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Iima H, Teraoka H. Middle upper beak fracture in a Red-crowned crane that completely recovered with external skeletal fixation. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:742-745. [PMID: 33692230 PMCID: PMC8111358 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An adult Red-crowned crane in captivity that had a displaced compound fracture of the
middle upper beak caused by an accident was treated by using Type I-a external skeletal
fixator (ESF). The ESF that was equipped with a unilateral epoxy putty fixator and with
five half-pins was fixed on the premaxilla bone. The crane with the ESF on the beak was
able to feed smoothly by itself. The ESF was removed 49 days after the first surgery. Beak
malocclusion, which was observed in the latter half period of fixing, spontaneously
improved within one month after removal of the ESF. This is the first successful case of
repair of an upper beak fracture in a Red-crowned crane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Iima
- Kushiro Zoo, Kushiro, Hokkaido 085-0204, Japan
| | - Hiroki Teraoka
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan.,NPO Red-crowned Crane Conservancy, Kushiro, Hokkaido 085-0036, Japan
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Teraoka H, Miyagi H, Haraguchi Y, Takase K, Kitazawa T, Noda J. Contamination Status of Seven Elements in Hooded Cranes Wintering in South-West Kyushu, Japan: Comparison with Red-Crowned Cranes in Hokkaido, Japan. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2018; 75:557-565. [PMID: 29855680 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-018-0541-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The hooded crane is designated as an endangered species. The cranes breed primarily in wetlands in southeast Russia and China in summer. Most of the hooded crane population winters in the Izumi plain in Japan. It is difficult to know the contamination status of their habitat because of their vast breeding area. We determined the levels of Cd, Pb, As, (total) Hg, Se, Zn, and Cu in the liver, kidney, and muscle of hooded cranes that were found dead in Izumi in the periods 2003-2006 and 2014-2015 compared with the levels in red-crowned cranes in Hokkaido, Japan, as the only cranes in which these elements had been studied extensively. There were no notable differences between levels of the seven elements in the two periods. Overall, tissue levels of the elements examined in hooded cranes were comparable to those in red-crowned cranes except for Hg and Se. Tissue levels of Hg and Se were clearly lower in hooded cranes than in red-crowned cranes that were found dead from 2000. One lead poisoning case was confirmed. The results suggest that Hooded cranes wintering in Izumi are not extensively contaminated with the seven elements examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Teraoka
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, 069-8501, Japan.
- NPO Tancho Protection Group, Kushiro, 085-0036, Japan.
| | - Hasumi Miyagi
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, 069-8501, Japan
| | - Yuko Haraguchi
- Izumi City Crane Museum Crane Park Izumi, 1000 Bunka Cho, Izumi, Kagoshima, 899-0208, Japan
| | - Kozo Takase
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
| | - Takio Kitazawa
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, 069-8501, Japan
| | - Jun Noda
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, 069-8501, Japan
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Kakimoto K, Akutsu K, Nagayoshi H, Konishi Y, Kajimura K, Tsukue N, Yoshino T, Matsumoto F, Nakano T, Tang N, Hayakawa K, Toriba A. Persistent organic pollutants in red-crowned cranes (Grus japonensis) from Hokkaido, Japan. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 147:367-372. [PMID: 28869886 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.08.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The red-crowned crane (Grus japonensis) from eastern Hokkaido is classified as a Special Natural Monument in Japan. In this study, we determined the concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in red-crowned crane muscle tissues (n = 47). Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) had the highest median concentration (240ng/g lipid weight), followed by dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its metabolites (DDTs) (150ng/g lipid weight), chlordane-related compounds (CHLs) (36ng/g lipid weight), hexachlorobenzene (HCB) (16ng/g lipid weight), hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) (4.4ng/g lipid weight), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) (1.8ng/g lipid weight), and finally, Mirex (1.5ng/g lipid weight). Additionally, a positive correlation was found among POP concentrations. No sex differences beyond body parameters were observed. Additionally, red-crowned cranes exhibited a high enantiomeric excess of (+)-alpha-HCH, with enantiomer fractions varying from 0.51 to 0.87 (average: 0.69).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensaku Kakimoto
- Osaka Institute of Public Health, 1-3-69, Nakamichi, Higashinari-ku, Osaka 537-0025, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiko Akutsu
- Osaka Institute of Public Health, 1-3-69, Nakamichi, Higashinari-ku, Osaka 537-0025, Japan
| | - Haruna Nagayoshi
- Osaka Institute of Public Health, 1-3-69, Nakamichi, Higashinari-ku, Osaka 537-0025, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Konishi
- Osaka Institute of Public Health, 1-3-69, Nakamichi, Higashinari-ku, Osaka 537-0025, Japan
| | - Keiji Kajimura
- Osaka Institute of Public Health, 1-3-69, Nakamichi, Higashinari-ku, Osaka 537-0025, Japan
| | - Naomi Tsukue
- Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Tomoo Yoshino
- Kushiro Zoo, Shimoninishibetsu-11 Akan-cho, Kushiro, Hokkaido 085-0201, Japan
| | - Fumio Matsumoto
- Kushiro Zoo, Shimoninishibetsu-11 Akan-cho, Kushiro, Hokkaido 085-0201, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nakano
- Research Center for Environmental Preservation, Osaka University, 2-4, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ning Tang
- Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Kazuichi Hayakawa
- Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Akira Toriba
- Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
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Teraoka H, Okamoto E, Kudo M, Nakayama SMM, Ikenaka Y, Ishizuka M, Endo T, Kitazawa T, Hiraga T. Accumulation properties of inorganic mercury and organic mercury in the red-crowned crane Grus japonensis in east Hokkaido, Japan. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 122:557-564. [PMID: 26432029 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The red-crowned (Japanese) crane Grus japonensis is native to east Hokkaido, Japan, in contrast to the East Asia mainland. Previously, we reported that red-crowned cranes in Hokkaido were highly contaminated with mercury in the 1990s and that the contamination rapidly decreased to a moderate level in the 2000s. In the present study, we determined levels of organic mercury (O-Hg) in the liver and kidney of cranes in east Hokkaido in comparison with levels of total mercury (T-Hg). T-Hg levels in the kidneys were higher than those in the livers in adults but not in subadults and juveniles; however, the reverse was the case for O-Hg even for adults. The ratio of O-Hg to T-Hg in both the liver and kidney decreased as T-Hg increased in the three developmental stages. While the ratios of O-Hg to T-Hg in the liver and kidney of adults were significantly lower than those of juveniles, the ratios were similar for adults and juveniles in a lower range of T-Hg. The ratio of selenium (Se) to T-Hg decreased as T-Hg increased in both the liver and kidney, irrespective of stages. Mercury burdens in feathers were about 59% and 67% of the total body burdens for juveniles and adults, respectively. Furthermore, ratios of carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes to T-Hg varied greatly, with no relation to mercury level in the liver. The results suggest slow accumulation of inorganic mercury in the kidney of red-crowned cranes in east Hokkaido, Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Teraoka
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu 069-8501, Japan.
| | - Erika Okamoto
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu 069-8501, Japan.
| | - Moe Kudo
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu 069-8501, Japan.
| | - Shouta M M Nakayama
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan.
| | - Yoshinori Ikenaka
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan; Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
| | - Mayumi Ishizuka
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan.
| | - Tetsuya Endo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan.
| | - Takio Kitazawa
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu 069-8501, Japan.
| | - Takeo Hiraga
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu 069-8501, Japan.
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Takeda KF, Hiraiwa-Hasegawa M, Kutsukake N. Arch displays signal threat intentions in a fission–fusion flock of the red-crowned crane. BEHAVIOUR 2015. [DOI: 10.1163/1568539x-00003304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Ritualised displays are used by group-living animals in various contexts, such as when individuals join a group or flock. Only a few quantitative studies of the function of displays in species with fission–fusion social dynamics have been conducted to date. Here, we examined the arch display in red-crowned cranes (Grus japonensis) immediately after joining a flock. Behavioural observations indicated that the arch functions as a signal of both threat motivation and individual strength. Singletons had disadvantages in terms of competition over resources and were, therefore, expected to have higher threat motivation than pairs or families. Indeed, singletons performed the arch more frequently than did pairs or families. Performance of the arch was related to dominance: males and adults were more likely to perform the arch than females and sub-adults. The likelihood of performing the arch was positively associated with local group density, indicating that joiners arched in more competitive situations. Contextual analyses indicated that subsequent behaviour by a joiner was more aggressive and that nearby individuals more frequently showed behavioural responses when a joiner arched than when it did not. Together, this study shows that cranes demonstrate functional displays to potential competitors, and represents a rare example of the functional analysis of ritualised signals in non-songbird species with fission–fusion social dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei F. Takeda
- Department of Evolutionary Studies of Biosystems, School of Advanced Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Japan
| | - Mariko Hiraiwa-Hasegawa
- Department of Evolutionary Studies of Biosystems, School of Advanced Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Kutsukake
- Department of Evolutionary Studies of Biosystems, School of Advanced Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Japan
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