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Dong J, Tsui WNT, Leng X, Fu J, Lohman M, Anderson J, Hamill V, Lu N, Porter EP, Gray M, Sebhatu T, Brown S, Pogranichniy R, Wang H, Noll L, Bai J. Development of a three-panel multiplex real-time PCR assay for simultaneous detection of nine canine respiratory pathogens. METHODS IN MICROBIOLOGY 2022; 199:106528. [PMID: 35753509 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2022.106528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Infectious respiratory disease is one of the most common diseases in dogs worldwide. Several bacterial and viral pathogens can serve as causative agents of canine infectious respiratory disease (CIRD), including Mycoplasma cynos, Mycoplasma canis, Bordetella bronchiseptica, canine adenovirus type 2 (CAdV-2), canine herpesvirus 1 (CHV-1), canine parainfluenza virus (CPIV), canine distemper virus (CDV), canine influenza virus (CIA) and canine respiratory coronavirus (CRCoV). Since these organisms cause similar clinical symptoms, disease diagnosis based on symptoms alone can be difficult. Therefore, a quick and accurate test is necessary to rapidly identify the presence and relative concentrations of causative CIRD agents. In this study, a multiplex real-time PCR panel assay was developed and composed of three subpanels for detection of the aforementioned pathogens. Correlation coefficients (R2) were >0.993 for all singleplex and multiplex real-time PCR assays with the exception of one that was 0.988; PCR amplification efficiencies (E) were between 92.1% and 107.8% for plasmid DNA, and 90.6-103.9% for RNA templates. In comparing singular and multiplex PCR assays, the three multiplex reactions generated similar R2 and E values to those by corresponding singular reactions, suggesting that multiplexing did not interfere with the detection sensitivities. The limit of detection (LOD) of the multiplex real-time PCR for DNA templates was 5, 2, 3, 1, 1, 1, 4, 24 and 10 copies per microliter for M. cynos, M. canis, B. brochiseptica, CAdV-2, CHV-1, CPIV, CDV, CIA and CRCoV, respectively; and 3, 2, 6, 17, 4 and 8 copies per microliter for CAdV-2, CHV-1, CPIV, CDV, CIA and CRCoV, respectively, when RNA templates were used for the four RNA viruses. No cross-detection was observed among the nine pathogens. For the 740 clinical samples tested, the newly designed PCR assay showed higher diagnostic sensitivity compared to an older panel assay; pathogen identities from selected samples positive by the new assay but undetected by the older assay were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Our data showed that the new assay has higher diagnostic sensitivity while maintaining the assay's specificity, as compared to the older version of the panel assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junsheng Dong
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States; Yangzhou University College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wai Ning Tiffany Tsui
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States
| | - Xue Leng
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States; Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jinping Fu
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States
| | - Molly Lohman
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States
| | - Joseph Anderson
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States
| | - Vaughn Hamill
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States
| | - Nanyan Lu
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States; Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Elizabeth Poulsen Porter
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States
| | - Mark Gray
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States
| | - Tesfaalem Sebhatu
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States
| | - Susan Brown
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Roman Pogranichniy
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States; Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Heng Wang
- Yangzhou University College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lance Noll
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States; Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Jianfa Bai
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States; Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States.
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Huang P, Yu Y, Meng X, Wang T, Yan F, Li E, Shi Z, He H, Yang S, Xia X, Wang J, Feng N. Development of recombinase polymerase amplification assays for rapid and visual detection of canine distemper virus infecting giant panda. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:172. [PMID: 33892731 PMCID: PMC8063184 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02880-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Canine distemper virus (CDV) is an enveloped negative-strand RNA virus that exhibits a high mutation rate and continuously expands the range of hosts. Notably, CDV has infected giant panda with spill over from viral reservoirs in canines. Giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca), especially captive pandas, are known to be susceptible to natural infection with CDV. The high fatality rate of CDV poses a serious threat to the safety of the giant panda population. However, vaccines or drugs for canine distemper in giant pandas have not been developed to date. Therefore, a rapid test that can achieve accurate onsite detection of CDV is important to enable the timely implementation of control measures. In this study, we established a nucleic acid visualization assay for targeting the CDV N gene by using combines reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification with a closed vertical flow visualization strip (RT-RPA-VF). Results The RT-RPA-VF assay does not require sophisticated equipment, and it was determined to provide rapid detection at 35 °C for 30 min, while the limit of detection was 5 × 101 copies/μl RNA transcripts and 100.5 TCID50 ml− 1 viruses. The results showed that the assay was high specific to CDV and had no cross-reactivity with other viruses infecting the giant panda. Compared with RT-qPCR, RT-RPA-VF assay had a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 100% in 29 clinical samples. The coincidence rate between RT-RPA-VF and RT-qPCR was 100% (kappa = 1), indicating that the RT-RPA-VF assay possessed good diagnostic performance on clinical samples. Conclusions The RT-RPA-VF provides a novel alternative for the simple, sensitive, and specific identification of CDV and showed great potential for point of care diagnostics for captive and wild giant panda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yue Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xianyong Meng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Tiecheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China.,College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Feihu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Entao Li
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Zhikang Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Hongbin He
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Songtao Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Xianzhu Xia
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Jianzhong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.
| | - Na Feng
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China. .,College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China.
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Chung HC, Kim SJ, Nguyen VG, Shin S, Kim JY, Lim SK, Park YH, Park B. New genotype classification and molecular characterization of canine and feline parvoviruses. J Vet Sci 2020; 21:e43. [PMID: 32476317 PMCID: PMC7263909 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2020.21.e43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Canine parvovirus (CPV) and feline panleukopenia (FPV) cause severe intestinal disease and leukopenia. Objectives In Korea, there have been a few studies on Korean FPV and CPV-2 strains. We attempted to investigate several genetic properties of FPV and CPV-2. Methods Several FPV and CPV sequences from around world were analyzed by Bayesian phylo-geographical analysis. Results The parvoviruses strains were newly classified into FPV, CPV 2-I, CPV 2-II, and CPV 2-III genotypes. In the strains isolated in this study, Gigucheon, Rara and Jun belong to the FPV, while Rachi strain belong to CPV 2-III. With respect to CPV type 2, the new genotypes are inconsistent with the previous genotype classifications (CPV-2a, -2b, and -2c). The root of CPV-I strains were inferred to be originated from a USA strain, while the CPV-II and III were derived from Italy strains that originated in the USA. Based on VP2 protein analysis, CPV 2-I included CPV-2a-like isolates only, as differentiated by the change in residue S297A/N. Almost CPV-2a isolates were classified into CPV 2-III, and a large portion of CPV-2c isolates was classified into CPV 2-II. Two residue substitutions F267Y and Y324I of the VP2 protein were characterized in the isolates of CPV 2-III only. Conclusions We provided an updated insight on FPV and CPV-2 genotypes by molecular-based and our findings demonstrate the genetic characterization according to the new genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Chun Chung
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Virology Lab, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Sung Jae Kim
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Virology Lab, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Van Giap Nguyen
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Sook Shin
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | | | - Suk Kyung Lim
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Yong Ho Park
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - BongKyun Park
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Virology Lab, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
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Çomakli S, Özdemir S, Değirmençay Ş. Canine distemper virus induces downregulation of GABA A,GABA B, and GAT1 expression in brain tissue of dogs. Arch Virol 2020; 165:1321-1331. [PMID: 32253618 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04617-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the expression profiles of GABAA, GABAB, and GAT1 using RT-PCR and the immunoreactivity of GAT1 via immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence assays in CDV-infected brain tissue of dogs. For this purpose, dogs with CDV and dogs without CDV were selected. The mRNA transcript levels of GABAA, GABAB, and GAT1 were significantly downregulated in brain tissue in the CDV-infected group as compared with that in non-CDV-infected brain tissue in the control group (p < 0.01, p < 0.001). In addition, the immunoreactivity of GAT1 in CDV-infected brain tissue was significantly lower than in the uninfected group (p < 0.05). We conclude that one of the main causes of myoclonus in CDV infections may be the blockage of postsynaptic inhibition in neurons or a lack of metabolism of GABA. In addition, a GABA neurotransmission imbalance could play a role in demyelination in CDV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selim Çomakli
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Selçuk Özdemir
- Department of Genetic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Şükrü Değirmençay
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Hao X, Liu R, He Y, Xiao X, Xiao W, Zheng Q, Lin X, Tao P, Zhou P, Li S. Multiplex PCR methods for detection of several viruses associated with canine respiratory and enteric diseases. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213295. [PMID: 30830947 PMCID: PMC6398926 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral respiratory and intestinal infections are the most common causes of canine viral illness. Infection with multiple pathogens occurs in many cases. Rapid diagnosis of these multiple infections is important for providing timely and effective treatment. To improve diagnosis, in this study, two new multiplex polymerase chain reactions (mPCRs) were developed for simultaneous detection of canine respiratory viruses (CRV) and canine enteric viruses (CEV) using two separate primer mixes. The viruses included canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2), canine distemper virus (CDV), canine influenza virus (CIV), canine parainfluenza virus (CPIV), canine circovirus (CanineCV), canine coronavirus (CCoV) and canine parvovirus (CPV). The sensitivity of the mPCR results showed that the detection limit of both mPCR methods was 1×104 viral copies. Twenty nasal swabs (NS) and 20 anal swabs (AS) collected from dogs with symptoms of respiratory disease or enteric disease were evaluated using the novel mPCR methods as a clinical test. The mPCR protocols, when applied to these respiratory specimens and intestinal samples, could detect 7 viruses simultaneously, allowing rapid investigation of CRV (CAV-2, CDV, CIV and CPIV) and CEV (CAV-2, CanineCV, CCoV and CPV) status and prompt evaluation of coinfection. Our study provides an effective and accurate tool for rapid differential diagnosis and epidemiological surveillance in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangqi Hao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruohan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuwei He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangyu Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiqi Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingxu Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xi Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pan Tao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pei Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (PZ); (SL)
| | - Shoujun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (PZ); (SL)
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