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Andrade LS, de Souza RS, Carvalho de Araujo A, Silva SDO, Melo MN, Melo FG, Ribeiro GHS, de Sousa FG, Bastos CV, Moreira TF, Meneses RM, Carvalho AU, Facury-Filho EJ, Silveira JAG. Hemopathogens in naturally infected bovine fetuses in Brazil. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2024; 15:102351. [PMID: 38788485 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2024.102351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
The transplacental transmission of parasites and hemoparasites is crucial for understanding the epidemiology of diseases. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of hemopathogens in bovine fetuses at various gestational periods. Samples were obtained from a slaughterhouse in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, and a total of 236 fetuses were collected. DNA extracted from blood samples (145) and organ samples (a pool of brain and spleen) (236) underwent a nested PCR (nPCR) assay to detect Babesia spp., Theileria spp., Trypanosoma vivax, Anaplasma marginale, Anaplasma bovis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Ehrlichia minasensis, and hemotropic Mycoplasma spp. Additionally, serological analysis of 145 plasma samples was conducted using the indirect fluorescent antibody test-IFAT to detect IgG against Babesia bovis, Babesia bigemina, A. marginale, and Trypanosoma vivax. The observed prevalence of transplacental transmission was 19.3 %, 6.2 %, 42.7 % and 2.7 %, for A. marginale, B. bigemina, 'Candidatus M. haemobos', and Mycoplasma wenyonii, respectively. The prevalence of A. marginale by gestational trimester was 16 % (13/81) in the second trimester and 23 % (14/60) in the third trimester, with no positive samples in the first trimester. Regarding the species B. bovis and B. bigemina, all evaluated animals tested negative by nPCR, and no serological evidence for B. bovis was found by the IFAT. Babesia bigemina demonstrated an overall seroprevalence of 6.2 % (9/145), with 4.8 % (7/145) in the last trimester and 1.3 % (2/145) in the second trimester of pregnancy. In total, 42.7 % (62/145) of blood samples were positive for 'Candidatus M. haemobos', with 42 % (34/81) in the middle trimester, and 43 % (26/60) in the final trimester of pregnancy. Mycoplasma wenyonni was detected in 2.7 % (4/145) blood samples, all in coinfection with 'C. M. haemobos'. The prevalence by pregnancy trimester was 25 % (1/4) in the first trimester; 1.2 % (1/81) in the second trimester and 3.3 % (2/60) in the third trimester of pregnancy. Hemopathogen DNA was detected in fetus blood samples but not the brain or spleen samples. All the samples were negative for T. vivax, Theileria spp., Anaplasma spp. and Ehrlichia spp. Overall, in this study, approximately 70 % of fetuses were positive for one or more of the studied parasites. No significant associations were observed between pairs of pathogens, except 'C. M. haemobos' and A. marginale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Silva Andrade
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Rayanne Soalheiro de Souza
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Andreina Carvalho de Araujo
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Soraia de Oliveira Silva
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Maria Norma Melo
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Fabricio Gomes Melo
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Henrique Siqueira Ribeiro
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Felipe Gaia de Sousa
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Camila Valgas Bastos
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Tiago Facury Moreira
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Melo Meneses
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Antônio Ultimo Carvalho
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Elias Jorge Facury-Filho
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Júlia Angélica Gonçalves Silveira
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil.
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de Souza Ferreira L, Bolin S, Abuelo A, Norby B, Ruegg PL. Apparent prevalence of hemotropic mycoplasma in dairy calves and replacement heifers on Michigan farms. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:4987-5000. [PMID: 38395406 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
The bovine hemoplasmas include Mycoplasma wenyonii and Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos, which are increasingly recognized as infecting cattle throughout the world. Infection with hemotropic mycoplasma has been reported to be widespread in mature dairy cows, but little is known about its prevalence in calves and heifers. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence and dynamics of infection with M. wenyonii and C. M. haemobos in calves and replacement heifers on Michigan dairy farms and assess the potential associations between infection status and hematological values. The study was designed as a prospective cross-sectional study with a longitudinal component. A convenience sample of 11 farms agreed to participate and were visited twice between March and September 2022. During the first farm visit, researchers collected blood samples from up to 94 animals per farm distributed among newborn and preweaning calves (n ≤ 31), weaned calves (n = 21), pre-breeding heifers (n = 21), and pregnant heifers (n = 21). During the first visit, blood samples (n = 174) were also collected from a convenience sample of mature cows to confirm the herd infection status. The same calves and heifers were sampled again ∼95 d (±3.0) later. During the first visit, blood samples were collected from 797 calves and replacement heifers, whereas 675 samples were collected during the second visit due to the inability to locate some animals. Detection of M. wenyonii and C. M. haemobos was based on results of real-time PCR. The hematocrit was determined using microcentrifugation, and the concentration of leukocytes using an automated cell counter. In all herds, most mature cows that were sampled tested positive for infection. The within-herd apparent prevalence of hemoplasma in calves and replacement heifers was 100% for both M. wenyonii and C. M. haemobos. The apparent prevalence of hemoplasma in youngstock was associated with age. In calves that were 1 to 6 mo old, the prevalence of infection was 6% to 8% but sharply increased to 31% by 8 mo of age. In older animals, the prevalence remained high, and was almost 100% in animals greater than 17 mo of age. Based on calves and heifers sampled twice, the cumulative incidence varied widely among herds, ranging from 3.7% to 96.0%, and increased with the age of the animals. We found no difference in hematocrit or number of lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, or total leukocytes based on infection status. The number of eosinophils was greater in infected animals. This is the first study to report the prevalence of hemoplasmas in calves and replacement heifers in the United States. It indicates that young calves can be infected with hemoplasmas, but the rate of infection is low. The likelihood of infection increases as animals age, with a notable rise in the proportion of infected heifers occurring by 8 mo old, and the prevalence eventually reaching nearly 100% in older animals. Once infected, heifers appear to remain chronic carriers. Hemoplasma infection alone does not usually lead to the development of clinical signs, and most of the animals remain apparently healthy.
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Affiliation(s)
- L de Souza Ferreira
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - S Bolin
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI 48910
| | - A Abuelo
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - B Norby
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - P L Ruegg
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824.
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De Souza Ferreira L, Ruegg PL. Graduate Student Literature Review: Hemotropic mycoplasmas in cattle. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:3185-3196. [PMID: 38101735 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this narrative literature review is to better understand bovine hemoplasmosis, an emerging disease that threatens dairy animal health. Several species of hemotropic mycoplasma are known to infect both animals and humans, and Mycoplasma wenyonii and Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos are the species that infect red blood cells of cattle. These microorganisms are associated with clinical signs in dairy cattle, but the effects of infection on health and productivity of dairy cows are poorly understood. In this paper, we review information about the epidemiology of bovine hemoplasmosis in different countries, including clinical signs associated with hemoplasmosis in cattle, methods of diagnosis, treatment, possible routes of transmission, risk factors for infection, and disease progression. Although hemoplasmas have been reported to infect cattle in many countries, and methods used to detect these organisms have improved, numerous gaps in knowledge were identified. The pathogenesis of the disease and potential effect on animal health and productivity remain unclear. With this review, we seek to contribute to the understanding of hemoplasmosis in cattle and provide insights for further research to improve disease management strategies and overall animal health in the dairy industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- L De Souza Ferreira
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824.
| | - P L Ruegg
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
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Millán J, Martín-Maldonado B, Rodríguez-Pastor R, Martínez-Padilla J, Esperón F. High diversity, novel genotypes, and vertical transmission of hemotropic Mycoplasma in micromammals. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 107:102151. [PMID: 38387227 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Hemotropic mycoplasmas (hemoplasmas) are emerging zoonotic pathogens. Micromammals have received little attention as hosts for hemoplasmas despite their ubiquitous presence, high population abundances, and close association with humans. A PCR protocol targeting a fragment of the 16 S rRNA gene and direct sequencing in blood samples of 189 adult specimens and 35 fetuses belonging to three species of Eulipotyphla (shrews) and seven species of Rodentia, captured in three ecologically diverse habitats in North-Eastern Spain (Steppe, High Mountain, Mediterranean) yielded and occurrence of 26%, including 36% of 39 shrews and 23% of 150 rodents. Sequencing revealed the presence of 14 nucleotide sequence types (ntST) among the 56 readable sequences. In general, each ntST was associated with a given host species, although in some cases, the same ntST was sequenced in different species (chiefly rodents). Most ntST were closely related to rodent and/or bat hemoplasmas, but one was identical with Mycoplasma haemocanis/haemofelis, and others can be considered novel genotypes. High sequence diversity was detected in rodents, whereas in the white-toothed shrew (Crocidura russula), 9/11 sequences from two distant areas were identical. Phylogenetic and network analyses classified our sequences in different clades including hemoplasmas of rodents, carnivores, bats, and humans. Twelve of the fetuses (34.2%) of 9/12 litters (75.0%) of shrews and rodents were hemoplasma-positive, indicating frequent vertical transmission. Our study contributes to expanding our knowledge about the distribution, diversity, and transmission of hemoplasmas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Millán
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, Zaragoza 50013, Spain; Fundación ARAID, Avda. Ranillas 1, Zaragoza 50018, Spain; Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Bárbara Martín-Maldonado
- Departamento de Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas y de la Salud, Universidad Europea de Madrid, c/ Tajo s/n, Villaviciosa de Odón (Madrid) 28670, Spain
| | - Ruth Rodríguez-Pastor
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, Zaragoza 50013, Spain; Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, c/Miguel Servet 177, Zaragoza 50013, Spain
| | - Jesús Martínez-Padilla
- IPE, Pyrenean Institute of Ecology (CSIC), 22700, Avda. Nuestra Señora de la Victoria 16, Jaca, Spain
| | - Fernando Esperón
- Departamento de Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas y de la Salud, Universidad Europea de Madrid, c/ Tajo s/n, Villaviciosa de Odón (Madrid) 28670, Spain
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Kim Y, Kim H, Choi JH, Cho HC, Ji MJ, Park YJ, Park J, Choi KS. Preliminary report of Mycoplasma Wenoynii and Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos infection in Korean native cattle. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:121. [PMID: 38532391 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-03976-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemotropic mycoplasmas or hemoplasmas are bacteria that attach to the erythrocyte surface and cause bovine hemoplasmosis. Two species, Mycoplasma wenyonii and Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos, have been identified and shown to be distributed worldwide. However, there is currently no information available on hemoplasmas in cattle in the Republic of Korea. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of hemoplasmas in Korean native cattle and to evaluate the association between hemoplasma infection and anemia. METHODS One farm was selected, at which blood samples were collected from 104 Korean native cattle [grazing cattle (n = 89) and housed cattle (n = 15)]. Hemoplasmas were detected via polymerase chain reaction analysis and complete blood counts were also performed. RESULTS The overall prevalence of hemoplasmas was 34% (35/104); 20.2% (21/104) for M. wenyonii, 3.8% (4/104) for C. M. haemobos, and 9.6% (10/104) for co-infection. Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos was detected only in grazing cattle. Of red blood cell (RBC) parameters, C. M. haemobos-infected cattle had lower RBC and hematocrit, and higher mean cell volume than hemoplasma-negative cattle, although none of these differences were statistically significant. This is the first study to report the occurrence of M. wenyonii and C. M. haemobos. Mycoplasma wenyonii is more prevalent than C. M. haemobos in Korean native cattle. The results did not show an association between hemoplasma infection and anemia. CONCLUSIONS Considering the infection rate of hemoplasmas shown in this study, further studies, such as on the pathogenicity and clinical significance of hemoplasmas are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngjun Kim
- Department of Animal Hospital, Genetic Improvement Center, National Agricultural Cooperative Federation, Hanwoo, Seosan, 31948, Republic of Korea
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Hannah Kim
- College of Arts and Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Jae-Hyeon Choi
- Department of Horse/Companion and Wild Animals, College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, 37224, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Chul Cho
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, 37224, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jeong Ji
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, 37224, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Park
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, 37224, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Park
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyoung-Seong Choi
- Department of Horse/Companion and Wild Animals, College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, 37224, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, 37224, Republic of Korea.
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Flores-García DL, Aguilar-Díaz H, Amaro-Estrada I, Martínez-Ocampo F, Quiroz-Castañeda RE. An Update of Bovine Hemoplasmas Based on Phylogenetic and Genomics Analysis. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10101916. [PMID: 36296192 PMCID: PMC9607299 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10101916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma wenyonii and ‘Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos’ are bacteria that have been described as significant hemoplasmas that infect cattle worldwide. Currently, three bovine hemoplasma genomes are known. This work aimed to describe the main genomic characteristics and the evolutionary relationships between hemoplasmas, and provide a list of epitopes predicted by immunoinformatics as diagnostic candidates for bovine hemoplasmosis. Thus far, there is no vaccine to prevent this disease that economically impacts cattle production worldwide. Additionally, there is a lack of vaccines against bovine hemoplasmosis. In this work, we performed a genomic characterization of hemoplasmas, including two Mexican strains reported in bovines in the last few years. The generated information is a new scenario about the phylogeny of hemoplasmas. Also, we show genomic features among hemoplasmas that strengthen their characteristic genome plasticity of intracellular lifestyles. Finally, the elucidation of antigenic proteins in Mexican strains represents an opportunity to develop molecular detection methods and diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Laura Flores-García
- Departamento de Ingeniería en Biotecnología, Universidad Politécnica del Estado de Morelos, Paseo Cuauhnahuac 566, Lomas del Texcal, C.P., Jiutepec 62574, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Hugo Aguilar-Díaz
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Carretera Federal Cuernavaca-Cuautla No. 8534, Col. Progreso, Jiutepec 62550, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Itzel Amaro-Estrada
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Carretera Federal Cuernavaca-Cuautla No. 8534, Col. Progreso, Jiutepec 62550, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Fernando Martínez-Ocampo
- Laboratorio de Estudios Ecogenómicos, Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad No. 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca 62209, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Rosa Estela Quiroz-Castañeda
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Carretera Federal Cuernavaca-Cuautla No. 8534, Col. Progreso, Jiutepec 62550, Morelos, Mexico
- Correspondence:
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Shi H, Li B, Li J, Chen S, Wang L, Bai Z, Zhu L, Yan B, Yao L. Molecular detection of haemophilic pathogens reveals evidence of Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos in dogs and parasitic ticks in central China. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:254. [PMID: 35778709 PMCID: PMC9248110 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03361-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In addition to Mycoplasma haemocanis and Candidatus Mycoplasma haematoparvum, a few hemoplasma species that mainly infect other livestock have been detected in dogs. ‘Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos’ (Ca. M. haemobos) has been found in a variety of animals in China. The present study was aimed to investigate the occurrence of ‘Ca. M. haemobos’ infections in dogs and ticks collected from the Henan province, China. Results Overall, 55 dog blood samples and 378 ticks on skins were collected from anemic and healthy dogs, and these samples were subjected to PCR, sequence analysis, and identification. The results showed that Haemaphysalis longicornis (266) and Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (112) were the only two parasitic ticks on dogs. Molecular detection revealed that 163 M. haemocanis, 88 ‘Ca. M. haemobos’ and 32 Anaplasma platys positive amplicons could be amplified from dogs, H. longicornis and R. (B.) microplus. In addition, co-infections (M. haemocanis + A. platys and ‘Ca. M. haemobos’+ A. platys) could be also detected. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is the first molecular evidence of ‘Ca. M. haemobos’ natural infection in dogs and tick species identified as H. longicornis and R. (B.) microplus from China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Shi
- Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Integrated Control, Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, PR China.
| | - Bozhen Li
- Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Integrated Control, Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, PR China
| | - Jie Li
- Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Integrated Control, Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, PR China
| | - Shiwei Chen
- Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Integrated Control, Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, PR China
| | - Lulu Wang
- Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Integrated Control, Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, PR China
| | - Zhenzhen Bai
- Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Integrated Control, Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, PR China
| | - Li Zhu
- Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Integrated Control, Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, PR China
| | - Baolong Yan
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China.
| | - Lunguang Yao
- Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Integrated Control, Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, PR China.
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Ola-Fadunsin SD, Abdullah DA, Gimba FI, Abdullah FJF, Sani RA. Molecular evidence and epidemiology of “Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos” among cattle in Peninsular Malaysia using the 16S rRNA gene. BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.2019-0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Haemotropic Mycoplasma infection among cattle has not been seriously looked into, despite the fact it is associated with poor weight gain and depression. One thousand and forty-five blood samples from apparently healthy cattle from forty-three farms within the entire Peninsular Malaysia were examined over a one-year period. Using polymerase chain reaction to amplify the 16S rRNA gene, the presence of “Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos” as one of the haemotropic Mycoplasma species that affects cattle in the country was detected. Forty-seven percent of the sampled population was positive for “C. M. haemobos”, with the antigen present in all herds sampled. Breed of cattle, gender, age, production type, physiological status, herd size, management system, farm size, farm age, prophylactic treatment against blood parasites, presence of ticks, frequency of de-ticking, zone, closeness to forest, closeness to waste area, closeness to human settlement and closeness to body of water were all significantly associated (P<0.05) with the detection of “C. M. haemobos”. The findings from this study will be pivotal in government policy on this blood Mycoplasma infection, as the study happens to be the first comprehensive molecular survey of the microorganism in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. D. Ola-Fadunsin
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - D. A. Abdullah
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - F. I. Gimba
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - F. J. F. Abdullah
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - R. A. Sani
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Tatsukawa F, Nohara R, Taniguchi T, Goto A, Misawa N, Katamoto H. Detection of Mycoplasma wenyonii and "Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos" from Japanese Black breeding cows in Kyushu and Okinawa region, southern part of Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2020; 83:9-16. [PMID: 33162434 PMCID: PMC7870408 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to elucidate the epidemiological status of hemoplasma infection and investigate the interaction between Theileria orientalis
and hemoplasmas in Japanese Black breeding cows raised in the Kyushu and Okinawa regions. Blood samples were collected from 400 cows from 80 different farms in
eight prefectures (five samples per farm and 10 farms per prefecture). Mycoplasma wenyonii (Mw), “Candidatus Mycoplasma
haemobos” (CMh), and T. orientalis were examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay using whole blood samples. PCR results showed that
91.5% (366/400) of cows were positive for bovine hemoplasma: 40.3% were infected with Mw only, 9.5% with CMh only, and 41.8% with both species. T.
orientalis was detected in 36% (144/400) of cows. The infection rate of T. orientalis was higher in the grazing group
(P<0.001) than in the housed group, while the rate of CMh infection was higher (P<0.05) in the housed group than in
the grazing group, suggesting that not only the tick but also other arthropod vectors may contribute to hemoplasma transmission. Although the cows with
hemoplasma dual infection showed higher (P<0.05) white blood cell counts compared with hemoplasma-negative cows, there was no difference in
hematologic parameters related to the anemia between the hemoplasma-positive and -negative animals. This may indicate that Japanese Black cattle could have
resistance to the anemia caused by infection with hemoplasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumio Tatsukawa
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Rika Nohara
- Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen Kibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Takako Taniguchi
- Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen Kibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Akira Goto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-11, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Naoaki Misawa
- Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen Kibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Hiromu Katamoto
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
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Alabí AS, Monti G, Otth C, Sepulveda-García P, Sánchez-Hidalgo M, de Mello VVC, Machado RZ, André MR, Bittencourt P, Müller A. Molecular Survey and Genetic Diversity of Hemoplasmas in Rodents from Chile. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1493. [PMID: 33003287 PMCID: PMC7601721 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8101493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Even though hemotrophic mycoplasma (hemoplasma) infections are well documented in a wide variety of hosts worldwide, there is a gap in the knowledge aobut hemoplasmas in rodents. This study aimed to molecularly survey and investigate the genetic diversity of hemoplasmas in rodents from Chile. Synanthropic and wild rodents (n = 74) were captured in the southern province of Valdivia (Corral, Valdivia, Riñihue, and Reumén localities). Spleen samples were submitted to a conventional PCR for hemotrophic Mycoplasma spp. targeting the 16S rRNA gene (800 bp), followed by sequencing, phylogenetic, and genetic diversity analyses. The overall occurrence of hemotrophic mycoplasmas in rodents from Valdivia was 24.5% (18/74) [95% CI (14.5; 34.1)]. Hemoplasmas were detected in Mus musculus (1/4), Rattus norvegicus (1/16), Abrothrix longipilis (7/13), A. olivaceo (6/8), and Oligoryzomys longicaudatus (3/10). The nucleotide polymorphism analysis of the targeted 16S rRNA region showed low diversity, with two genotypes and a high identity to the variants detected in wild rodents from Brazil. Hemoplasmas are described for the first time in rodents from Chile with a moderate occurrence and low 16S rDNA genetic diversity within the sampled rodent population. The detected hemoplasma genotypes were specific to rodents and were not shared with other mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Salvador Alabí
- Instituto de Ciencias Clinicas Veterinarias, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 4090000, Chile; (A.S.A.); (P.S.-G.)
| | - Gustavo Monti
- Insituto de Medicina Preventiva Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 4090000, Chile;
| | - Carola Otth
- Instituto de Microbiologia Clinica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 4090000, Chile;
| | - Paulina Sepulveda-García
- Instituto de Ciencias Clinicas Veterinarias, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 4090000, Chile; (A.S.A.); (P.S.-G.)
| | - Melissa Sánchez-Hidalgo
- Instituto de Ciencia Animal, Facultad de de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 4090000, Chile;
| | - Victória Valente Califre de Mello
- Departamento de Patologia, UNESP, Teriogenologia e Saúde Única—Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinarias Universidade Estadual Paulista (FCAV), Jaboticabal, São Paulo 14884-900, Brazil; (V.V.C.d.M.); (R.Z.M.); (M.R.A.)
| | - Rosangela Zacarias Machado
- Departamento de Patologia, UNESP, Teriogenologia e Saúde Única—Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinarias Universidade Estadual Paulista (FCAV), Jaboticabal, São Paulo 14884-900, Brazil; (V.V.C.d.M.); (R.Z.M.); (M.R.A.)
| | - Marcos Rogério André
- Departamento de Patologia, UNESP, Teriogenologia e Saúde Única—Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinarias Universidade Estadual Paulista (FCAV), Jaboticabal, São Paulo 14884-900, Brazil; (V.V.C.d.M.); (R.Z.M.); (M.R.A.)
| | - Pedro Bittencourt
- One Health Center for Zoonoses and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis;
| | - Ananda Müller
- Instituto de Ciencias Clinicas Veterinarias, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 4090000, Chile; (A.S.A.); (P.S.-G.)
- One Health Center for Zoonoses and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis;
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Comparison of Light Microscopy and Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Detection of Haemoparasites in Cattle in Nigeria. Acta Parasitol 2020; 65:44-56. [PMID: 31571143 DOI: 10.2478/s11686-019-00123-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Haemoparasitic diseases are among the important factors that threaten cattle health and productivity especially in the sub-Saharan region. In Nigeria, their detection using sensitive molecular techniques is scanty. This study was designed to investigate and to reevaluate the repertoire of haemoparasites of cattle in Ibadan, Nigeria with a comparative evaluation of light microscopy (LM) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods. METHODS Blood samples from 100 cattle slaughtered at Ibadan abattoirs were examined using LM and PCR techniques for haemoparasite detection. The PCR reactions using three primer sets targeting the 16S rRNA genes for Hemoplasma spp. and Anaplasma/Ehrlichia spp. and 18S rRNA genes of Babesia/Theleiria spp. were done. A few randomly selected amplicons from each set were sequenced and analysed. RESULTS A total infection rate of 34% by LM including Hemoplasma spp. (17%), Anaplasma spp. (16%), microfilaria (5%) and Trypanosoma spp. (12%) was recorded. While, 86% positivity was recorded with PCR amplification as follows: Hemoplasma spp. (64%), Babesia/Theleiria spp. (46%) and Anaplasma/Ehrlichia spp. (5%). Comparison of LM and PCR findings showed that no LM Anaplasma spp.-positive samples and 7 out of the 17 LM hemoplasma-positive cattle were confirmed by PCR. In addition, LM led to misdiagnosis of 46 Babesia/Theleiria spp.-positive samples. Amplicon sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of Babesia/Theileria spp.-positive samples revealed Theileria velifera and Theileria annulata. In the Anaplasma/Ehrlichia spp.-positive samples, only Anaplasma marginale was characterized. Mycoplasma wenyonii, "Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos" and Pseudomonas fluorescens like were characterized among the hemoplasma-infected cattle. CONCLUSIONS The first report of "Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos" and Pseudomonas fluorescens like in Nigerian cattle is herewith documented. The alarming LM misdiagnosis of haemoparasites during this study confirms its limitations as it fails to identify many parasites and emphasizes the need for inclusion of molecular techniques to improve their detection. The study also shows for the first time the high prevalence of haemotropic mycoplasma in Nigerian cattle via molecular diagnostic methods, thus indicating a strong need for the investigation of their zoonotic implications.
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12
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Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus ticks as reservoir and vector of ‘Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos’ in China. Vet Parasitol 2019; 274:108929. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2019.108929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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de Mello VVC, de Souza Ramos IA, Herrera HM, Mendes NS, Calchi AC, Campos JBV, Macedo GC, Alves JVA, Machado RZ, André MR. Occurrence and genetic diversity of hemoplasmas in beef cattle from the Brazilian Pantanal, an endemic area for bovine trypanosomiasis in South America. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 66:101337. [PMID: 31437678 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2019.101337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Hemotropic mycoplasmas (hemoplasmas) are Gram-negative bacteria that parasitize the erythrocyte surface of a wide variety of mammals. The present study aimed at investigating the occurrence of hemoplasmas in beef cattle in the Brazilian Pantanal, an area endemic for bovine trypanosomiasis in South America. Additionally, the objective of this study was to characterize molecularly the genotypes of the found hemoplasmas. For this purpose, blood and serum samples of 400 beef cattle were collected from five properties in Corumbá, Nhecolândia sub-region, Mato Grosso do Sul, in Midwest Brazil. Blood samples underwent DNA extraction and standard 16S rRNA gene-based PCR assays for hemoplasmas. The sequences obtained were submitted to phylogenetic inferences, distance analysis, and genotype diversity. The Indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunoabsorbent Assay (iELISA) indicated the presence of anti-Trypanosoma vivax IgG antibodies in 89.75% of the animals sampled, confirming the endemicity of said agent in the studied region. Among the 400 bovine blood samples tested, 2.25% (9/400) were positive for hemoplasmas in cPCR. The phylogenetic analysis of the obtained sequences confirmed the presence of 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos' and Mycoplasma wenyonii DNA in 0.5% (2/400) and 1.75% (7/400) animals, respectively. Five genotypes of M. wenyonii and one of 'Candidatus M. haemobos' were detected among the sequenced amplicons. The present study showed low molecular occurrence of haemoplasmas in beef cattle sampled in the Brazilian Pantanal, an area endemic for bovine trypanosomiasis. Despite of the conservation of the 16S rRNA gene, there was considerable diversity of hemoplasma genotypes infecting the sampled beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victória Valente Califre de Mello
- Graduate Program in Agricultural Microbiology, Universidade Estadual Paulista (FCAV/UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias/ Universidade Estadual Paulista (FCAV/UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Inalda Angélica de Souza Ramos
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias/ Universidade Estadual Paulista (FCAV/UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Natalia Serra Mendes
- Graduate Program in Agricultural Microbiology, Universidade Estadual Paulista (FCAV/UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias/ Universidade Estadual Paulista (FCAV/UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Calchi
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias/ Universidade Estadual Paulista (FCAV/UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Rosangela Zacarias Machado
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias/ Universidade Estadual Paulista (FCAV/UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos Rogério André
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias/ Universidade Estadual Paulista (FCAV/UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil.
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14
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Nouvel LX, Hygonenq MC, Catays G, Martinelli E, Le Page P, Collin É, Inokuma H, Schelcher F, Citti C, Maillard R. First detection of Mycoplasma wenyonii in France: Identification, evaluation of the clinical impact and development of a new specific detection assay. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 63:148-153. [PMID: 30961812 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Mycoplasma wenyonii, a hemoplasma infecting cattle, was never detected in France. In 2014, evocative inclusions were observed in erythrocytes from cattle presenting milk drops, anemia, and edema in Brittany (France). A survey was then initiated to investigate the epidemiological situation and correlate mycoplasma detection with clinical signs. For this purpose, a new PCR assay targeting polC gene was designed. Comparative results with published PCR assays place this new one as more specific, allowing a one-step diagnosis without further sequencing. A total of 181 cows were included in this study and 4.97% (n = 9) were positive, resulting in the first molecular identification of M. wenyonii in France. All positive animals presented anemia, edema and milk drop. When selecting animals presenting evocative clinical signs, the prevalence of M. wenyonii in Brittany was estimated to 25.6%. Further studies are needed to evaluate the importance of the infection, the implication of arthropods and the existence of asymptomatic carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent X Nouvel
- IHAP, Pathogenesis of Mycoplasma Infections, University of Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, 23 chemin des Capelles, 31076, Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Marie-Claude Hygonenq
- IHAP, Pathogenesis of Mycoplasma Infections, University of Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, 23 chemin des Capelles, 31076, Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Guillaume Catays
- IHAP, Pathogenesis of Mycoplasma Infections, University of Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, 23 chemin des Capelles, 31076, Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Enrico Martinelli
- IHAP, Pathogenesis of Mycoplasma Infections, University of Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, 23 chemin des Capelles, 31076, Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Philippe Le Page
- Lesvet, Veterinary practice, 3 place du Champ de Bataille, 29260, Lesneven, France
| | - Éric Collin
- Veterinary practice, 30 rue des écoles, 22150, Ploeuc sur Lie, France
| | - Hisashi Inokuma
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Inada Cho, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan
| | - François Schelcher
- IHAP, Pathogenesis of Mycoplasma Infections, University of Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, 23 chemin des Capelles, 31076, Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Christine Citti
- IHAP, Pathogenesis of Mycoplasma Infections, University of Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, 23 chemin des Capelles, 31076, Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Renaud Maillard
- IHAP, Pathogenesis of Mycoplasma Infections, University of Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, 23 chemin des Capelles, 31076, Toulouse Cedex, France.
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15
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Niethammer FM, Ade J, Hoelzle LE, Schade B. Hemotrophic mycoplasma in Simmental cattle in Bavaria: prevalence, blood parameters, and transplacental transmission of 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos' and Mycoplasma wenyonii. Acta Vet Scand 2018; 60:74. [PMID: 30445976 PMCID: PMC6240245 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-018-0428-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The significance of hemotrophic mycoplasma in cattle remains unclear. Especially in Europe, their epidemiological parameters as well as pathophysiological influence on cows are lacking. The objectives of this study were: (1) to describe the prevalence of ‘Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos’ (‘C. M. haemobos’) and Mycoplasma wenyonii (M. wenyonii) in Bavaria, Germany; (2) to evaluate their association with several blood parameters; (3) to explore the potential of vertical transmission in Simmental cattle; and (4) to evaluate the accuracy of acridine-orange-stained blood smears compared to real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results to detect hemotrophic mycoplasma. A total of 410 ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid-blood samples from cows from 41 herds were evaluated by hematology, acridine-orange-stained blood smears, and real-time PCR. Additionally, blood samples were taken from dry cows of six dairy farms with positive test results for hemotrophic mycoplasma to investigate vertical transmission of infection. Results The period prevalence of both species was 60.24% (247/410), C. M. haemobos 56.59% (232/410), M. wenyonii 8.54% (35/410) and for coinfection 4.88% (20/410). Of the relevant blood parameters, only mean cell volume (MCV), mean cell hemoglobin (MCH), and white blood cell count (WBC) showed differences between the groups of infected and non-infected individuals. There were lower values of MCV (P < 0.01) and MCH (P < 0.01) and higher values of WBC (P < 0.05) in ‘C. M. haemobos’-infected cows. In contrast, co-infected individuals had only higher WBC (P < 0.05). In M. wenyonii-positive blood samples, MCH was significantly lower (P < 0.05). Vertical transmission of ‘C. M. haemobos’ was confirmed in two calves. The acridine-orange-method had a low sensitivity (37.39%), specificity (65.97%), positive predictive value (63.70%) and negative predictive value (39.75%) compared to PCR. Conclusions ‘Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos’ was more prevalent than M. wenyonii in Bavarian Simmental cattle, but infection had little impact on evaluated blood parameters. Vertical transmission of the infection was rare. Real-time PCR is the preferred diagnostic method compared to the acridine-orange-method.
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16
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Cohen C, Shemesh M, Garrido M, Messika I, Einav M, Khokhlova I, Tasker S, Hawlena H. Haemoplasmas in wild rodents: Routes of transmission and infection dynamics. Mol Ecol 2018; 27:3714-3726. [PMID: 30074652 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The way that some parasites and pathogens persist in the hostile environment of their host for long periods remains to be resolved. Here, longitudinal field surveys were combined with laboratory experiments to investigate the routes of transmission and infection dynamics of such a pathogen-a wild rodent haemotropic bacterium, specifically a Mycoplasma haemomuris-like bacterium. Fleaborne transmission, direct rodent-to-rodent transmission and vertical transmission from fleas or rodents to their offspring were experimentally quantified, and indications were found that the main route of bacterial transmission is direct, although its rate of successful transmission is low (~20%). The bacterium's temporal dynamics was then compared in the field to that observed under a controlled infection experiment in field-infected and laboratory-infected rodents, and indications were found, under all conditions, that the bacterium reached its peak infection level after 25-45 days and then decreased to low bacterial loads, which persist for the rodent's lifetime. These findings suggest that the bacterium relies on persistency with low bacterial loads for long-term coexistence with its rodent host, having both conceptual and applied implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmit Cohen
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Merav Shemesh
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Mario Garrido
- Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | - Irit Messika
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Monica Einav
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Irina Khokhlova
- Wyler Department of Dryland Agriculture, French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | - Séverine Tasker
- School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Langford, UK
| | - Hadas Hawlena
- Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
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17
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Quantitative analysis of Mycoplasma wenyonii and 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos" infections in cattle using novel gapN-based realtime PCR assays. Vet Microbiol 2018; 220:1-6. [PMID: 29885793 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Hemotrophic mycoplasmas (HMs) are associated with anemia and other disease complexes in a wide range of livestock and wild animals. Two bovine HM species have been identified to date, i.e. Mycoplasma wenyonii and 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos'. The study aim was to develop quantitative real-time PCR assays (qPCRs) to detect and quantify M. wenyonii and 'C. M. haemobos' and to apply these assays to DNA samples extracted from bovine blood collected in Germany (n = 220) from 22 herds. The qPCR assays specific for M. wenyonii and 'C. M. haemobos' were designed using the gapN of the respective hemoplasma species as gene target which encodes the NADP-dependent glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenases (GAPN). The sensitivity of both assays was 10 genome equivalents per reaction, corresponding to 2500 genome equivalents per ml blood. No cross-reactivity with non-target bovine HMs. and other bovine pathogens was observed. Bovine HM DNA was detected in 137 samples (62.27%) with 118 samples (53.64%) being positive for 'C.M. haemobos' and 19 samples (8.64%) being positive for M. wenyonii. Thereof, 11 animals (5.00%) were co-infected with both bovine HM species. The found herd prevalence for `C. M. haemobos` was 100.00%, and for M. wenyonii 36.36% with mean bacterial loads of 3.7 × 107 `C. M. haemobos`/mL blood and of 4.29 × 105M. wenyonii/mL blood respectively. Clinical and economic relevance of bovine HM species should be goal of future studies for which the novel gapN qPCR assays can serve as a valuable diagnostic tool.
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18
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Novel hemotropic mycoplasmas are widespread and genetically diverse in vampire bats. Epidemiol Infect 2017; 145:3154-3167. [PMID: 29061202 DOI: 10.1017/s095026881700231x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bats (Order: Chiroptera) have been widely studied as reservoir hosts for viruses of concern for human and animal health. However, whether bats are equally competent hosts of non-viral pathogens such as bacteria remains an important open question. Here, we surveyed blood and saliva samples of vampire bats from Peru and Belize for hemotropic Mycoplasma spp. (hemoplasmas), bacteria that can cause inapparent infection or anemia in hosts. 16S rRNA gene amplification of blood showed 67% (150/223) of common vampire bats (Desmodus rotundus) were infected by hemoplasmas. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene amplicons revealed three novel genotypes that were phylogenetically related but not identical to hemoplasmas described from other (non-vampire) bat species, rodents, humans, and non-human primates. Hemoplasma prevalence in vampire bats was highest in non-reproductive and young individuals, did not differ by country, and was relatively stable over time (i.e., endemic). Metagenomics from pooled D. rotundus saliva from Peru detected non-hemotropic Mycoplasma species and hemoplasma genotypes phylogenetically similar to those identified in blood, providing indirect evidence for potential direct transmission of hemoplasmas through biting or social contacts. This study demonstrates vampire bats host several novel hemoplasmas and sheds light on risk factors for infection and basic transmission routes. Given the high frequency of direct contacts that arise when vampire bats feed on humans, domestic animals, and wildlife, the potential of these bacteria to be transmitted between species should be investigated in future work.
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Wang X, Cui Y, Zhang Y, Shi K, Yan Y, Jian F, Zhang L, Wang R, Ning C. Molecular characterization of hemotropic mycoplasmas (Mycoplasma ovis and 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haemovis') in sheep and goats in China. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:142. [PMID: 28549435 PMCID: PMC5446696 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1062-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemotropic mycoplasmas (hemoplasmas) are emerging zoonotic pathogens with a worldwide distribution that can cause mild to severe hemolytic anemia, icterus, ill-thrift, infertility, and poor weight gain. However, understanding of the molecular epidemiology of hemoplasmas (Mycoplasma ovis and 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haemovis') is limited in sheep and goats, and the hemoplasma strain/species/variant 'Candidatus M. haemovis' was poorly studied throughout the world and had never been detected in China until now. Thus, the aim of the present study was to determine the molecular prevalence of hemoplasmas, including M. ovis and 'Candidatus M. haemovis' in sheep and goats from seven provinces and one autonomous region of China. METHODS A total of 1364 blood samples were collected from sheep and goats in seven provinces and one autonomous region of China. All blood samples were tested for hemoplasmas (M. ovis and 'Candidatus M. haemovis') by nested PCR amplification based on 16S rRNA gene. Positive specimens underwent nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. RESULTS Overall, 610 specimens (44.7%, 610/1364) were shown to be hemoplasmas (M. ovis and 'Candidatus M. haemovis') -positive by nested PCR amplification based on 16S rRNA gene. The prevalence in goats was 44.1% (379/860), and 45.8% (231/504) in sheep, while that in grazing small ruminants was 54.4% (396/728) and 33.6% (214/636) in house feeding small ruminants. Sequencing of the nearly complete 16S rRNA gene was successful for the 103 randomly selected positive specimens from different farms in different sampling sites of China. Among them, analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences identified M. ovis (n = 56) and 'Candidatus M. haemovis' (n = 47). Two (KU983740 and KU983746) of the four novel genotypes obtained in this study were closely related to M. ovis, while the other two genotypes (KU983748 and KU983749) had high identity with 'Candidatus M. haemovis'. Remarkably, the genotype (KU983740) of M. ovis in sheep and goats in this study fell in a clade with two human hemoplasmas from USA (KF313922 and GU230144) and shared 99.8%-99.9% with them. CONCLUSIONS In this study, 'Candidatus M. haemovis' was first detected in Chinese sheep and goats and hemoplasmas (M. ovis and 'Candidatus M. haemovis') are highly prevalent, and widely distributed in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxing Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Cui
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ke Shi
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaqun Yan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002 People’s Republic of China
| | - Fuchun Jian
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002 People’s Republic of China
| | - Longxian Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002 People’s Republic of China
| | - Rongjun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002 People’s Republic of China
| | - Changshen Ning
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002 People’s Republic of China
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20
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Bergmann M, Englert T, Stuetzer B, Hawley JR, Lappin MR, Hartmann K. Risk factors of different hemoplasma species infections in cats. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:52. [PMID: 28202016 PMCID: PMC5312425 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-0953-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hemoplasma species (spp.) commonly cause infections in cats worldwide. However, data on risk factors for infections are limited. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of hemoplasma spp. infections in cats in Southern Germany and to assess risk factors associated with infection. Results DNA was extracted from blood samples of 479 cats presented to different veterinary hospitals for various reasons. DNA of feline hemoplasmas was amplified by use of a previously reported PCR assay. Direct sequencing was used to confirm all purified amplicons and compared to hemoplasma sequences reported in GenBank. Results were evaluated in relation to the age, sex, housing conditions, feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) status of the cats. The overall hemoplasma prevalence rate was 9.4% (45/479; 95% CI: 7.08–12.36). ‘Candidatus Mycoplasma (M.) haemominutum’ (Mhm) DNA was amplified from 42 samples, M. haemofelis from 2, and M. haemocanis from 1 sample. There was a significantly higher risk of hemoplasma infection in cats from multi-cat households, in outdoor cats, as well as in cats with FIVinfection and in cats with abortive FeLV infection, but not in cats with progressive or regressive FeLV infection. Conclusions Mhm infection is common in cats in Southern Germany. Higher prevalence in multi-cat households and associations with FeLV infection likely reflect the potential for direct transmission amongst cats. Outdoor access, male gender, and FIV infection are additional risk factors that might relate to aggressive interactions and exposure to vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michèle Bergmann
- Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Veterinaerstrasse 13, 80539, Munich, Germany.
| | - Theresa Englert
- Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Veterinaerstrasse 13, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Bianca Stuetzer
- Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Veterinaerstrasse 13, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Jennifer R Hawley
- Center for Companion Animal Studies, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Michael R Lappin
- Center for Companion Animal Studies, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Katrin Hartmann
- Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Veterinaerstrasse 13, 80539, Munich, Germany
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Mascarelli PE, Keel MK, Yabsley M, Last LA, Breitschwerdt EB, Maggi RG. Hemotropic mycoplasmas in little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus). Parasit Vectors 2014; 7:117. [PMID: 24655520 PMCID: PMC3994326 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-7-117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hemotropic mycoplasmas are epicellular erythrocytic bacteria that can cause infectious anemia in some mammalian species. Worldwide, hemotropic mycoplasmas are emerging or re-emerging zoonotic pathogens potentially causing serious and significant health problems in wildlife. The objective of this study was to determine the molecular prevalence of hemotropic Mycoplasma species in little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) with and without Pseudogymnoascus (Geomyces) destrucans, the causative agent of white nose syndrome (WNS) that causes significant mortality events in bats. Methods In order to establish the prevalence of hemotropic Mycoplasma species in a population of 68 little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) with (n = 53) and without (n = 15) white-nose syndrome (WNS), PCR was performed targeting the 16S rRNA gene. Results The overall prevalence of hemotropic Mycoplasmas in bats was 47%, with similar (p = 0.5725) prevalence between bats with WNS (49%) and without WNS (40%). 16S rDNA sequence analysis (~1,200 bp) supports the presence of a novel hemotropic Mycoplasma species with 91.75% sequence homology with Mycoplasma haemomuris. No differences were found in gene sequences generated from WNS and non-WNS animals. Conclusions Gene sequences generated from WNS and non-WNS animals suggest that little brown bats could serve as a natural reservoir for this potentially novel Mycoplasma species. Currently, there is minimal information about the prevalence, host-specificity, or the route of transmission of hemotropic Mycoplasma spp. among bats. Finally, the potential role of hemotropic Mycoplasma spp. as co-factors in the development of disease manifestations in bats, including WNS in Myotis lucifugus, remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ricardo G Maggi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.
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22
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Maggi RG, Chitwood MC, Kennedy-Stoskopf S, DePerno CS. Novel hemotropic Mycoplasma species in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2013; 36:607-11. [PMID: 24018179 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2013.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Globally, hemotropic Mycoplasma spp. are emerging or re-emerging zoonotic pathogens that affect livestock, wildlife, companion animals, and humans, potentially causing serious and economically important disease problems. Little is known about hemotropic Mycoplasma spp. prevalence, host-specificity, or route of transmission in most species, including wildlife. DNA amplification by PCR targeting the 16SrRNA and the RNaseP genes was used to establish the presence and prevalence of hemotropic Mycoplasma spp. in a white-tailed deer (O. virginianus) population in eastern North Carolina. Sixty-five deer (89%) tested positive for hemotropic Mycoplasma spp. where sequence analysis of the 16SsRNA and the RNaseP genes indicated the presence of at least three distinct species. This study represents the first detection of three distinct hemotropic Mycoplasma species in white-tailed deer and the first report of two novel hemotropic Mycoplasma species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo G Maggi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.
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Abstract
Mycoplasma wenyonii is a hemotrophic mycoplasma that causes acute and chronic infections in cattle. Here, we announce the first complete genome sequence of this organism. The genome is a single circular chromosome with 650,228 bp and G+C% of 33.9. Analyses of M. wenyonii genome will provide insights into its biology.
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Tagawa M, Ybanez AP, Matsumoto K, Yokoyama N, Inokuma H. Prevalence and risk factor analysis of bovine hemoplasma infection by direct PCR in Eastern Hokkaido, Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2012; 74:1171-6. [PMID: 22673725 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.12-0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence and risk factors of 2 bovine hemoplasma species-Mycoplasma wenyonii (Mw) and "Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos" (CMh)-were examined by direct PCR using whole blood samples collected from 343 cattle in Eastern Hokkaido, Japan. The sensitivity of the direct PCR assay was 10-fold higher than the standard PCR assay, detecting 5 copies of bovine hemoplasma DNA per reaction. An epidemiological survey of sampling location, living conditions, age and bovine leukemia virus antibody was performed to assess infection risk factors. The prevalence rates were 38.5% for Mw and 39.1% for CMh, respectively, with an overall prevalence rate of 64.7% for all bovine hemoplasma infections. Significant differences were found in sampling location, living conditions and age. Compared with pastured cattle, farmed cattle were significantly more susceptible to infection with total hemoplasma species (P<0.001), and were particularly susceptible to CMh (P<0.001). Cattle that were 1-3 years of age were more susceptible to infection with hemoplasma compared with other age groups. Bovine leukemia virus infection status was not significantly associated with hemoplasma infections. Blood examination revealed significantly lower RBC, Hb, and PCV levels, and a higher MCV in infected cattle than in noninfected cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michihito Tagawa
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan
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Ayling RD, Bisgaard-Frantzen S, Adler A, Blowey RW, Barlow AM, Millar MF, van der Burgt GM. Detection of 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos', Mycoplasma wenyonii and Anaplasma phagocytophilum from cattle in England. Vet Rec 2012; 170:543. [PMID: 22517868 DOI: 10.1136/vr.100636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R D Ayling
- AHVLA (Weybridge), Woodham Lane, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK.
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