1
|
Rupprecht CE, Buchanan T, Cliquet F, King R, Müller T, Yakobson B, Yang DK. A Global Perspective on Oral Vaccination of Wildlife against Rabies. J Wildl Dis 2024; 60:241-284. [PMID: 38381612 DOI: 10.7589/jwd-d-23-00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
The long-term mitigation of human-domestic animal-wildlife conflicts is complex and difficult. Over the last 50 yr, the primary biomedical concepts and actualized collaborative global field applications of oral rabies vaccination to wildlife serve as one dramatic example that revolutionized the field of infectious disease management of free-ranging animals. Oral vaccination of wildlife occurred in diverse locales within Africa, Eurasia, the Middle East, and North America. Although rabies is not a candidate for eradication, over a billion doses of vaccine-laden baits distributed strategically by hand, at baiting stations, or via aircraft, resulted in widespread disease prevention, control, or local disease elimination among mesocarnivores. Pure, potent, safe, and efficacious vaccines consisted of either modified-live, highly attenuated, or recombinant viruses contained within attractive, edible baits. Since the late 1970s, major free-ranging target species have included coyotes (Canis latrans), foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus; Vulpes vulpes), jackals (Canis aureus; Lupulella mesomelas), raccoons (Procyon lotor), raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides), and skunks (Mephitis mephitis). Operational progress has occurred in all but the latter species. Programmatic evaluations of oral rabies vaccination success have included: demonstration of biomarkers incorporated within vaccine-laden baits in target species as representative of bait contact; serological measurement of the induction of specific rabies virus neutralizing antibodies, indicative of an immune response to vaccine; and most importantly, the decreasing detection of rabies virus antigens in the brains of collected animals via enhanced laboratory-based surveillance, as evidence of management impact. Although often conceived mistakenly as a panacea, such cost-effective technology applied to free-ranging wildlife represents a real-world, One Health application benefiting agriculture, conservation biology, and public health. Based upon lessons learned with oral rabies vaccination of mesocarnivores, opportunities for future extension to other taxa and additional diseases will have far-reaching, transdisciplinary benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles E Rupprecht
- College of Forestry, Wildlife and Environment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, 602 Duncan Drive, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA
| | - Tore Buchanan
- Wildlife Research and Monitoring Section, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Trent University, 2140 East Bank Drive, Peterborough, Ontario K9L1Z8, Canada
| | - Florence Cliquet
- ANSES, Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, European Union Reference Laboratory for Rabies Serology, European Union Reference Laboratory for Rabies, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Management in Zoonoses Control, WOAH Reference Laboratory for Rabies, Technopôle Agricole et Vétérinaire, Domaine de Pixérécourt, CS 40009 Malzeville, France
| | - Roni King
- Israel Nature and Parks Authority, Am V'Olamo 3, Jerusalem 95463, Israel
| | - Thomas Müller
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, WHO Collaborating Centre for Rabies Surveillance and Research, WOAH Reference Laboratory for Rabies, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Boris Yakobson
- WOAH Reference Laboratory for Rabies, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Derech HaMaccabim 62, Rishon Lezion, 50250, Israel
| | - Dong-Kun Yang
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yu X, Zhu H, Bo Y, Li Y, Zhang J, Jiang L, Chen G, Zhang X, Wen Y. Molecular evolutionary analysis reveals Arctic-like rabies viruses evolved and dispersed independently in North and South Asia. J Vet Sci 2021; 22:e5. [PMID: 33522157 PMCID: PMC7850786 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2021.22.e5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Arctic-like (AL) lineages of rabies viruses (RABVs) remains endemic in some Arctic and Asia countries. However, their evolutionary dynamics are largely unappreciated. Objectives We attempted to estimate the evolutionary history, geographic origin and spread of the Arctic-related RABVs. Methods Full length or partial sequences of the N and G genes were used to infer the evolutionary aspects of AL RABVs by Bayesian evolutionary analysis. Results The most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) of the current Arctic and AL RABVs emerged in the 1830s and evolved independently after diversification. Population demographic analysis indicated that the viruses experienced gradual growth followed by a sudden decrease in its population size from the mid-1980s to approximately 2000. Genetic flow patterns among the regions reveal a high geographic correlation in AL RABVs transmission. Discrete phylogeography suggests that the geographic origin of the AL RABVs was in east Russia in approximately the 1830s. The ancestral AL RABV then diversified and immigrated to the countries in Northeast Asia, while the viruses in South Asia were dispersed to the neighboring regions from India. The N and G genes of RABVs in both clades sustained high levels of purifying selection, and the positive selection sites were mainly found on the C-terminus of the G gene. Conclusions The current AL RABVs circulating in South and North Asia evolved and dispersed independently.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment for Animal Products, Ji?nan 250022, China
| | - Hongwei Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment for Animal Products, Ji?nan 250022, China
| | - Yongheng Bo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment for Animal Products, Ji?nan 250022, China
| | - Youzhi Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment for Animal Products, Ji?nan 250022, China
| | - Jianlong Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China.,Yantai Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenetic Microbiology and Immunology, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Linlin Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China.,Yantai Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenetic Microbiology and Immunology, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Guozhong Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China.,Yantai Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenetic Microbiology and Immunology, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Xingxiao Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China.,Yantai Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenetic Microbiology and Immunology, Yantai 264025, China.
| | - Yongjun Wen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang JM, Zhang ZS, Deng YQ, Wu SL, Wang W, Yan YS. Incidence of human rabies and characterization of rabies virus nucleoprotein gene in dogs in Fujian Province, Southeast China, 2002-2012. BMC Infect Dis 2017; 17:599. [PMID: 28854892 PMCID: PMC5577672 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-017-2698-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rabies is a global fatal infectious viral disease that is characterized by a high mortality after onset of clinical symptoms. Recently, there has been an increase in the incidence of rabies in China. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of human rabies and characterize the rabies virus nucleoprotein gene in dogs sampled from Fujian Province, Southeast China from 2002 to 2012. Methods Data pertaining to human rabies cases in Fujian Province during the period from 2002 through 2012 were collected, and the epidemiological profiles were described. The saliva and brain specimens were collected from dogs in Quanzhou, Longyan and Sanming cities of the province, and the rabies virus antigen was determined in the canine saliva specimens using an ELISA assay. Rabies virus RNA was extracted from canine brain specimens, and rabies virus nucleoprotein gene was amplified using a nested RT-PCR assay, followed by sequencing and genotyping. Results A total of 226 human rabies cases were reported in Fujian Province from 2002 to 2012, in which 197 cases were detected in three cities of Quanzhou, Longyan and Sanming. ELISA assay revealed positive rabies virus antigen in six of eight rabid dogs and 165 of 3492 seemingly healthy dogs. The full-length gene fragment of the rabies virus nucleoprotein gene was amplified from the brain specimens of seven rabid dogs and 12 seemingly healthy dogs. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis revealed that these 19 rabies virus nucleoprotein genes all belonged to genotype I, and were classified into three genetic groups. Sequencing analysis showed a 99.7% to 100% intra-group and an 86.4% to 89.3% inter-group homology. Conclusions This study is the first description pertaining to the epidemiological characteristics of human rabies cases and characterization of the rabies virus nucleoprotein gene in dogs in Fujian Province, Southeast China. Our findings may provide valuable knowledge for the development of strategies targeting the prevention and control of rabies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ming Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Quanzhou First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 248 East Street, Quanzhou City, Fujian Province, 362002, China.,School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, 350004, China
| | - Zhi-Shan Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Quanzhou First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 248 East Street, Quanzhou City, Fujian Province, 362002, China.
| | - Yan-Qin Deng
- Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, 350001, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, 350001, China
| | - Shou-Li Wu
- School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, 350004, China.,Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, 350001, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, 350001, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, No. 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province, 214064, China. .,Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province, 214064, China. .,Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasites and Vector Control Technology, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province, 214064, China.
| | - Yan-Sheng Yan
- School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, 350004, China.,Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, 350001, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, 350001, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kim HH, Yang DK, Nah JJ, Song JY, Cho IS. Comparison of the protective efficacy between single and combination of recombinant adenoviruses expressing complete and truncated glycoprotein, and nucleoprotein of the pathogenic street rabies virus in mice. Virol J 2017. [PMID: 28646885 PMCID: PMC5483267 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-017-0789-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rabies is an important viral zoonosis that causes acute encephalitis and death in mammals. To date, several recombinant vaccines have been developed based on G protein, which is considered to be the main antigen, and these vaccines are used for rabies control in many countries. Most recombinant viruses expressing RABV G protein retain the G gene from attenuated RABV. Not enough is currently known about the protective effect against RABV of a combination of recombinant adenoviruses expressing the G and N proteins of pathogenic street RABV. Methods We constructed a recombinant adenovirus (Ad-0910Gsped) expressing the signal peptide and ectodomain (sped) of G protein of the Korean street strain, and evaluated the immunological protection conferred by a single and combination of three kinds of recombinant adenoviruses (Ad-0910Gsped and Ad-0910G with or without Ad-0910 N) in mice. Results A combination of Ad-0910G and Ad-0910 N conferred improved immunity against intracranial challenge compared to single administration of Ad-0910G. The Ad-0910G virus, expressing the complete G protein, was more immunogenic than Ad-0910Gsped, which expressed a truncated G protein with the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains removed. Additionally, oral vaccination using a combination of viruses led to complete protection. Conclusions Our results suggest that this combination of viruses is a viable new intramuscular and oral vaccine candidate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Hyun Kim
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, 39660, MAFRA, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Kun Yang
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, 39660, MAFRA, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin-Ju Nah
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, 39660, MAFRA, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Song
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, 39660, MAFRA, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Soo Cho
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, 39660, MAFRA, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tang HB, Pan Y, Wei XK, Lu ZL, Lu W, Yang J, He XX, Xie LJ, Zeng L, Zheng LF, Xiong Y, Minamoto N, Luo TR. Re-emergence of rabies in the Guangxi province of Southern China. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8:e3114. [PMID: 25275567 PMCID: PMC4183421 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human rabies cases in the Guangxi province of China decreased from 839 in 1982 to 24 in 1995, but subsequently underwent a sharp increase, and has since maintained a high level. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS 3,040 brain samples from normal dogs and cats were collected from 14 districts of Guangxi and assessed by RT-PCR. The brain samples showed an average rabies virus (RV) positivity rate of 3.26%, but reached 4.71% for the period Apr 2002 to Dec 2003. A total of 30 isolates were obtained from normal dogs and 28 isolates from rabid animals by the mouse inoculation test (MIT). Six representative group I and II RV isolates showed an LD50 of 10-5.35/ml to 10-6.19/ml. The reactivity of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to group I and II RV isolates from the Guangxi major epidemic showed that eight anti-G MAbs showed strong reactivity with isolates of group I and II with titers of ≥10,000; however, the MAbs 9-6, 13-3 and 12-14 showed lower reactivity. Phylogenetic analysis based on the G gene demonstrated that the Guangxi RV isolates have similar topologies with strong bootstrap values and are closely bonded. Alignment of deduced amino acids revealed that the mature G protein has four substitutions A96S, L132F, N436S, and A447I specific to group I, and 13 substitutions T90M, Y168C, S204G, T249I, P253S, S289T, V332I, Q382H, V427I, L474P, R463K Q486H, and T487N specific to group II, coinciding with the phylogenetic analysis of the isolates. CONCLUSIONS Re-emergence of human rabies has mainly occurred in rural areas of Guangxi since 1996. The human rabies incidence rate increased is related with RV positive rate of normal dogs. The Guangxi isolates tested showed a similar pathogenicity and antigenicity. The results of phylogenetic analysis coincide with that of alignment of deduced amino acids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Bo Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Guangxi, China
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Guangxi, China
| | - Yan Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Guangxi, China
| | - Xian-Kai Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Guangxi, China
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhuan-Ling Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Guangxi, China
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Guangxi, China
| | - Wu Lu
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Guangxi, China
| | - Jian Yang
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiao-Xia He
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Guangxi, China
| | - Lin-Juan Xie
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Guangxi, China
| | - Lan Zeng
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Guangxi, China
| | - Lie-Feng Zheng
- Guangxi Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi, China
| | - Yi Xiong
- Guangxi Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi, China
| | - Nobuyuki Minamoto
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Guangxi, China
| | - Ting Rong Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Guangxi, China
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Guangxi, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
Recently, 11 cases of animal rabies were reported in the southern region (Suwon and Hwaseong cities) of Gyeonggi Province, South Korea. The cases were temporally separated into two cases in dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) in spring 2012 and nine cases in domestic animals and wildlife in winter 2012-13. All carcasses were submitted for histopathologic examination and viral antigen identification. Sequences of the glycoprotein, nucleoprotein, and glycoprotein-large polymerase protein intergenic noncoding loci of the 11 strains were determined and compared with published reference sequences. All rabies strains were closely related to the Gangwon strains isolated in 2008-09, suggesting that the rabies virus strains isolated in Gyeonggi were introduced from Gangwon Province.
Collapse
|
7
|
Oem JK, Kim SH, Kim YH, Lee MH, Lee KK. Complete genome sequences of three rabies viruses isolated from rabid raccoon dogs and a cow in Korea. Virus Genes 2013; 47:563-8. [PMID: 23975690 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-013-0923-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The complete genomes of three rabies viruses (BD0406CC, BV9901PJ, and 08F40) of two raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides koreensis) and a cow were determined. The genomic organization is typical of rabies viruses, and the open reading frames of the N, P, M, G, and L genes are 1,353, 894, 609, 1,575, and 6,384 bases in length, respectively. The full genome length of the three strains was 11,928 nucleotides, and the sequence similarity between the rabies viruses at the nucleotide level was 98.5-99.5%. Sequence comparisons indicated that these rabies viruses belong to the "Arctic and Arctic-like" group, with high homology to the Eurasian cluster. All Korean strains were clustered with the Mongolia strains, which belong to Arctic-like 1 clade. The 08F40 and BD0406CC strains were constructed with rabies virus strains isolated in Gangwon province. The BV9901PJ strain was closely related to strains isolated in Gyeonggi province in Korea. Three strains were more dependent upon geographical distribution and time period than host species. Complete genome sequencing of different host-origin rabies viruses will provide information that should contribute to understanding the transmission cycle and genetic variability of rabies from different hosts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Ku Oem
- Viral Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal, Plant and Fisheries Quarantine and Inspection Agency, 480 Anyang-6-Dong, Anyang, 430-824, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Recent emergence of the Arctic rabies virus lineage. Virus Res 2011; 163:352-62. [PMID: 22100340 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2011.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Revised: 10/26/2011] [Accepted: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The rabies viruses that circulate in Arctic countries and in much of northern and central Asia are phylogenetically closely related and collectively referred to as the Arctic/Arctic-like (AL) lineage. The emergence and spread of this lineage is of significant interest given that rabies remains a serious zoonotic disease in many parts of Asia, especially in India where the prevalence of dog rabies leads to frequent human exposures and deaths. Previous molecular epidemiological studies of rabies viruses in India identified the AL lineage as the type circulating across much of the country. To further explore the relationship of Indian and Arctic rabies viruses, a collection of samples recovered from Rajasthan state in northern India was characterised at the N gene locus. Combination of these data with a larger collection of samples from India, central/northern Asia and the Arctic has permitted detailed phylogenetic analysis of this viral lineage and estimation of its time-frame of emergence. These analyses suggest that most current Indian viruses emerged from a common progenitor within the last 40 years and that the entire Arctic/AL lineage emerged within the last 200 years, a time-frame in accord with historical records of the invasion of Canada by the Arctic clade.
Collapse
|