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Xi H, Ji Y, Fu Y, Chen C, Han W, Gu J. Biological characterization of the phage lysin AVPL and its efficiency against Aerococcus viridans-induced mastitis in a murine model. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024; 90:e0046124. [PMID: 39012099 PMCID: PMC11337802 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00461-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Aerococcus viridans (A. viridans) is an important opportunistic zoonotic pathogen that poses a potential threat to the animal husbandry industry, such as cow mastitis, due to the widespread development of multidrug-resistant strains. Phage lysins have emerged as a promising alternative antibiotic treatment strategy. However, no lysins have been reported to treat A. viridans infections. In this study, the critical active domain and key active sites of the first A. viridans phage lysin AVPL were revealed. AVPL consists of an N-terminal N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase catalytic domain and a C-terminal binding domain comprising two conserved LysM. H40, N44, E52, W68, H147, T157, F60, F64, I77, N92, Q97, H159, V160, D161, and S42 were identified as key sites for maintaining the activity of the catalytic domain. The LysM motif plays a crucial role in binding AVPL to bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan. AVPL maintains stable activity in the temperature range of 4-45°C and pH range of 4-10, and its activity is independent of the presence of metal ions. In vitro, the bactericidal effect of AVPL showed efficient bactericidal activity in milk samples, with 2 µg/mL of AVPL reducing A. viridans by approximately 2 Log10 in 1 h. Furthermore, a single dose (25 µg) of lysin AVPL significantly reduces bacterial load (approximately 2 Log10) in the mammary gland of mice, improves mastitis pathology, and reduces the concentration of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) in mammary tissue. Overall, this work provides a novel alternative therapeutic drug for mastitis induced by multidrug-resistant A. viridans. IMPORTANCE A. viridans is a zoonotic pathogen known to cause various diseases, including mastitis in dairy cows. In recent years, there has been an increase in antibiotic-resistant or multidrug-resistant strains of this pathogen. Phage lysins are an effective approach to treating infections caused by multidrug-resistant strains. This study revealed the biological properties and key active sites of the first A. viridans phage lysin named AVPL. AVPL can effectively kill multidrug-resistant A. viridans in pasteurized whole milk. Importantly, 25 μg AVPL significantly alleviates the symptoms of mouse mastitis induced by A. viridans. Overall, our results demonstrate the potential of lysin AVPL as an antimicrobial agent for the treatment of mastitis caused by A. viridans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengyu Xi
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yalu Ji
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yao Fu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wenyu Han
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jingmin Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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2
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Eliasson T, Sun L, Lundh Å, Gonda H, Höjer A, Saedén KH, Hetta M. Microbial communities in feed, bedding material, and bulk milk - experiences from a feeding trial. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)01043-9. [PMID: 39067748 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2024-25213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
There is an increasing interest in the microbiota of the dairy value chain, from field to fork. Studies to understand the effects of environmental, feed and management factors on the raw milk microbiota have been performed to elucidate the origin of the bacteria and find ways to control the presence or absence of specific bacteria. In this study, we explored the microbiota in feedstuff, bedding material and milk on a Swedish dairy farm to investigate the effects of feeding different silages on the bacterial compositions throughout the dairy value chain. Three ensiling treatments were evaluated: without additive, with acid treatment, and with inoculation of starter culture. The silage treatments were fed as partial mixed rations to 67 dairy cows for 3 weeks each, with one treatment fed twice to evaluate if a potential change in milk microbiota could be repeated. The highest average total bacteria counts were found in the used bedding material (9.6 log10 cfu/g), while milk showed the lowest (3.5 log10 cfu/g). Principal coordinate analysis of the weighted UniFrac distance matrix showed clear separation between 3 clusters of materials: 1) herbage, 2) silage and partial mixed ration, and 3) used bedding material and milk. Surprisingly, the expected effect of the ensiling treatments on silage microbiota was not clear. Transfer of major bacteria from the silages and resulting partial mixed rations to the used bedding material was observed, but rarely to milk. The milk microbiota showed most resemblance to that of the used bedding material. Lactobacillus was a major genus in both feed and milk, but investigations at amplicon sequence variant level showed that in most cases the sequences differed between materials. However, low total bacteria count in the milk in combination with a high diversity suggests that results may be biased due to environmental contamination of the milk samples. Considering that the study was performed on a research farm, strict hygienic measures during the feeding experiment may have contributed to the low transfer of bacteria from feed to milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Eliasson
- Dept. of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7015, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden; Norrmejerier, Box 1313, SE-901 23 Umeå, Sweden.
| | - L Sun
- Dept. of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7015, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Å Lundh
- Dept. of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7015, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - H Gonda
- Dept. of Applied Animal Science and Welfare, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7024, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - A Höjer
- Norrmejerier, Box 1313, SE-901 23 Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - M Hetta
- Dept. of Applied Animal Science and Welfare, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83, Umeå, Sweden
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Pathogenicity and risk of cross-species transmission of Aerococcus viridans isolated from Tian-e-zhou National Reserve for Lipotes vexillifer in Shishou, China. AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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4
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Tarrah A, Callegaro S, Pakroo S, Finocchiaro R, Giacomini A, Corich V, Cassandro M. New insights into the raw milk microbiota diversity from animals with a different genetic predisposition for feed efficiency and resilience to mastitis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13498. [PMID: 35931716 PMCID: PMC9356063 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17418-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to assess the microbiota diversity in milk samples collected from Holstein cows with different estimated breeding values for predicted feed efficiency, milk coagulation, resilience to mastitis, and consequently, to study its effects on milk quality. One hundred and twenty milk samples were collected in two seasons (summer and winter) from different commercial dairy farms in the Nord-east of Italy. For each trait, 20 animals divided into two groups of the high (10 cows) and the low (10 cows) were selected to study the microbiota profile using 16S rRNA metabarcoding sequencing. The alpha and beta diversity analysis revealed significant differences between the high and the low groups for feed efficiency and resilience to mastitis, while no significant difference was detected for milk coagulation. Moreover, remarkable differences among the taxa were detected between the two seasons, where the winter was more diverse than summer when applied the Chao1 index. Lastly, the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) indicated Aerococcus, Corynebacterium, Facklamia, and Psychrobacter taxa with more abundance in the high group of feed efficiency, whereas, in resilience to mastitis, only two genera of Mycoplana and Rhodococcus were more abundant in the low group. In addition, LEfSe analysis between the seasons showed significant differences in the abundance of Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, Corynebacterium, Escherichia, Citrobacter, Pantoea, Pseudomonas, and Stenotrophomonas. These findings indicate that the different genetic predisposition for feed efficiency and resilience to mastitis could affect the raw milk microbiota and, consequently, its quality. Moreover, we found more abundance of mastitis-associated bacteria in the milk of dairy cows with a higher feed efficiency index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Tarrah
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy.,Department of Food Science, Canadian Research Institute for Food Safety, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Simone Callegaro
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy.,Associazione Nazionale Allevatori Delle Razze Bovine Charolaise E Limousine Italiane (ANACLI), 00187, Roma, Italy
| | - Shadi Pakroo
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Raffaella Finocchiaro
- Associazione Nazionale Allevatori Razza Frisona, Bruna e Jersey Italiana-ANAFIBJ, 26100, Cremona, Italy
| | - Alessio Giacomini
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Viviana Corich
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy.
| | - Martino Cassandro
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy.,Associazione Nazionale Allevatori Razza Frisona, Bruna e Jersey Italiana-ANAFIBJ, 26100, Cremona, Italy
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Zhang F, Wei Z, Wang JJ. Integrated application effects of biochar and plant residue on ammonia loss, heavy metal immobilization, and estrogen dissipation during the composting of poultry manure. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 131:117-125. [PMID: 34120077 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Inadequate handling of poultry manure can cause significant releases of NH3, heavy metals, and estrogen, thereby impairing environmental quality. This study was a composting experiment involving the combination of poultry manure with plant residues (corn stalks, mushroom residues, and vegetable straw), as well as with either wheat stalk biochar (WB) or rice husk biochar (RB). The integrated effects of plant residues and biochar on NH3 loss, heavy metal (Cu, Zn, As, and Cd) stabilization, and 17β-estradiol (E2) dissipation were investigated during composting. The poultry manure co-composted with corn straw and mushroom residue showed the highest potential for E2 degradation. Biochar enhanced E2 dissipation and decreased estrogenic activity in all treatments, with RB showing a stronger effect than WB. Both biochars decreased microbial diversity and increased bacterial groups related to E2 and organic matter degradation·NH3 emission was reduced by 50-82% with 15% WB and 86-97% with 15% RB. The extractable fraction of As was reduced by 0-53% with WB and 50-84% with RB, while that of Cd was reduced by 5-28% for WB and 25-41% for RB in poultry manure compost. However, biochar showed little effect on Cu and Zn. Biochar appears to have a promotional effect and enhances the microbial degradation of E2. Specifically, the integration of corn stalks, mushroom residues, and RB in poultry manure compost had a positive effect by preventing nitrogen loss while reducing the bioavailability of heavy metals and hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengsong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Zhongke-Ji'an Institute for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ji'an 343000, China.
| | - Zhuo Wei
- School of Plant, Environmental and Soil Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
| | - Jim J Wang
- School of Plant, Environmental and Soil Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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Sokolov S, Fursova K, Shulcheva I, Nikanova D, Artyemieva O, Kolodina E, Sorokin A, Dzhelyadin T, Shchannikova M, Shepelyakovskaya A, Zinovieva N, Brovko F. Comparative Analysis of Milk Microbiomes and Their Association with Bovine Mastitis in Two Farms in Central Russia. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11051401. [PMID: 34068998 PMCID: PMC8156869 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine mastitis is a widespread infectious disease. In addition to the economic damages associated with reduced milk yield due to mastitis, the problem of food contamination by microorganism metabolites, in particular toxins, is also a concern. Horizontal transfer of microorganisms from animal populations to humans can also be complicated by antibiotic resistance. Therefore, bovine mastitis is relevant to the study of microbiology and veterinary medicine. In this study, we investigated the microbiome of milk samples from healthy cows and cows with different forms of mastitis from individual quarters of the udder of cows during first and second lactation. Total DNA was extracted from milk samples. The V3-V4 regions of the bacterial 16S rRNA genes from each sample were amplified to generate a library via high-throughput sequencing. We revealed significant dominance of several operational taxonomic units (OTUs) corresponding mostly to groups of Staphylococcus aureus, Aerococcus spp., and Streptococcus spp. In addition, we unexpectedly identified Streptococcus thermophilus in samples with high SCC quantities. We found some infectious agents that characterized summer mastitis. We demonstrated that in Central Russia, mastitis is associated with a wide variety of causal organisms. We observed some differences in the diversity of the two investigated farms. However, we did not find any significant difference among healthy, mastitis and subclinical samples according to their SCC status from either farms by principal component analysis. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) confirmed the presence of several indicator genera in farms from Moscow and the Tula Region. These results confirm the complex bacterial etiology of bovine mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei Sokolov
- Laboratory of Microbiology, L.K. Ernst Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry, Dubrovitsy 142132, Russia; (D.N.); (O.A.); (E.K.); (N.Z.); (F.B.)
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia; (K.F.); (I.S.); (M.S.); (A.S.)
- Laboratory of Plasmid Biology, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Researches”, G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry & Physiology of Microorganisms of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-496-773-3962
| | - Ksenia Fursova
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia; (K.F.); (I.S.); (M.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Irina Shulcheva
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia; (K.F.); (I.S.); (M.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Daria Nikanova
- Laboratory of Microbiology, L.K. Ernst Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry, Dubrovitsy 142132, Russia; (D.N.); (O.A.); (E.K.); (N.Z.); (F.B.)
| | - Olga Artyemieva
- Laboratory of Microbiology, L.K. Ernst Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry, Dubrovitsy 142132, Russia; (D.N.); (O.A.); (E.K.); (N.Z.); (F.B.)
| | - Evgenia Kolodina
- Laboratory of Microbiology, L.K. Ernst Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry, Dubrovitsy 142132, Russia; (D.N.); (O.A.); (E.K.); (N.Z.); (F.B.)
| | - Anatoly Sorokin
- Laboratory of Cell Genome Functioning Mechanisms, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Researches”, Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia; (A.S.); (T.D.)
| | - Timur Dzhelyadin
- Laboratory of Cell Genome Functioning Mechanisms, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Researches”, Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia; (A.S.); (T.D.)
| | - Margarita Shchannikova
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia; (K.F.); (I.S.); (M.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Anna Shepelyakovskaya
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia; (K.F.); (I.S.); (M.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Natalia Zinovieva
- Laboratory of Microbiology, L.K. Ernst Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry, Dubrovitsy 142132, Russia; (D.N.); (O.A.); (E.K.); (N.Z.); (F.B.)
| | - Fedor Brovko
- Laboratory of Microbiology, L.K. Ernst Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry, Dubrovitsy 142132, Russia; (D.N.); (O.A.); (E.K.); (N.Z.); (F.B.)
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia; (K.F.); (I.S.); (M.S.); (A.S.)
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Lappa IK, Gantzias C, Manolopoulou E, De Brandt E, Aerts M, Vandamme P, Tsakalidou E, Georgalaki M. MALDI-TOF MS insight into the biodiversity of Staka, the artisanal Cretan soured cream. Int Dairy J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2020.104969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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8
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Nguyen VG, Kim CU, Do HQ, Shin S, Jang KC, Park YH, Park BK, Chung HC. Characteristics of Aerococcus viridans isolated from porcine fetuses in Korean farms. Vet Med Sci 2021; 7:1325-1331. [PMID: 33624943 PMCID: PMC8294361 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Swine abortion caused by viruses as well as bacteria has caused many economic losses in domestic farms over the years; however, bacterial abortion has not yet been studied in Korea. Several bacterial species were isolated from aborted fetuses (n = 103) for which the cause of death was not viral abortion. Among them, we focused on Aerococcus viridans, which had the highest positive rate within three provinces (Gangwon, Jeonnam and Gyeongnam). A total of 16 isolates were identified as A. viridans by matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization‐time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS), and 13 were characterized by both antibiotic resistance and 16S rRNA gene analysis. Based on antibiotic susceptibility testing result, eight antimicrobials could not effectively eliminate the present isolation (more than 40% of isolates can resist these antibiotics), while all except two strains were susceptible to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Molecular analysis indicated genetic variation among these strains. This study is the first report detecting A. viridans from aborted fetuses in Korean domestic farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Giap Nguyen
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Cheong Ung Kim
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hai-Quynh Do
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Virology Lab, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Genome Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Sook Shin
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Keum Chan Jang
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Ho Park
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Kyun Park
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Virology Lab, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Chun Chung
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Virology Lab, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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9
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Xi H, He D, Li D, Liu SS, Wang G, Ji Y, Wang X, Wang Z, Bi L, Zhao R, Zhang H, Yang L, Guo Z, Han W, Gu J. Bacteriophage Protects Against Aerococcus viridans Infection in a Murine Mastitis Model. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:588. [PMID: 33005648 PMCID: PMC7485434 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine mastitis, an inflammatory disease that occurs frequently in early lactation or the dry period, is primarily caused by bacterial infections. There is growing evidence that Aerococcus viridans (A. viridans) is becoming an important cause of bovine mastitis. The treatment of bovine mastitis is primarily based on antibiotics, which not only leads to a large economic burden but also the development of antibiotic resistance. On the other hand, bacteriophages present a promising alternative treatment strategy. The object of this study was to evaluate the potential of a previously isolated A. viridans phage vB_AviM_AVP (AVP) as an anti-mastitis agent in an experimental A. viridans-induced murine mastitis model. A. viridans N14 was isolated from the milk of clinical bovine mastitis and used to establish a mastitis model in mice. We demonstrated that administration of phage AVP significantly reduced colony formation by A. viridans and alleviated damage to breast tissue. In addition, reduced inflammation was indicated by decreased levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in the phage-treated group compared to those in the phosphate buffered saline (PBS)-treated group. To the best of our knowledge, this report is the first to show the potential use of phages as a treatment for A. viridans-induced mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengyu Xi
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dali He
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shan-Shan Liu
- Department of Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yalu Ji
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinwu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zijing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lanting Bi
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Rihong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Li Yang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhimin Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wenyu Han
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonose, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jingmin Gu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Song X, Huang X, Xu H, Zhang C, Chen S, Liu F, Guan S, Zhang S, Zhu K, Wu C. The prevalence of pathogens causing bovine mastitis and their associated risk factors in 15 large dairy farms in China: An observational study. Vet Microbiol 2020; 247:108757. [PMID: 32768210 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The primary objective of this study was to determine the distribution of major pathogens causing mastitis and analyze the association of the main pathogens with the type of milk {milk samples collected from cows with mastitis of different severities, which consisted of subclinical mastitis (Lanzhou Mastitis Test weak positive, positive, and strong positive) and clinical mastitis}, region, season, bedding material, parity and lactation stage on large dairy farms. Fifteen large dairy farms in twelve major milk-producing provinces of China were enrolled in the study for approximately one year; 1,153 mastitis milk samples were collected and processed. The most frequently isolated pathogens were Staphylococcus spp. (39.03 %), Streptococcus spp. (11.01 %), Bacillus spp. (8.24 %), Aerococcus viridans (6.76 %), and Acinetobacter spp. (3.38 %), and most of these pathogens were environmental bacteria (67.53 %). Contagious pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae) were more prevalent in milk samples from bovine clinical mastitis cases than in milk samples from bovine subclinical mastitis cases. The percentages of Staphylococcus spp. and Bacillus spp. might be higher in northeastern farms than in farms located in other regions. A higher percentage of Staphylococcus spp. was observed in summer, while a lower proportion of Streptococcus spp. was detected in fall. Streptococcus agalactiae and Streptococcus uberis were more frequently isolated in farms using sand bedding, whereas Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus haemolyticus and Bacillus licheniformis were more prevalent in farms using organic bedding. No obvious associations were found between the main mastitis pathogens and parity or lactation stage. Based on these findings, the dominant pathogens, types of milk, regions, seasons and bedding materials should be considered when designing mastitis prevention and control programs at large Chinese dairy farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangbin Song
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, PR China
| | - Xiaoping Huang
- Yili Innovation Center, Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., PR China
| | - Hongyan Xu
- Yili Innovation Center, Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., PR China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Yili Innovation Center, Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., PR China
| | - Shang Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, PR China
| | - Fei Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, PR China
| | - Shan Guan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, PR China
| | - Shan Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, PR China
| | - Kui Zhu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, PR China
| | - Congming Wu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, PR China.
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11
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Leso L, Barbari M, Lopes MA, Damasceno FA, Galama P, Taraba JL, Kuipers A. Invited review: Compost-bedded pack barns for dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2019; 103:1072-1099. [PMID: 31837797 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-16864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Compost-bedded pack barns (CBP) are receiving increasing attention as a housing system for dairy cows that has potential to improve animal welfare. This article reviews current scientific knowledge about CBP with the aim of providing a comprehensive tool for producers and researchers using this housing system. In CBP, cows are provided with an open bedded pack area rather than the individual stalls and concrete alleys found in freestall systems. The bedded pack, a mixture of organic bedding and cattle excreta, is cultivated frequently (1-3 times per day) to incorporate fresh manure and air into the pack, thus promoting an aerobic composting process. To function well, CBP generally require a large area per cow. Optimal animal densities over the bedded area range from 7.4 to more than 15 m2/cow depending on several factors, including climate, bedding, pack management, and cow characteristics. Studies have indicated that CBP, compared with conventional systems such as freestall barns, have the potential to improve the welfare of dairy cows. In particular, the main reported benefits include improved comfort during resting, better foot and leg health, and more natural animal behavior. Research has also indicated that adequate udder health can be achieved in CBP. However, because the bedded pack has been shown to contain high bacterial concentrations, proper management is essential to maintain adequate cow cleanliness and reduce the risk of mastitis. Controlling pack moisture is consistently indicated as the most important issue with CBP. Especially under cold and humid weather conditions, large amounts of bedding may be necessary to keep the pack adequately dry and comfortable for the cows. Nevertheless, the improvements in cow health may offset the higher costs of bedding.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Leso
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, IT50145 Firenze, Italy
| | - M Barbari
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, IT50145 Firenze, Italy.
| | - M A Lopes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Lavras, Campus UFLA-DMV, 37200-000, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - F A Damasceno
- Department of Engineering, Federal University of Lavras, Campus UFLA-DMV, 37200-000, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - P Galama
- Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research Centre, 8219 PH Lelystad, the Netherlands
| | - J L Taraba
- Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40546
| | - A Kuipers
- Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research Centre, 8219 PH Lelystad, the Netherlands
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12
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Adherent/invasive capacities of bovine-associated Aerococcus viridans contribute to pathogenesis of acute mastitis in a murine model. Vet Microbiol 2019; 230:202-211. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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13
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The Characteristics and Genome Analysis of vB_AviM_AVP, the First Phage Infecting Aerococcus viridans. Viruses 2019; 11:v11020104. [PMID: 30691182 PMCID: PMC6409932 DOI: 10.3390/v11020104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Aerococcus viridans is an opportunistic pathogen that is clinically associated with various human and animal diseases. In this study, the first identified A. viridans phage, vB_AviM_AVP (abbreviated as AVP), was isolated and studied. AVP belongs to the family Myoviridae. AVP harbors a double-stranded DNA genome with a length of 133,806 bp and a G + C content of 34.51%. The genome sequence of AVP showed low similarity (<1% identity) to those of other phages, bacteria, or other organisms in the database. Among 165 predicted open reading frames (ORFs), there were only 69 gene products exhibiting similarity (≤65% identity) to proteins of known functions in the database. In addition, the other 36 gene products did not match any viral or prokaryotic sequences in any publicly available database. On the basis of the putative functions of the ORFs, the genome of AVP was divided into three modules: nucleotide metabolism and replication, structural components, and lysis. A phylogenetic analysis of the terminase large subunits and capsid proteins indicated that AVP represents a novel branch of phages. The observed characteristics of AVP indicate that it represents a new class of phages.
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14
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Ribeiro Júnior JC, de Oliveira AM, Silva FDG, Tamanini R, de Oliveira ALM, Beloti V. The main spoilage-related psychrotrophic bacteria in refrigerated raw milk. J Dairy Sci 2017; 101:75-83. [PMID: 29102138 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Refrigerated raw milk may contain psychrotrophic microorganisms that produce thermoresistant exoproteases and lipases, which may compromise the quality of processed fluid milk and dairy products during storage. The aim of this work was to quantify and identify the deteriorating psychrotrophic microbiota in Brazilian refrigerated raw milk using genetic diversity analysis. The mean psychrotrophic count was 1.1 × 104 cfu/mL. Of the total isolates, 47.8 and 29.8% showed deteriorating activity at 35°C within 48 h and 7°C within 10 d, respectively. Among the proteolytic species, more isolated by this study were Lactococcus lactis (27.3%), Enterobacter kobei (14.8%), Serratia ureilytica (8%), Aerococcus urinaeequi (6.8%), and Bacillus licheniformis (6.8%). Observed among lipolytics were E. kobei (17.7%), L. lactis (15.6%), A. urinaeequi (12.5%), and Acinetobacter lwoffii (9.4%). The isolates S. ureilytica, E. kobei, Pseudomonas spp., and Yersinia enterocolitica potentially produced alkaline metalloprotease (aprX). Despite the low counts, a considerable portion of the psychrotrophic microbiota presented spoilage potential, which reaffirms the need for rigor in the control of contamination and the importance of rapid processing as factors that maintain the quality of milk and dairy products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A M de Oliveira
- Animal Products Inspection Laboratory, Paraná, 86.057-970, Brazil
| | - F de G Silva
- Animal Products Inspection Laboratory, Paraná, 86.057-970, Brazil
| | - R Tamanini
- Animal Products Inspection Laboratory, Paraná, 86.057-970, Brazil
| | - A L M de Oliveira
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, State University of Londrina, Paraná, 86.057-970, Brazil
| | - V Beloti
- Animal Products Inspection Laboratory, Paraná, 86.057-970, Brazil
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15
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Sun M, Gao J, Ali T, Yu D, Zhang S, Khan SU, Fanning S, Han B. Characteristics of Aerococcus viridans isolated from bovine subclinical mastitis and its effect on milk SCC, yield, and composition. Trop Anim Health Prod 2017; 49:843-849. [PMID: 28321788 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-017-1271-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Aerococcus viridians (A. viridans), an environmental Gram-positive bacterium, has been documented to be associated with bovine mastitis. However, its exact role in bovine mastitis and the changes it brings about in milk characteristics are not yet known. The objectives of the current study were to describe the antibiotic resistance of A. viridans from bovine mastitis as well as the correlation between existence of this pathogen in udders and the somatic cell counts (SCC), daily milk yield, and composition of individual cow. One-year sampling for subclinical mastitis composite milk was conducted based on monthly DHI data from September 2013 to August 2014, in a commercial herd located in Beijing, China. All samples were cultured and pathogens were identified using microbiology method. A. viridians isolates were further identified by API identification system and 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing method. Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was used to test the antibiotic resistance of A. viridians against kinds of antimicrobial substance. SCC, milk yield, and milk composition data were from monthly Dairy Herd Improvement (DHI) results. Results showed that a total of 279 (16.67%) A. viridans isolates were identified from among 1674 bacterial isolates cultured from milk samples with high SCC. The incidence of mastitis caused by A. viridans was the highest (48-53%) during the summer season. Majority of the isolates were susceptible to most of antimicrobial compounds tested, especially to β-lactams, but were found to be resistant (50-90%) to aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, and tetracycline. The average SCC of the A. viridans infected cows was significantly higher (1000.0 × 103 cells/mL) (P < 0.01) as compared to healthy cows (72.4 × 103 cells/mL) and daily milk yield decreased (P > 0.05) by 1.86 kg/day. Reductions were also observed in fat content (P > 0.05), lactose (P < 0.01), and total solids (P > 0.05), whereas protein content increased significantly (P < 0.01) in milk samples of cows infected with A. viridans. The results of this study suggest that A. viridans could be considered as an emerging aetiological agent of bovine subclinical mastitis wherein it exerts an effect on SCC, milk yield, and composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Sun
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Yuan Ming Yuan West Road No. 2, Haidian District, 100193, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Gao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Yuan Ming Yuan West Road No. 2, Haidian District, 100193, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tariq Ali
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Yuan Ming Yuan West Road No. 2, Haidian District, 100193, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Yu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Yuan Ming Yuan West Road No. 2, Haidian District, 100193, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyao Zhang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Yuan Ming Yuan West Road No. 2, Haidian District, 100193, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Saeed U Khan
- Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Séamus Fanning
- UCD-Centre for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy & Sports Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Bo Han
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Yuan Ming Yuan West Road No. 2, Haidian District, 100193, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Moreno LZ, Matajira CEC, Gomes VTM, Silva APS, Mesquita RE, Christ APG, Sato MIZ, Moreno AM. Molecular and antibiotic susceptibility characterization of Aerococcus viridans isolated from porcine urinary infection. Vet Microbiol 2016; 184:7-10. [PMID: 26854338 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Aerococcus viridans has been reported as a human and animal pathogen causing urinary tract infection, arthritis, pneumonia, meningitis and endocarditis. Routinely, A. viridans is not surveyed in clinical diagnosis laboratories and commonly is misidentified as other bacteria. There is no concrete data on the prevalence and impact of the pathogen to both human and animal health. In the present study, we report the isolation and molecular and antibiotic susceptibility characterization of A. viridans strains from porcine urinary infections. A total of 22 isolates were identified as A. viridans by MALDI-TOF MS and confirmed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Isolates were genotyped by single enzyme amplified fragments length polymorphism (SE-AFLP) that resulted in 19 clusters of which 81.2% were composed by single isolates. The high genetic heterogeneity corroborates previous studies and appears to be a particularity of A. viridans. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values also presented variability especially for ceftiofur, fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides. The high MICs of aminoglycosides, tetracyclines and macrolides seen among the A. viridans corroborate previous reports and the widespread veterinary usage of these antibiotics demand attention for the implication of A. viridans infection to both human and animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Z Moreno
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo. Av Prof Dr Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87; Cidade Universitária. São Paulo/SP, Brazil.
| | - Carlos E C Matajira
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo. Av Prof Dr Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87; Cidade Universitária. São Paulo/SP, Brazil.
| | - Vasco T M Gomes
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo. Av Prof Dr Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87; Cidade Universitária. São Paulo/SP, Brazil.
| | - Ana Paula S Silva
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo. Av Prof Dr Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87; Cidade Universitária. São Paulo/SP, Brazil.
| | - Renan E Mesquita
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo. Av Prof Dr Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87; Cidade Universitária. São Paulo/SP, Brazil.
| | - Ana Paula G Christ
- Companhia Ambiental do Estado de São Paulo (CETESB). Av Prof Frederico Hermann Jr, 345; 05459-900; Pinheiros. São Paulo/SP, Brazil.
| | - Maria Inês Z Sato
- Companhia Ambiental do Estado de São Paulo (CETESB). Av Prof Frederico Hermann Jr, 345; 05459-900; Pinheiros. São Paulo/SP, Brazil.
| | - Andrea M Moreno
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo. Av Prof Dr Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87; Cidade Universitária. São Paulo/SP, Brazil.
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17
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Hirzel C, Donà V, Guilarte YN, Furrer H, Marschall J, Endimiani A. Clonal analysis of Aerococcus urinae isolates by using the repetitive extragenic palindromic PCR (rep-PCR). J Infect 2015; 72:262-5. [PMID: 26620045 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Hirzel
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Valentina Donà
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yuvia N Guilarte
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hansjakob Furrer
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jonas Marschall
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Endimiani
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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