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Sukmak M, Okamoto M, Ando T, Hagiwara K. Genetic stability of the open reading frame 2 (ORF2) of borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1) distributed in cattle in Hokkaido. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:1526-1533. [PMID: 34393150 PMCID: PMC8569879 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Borna disease virus (BoDV) is a neurotropic virus that causes several infections in
humans and neurological diseases in a wide range of animals worldwide. BoDV-1 has been
molecularly and serologically detected in many domestic and wild animals in Japan;
however, the genetic diversity of this virus and the origin of its infection are not fully
understood. In this study, we investigated BoDV-1 infection and genetic diversity in
samples collected from animals in Hokkaido between 2006 and 2020. The analysis was
performed by focusing on the P region of BoDV-1 for virus detection. The presence of
BoDV-1 RNA was observed in samples of brain tissue and various organs derived from
persistently infected cattle. Moreover, after inoculation, BoDV-positive brains were
isolated from neonatal rats. The gene sequences of the P region of BoDV obtained from the
rat brain were in the same cluster as the P region of the virus isolated from the original
bovine. Thus, genetic variation in BoDV-1 was extremely low. The phylogenetic analysis
revealed that BoDV-1 isolates obtained in this study were part of the same cluster, which
suggested that BoDV-1 of the same cluster was widespread among animals in Hokkaido.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manakorn Sukmak
- Department of Farm Resources and Production Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetseart University.,Kamphaengsaen Veterinary Diagnostic Center (KVDC), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetseart University
| | | | - Tastuya Ando
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University
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ANDO T, TAKINO T, MAKITA K, TAJIMA M, KOIWA M, HAGIWARA K. Sero-epidemiological analysis of vertical transmission relative risk of Borna disease virus infection in dairy herds. J Vet Med Sci 2016; 78:1669-1672. [PMID: 27498995 PMCID: PMC5138419 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.16-0156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Borna disease virus (BDV) is a virus that causes a neurological disease in domestic animals, including a variety of animal species in Japan. Few studies have examined the mode of transmission of this virus in cattle, and the exact mechanisms underlying the transmission of the virus need to be elucidated. This study aimed to examine the contribution of vertical transmission of the virus, which occurs when the virus is transmitted from the mother to offspring during gestation or birth. We used an epidemiological approach. The relative risk (RR) was calculated for cattle born to BDV sero-positive cows from farms with a higher within-herd prevalence of BDV (56.8%). We tested the sera of 1,122 dairy cattle from 24 dairy herds in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan, for BDV infection using the ELISA and western blotting method. The overall level of BDV sero-prevalence was 22.1%. Seroprevalence was significantly higher in closed-breeding herds that do not have buying in cows (39.7%) than in farms that restock cattle by buying in cows (4.4%, P<0.01). The overall RR of BDV vertical transmission from infected mothers to their daughters was 1.86 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.54-2.56). Our results show that vertical transmission contributes significantly to BDV transmission in the farms tested in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya ANDO
- Ishikari Agricultural Mutual Relief Association, Hokkaido
067–0055, Japan
| | - Tadashi TAKINO
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University,
Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069–8501, Japan
- Scientific Feed Laboratory co., Ltd. 3–3 Miyahara-cho,
Takasaki-city, Gunma 370–1202, Japan
| | - Kohei MAKITA
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University,
Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069–8501, Japan
| | - Motoshi TAJIMA
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University,
Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069–8501, Japan
| | - Masateru KOIWA
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University,
Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069–8501, Japan
| | - Katsuro HAGIWARA
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University,
Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069–8501, Japan
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Takino T, Okamura T, Ando T, Hagiwara K. Change in the responsiveness of interferon-stimulated genes during early pregnancy in cows with Borna virus-1 infection. BMC Vet Res 2016; 12:253. [PMID: 27842550 PMCID: PMC5109691 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0883-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Borna disease virus is a neurotropic pathogen and infects the central nervous system. This virus infected a variety of animal species including cows. The most of cows infected with Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1) exhibit subclinical infection without any neurological symptoms throughout their lifetime. We previously reported on the low conception rates in-seropositive cows. Interferon-τ (IFN-τ) plays an important role in stable fertilization, and is produced from the fetal side following embryo growth at 15–40 days of pregnancy. IFN-τ induces the expression of interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) 15 and Mx2 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). To understand the embryo growth and maternal reaction during early pregnancy in cows with BoDV-1 infection, we aimed to assess the gene expression of ISG15 and Mx2 from PBMCs in BoDV-1-seropositive cows. Results None of the cows showed any clinical and neurological symptoms. Among the cows that conceived, the expressions of the ISG15 and Mx2 genes were greater in the BoDV-1-seropositive cows than in the BoDV-1-seronegative cows; the difference was significant between the cows that conceived and those that did not (P < 0.05). Conclusions The expression of ISG15 and Mx2 genes during early pregnancy significantly increased in the BoDV-1-seropositive cows and may be important for the maintenance of stable pregnancy in BoDV-1-infected cows. In contrast, the gene expression levels of ISG15 and Mx2 did not significantly increase during early pregnancy in BoDV-1-seronegative cows. Thus, BoDV-1 infection may lead to instability in the maintenance of early pregnancy by interfering with INF-τ production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Takino
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan.,Scientific Feed Laboratory Co., Ltd., 3-5 Miyahara, Takasaki, Gunma, Japan
| | - Taku Okamura
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ando
- Veterinary Clinical Center, NOSAI Hokkaido, Ishikari district, Japan
| | - Katsuro Hagiwara
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan.
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Zimmermann V, Rinder M, Kaspers B, Staeheli P, Rubbenstroth D. Impact of antigenic diversity on laboratory diagnosis of Avian bornavirus infections in birds. J Vet Diagn Invest 2014; 26:769-77. [PMID: 25135010 DOI: 10.1177/1040638714547258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian bornaviruses (ABVs) are a group of genetically diverse viruses within the Bornaviridae family that can infect numerous avian species and represent the causative agents of proventricular dilatation disease, an often fatal disease that is widely distributed in captive populations of parrots and related species. The current study was designed to assess the antigenic variability of the family Bornaviridae and to determine its impact on ABV diagnosis by employing fluorescent antibody assays. It was shown that polyclonal rabbit sera directed against recombinant bornavirus nucleoprotein, X protein, phosphoprotein, and matrix protein provided sufficient cross-reactivity for the detection of viral antigen from a broad range of bornavirus genotypes grown in cell culture. In contrast, a rabbit anti-glycoprotein serum and 2 monoclonal antibodies directed against nucleoprotein and phosphoprotein proteins reacted more specifically. Antibodies were readily detected in sera from avian patients infected with known ABV genotypes if cells persistently infected with a variety of different bornavirus genotypes were used for analysis. For all sera, calculated antibody titers were highest when the homologous or a closely related target virus was used for the assay. Cross-reactivity with more distantly related genotypes of other phylogenetic groups was usually reduced, resulting in titer reduction of up to 3 log units. The presented results contribute to a better understanding of the antigenic diversity of family Bornaviridae and further emphasize the importance of choosing appropriate diagnostic tools for sensitive detection of ABV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Zimmermann
- Institute for Virology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (Zimmermann, Staeheli, Rubbenstroth)Clinic for Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians and Ornamental Fish, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, University Ludwig Maximilian Munich, Oberschleißheim, Germany (Rinder)Department of Veterinary Sciences, University Ludwig Maximilian Munich, Munich, Germany (Kaspers)
| | - Monika Rinder
- Institute for Virology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (Zimmermann, Staeheli, Rubbenstroth)Clinic for Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians and Ornamental Fish, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, University Ludwig Maximilian Munich, Oberschleißheim, Germany (Rinder)Department of Veterinary Sciences, University Ludwig Maximilian Munich, Munich, Germany (Kaspers)
| | - Bernd Kaspers
- Institute for Virology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (Zimmermann, Staeheli, Rubbenstroth)Clinic for Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians and Ornamental Fish, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, University Ludwig Maximilian Munich, Oberschleißheim, Germany (Rinder)Department of Veterinary Sciences, University Ludwig Maximilian Munich, Munich, Germany (Kaspers)
| | - Peter Staeheli
- Institute for Virology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (Zimmermann, Staeheli, Rubbenstroth)Clinic for Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians and Ornamental Fish, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, University Ludwig Maximilian Munich, Oberschleißheim, Germany (Rinder)Department of Veterinary Sciences, University Ludwig Maximilian Munich, Munich, Germany (Kaspers)
| | - Dennis Rubbenstroth
- Institute for Virology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (Zimmermann, Staeheli, Rubbenstroth)Clinic for Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians and Ornamental Fish, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, University Ludwig Maximilian Munich, Oberschleißheim, Germany (Rinder)Department of Veterinary Sciences, University Ludwig Maximilian Munich, Munich, Germany (Kaspers)
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Abstract
Bornaviridae is an enveloped animal virus carrying an 8.9 kb non-segmented, negative-strand RNA genome. The genus bornavirus contains two members infecting vertebrates, Borna disease virus (BDV) and avian bornavirus (ABV), which could preferably infect the nervous systems. BDV causes classical Borna disease, a progressive meningoencephalomyelitis, in horses and sheep, and ABV is known to induce proventricular dilatation disease, a fatal disease characterized by a lymphocytic, plasmacytic inflammation of central and peripheral nervous tissues, in multiple avian species. Recent evidences have demonstrated that bornavirus is unique among RNA viruses as they not only establish a long-lasting, persistent infection in the nucleus, but also integrate their own DNA genome copy into the host chromosome. In this review, I outline the recent knowledge about the unique virological characteristics of bornaviruses, as well as the diseases caused by the infection of BDV and ABV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keizo Tomonaga
- Department of Viral Oncology, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University
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