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Lokken-Toyli KL, de Steenhuijsen Piters WAA, Zangari T, Martel R, Kuipers K, Shopsin B, Loomis C, Bogaert D, Weiser JN. Decreased production of epithelial-derived antimicrobial molecules at mucosal barriers during early life. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:1358-1368. [PMID: 34465896 PMCID: PMC8542637 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-021-00438-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Young age is a risk factor for respiratory and gastrointestinal infections. Here, we compared infant and adult mice to identify age-dependent mechanisms that drive susceptibility to mucosal infections during early life. Transcriptional profiling of the upper respiratory tract (URT) epithelium revealed significant dampening of early life innate mucosal defenses. Epithelial-mediated production of the most abundant antimicrobial molecules, lysozyme, and lactoferrin, and the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR), responsible for IgA transcytosis, was expressed in an age-dependent manner. This was attributed to delayed functional development of serous cells. Absence of epithelial-derived lysozyme and the pIgR was also observed in the small intestine during early life. Infection of infant mice with lysozyme-susceptible strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae or Staphylococcus aureus in the URT or gastrointestinal tract, respectively, demonstrated an age-dependent regulation of lysozyme enzymatic activity. Lysozyme derived from maternal milk partially compensated for the reduction in URT lysozyme activity of infant mice. Similar to our observations in mice, expression of lysozyme and the pIgR in nasopharyngeal samples collected from healthy human infants during the first year of life followed an age-dependent regulation. Thus, a global pattern of reduced antimicrobial and IgA-mediated defenses may contribute to increased susceptibility of young children to mucosal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen L. Lokken-Toyli
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York USA.,for correspondence: Kristen L. Lokken-Toyli, PhD, New York University School of Medicine, Alexandria Center for Life Sciences - West Tower, 430 East 29th Street, Room 560, New York, NY 10016, Tel: (212) 263-1080, Fax: (646) 501-4645,
| | - Wouter A. A. de Steenhuijsen Piters
- Department of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital/University Medical Center Utrecht, Lundlaan 6, 3584 EA Utrecht, the Netherlands; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Tonia Zangari
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York USA
| | - Rachel Martel
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York USA
| | - Kirsten Kuipers
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York USA
| | - Bo Shopsin
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Cynthia Loomis
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York USA
| | - Debby Bogaert
- Department of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital/University Medical Center Utrecht, Lundlaan 6, 3584 EA Utrecht, the Netherlands; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, the Netherlands; University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK.
| | - Jeffrey N. Weiser
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York USA
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Cingi C, Bayar Muluk N, Mitsias DI, Papadopoulos NG, Klimek L, Laulajainen-Hongisto A, Hytönen M, Toppila-Salmi SK, Scadding GK. The Nose as a Route for Therapy: Part 1. Pharmacotherapy. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2021; 2:638136. [PMID: 35387039 PMCID: PMC8974766 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2021.638136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This article reviews nasal structure and function in the light of intranasal pharmacotherapy. The nose provides an accessible, fast route for local treatment of nose and sinus diseases, with lower doses than are necessary systemically and few adverse effects. It can also be used for other medications as it has sufficient surface area protected from local damage by mucociliary clearance, absence of digestive enzymes, responsive blood flow, and provides a rapid route to the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cemal Cingi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Nuray Bayar Muluk
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Dimitrios I Mitsias
- Allergy Department, 2nd Pediatric Clinic, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos G Papadopoulos
- Allergy Department, 2nd Pediatric Clinic, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ludger Klimek
- Centre for Rhinology and Allergology, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Anu Laulajainen-Hongisto
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maija Hytönen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sanna Katriina Toppila-Salmi
- Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Faculty of Medicine, The Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Glenis Kathleen Scadding
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.,Royal National Throat Nose and Ear Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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Masuda N, Mantani Y, Yuasa H, Yoshitomi C, Arai M, Nishida M, Qi WM, Kawano J, Yokoyama T, Hoshi N, Kitagawa H. Immunohistochemical study on the distribution of β-defensin 1 and β-defensin 2 throughout the respiratory tract of healthy rats. J Vet Med Sci 2018; 80:395-404. [PMID: 29311494 PMCID: PMC5880817 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The distributions of β-defensin 1 and 2 in secretory host defense system throughout respiratory tract of healthy rats were immunohistochemically investigated. In the nasal epithelium, a
large number of non-ciliated and non-microvillous cells (NCs) were immunopositive for both β-defensin 1 and 2, whereas a small number of goblet cells (GCs) were immunopositive only for
β-defensin 1. Beta-defensin 2-immunopositive GCs were few. In the nasal glands, a small number of acinar cells and a large number of ductal epithelial cells were immunopositive for both
β-defensins. In the laryngeal and tracheal epithelia, a very few NCs and GCs were immunopositive for both β-defensins. In laryngeal and tracheal glands, a very few acinar cells and a large
number of ductal epithelial cells were immunopositive for both β-defensins. In the extra-pulmonary bronchus, a small number of NCs were immunopositive for both β-defensins. A small number of
GCs were immunopositive for β-defensin 1, whereas few GCs were immunopositive for β-defensin 2. From the intra-pulmonary bronchus to alveoli, a very few or no epithelial cells were
immunopositive for both β-defensins. In the mucus and periciliary layers, β-defensin 1 was detected from the nose to the extra-pulmonary bronchus, whereas β-defensin 2 was weakly detected
only in the nose and the larynx. These findings suggest that the secretory sources of β-defensin 1 and 2 are mainly distributed in the nasal mucosa and gradually decrease toward the caudal
airway in healthy rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsumi Masuda
- Laboratory of Histophysiology, Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Youhei Mantani
- Laboratory of Histophysiology, Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Hideto Yuasa
- Laboratory of Histophysiology, Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Chiaki Yoshitomi
- Laboratory of Histophysiology, Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Masaya Arai
- Laboratory of Histophysiology, Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Miho Nishida
- Laboratory of Histophysiology, Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Wang-Mei Qi
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 306 Zhaowuda Road, Huhhot, Inner Mongolia 010018, P. R. China
| | - Junichi Kawano
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Yokoyama
- Laboratory of Molecular Morphology, Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Hoshi
- Laboratory of Molecular Morphology, Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kitagawa
- Laboratory of Histophysiology, Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
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