Hypertension, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Souhila Aouichat-Bouguerra
- University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), Faculty of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Biology and Physiology of Organisms (Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology team), BP 32 El Alia, 16111 Bab Ezzouar, Algeria.
| | - Michel Beylot
- Platform ANIPHY, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France.
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5
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Adenosine pretreatment attenuates angiotensin II-mediated p38 MAPK activation in a protein kinase A dependent manner. ASIAN BIOMED 2018. [DOI: 10.2478/abm-2010-0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Adenosine is known as a protective and anti-inflammatory nucleoside. Angiotensin II is the main hormone of the renin-angiotensin system. It is associated with endothelial permeability, recruitment, and activation of the immune cells through induction of inflammatory mediators. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) plays an important role in inflammatory processes mediated by macrophages. Objectives: Investigate whether adenosine pretreatment modulates angiotensin II-induced MMP-9 expression and activation of signaling molecules. Methods: Human monocytic U-937 cells were treated with either adenosine or angiotensin II alone or angiotensin II following a pretreatment with adenosine. Supernatants were analyzed for MMP-9 activity by zymography method. MMP-9 gene expression was analyzed using real-time PCR. Activation of inflammatory mediators IκB-α, NF-κB, JNK, p38 MAPK, and STAT3 were analyzed by a multi-target ELISA kit. Association of Protein kinase A (PKA) in adenosine effects was studied by pre-incubation with H89, a selective PKA inhibitor. Results: Treatment of the cells with angiotensin II significantly increased MMP-9 production (p <0.05). Adenosine pretreatment did not attenuate this angiotensin II effect. Angiotensin II treatment induced NF-κB, JNK and p38 activation. Pretreatment with adenosine prior to angiotensin II stimulation showed a 40% inhibitory effect on p38 induction (p <0.05). This effect was reversed by PKA inhibition. Conclusion: The present data confirmed that monocytic MMP-9 was a target gene for angiotensin II. Adenosine pretreatment did not inhibit MMP-9 increase in response to angiotensin II. However, it showed a potential inhibitory effect on angiotensin II inflammatory signaling.
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6
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Zhu M, Zhao X, Chen J, Xu J, Hu G, Guo D, Li Q, Zhang X, Chang CCY, Song B, Xiong Y, Chang T, Li B. ACAT1 regulates the dynamics of free cholesterols in plasma membrane which leads to the APP-α-processing alteration. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2015; 47:951-9. [PMID: 26474739 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmv101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase 1 (ACAT1) is a key enzyme exclusively using free cholesterols as the substrates in cell and is involved in the cellular cholesterol homeostasis. In this study, we used human neuroblastoma cell line SK-N-SH as a model and first observed that inhibiting ACAT1 can decrease the amyloid precursor protein (APP)-α-processing. Meanwhile, the transfection experiments using the small interfering RNA and expression plasmid of ACAT1 indicated that ACAT1 can dependently affect the APP-α-processing. Furthermore, inhibiting ACAT1 was found to increase the free cholesterols in plasma membrane (PM-FC), and the increased PM-FC caused by inhibiting ACAT1 can lead to the decrease of the APP-α-processing, indicating that ACAT1 regulates the dynamics of PM-FC, which leads to the alteration of the APP-α-processing. More importantly, further results showed that under the ACAT1 inhibition, the alterations of the PM-FC and the subsequent APP-α-processing are not dependent on the cellular total cholesterol level, confirming that ACAT1 regulates the dynamics of PM-FC. Finally, we revealed that even when the Niemann-Pick-Type C-dependent pathway is blocked, the ACAT1 inhibition still obviously results in the PM-FC increase, suggesting that the ACAT1-dependent pathway is responsible for the shuttling of PM-FC to the intracellular pool. Our data provide a novel insight that ACAT1 which enzymatically regulates the dynamics of PM-FC may play important roles in the human neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xiaonan Zhao
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jia Chen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jiajia Xu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Guangjing Hu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Dongqing Guo
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Qin Li
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Catherine C Y Chang
- Department of Biochemistry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Baoliang Song
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China College of Life Sciences, The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Ying Xiong
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Tayuan Chang
- Department of Biochemistry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Boliang Li
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
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7
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WITHDRAWN: Angiotensin II-induced endogenous cholesterol synthesis in human monocytes of patients with dyslipidemia. Immunobiology 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2014.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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8
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Konii H, Sato K, Kikuchi S, Okiyama H, Watanabe R, Hasegawa A, Yamamoto K, Itoh F, Hirano T, Watanabe T. Stimulatory Effects of Cardiotrophin 1 on Atherosclerosis. Hypertension 2013; 62:942-50. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.113.01653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cardiotrophin 1 (CT-1), an interleukin-6 family cytokine, was recently shown to be expressed in the intima of early atherosclerotic lesions in the human carotid artery. CT-1 stimulates proatherogenic molecule expression in human vascular endothelial cells and monocyte migration. However, it has not been reported whether CT-1 accelerates atherosclerosis. This study was performed to examine the stimulatory effects of CT-1 on human macrophage foam cell formation and vascular smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation in vitro, and on the development of atherosclerotic lesions in apolipoprotein E–deficient (ApoE
−/−
) mice in vivo. CT-1 was expressed at high levels in endothelial cells and macrophages in both humans and ApoE
−/−
mice. CT-1 significantly enhanced oxidized low-density lipoprotein–induced foam cell formation associated with increased levels of CD36 and acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase-1 expression in human monocyte–derived macrophages. CT-1 significantly stimulated the migration, proliferation, and collagen-1 expression in human aortic vascular smooth muscle cells. Four-week infusion of CT-1 into ApoE
−/−
mice significantly accelerated the development of aortic atherosclerotic lesions with increased monocyte/macrophage infiltration, vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, and collagen-1 content in the aortic wall. Activation of inflammasome, such as apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain, nuclear factor κB, and cyclooxygenase-2, was observed in exudate peritoneal macrophages from ApoE
−/−
mice infused with CT-1. Infusion of anti–CT-1–neutralizing antibody alone into ApoE
−/−
mice significantly suppressed monocyte/macrophage infiltration in atherosclerotic lesions. These results indicate that CT-1 accelerates the development of atherosclerotic lesions by stimulating the inflammasome, foam cell formation associated with CD36 and acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase-1 upregulation in macrophages, and migration, proliferation, and collagen-1 production in vascular smooth muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanae Konii
- From the Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Japan (H.K., K.S., S.K., H.O., R.W., A.H., K.Y., F.I., T.W.); and Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (T.H.)
| | - Kengo Sato
- From the Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Japan (H.K., K.S., S.K., H.O., R.W., A.H., K.Y., F.I., T.W.); and Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (T.H.)
| | - Sayaka Kikuchi
- From the Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Japan (H.K., K.S., S.K., H.O., R.W., A.H., K.Y., F.I., T.W.); and Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (T.H.)
| | - Hazuki Okiyama
- From the Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Japan (H.K., K.S., S.K., H.O., R.W., A.H., K.Y., F.I., T.W.); and Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (T.H.)
| | - Rena Watanabe
- From the Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Japan (H.K., K.S., S.K., H.O., R.W., A.H., K.Y., F.I., T.W.); and Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (T.H.)
| | - Akinori Hasegawa
- From the Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Japan (H.K., K.S., S.K., H.O., R.W., A.H., K.Y., F.I., T.W.); and Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (T.H.)
| | - Keigo Yamamoto
- From the Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Japan (H.K., K.S., S.K., H.O., R.W., A.H., K.Y., F.I., T.W.); and Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (T.H.)
| | - Fumiko Itoh
- From the Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Japan (H.K., K.S., S.K., H.O., R.W., A.H., K.Y., F.I., T.W.); and Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (T.H.)
| | - Tsutomu Hirano
- From the Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Japan (H.K., K.S., S.K., H.O., R.W., A.H., K.Y., F.I., T.W.); and Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (T.H.)
| | - Takuya Watanabe
- From the Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Japan (H.K., K.S., S.K., H.O., R.W., A.H., K.Y., F.I., T.W.); and Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (T.H.)
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Rafatian N, Milne RW, Leenen FHH, Whitman SC. Role of renin-angiotensin system in activation of macrophages by modified lipoproteins. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2013; 305:H1309-20. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00826.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin II favors the development of atherosclerosis. Our goal was to determine if foam cell formation increases angiotensin II generation by the endogenous renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and if endogenously produced angiotensin II promotes lipid accumulation in macrophages. Differentiated THP-1 cells were treated with acetylated low-density lipoproteins (ac-LDL), native LDL (n-LDL), or no LDL. Expression of RAS genes was assessed and angiotensin I/II levels were quantified in media and cell lysate. Ac-LDL increased angiotensin I/II levels and the angiotensin II/I ratio in cells and media after foam cell formation. Renin mRNA or activity did not change, but renin blockade completely inhibited the increase in angiotensin II. Angiotensinogen mRNA but not protein level was increased. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and cathepsin G mRNA and activities were enhanced by ac-LDL. Inhibition of renin, ACE, or the angiotensin II receptor 1 (AT1-receptor) largely abolished cholesteryl ester formation in cells exposed to ac-LDL and decreased scavenger receptor A (SR-A) and acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase 1 (ACAT-1) protein levels. Inhibition of renin or the AT1-receptor in cells treated with oxidized LDL also decreased SR-A and ACAT-1 protein and foam cell formation. ac-LDL also increased angiotensin II by human peripheral blood monocyte-derived macrophages, whereas blockade of renin decreased cholesterol ester formation in these macrophages. These findings indicate that, during foam cell formation, angiotensin II generation by the endogenous RAS is stimulated and that endogenously generated angiotensin II is crucial for cholesterol ester accumulation in macrophages exposed to modified LDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naimeh Rafatian
- Hypertension Unit, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Vascular Biology Unit, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Ross W. Milne
- Diabetes and Atherosclerosis Laboratory, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Frans H. H. Leenen
- Hypertension Unit, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Stewart C. Whitman
- Vascular Biology Unit, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; and
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10
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Salusins: potential use as a biomarker for atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Int J Hypertens 2013; 2013:965140. [PMID: 24251033 PMCID: PMC3819761 DOI: 10.1155/2013/965140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Human salusin- α and salusin- β are related peptides produced from prosalusin. Bolus injection of salusin- β into rats induces more profound hypotension and bradycardia than salusin- α . Central administration of salusin- β increases blood pressure via release of norepinephrine and arginine-vasopressin. Circulating levels of salusin- α and salusin- β are lower in patients with essential hypertension. Salusin- β exerts more potent mitogenic effects on human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and fibroblasts than salusin- α . Salusin- β accelerates inflammatory responses in human endothelial cells and monocyte-endothelial adhesion. Human macrophage foam cell formation is stimulated by salusin- β but suppressed by salusin- α . Chronic salusin- β infusion into apolipoprotein E-deficient mice enhances atherosclerotic lesions; salusin- α infusion reduces lesions. Salusin- β is expressed in proliferative neointimal lesions of porcine coronary arteries after stenting. Salusin- α and salusin- β immunoreactivity have been detected in human coronary atherosclerotic plaques, with dominance of salusin- β in macrophage foam cells, VSMCs, and fibroblasts. Circulating salusin- β levels increase and salusin- α levels decrease in patients with coronary artery disease. These findings suggest that salusin- β and salusin- α may contribute to proatherogenesis and antiatherogenesis, respectively. Increased salusin- β and/or decreased salusin- α levels in circulating blood and vascular tissue are closely linked with atherosclerosis. Salusin- α and salusin- β could be candidate biomarkers and therapeutic targets for atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases.
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Nickerson ML, Bosley AD, Weiss JS, Kostiha BN, Hirota Y, Brandt W, Esposito D, Kinoshita S, Wessjohann L, Morham SG, Andresson T, Kruth HS, Okano T, Dean M. The UBIAD1 prenyltransferase links menaquinone-4 [corrected] synthesis to cholesterol metabolic enzymes. Hum Mutat 2013; 34:317-29. [PMID: 23169578 PMCID: PMC6444929 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Schnyder corneal dystrophy (SCD) is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by germline variants in UBIAD1 introducing missense alterations leading to deposition of cholesterol in the cornea, progressive opacification, and loss of visual acuity. UBIAD1 was recently shown to synthesize menaquinone-4 (MK-4, vitamin K(2) ), but causal mechanisms of SCD are unknown. We report a novel c.864G>A UBIAD1 mutation altering glycine 177 to glutamic acid (p.G177E) in six SCD families, including four families from Finland who share a likely founder mutation. We observed reduced MK-4 synthesis by UBIAD1 altered by SCD mutations p.N102S, p.G177R/E, and p.D112N, and molecular models showed p.G177-mutant UBIAD1 disrupted transmembrane helices and active site residues. We show UBIAD1 interacts with HMGCR and SOAT1, enzymes catalyzing cholesterol synthesis and storage, respectively, using yeast two-hybrid screening and immunoprecipitation. Docking simulations indicate cholesterol binds to UBIAD1 in the substrate-binding cleft and substrate-binding overlaps with GGPP binding, an MK-4 substrate, suggesting potential competition between these metabolites. Impaired MK-4 synthesis is a biochemical defect identified in SCD suggesting UBIAD1 links vitamin K and cholesterol metabolism through physical contact between enzymes and metabolites. Our data suggest a role for endogenous MK-4 in maintaining cornea health and visual acuity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Nickerson
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA.
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YANG HUIYU, BIAN YUNFEI, XIAO CHUANSHI, LIANG BIN, ZHANG NANA, GAO FEN, YANG ZHIMING. Angiotensin-(1-7) stimulates cholesterol efflux from angiotensin II-treated cholesterol-loaded THP-1 macrophages through the suppression of p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling. Mol Med Rep 2012; 12:1387-92. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Osada-Oka M, Kita H, Yagi S, Sato T, Izumi Y, Iwao H. Angiotensin AT1 receptor blockers suppress oxidized low-density lipoprotein-derived formation of foam cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 679:9-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Revised: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 12/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Putnam K, Shoemaker R, Yiannikouris F, Cassis LA. The renin-angiotensin system: a target of and contributor to dyslipidemias, altered glucose homeostasis, and hypertension of the metabolic syndrome. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2012; 302:H1219-30. [PMID: 22227126 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00796.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is an important therapeutic target in the treatment of hypertension. Obesity has emerged as a primary contributor to essential hypertension in the United States and clusters with other metabolic disorders (hyperglycemia, hypertension, high triglycerides, low HDL cholesterol) defined within the metabolic syndrome. In addition to hypertension, RAS blockade may also serve as an effective treatment strategy to control impaired glucose and insulin tolerance and dyslipidemias in patients with the metabolic syndrome. Hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and/or specific cholesterol metabolites have been demonstrated to activate components required for the synthesis [angiotensinogen, renin, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)], degradation (ACE2), or responsiveness (angiotensin II type 1 receptors, Mas receptors) to angiotensin peptides in cell types (e.g., pancreatic islet cells, adipocytes, macrophages) that mediate specific disorders of the metabolic syndrome. An activated local RAS in these cell types may contribute to dysregulated function by promoting oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation. This review will discuss data demonstrating the regulation of components of the RAS by cholesterol and its metabolites, glucose, and/or insulin in cell types implicated in disorders of the metabolic syndrome. In addition, we discuss data supporting a role for an activated local RAS in dyslipidemias and glucose intolerance/insulin resistance and the development of hypertension in the metabolic syndrome. Identification of an activated RAS as a common thread contributing to several disorders of the metabolic syndrome makes the use of angiotensin receptor blockers and ACE inhibitors an intriguing and novel option for multisymptom treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Putnam
- Graduate Center for Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, 40536-0200, USA
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Yaghooti H, Firoozrai M, Fallah S, Khorramizadeh M. Angiotensin II induces NF-κB, JNK and p38 MAPK activation in monocytic cells and increases matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression in a PKC- andRho kinase-dependent manner. Braz J Med Biol Res 2011; 44:193-9. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2011007500008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2010] [Accepted: 01/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- H. Yaghooti
- Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | | | - S. Fallah
- Iran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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SHIMOSAWA T. Cross Talk among Substances Can Answer Questions Raised by Clinical Trials. Hypertens Res 2008; 31:1679-80. [DOI: 10.1291/hypres.31.1679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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