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Jung D, Park S, Kurban D, Dufour S, Ronholm J. The occurrence of Aerococcus urinaeequi and non-aureus staphylococci in raw milk negatively correlates with Escherichia coli clinical mastitis. mSystems 2024:e0036224. [PMID: 39254336 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00362-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli is a common environmental pathogen associated with clinical mastitis (CM) in dairy cattle. There is an interest in optimizing the udder microbiome to increase the resistance of dairy cattle to E. coli CM; however, the details of which members of the healthy udder microbiome may play a role in antagonizing E. coli are unknown. In this study, we characterized the bacterial community composition in raw milk collected from quarters of lactating Holstein dairy cows that developed E. coli CM during lactation, including milk from both healthy and diseased quarters (n = 1,172). The milk microbiome from infected quarters was compared before, during, and after CM. A combination of 16S rRNA gene amplicon and metagenomic sequencing was used generate data sets with a high level of both depth and breadth. The microbial diversity present in raw milk significantly decreased in quarters experiencing E. coli CM, indicating that E. coli displaces other members of the microbiome. However, the diversity recovered very rapidly after infection. Two genera, Staphylococcus and Aerococcus, and the family Oscillospiraceae were significantly more abundant in healthy quarters with low inflammation. Species of these genera, Staphylococcus auricularis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, and Aerocussus urinaeequi, were identified by metagenomics. Thus, these species are of interest for optimizing the microbiome to discourage E. coli colonization without triggering inflammation.IMPORTANCEIn this study, we show that E. coli outcompetes and displaces several members of the udder microbiome during CM, but that microbial diversity recovers post-infection. In milk from quarters which remained healthy, the community composition was often highly dominated by S. auricularis, S. haemolyticus, A. urinaeequi, and S. marcescens without increases in somatic cell count (SCC). Community dominance by these organisms, without inflammation, could indicate that these species might have potential as prophylactic probiotics which could contribute to colonization resistance and prevent future instances of E. coli CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyun Jung
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
- Mastitis Network, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
- Regroupement FRQNT Op+Lait, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Soyoun Park
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
- Mastitis Network, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
- Regroupement FRQNT Op+Lait, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Daryna Kurban
- Mastitis Network, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
- Regroupement FRQNT Op+Lait, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
- Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Simon Dufour
- Mastitis Network, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
- Regroupement FRQNT Op+Lait, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
- Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Jennifer Ronholm
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
- Mastitis Network, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
- Regroupement FRQNT Op+Lait, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
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Opgenorth J, Mayorga EJ, Abeyta MA, Goetz BM, Rodriguez-Jimenez S, Freestone AD, McGill JL, Baumgard LH. Intravenous lipopolysaccharide challenge in early- versus mid-lactation dairy cattle. I: The immune and inflammatory responses. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:6225-6239. [PMID: 38428491 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Cows in early lactation (EL) are purportedly immune suppressed, which renders them more susceptible to disease. Thus, the study objective was to compare key biomarkers of immune activation from i.v. LPS between EL and mid-lactation (ML) cows. Multiparous EL (20 ± 2 DIM; n = 11) and ML (131 ± 31 DIM; n = 12) cows were enrolled in a 2 × 2 factorial design and assigned to 1 of 2 treatments by lactation stage (LS): (1) EL (EL-LPS; n = 6) or ML (ML-LPS; n = 6) cows administered a single LPS bolus from Escherichia coli O55:B5 (0.09 µg/kg of BW), or (2) pair-fed (PF) EL (EL-PF; n = 5) or ML (ML-PF; n = 6) cows administered i.v. saline. After LPS administration, cows were intensely evaluated for 3 d to analyze their response and recovery to LPS. Rectal temperature increased in LPS relative to PF cows (1.1°C in the first 9 h), and the response was more severe in EL-LPS relative to ML-LPS cows (2.3 vs. 1.3°C increase at 4 h post-LPS; respectively). Respiration rate increased only in EL-LPS cows (47% relative to ML-LPS in the first hour post-LPS). Circulating tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α, MIP-1β, and IFN-γ-inducible protein-10 increased within the first 6 h after LPS and these changes were exacerbated in EL-LPS relative to ML-LPS cows (6.3-fold, 4.8-fold, 57%, 93%, 10%, and 61%, respectively). All cows administered LPS had decreased circulating iCa relative to PF cows (34% at the 6 h nadir), but the hypocalcemia was more severe in EL-LPS than ML-LPS cows (14% at 6 h nadir). In response to LPS, neutrophils decreased regardless of LS, then increased into neutrophilia by 24 h in all LPS relative to PF cows (2-fold); however, the neutrophilic phase was augmented in EL- compared with ML-LPS cows (63% from 24 to 72 h). Lymphocytes and monocytes rapidly decreased then gradually returned to baseline in LPS cows regardless of LS; however, monocytes were increased (57%) at 72 h in EL-LPS relative to ML-LPS cows. Platelets were reduced (46%) in LPS relative to PF cows throughout the 3-d following LPS, and from 24 to 48 h, platelets were further decreased (41%) in EL-LPS compared with ML-LPS. During the 3-d following LPS, serum amyloid A (SAA), LPS-binding protein (LBP), and haptoglobin (Hp) increased in LPS compared with PF groups (9-fold, 72%, and 153-fold, respectively), and the LBP and Hp responses were more exaggerated in EL-LPS than ML-LPS cows (85 and 79%, respectively) whereas the SAA response did not differ by LS. Thus, our data indicates that EL immune function does not appear "suppressed," and in fact many aspects of the immune response are seemingly functionally robust.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Opgenorth
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - E J Mayorga
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - M A Abeyta
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - B M Goetz
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | | | - A D Freestone
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - J L McGill
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - L H Baumgard
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011.
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Wilm J, Svennesen L, Kirkeby C, Krömker V. Treatment of clinically severe bovine mastitis - a scoping review. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1286461. [PMID: 38313061 PMCID: PMC10834645 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1286461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Mastitis is a major health problem for bovines and can be categorized as non-severe or severe, based on clinical symptoms. A severe case of clinical mastitis is usually defined by the cow being affected systemically. It is important to consider how to handle severe cases because these cases can be fatal and cause high production losses. However, there are generally few detailed treatment guidelines. By conducting a scoping review on the topic, we aimed to synthesize the information that is available on treatment and outcomes, as reported from clinical trials and observational studies. This was facilitated by following the PRISMA-guidelines with a stepwise systematic screening of scientific literature on the subject, retrieved via Pubmed and Web of Science, using pre-defined selection criteria. The results yielded a total of 14 reports of treatment and outcomes in cases of naturally occurring severe clinical mastitis. Cross-trial comparison was difficult due to the different exclusion criteria and outcome definitions. Many studies focused on cases caused by gram-negative bacteria treated with intensive antibiotic protocols, often containing antibiotics that are categorized as critical for human health. Few focused on severe cases caused by gram-positive bacteria or on the relative use of non-antibiotic treatment. In general, only a small number of statistically significant differences were found in trials comparing different treatment protocols, with no obvious trends across trials. Our findings emphasize the need for more research into the treatment efficacy of antibiotic and non-antibiotic options for clinically severe mastitis. Furthermore, consideration of how trial conditions relate to the practical circumstances in a field setting could improve the applicability of reported results. This could help to provide practitioners with the information needed to make evidence-based treatment decisions in cases of clinically severe mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jensine Wilm
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Line Svennesen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Volker Krömker
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Khan MZ, Wang J, Ma Y, Chen T, Ma M, Ullah Q, Khan IM, Khan A, Cao Z, Liu S. Genetic polymorphisms in immune- and inflammation-associated genes and their association with bovine mastitis resistance/susceptibility. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1082144. [PMID: 36911690 PMCID: PMC9997099 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1082144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine mastitis, the inflammation of the mammary gland, is a contagious disease characterized by chemical and physical changes in milk and pathological changes in udder tissues. Depressed immunity and higher expression of inflammatory cytokines with an elevated milk somatic cell count can be observed during mastitis in dairy cattle. The use of somatic cell count (SCC) and somatic cell score (SCS) as correlated traits in the indirect selection of animals against mastitis resistance is in progress globally. Traditional breeding for mastitis resistance seems difficult because of the low heritability (0.10-0.16) of SCC/SCS and clinical mastitis. Thus, genetic-marker-selective breeding to improve host genetics has attracted considerable attention worldwide. Moreover, genomic selection has been found to be an effective and fast method of screening for dairy cattle that are genetically resistant and susceptible to mastitis at a very early age. The current review discusses and summarizes the candidate gene approach using polymorphisms in immune- and inflammation-linked genes (CD4, CD14, CD46, TRAPPC9, JAK2, Tf, Lf, TLRs, CXCL8, CXCR1, CXCR2, C4A, C5, MASP2, MBL1, MBL2, LBP, NCF1, NCF4, MASP2, A2M, and CLU, etc.) and their related signaling pathways (Staphylococcus aureus infection signaling, Toll-like receptor signaling, NF-kappa B signaling pathway, Cytokine-cytokine receptor, and Complement and coagulation cascades, etc.) associated with mastitis resistance and susceptibility phenotypic traits (IL-6, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), IL17, IL8, SCS, and SCC) in dairy cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zahoor Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
| | - Jingjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yulin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qudrat Ullah
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
| | - Ibrar Muhammad Khan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproduction Regulation, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, School of Biological and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, China
| | - Adnan Khan
- Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhijun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Agatha TM, Wibawati PA, Izulhaq RI, Agustono B, Prastiya RA, Wardhana DK, Abdramanov A, Lokapirnasari WP, Lamid M. Antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli from the milk of Ettawa crossbred dairy goats in Blitar Regency, East Java, Indonesia. Vet World 2023; 16:168-174. [PMID: 36855371 PMCID: PMC9967718 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.168-174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Antimicrobial resistance, especially antibiotic resistance, is one of the most severe public health challenges. Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria avoid and fight the mechanism of action of antibiotic drugs. This study aimed to determine the resistance of Escherichia coli from the milk of Ettawa crossbreed dairy goat at Blitar Regency, East Java, Indonesia, with the antibiotics streptomycin, sulfonamides, and trimethoprim. Materials and Methods A total of 34 milk samples of Ettawa crossbreed dairy goats were used in this study. The initial stages of this research included tests of the physical properties, isolation, and identification of E. coli. Then, the E. coli isolates were tested for antibiotic resistance using the Kirby-Bauer method. Results The results showed that all samples were positive for E. coli. The physical properties of milk, namely, color, odor, flavor, and consistency, were normal. The results of the alcohol test showed normal acidity, and the specific gravity of goat milk met the criteria, with an average specific gravity of 1.0295 g/mL. The results of the antibiotic resistance test showed that 4 (12%) samples were resistant to streptomycin, 5 (15%) to sulfonamide, and 3% to trimethoprim. Conclusion The prevalence of E. coli from Ettawa crossbreed dairy goats in Blitar Regency, East Java, Indonesia, was 100%. Furthermore, this E. coli isolate exhibited resistance to antibiotics streptomycin, sulfonamides, and trimethoprim. The use of antibiotics in the dairy goat industry in Indonesia should be controlled to prevent the spread of resistant E. coli from animals to humans through the food chain and prevent the emergence of multidrug-resistant E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tweedekharis Marlin Agatha
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health and Life Sciences (SIKIA), Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Prima Ayu Wibawati
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health and Life Sciences (SIKIA), Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia,Corresponding author: Prima Ayu Wibawati, e-mail: Co-authors: TMA: , RII: , BA: , RAP: , DKW: , AA: , WPL: , ML:
| | - Reza Ikhza Izulhaq
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health and Life Sciences (SIKIA), Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Bodhi Agustono
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health and Life Sciences (SIKIA), Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Ragil Angga Prastiya
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health and Life Sciences (SIKIA), Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Dhandy Koesoemo Wardhana
- Department of Veterinary Science, Division of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Abzal Abdramanov
- Department of Veterinary Sanitary Expertise and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary medicine, Kazakh National Agrarian Research University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Widya Paramita Lokapirnasari
- Department of Veterinary Science, Division of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Mirni Lamid
- Department of Veterinary Science, Division of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
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Goulart DB, Mellata M. Escherichia coli Mastitis in Dairy Cattle: Etiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment Challenges. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:928346. [PMID: 35875575 PMCID: PMC9301288 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.928346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine mastitis is an inflammation of the udder tissue parenchyma that causes pathological changes in the glandular tissue and abnormalities in milk leading to significant economic losses to the dairy industry across the world. Mammary pathogenic Escherichia (E.) coli (MPEC) is one of the main etiologic agents of acute clinical mastitis in dairy cattle. MPEC strains have virulence attributes to resist the host innate defenses and thrive in the mammary gland environment. The association between specific virulence factors of MPEC with the severity of mastitis in cattle is not fully understood. Furthermore, the indiscriminate use of antibiotics to treat mastitis has resulted in antimicrobial resistance to all major antibiotic classes in MPEC. A thorough understanding of MPEC’s pathogenesis and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern is required to develop better interventions to reduce mastitis incidence and prevalence in cattle and the environment. This review compiles important information on mastitis caused by MPEC (e.g., types of mastitis, host immune response, diagnosis, treatment, and control of the disease) as well as the current knowledge on MPEC virulence factors, antimicrobial resistance, and the dilemma of MPEC as a new pathotype. The information provided in this review is critical to identifying gaps in knowledge that will guide future studies to better design diagnostic, prevent, and develop therapeutic interventions for this significant dairy disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Brito Goulart
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- *Correspondence: Débora Brito Goulart,
| | - Melha Mellata
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Interdepartmental Microbiology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Melha Mellata,
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Brodhagen J, Weikard R, Thom U, Heimes A, Günther J, Hadlich F, Zerbe H, Petzl W, Meyerholz MM, Hoedemaker M, Schuberth HJ, Engelmann S, Kühn C. Development and evaluation of a milk protein transcript depletion method for differential transcriptome analysis in mammary gland tissue. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:400. [PMID: 31117949 PMCID: PMC6530097 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5781-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the mammary gland transcriptome of lactating dairy cows genes encoding milk proteins are highly abundant, which can impair the detection of lowly expressed transcripts and can bias the outcome in global transcriptome analyses. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a method to deplete extremely highly expressed transcripts in mRNA from lactating mammary gland tissue. Results Selective RNA depletion was performed by hybridization of antisense oligonucleotides targeting genes encoding the caseins (CSN1S1, CSN1S2, CSN2 and CSN3) and whey proteins (LALBA and PAEP) within total RNA followed by RNase H-mediated elimination of the respective transcripts. The effect of the RNA depletion procedure was monitored by RNA sequencing analysis comparing depleted and non-depleted RNA samples from Escherichia coli (E. coli) challenged and non-challenged udder tissue of lactating cows in a proof of principle experiment. Using RNase H-mediated RNA depletion, the ratio of highly abundant milk protein gene transcripts was reduced in all depleted samples by an average of more than 50% compared to the non-depleted samples. Furthermore, the sensitivity for discovering transcripts with marginal expression levels and transcripts not yet annotated was improved. Finally, the sensitivity to detect significantly differentially expressed transcripts between non-challenged and challenged udder tissue was increased without leading to an inadvertent bias in the pathogen challenge-associated biological signaling pathway patterns. Conclusions The implementation of selective RNase H-mediated RNA depletion of milk protein gene transcripts from the mammary gland transcriptome of lactating cows will be highly beneficial to establish comprehensive transcript catalogues of the tissue that better reflects its transcriptome complexity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5781-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Brodhagen
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genome Biology, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Rosemarie Weikard
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genome Biology, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Ulrike Thom
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genome Biology, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Annika Heimes
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genome Biology, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Juliane Günther
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genome Biology, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Frieder Hadlich
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genome Biology, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Holm Zerbe
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 85764, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Petzl
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 85764, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Marie M Meyerholz
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 85764, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Martina Hoedemaker
- Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, 30173, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Schuberth
- Immunology Unit, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Susanne Engelmann
- Institute for Microbiology, Technical University Braunschweig, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany.,Microbial Proteomics, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Christa Kühn
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genome Biology, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany. .,Agricultural and Environmental Faculty, University Rostock, 18059, Rostock, Germany.
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8
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Hambali IU, Bhutto KR, Jesse FFA, Lawan A, Odhah MN, Wahid AH, Azmi MLM, Zakaria Z, Arsalan M, Muhammad NA, Jefri MN. Clinical responses in cows vaccinated with a developed prototype killed Staphylococcus aureus mastitis vaccine. Microb Pathog 2018; 124:101-105. [PMID: 30114463 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mastitis is an inflammatory condition of the udder that occurs as a result of the release of leucocytes into the udder in a response to bacterial invasion. The major causes of mastitis are an array of gram positive and negative bacteria, however, algae, virus, fungi, mechanical or thermal injury to the gland have also been identified as possible causes. Mastitis vaccines are yet to be developed using Malaysian local isolate of bacteria. The objective of the present experimental trial was to develop a monovalent vaccine against mastitis using S. aureus of Malaysian isolate and to evaluate the clinical responses such as temperature, respiratory rates and heart rates in vaccinated cows. S. aureus is a major causative bacteria in clinical and subclinical types of mastitis in cows. Four concentrations of the bacterin (106, 107, 108 and 109 cfu/ml of the local isolate of S. aureus) were prepared using Aluminium potassium sulfate adjuvant. Thirty cows were grouped into four treatment groups (B, C, D and E) with a fifth group as control (A). These groups were vaccinated intramuscularly(IM) with the prepared monovalent vaccine and its influence on the vital signs were intermittently measured. The mean of rectal temperature was significantly different (p˂ 0.05) at 0hr Post Vaccination [1]" in groups D and E (39.5 ± 0.15 °C and 39.4 ± 0.15 °C respectively) and at 3 h PV in groups C, D and E (39.8 ± 0.14 °C, 39.9 ± 0.14 °C and 40.3 ± 0.14 °C respectively) compared to the control group. This indicated a sharp increased rectal temperatures between 0hr and 3 h PV in groups C, D and E which later declined at 24 h PV. The mean of rectal temperature of group E was significantly different (p˂ 0.05) at weeks 1 and 2 PV (39.87 ± 0.19 °C and 39.80 ± 0.18 °C respectively) compared to the control group. The mean of heart rate was significantly different (p˂ 0.05) at week 1 PV in groups D and E (83.0 ± 3.8 beats/minute and 80.0 ± 3.8 °C respectively) compared to control. A trending decrease was however observed in heart rates of group E from weeks through 4 PV and in group D from weeks 1 through 3 PV. The mean of respiratory rates was significantly different (p˂ 0.05) at week 3 PV in group B and D (31.0 ± 1.2 breaths/minute and 28.0 ± 1.2 breaths/minute) compared to control. In conclusion, this study highlights responses of these vital signs due to vaccination against S. aureus causing mastitis in cows. To the best of our knowledge the findings of this study adds value to the shallow literature on vital signs alterations in cows vaccinated against mastitis as elevated levels of temperature and heart rates of group D and E indicated obvious response.
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Affiliation(s)
- I U Hambali
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Veterinary Public health and Preventive Medicine, University of Maiduguri, 600233, Nigeria.
| | - K R Bhutto
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Directorate of Veterinary Research and Diagnosis, Livestock and Fisheries Department, 70050, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - F F A Jesse
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Research Centre for Ruminant Disease, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - A Lawan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, 600233, Nigeria
| | - M N Odhah
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Thamar University, 39, Yemen
| | - A H Wahid
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M L Mohd Azmi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Z Zakaria
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M Arsalan
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Directorate of Animal Health, Livestock and Dairy Development Department Baluchistan, 87300, Pakistan
| | - N A Muhammad
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary and Animal Science Lahore, 54500, Pakistan
| | - M N Jefri
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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9
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Yu Y, Fang JT, Sun J, Zheng M, Zhang Q, He JS, Liao XP, Liu YH. Efficacy of Cefquinome against Escherichia coli Environmental Mastitis Assessed by Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Integration in Lactating Mouse Model. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1445. [PMID: 28824576 PMCID: PMC5539083 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This work investigates the pharmacodynamic effectiveness of cefquinome against environmental Escherichia coli mastitis infection, following an intramammary administration. We established the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) model in lactating mice. The PK/PD parameters were identified to achieve an antibacterial efficacy as indicated by PD activity, cytokine expression and PK/PD simulation. From our findings, given an 200 μg/gland dose once daily can achieve a considerable therapeutic effectiveness in experimental circumstance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China.,National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Tao Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China.,National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China.,National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Mei Zheng
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Jie-Shun He
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Liao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China.,National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Ya-Hong Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China.,National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
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10
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Aditya S, Humer E, Pourazad P, Khiaosa-Ard R, Huber J, Zebeli Q. Intramammary infusion of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide negatively affects feed intake, chewing, and clinical variables, but some effects are stronger in cows experiencing subacute rumen acidosis. J Dairy Sci 2016; 100:1363-1377. [PMID: 27939552 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Feeding high-grain diets increases the risk of subacute rumen acidosis (SARA) and adversely affects rumen health. This condition might impair the responsiveness of cows when they are exposed to external infectious stimuli such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The main objective of this study was to evaluate various responses to intramammary LPS infusion in healthy dairy cows and those experimentally subjected to SARA. Eighteen early-lactating Simmental cows were subjected to SARA (n = 12) or control (CON; n = 6) feeding conditions. Cows of the control group received a diet containing 40% concentrates (DM basis) throughout the experiment. The intermittent SARA feeding regimen consisted in feeding the cows a ration with 60% concentrate (DM basis) for 32 d, consisting of a first SARA induction for 8 d, switched to the CON diet for 7 d, and re-induction during the last 17 d. On d 30 of the experiment, 6 SARA (SARA-LPS) and 6 CON (CON-LPS) cows were intramammary challenged once with a single dose of 50 μg of LPS from Escherichia coli (O26:B6), whereas the other 6 SARA cows (SARA-PLA) received 10 mL of sterile saline solution as placebo. To confirm the induction of SARA, the reticular pH was continuously monitored via wireless pH probes. The DMI remained unchanged between SARA and CON cows during the feeding experiment, but was reduced in both treatment groups receiving the LPS infusion compared with SARA-PLA, whereby a significant decline was observed for cows of the SARA-LPS treatment (-38%) compared with CON-LPS (-19%). The LPS infusion did not affect the reticuloruminal pH dynamics, but significantly enhanced ruminal temperature and negatively affected chewing behavior. The ruminal temperature increased after the LPS infusion and peaked about 1 h earlier in SARA-LPS cows compared with the cows of the CON-LPS treatment. Moreover, a significant decline in milk yield was found in SARA-LPS compared with CON-LPS following the LPS infusion. Cows receiving LPS had elevated somatic cell counts, protein, and fat contents in milk as well as decreased lactose contents and pH following the LPS infusion, whereby the changes in milk constituents were more pronounced in SARA-LPS than CON-LPS cows. Rectal temperature and pulse rate were highest 6 h after LPS infusion, but rumen contractions were not affected by the LPS infusion. The data suggest that a single intramammary LPS infusion induced fever and negatively affected feed intake, chewing activity, rectal temperature, and milk yield and composition, whereby these effects were more pronounced in SARA cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Aditya
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria; Directorate General of Human Resource for Science, Technology, and Higher Education-Indonesia, 10270 Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - E Humer
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - P Pourazad
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - R Khiaosa-Ard
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - J Huber
- University Clinic for Ruminants, Clinical Unit for Herd Health Management in Ruminants, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Q Zebeli
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
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11
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Hagiwara S, Mori K, Nagahata H. Predictors of fatal outcomes resulting from acute Escherichia coli mastitis in dairy cows. J Vet Med Sci 2016; 78:905-8. [PMID: 26875836 PMCID: PMC4905853 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.15-0400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the prognostic criteria for identifying cows at an increased risk of a fatal
outcome from acute Escherichia coli mastitis, the potential cut-off
values for five diagnostic parameters associated with a high mortality were determined by
receiver operator characteristic curve analysis. These criteria were hematocrit value
>32%, blood non-esterified fatty acid concentration >0.4 mEq/l,
antithrombin activity <120%, platelet count <15 × 104/ml
and presence of dysstasia. Exceeding the cut-off values for at least three parameters on
day 2 after onset predicted fatality (predictive value 87.5). When these prognostic
criteria were applied to 34 clinical cases, cows that met three criteria were seven times
more likely to die than cows that met fewer than three criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiichi Hagiwara
- Federation of Hokkaido Agricultural Mutual Aid Associations, North 4 West 1-1, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0004, Japan
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12
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Sordillo LM. Nutritional strategies to optimize dairy cattle immunity. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:4967-4982. [PMID: 26830740 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-10354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Dairy cattle are susceptible to increased incidence and severity of both metabolic and infectious diseases during the periparturient period. A major contributing factor to increased health disorders is alterations in bovine immune mechanisms. Indeed, uncontrolled inflammation is a major contributing factor and a common link among several economically important infectious and metabolic diseases including mastitis, retained placenta, metritis, displaced abomasum, and ketosis. The nutritional status of dairy cows and the metabolism of specific nutrients are critical regulators of immune cell function. There is now a greater appreciation that certain mediators of the immune system can have a reciprocal effect on the metabolism of nutrients. Thus, any disturbances in nutritional or immunological homeostasis can provide deleterious feedback loops that can further enhance health disorders, increase production losses, and decrease the availability of safe and nutritious dairy foods for a growing global population. This review will discuss the complex interactions between nutrient metabolism and immune functions in periparturient dairy cattle. Details of how either deficiencies or overexposure to macro- and micronutrients can contribute to immune dysfunction and the subsequent development of health disorders will be presented. Specifically, the ways in which altered nutrient metabolism and oxidative stress can interact to compromise the immune system in transition cows will be discussed. A better understanding of the linkages between nutrition and immunity may facilitate the design of nutritional regimens that will reduce disease susceptibility in early lactation cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Sordillo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824.
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