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Hwang H, Dong HJ, Han J, Cho S, Kim Y, Lee I. Prevalence and treatment of gastric ulcers in Thoroughbred racehorses of Korea. J Vet Sci 2022; 23:e19. [PMID: 35187877 PMCID: PMC8977533 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.21247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric ulcer is one of the prevalent diseases in racehorses. However, it has not been recognized as important in Korea, and drugs used to treat gastric ulcers are included in the doping test list, so they are not allowed to be administered to racehorses in training. Objectives This study was performed 1) to investigate the prevalence and the severity of gastric ulcers in Thoroughbred racehorses in Korea, 2) to confirm the therapeutic effect of ranitidine and omeprazole, and 3) to compare the efficacy between ranitidine and omeprazole. Methods Forty-nine horses were randomly recruited, and gastroscopy was performed within two days after racing. Twelve horses with a sum grade of five or higher were randomly assigned to two treatment groups. Seven horses were administered ranitidine, and five horses were administered omeprazole. Follow-up gastroscopy was scheduled within one to five days after finishing the treatment. Results The prevalence of gastric ulcer in Korean Thoroughbred racehorses after racing was 100%, and the grade was more severe in the non-glandular region than in the pyloric region. There was no correlation between the severity of gastric ulcer in the two regions. Omeprazole had a greater therapeutic effect than ranitidine. Conclusions This study shows the importance of recognizing gastric ulcers as an important factor, and omeprazole as a possible treatment option in Korea, as it has been removed from the list of prohibited substances for racehorses. Thus, the use of omeprazole is currently recommended until one day before the race.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeshin Hwang
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hee-Jin Dong
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology and Preventive Medicine, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Janet Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Seongbeom Cho
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology and Preventive Medicine, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Yongbaek Kim
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Inhyung Lee
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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Lo Feudo CM, Stucchi L, Conturba B, Alberti E, Zucca E, Ferrucci F. Effects of a nutraceutical supplement in the management of mild equine squamous gastric disease in endurance horses. Vet Rec 2021; 189:e942. [PMID: 34562281 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Equine squamous gastric disease (ESGD) may require prolonged treatments with acid suppressants; therefore, interest in nutraceutical supplements with anti-ulcerogenic properties has increased. This study aims to investigate the efficacy of Trophogast pellet for the treatment of ESGD in endurance horses. MATERIAL AND METHODS Fifteen endurance horses were included based on their gastroscopic examination and randomly assigned to a treatment group, receiving Trophogast pellet for 30 days together with management changes, or to a control group, only subjected to management modifications. At the end of treatment, gastroscopy was repeated. Scores were assigned according to the Equine Gastric Ulcer Council scoring system. All horses were weighed at the beginning and at the end of the study. ESGD grades and weight before and after treatment were compared. RESULTS At enrolment, median ESGD score in the treatment group was 2, while in the control group it was 1. After the treatment period, a significant decrease in ESGD grade was observed in the treatment group (median 1, p = 0.0078), while there was no change in the control group (median 2). No significant weight change was observed in either group. CONCLUSION Trophogast pellet was effective at promoting healing of mild ESGD in endurance horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Maria Lo Feudo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Equine Sports Medicine Laboratory "Franco Tradati", Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Luca Stucchi
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Bianca Conturba
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Elena Alberti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Equine Sports Medicine Laboratory "Franco Tradati", Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Enrica Zucca
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Equine Sports Medicine Laboratory "Franco Tradati", Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Francesco Ferrucci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Equine Sports Medicine Laboratory "Franco Tradati", Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
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Kitaura T, Sato F, Hada T, Ishimaru M, Kodama R, Nambo Y, Watanabe G, Taya K. Influence of exercise and emotional stresses on secretion of prolactin and growth hormone in Thoroughbred horses. J Equine Sci 2021; 32:49-53. [PMID: 34220271 PMCID: PMC8240521 DOI: 10.1294/jes.32.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The secretion of prolactin and growth hormone in response to exercise and emotional
stresses was investigated in Thoroughbreds. Two experiments were performed: one with
loading of only exercise stress and one with simultaneous loading of exercise and
emotional stresses. Exercise stress was loaded in 4 steps using a treadmill for horses:
pre-exercise period (5 min), walking period (6.5 min), galloping period (3 min), and
cooling down period (10 min). Emotional stress was loaded by showing a loud video of an
audience at a racetrack during the walking period. The results clearly demonstrated that
exercise stress rapidly increased the secretion of prolactin and growth hormone and that
secretion of them persisted for a specific period after the exercise. In addition,
emotional stress promoted prolactin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Kitaura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Fumio Sato
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.,Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Tochigi 329-0412, Japan
| | - Testuro Hada
- Ritto Training Center, Japan Racing Association, Shiga 520-3085, Japan
| | - Mutsuki Ishimaru
- Hidaka Training and Research Center, Japan Racing Association, Hokkaido 057-0171, Japan
| | - Rumi Kodama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yasuo Nambo
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Gen Watanabe
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.,United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.,Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences (Doctoral Program), Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Taya
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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Mason LV, Moroney JR, Mason RJ. Prophylactic therapy with omeprazole for prevention of equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS) in horses in active training: A meta-analysis. Equine Vet J 2018; 51:11-19. [PMID: 29665126 DOI: 10.1111/evj.12951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Guidelines regarding the impact and value of prophylaxis or maintenance therapy in equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS) are not well-established or defined. The merits and the magnitude of effects of prophylaxis for spontaneous or recurrent squamous gastric ulceration in horses in training are uncertain. OBJECTIVES To pool data from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) to eliminate reporting bias and evaluate the efficacy of prophylactic omeprazole in the prevention of EGUS in training horses, and secondarily to compare prophylactic dosages of omeprazole. STUDY DESIGN Meta-analysis. METHODS This meta-analysis was conducted according to the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A systematic literature search identified RCTs comparing omeprazole prophylaxis with sham in prevention of EGUS. Data were analysed using the Mantel-Haenszel test method to calculate risk ratio (RR) or mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Primary outcome was efficacy of prophylaxis. Secondary outcome was endoscopic severity of ulceration. The influence of study characteristics on the outcomes was examined by subgroup analyses. RESULTS In preventing gastric ulcer occurrence, omeprazole prophylaxis was superior to sham in training horses (7 trials, 566 horses, RR 0.28, 95% CI 0.18-0.43; 23.4% in omeprazole prophylaxis vs. 77.2% in sham; high quality evidence). Prevalence of ulceration was 75.3 and 87.2% in the sham arms of the 1 mg/kg and 2 mg/kg omeprazole groups, respectively. Severity scores were significantly lower for omeprazole vs. sham (mean difference [MD] -1.05; 95% CI -1.35 to -0.69). Subgroup analyses comparing prophylactic omeprazole dosages resulted in a mean difference of -0.94 and -1.60 for the 1 and 2 mg/kg groups, respectively. MAIN LIMITATIONS Studies showed heterogeneity with regard to prophylactic dose. CONCLUSIONS Omeprazole prophylaxis in active training horses significantly reduces gastric ulceration compared with no prophylaxis (sham) with the absolute effect of 566 fewer ulcers per 1000 horses treated.
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Affiliation(s)
- L V Mason
- San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - J R Moroney
- Raritan Valley Community College, Branchburg, New Jersey, USA
| | - R J Mason
- Ethicon Inc., Somerville, New Jersey, USA
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Endo Y, Ishikawa Y, Arima D, Mae N, Iwamoto Y, Korosue K, Tsuzuki N, Hobo S. Effects of pre-shipping enrofloxacin administration on fever and blood properties in adult Thoroughbred racehorses transported a long distance. J Vet Med Sci 2017; 79:464-466. [PMID: 28111418 PMCID: PMC5383162 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.16-0465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the effects of single-dose enrofloxacin (ERFX) on fever and blood properties in 68 Thoroughbred racehorses after long-distance transportation,
horses were assigned to receive ERFX (5 mg/kg, IV; ERFX group; n=52) or saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (50 ml, IV; control group; n=16) ≤1 hr
before transportation. Horses were transported 1,122 km using commercial vans over the course of approximately 21 hr. Clinical examinations and hematologic
analyses were performed before and after transportation. Rectal temperatures, white blood cell counts and serum amyloid A concentration of ERFX group were
significantly lower than control group (P<0.01, P<0.01 and P<0.05, respectively). In conclusion,
these results show ERFX administration just before transportation is effective at preventing transportation-associated fever in adult Thoroughbred
racehorses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiro Endo
- Miyazaki Yearling Training Farm, Japan Racing Association, Miyazaki 880-0036, Japan
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Diseases of the Alimentary Tract. Vet Med (Auckl) 2017. [PMCID: PMC7167529 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-7020-5246-0.00007-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Di Salvo A, Busechian S, Zappulla F, Marchesi MC, Pieramati C, Orvieto S, Boveri M, Predieri PG, Rueca F, della Rocca G. Pharmacokinetics and tolerability of a new formulation of omeprazole in the horse. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2016; 40:348-355. [DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Di Salvo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine; University of Perugia; Perugia Italy
| | - S. Busechian
- Department of Veterinary Medicine; University of Perugia; Perugia Italy
| | - F. Zappulla
- Department of Veterinary Medicine; University of Perugia; Perugia Italy
| | - M. C. Marchesi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine; University of Perugia; Perugia Italy
| | - C. Pieramati
- Department of Veterinary Medicine; University of Perugia; Perugia Italy
| | - S. Orvieto
- Veterinary Practitioner; Acquasparta Terni Italy
| | - M. Boveri
- CROSS Research S.A.; Arzo Switzerland
| | | | - F. Rueca
- Department of Veterinary Medicine; University of Perugia; Perugia Italy
| | - G. della Rocca
- Department of Veterinary Medicine; University of Perugia; Perugia Italy
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Sykes BW, Underwood C, McGowan CM, Mills PC. The effects of dose and diet on the pharmacokinetics of omeprazole in the horse. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2016; 40:172-178. [DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. W. Sykes
- School of Veterinary Science; The University of Queensland; Gatton Qld Australia
| | - C. Underwood
- School of Veterinary Science; The University of Queensland; Gatton Qld Australia
| | - C. M. McGowan
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease; University of Liverpool; Liverpool UK
| | - P. C. Mills
- School of Veterinary Science; The University of Queensland; Gatton Qld Australia
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Sykes BW, Jokisalo JM. Rethinking equine gastric ulcer syndrome: Part 2 - Equine squamous gastric ulcer syndrome (ESGUS). EQUINE VET EDUC 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.12277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. W. Sykes
- BW Sykes Consultancy; Upper Orara New South Wales Australia
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Sanz MG, Viljoen A, Saulez MN, Olorunju S, Andrews FM. Efficacy of a pectin-lecithin complex for treatment and prevention of gastric ulcers in horses. Vet Rec 2014; 175:147. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.102359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. G. Sanz
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies; Faculty of Veterinary Science; University of Pretoria; Onderstepoort 0110 South Africa
- Department of Veterinary Science; Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center; University of Kentucky; Lexington KY 40546 USA
| | - A. Viljoen
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies; Faculty of Veterinary Science; University of Pretoria; Onderstepoort 0110 South Africa
| | - M. N. Saulez
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies; Faculty of Veterinary Science; University of Pretoria; Onderstepoort 0110 South Africa
- Drakenstein Veterinary Clinic; Western Cape 7599 South Africa
| | - S. Olorunju
- The Biostatistics Unit; Medical Research Council of South Africa; Pretoria 0001 South Africa
| | - F. M. Andrews
- The Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; School of Veterinary Medicine; Louisiana State University; Louisiana 70803 USA
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