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Kikuchi Y, Watabe S, Yamamoto A, Sato K, Fujinuma W, Kawano J, Yuzawa K, Aso T, Eguchi M, Ishida T, Motoi T, Uozaki H. Periosteal Myxoid Leiomyosarcoma Histologically Mimicking Extraskeletal Myxoid Chondrosarcoma: Report of a Case with Histopathological and Cytopathological Comparison with Extraskeletal Myxoid Chondrosarcoma. Acta Cytol 2021; 65:541-548. [PMID: 34569497 DOI: 10.1159/000518004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Myxoid leiomyosarcoma (MLS) is a rare variant of leiomyosarcoma, with most cases occurring in the uterus. A case of MLS arising in the periosteal region of the tibia, mimicking extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma (EMC), is described. The evaluation included histological and cytological comparison with EMC. The patient was a 77-year-old man with a palpable mass at the anterior aspect of the right lower leg. After diagnosis by cytopathology and biopsy examination, a wide resection was performed. The resulting cytological smears were composed primarily of spindle-shaped tumor cells in a myxoid and hemorrhagic background. Histologically, the tumor showed abundant myxoid matrix and tumor cells proliferating in a cord-like to reticular pattern, exhibiting a lace-like arrangement that mimicked EMC. Although immunohistochemical findings suggested leiomyosarcoma, a diagnosis of EMC eventually was excluded by the lack of a split signal when assessed for a rearrangement of NR4A3 by chromogenic in situ hybridization. Despite histological similarity to EMC, characteristic cytological findings of EMC such as epithelioid structures with a cord-like pattern and chondroblast-like lacunar structures were not observed in the smears of this patient's MLS. We propose that cytopathological examination of bone and soft tissue lesions is useful as a diagnostic tool in similar cases. A total diagnostic workup, including clinical, radiographic, cytopathological, histopathological, and molecular findings, is needed to ensure an accurate final diagnosis and to reduce diagnostic error.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinao Kikuchi
- Department of Pathology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shiori Watabe
- Department of Pathology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Asako Yamamoto
- Department of Radiology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Sato
- Department of Orthopaedics, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wataru Fujinuma
- Department of Orthopaedics, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junichi Kawano
- Department of Pathology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Yuzawa
- Department of Pathology, Mizonokuchi Hospital, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Aso
- Department of Pathology, Mizonokuchi Hospital, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Masanobu Eguchi
- Department of Pathology, Mizonokuchi Hospital, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Ishida
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, National Hospital Organization Saitama Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Toru Motoi
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Uozaki
- Department of Pathology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Masuda N, Mantani Y, Yuasa H, Yoshitomi C, Arai M, Nishida M, Qi WM, Kawano J, Yokoyama T, Hoshi N, Kitagawa H. Immunohistochemical study on the distribution of β-defensin 1 and β-defensin 2 throughout the respiratory tract of healthy rats. J Vet Med Sci 2018; 80:395-404. [PMID: 29311494 PMCID: PMC5880817 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The distributions of β-defensin 1 and 2 in secretory host defense system throughout respiratory tract of healthy rats were immunohistochemically investigated. In the nasal epithelium, a
large number of non-ciliated and non-microvillous cells (NCs) were immunopositive for both β-defensin 1 and 2, whereas a small number of goblet cells (GCs) were immunopositive only for
β-defensin 1. Beta-defensin 2-immunopositive GCs were few. In the nasal glands, a small number of acinar cells and a large number of ductal epithelial cells were immunopositive for both
β-defensins. In the laryngeal and tracheal epithelia, a very few NCs and GCs were immunopositive for both β-defensins. In laryngeal and tracheal glands, a very few acinar cells and a large
number of ductal epithelial cells were immunopositive for both β-defensins. In the extra-pulmonary bronchus, a small number of NCs were immunopositive for both β-defensins. A small number of
GCs were immunopositive for β-defensin 1, whereas few GCs were immunopositive for β-defensin 2. From the intra-pulmonary bronchus to alveoli, a very few or no epithelial cells were
immunopositive for both β-defensins. In the mucus and periciliary layers, β-defensin 1 was detected from the nose to the extra-pulmonary bronchus, whereas β-defensin 2 was weakly detected
only in the nose and the larynx. These findings suggest that the secretory sources of β-defensin 1 and 2 are mainly distributed in the nasal mucosa and gradually decrease toward the caudal
airway in healthy rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsumi Masuda
- Laboratory of Histophysiology, Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Youhei Mantani
- Laboratory of Histophysiology, Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Hideto Yuasa
- Laboratory of Histophysiology, Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Chiaki Yoshitomi
- Laboratory of Histophysiology, Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Masaya Arai
- Laboratory of Histophysiology, Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Miho Nishida
- Laboratory of Histophysiology, Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Wang-Mei Qi
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 306 Zhaowuda Road, Huhhot, Inner Mongolia 010018, P. R. China
| | - Junichi Kawano
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Yokoyama
- Laboratory of Molecular Morphology, Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Hoshi
- Laboratory of Molecular Morphology, Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kitagawa
- Laboratory of Histophysiology, Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
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Masuda N, Mantani Y, Yoshitomi C, Yuasa H, Nishida M, Arai M, Kawano J, Yokoyama T, Hoshi N, Kitagawa H. Immunohistochemical study on the secretory host defense system with lysozyme and secretory phospholipase A2 throughout rat respiratory tract. J Vet Med Sci 2017; 80:323-332. [PMID: 29225322 PMCID: PMC5836772 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The host defense system with lysozyme and secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) was immunohistochemically investigated in rat respiratory tract under healthy conditions. In the nasal epithelium, a large number of non-ciliated and non-microvillous cells (NC) and a small number of goblet cells (GC) were immunopositive for lysozyme and sPLA2. A few acinar cells and almost all epithelial cells of intercalated ducts were immunopositive for both bactericidal substances in the nasal glands. In the laryngeal and tracheal epithelia, few NC and GC were immunopositive for both bactericidal substances. In the laryngeal and tracheal glands, a few acinar cells and most ductal epithelial cells were immunopositive for both bactericidal substances. In extra-pulmonary bronchus, small numbers of NC and GC were immunopositive for lysozyme and sPLA2, whereas few NC and no GC were immunopositive in the intra-pulmonary bronchus. No secretory source of either bactericidal substance was located in the bronchioles. In the alveolus, many glandular epithelial cells and alveolar macrophages were immunopositive for lysozyme but immunonegative for sPLA2. Moreover, lysozyme and sPLA2 were detected in the mucus layer and in the periciliary layer from the nose to the extra-pulmonary bronchus. These findings suggest that secretory sources of lysozyme and sPLA2 are distributed in almost all the respiratory tract. Their secretory products are probably transported to the pharynx and contribute to form the first line of defense against inhaled bacteria throughout the respiratory tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsumi Masuda
- Laboratory of Histophysiology, Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Youhei Mantani
- Laboratory of Histophysiology, Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Chiaki Yoshitomi
- Laboratory of Histophysiology, Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Hideto Yuasa
- Laboratory of Histophysiology, Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Miho Nishida
- Laboratory of Histophysiology, Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Masaya Arai
- Laboratory of Histophysiology, Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Junichi Kawano
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Yokoyama
- Laboratory of Molecular Morphology, Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Hoshi
- Laboratory of Molecular Morphology, Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kitagawa
- Laboratory of Histophysiology, Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
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Yuasa H, Mantani Y, Masuda N, Nishida M, Arai M, Yokoyama T, Tsuruta H, Kawano J, Hoshi N, Kitagawa H. Mechanism of M-cell differentiation accelerated by proliferation of indigenous bacteria in rat Peyer's patches. J Vet Med Sci 2017; 79:1826-1835. [PMID: 28993550 PMCID: PMC5709560 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism by which indigenous bacteria on the follicle-associated epithelium (FAE) of lymphatic follicles (LFs) accelerate the differentiation of microvillous columnar epithelial cells (MV) into M-cells was
immunohistochemically investigated in rat Peyer’s patches. The results showed that the number of Toll-like receptor (TLR) -4+ M-cells was greater in the FAE with expansion of bacterial colonies (LFs with bacterial
colonies on the FAE: b-LF) than the FAE without expansion of bacterial colonies (nb-LF). TLR-4 was also expressed in the striated borders of MV upstream next to M-cells in the FAE of the b-LF. TLR-4+ vesicles were
frequently detected in the cytoplasms of MV with TLR-4+ striated borders upstream next to TLR-4+ M-cells in the FAE of b-LF. These findings suggest that TLR-4+ MV take up TLR-4 ligands and
differentiate into M-cells in the b-LF. Neither the distribution of RANK nor that of RANKL was coincident with that of M-cells in the b-LF. Moreover, RANK, but not RANKL, was expressed in intestinal villi, whereas cleaved
caspase-3 was immunonegative in the MV and M-cells of the FAE, unlike in villous epithelial cells. Therefore, RANK/RANKL signaling in the LF might contribute to the down-regulation of epithelial apoptosis to facilitate the
differentiation of MV into M-cells in rat Peyer’s patches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideto Yuasa
- Laboratory of Histophysiology, Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Youhei Mantani
- Laboratory of Histophysiology, Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Natsumi Masuda
- Laboratory of Histophysiology, Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Miho Nishida
- Laboratory of Histophysiology, Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Masaya Arai
- Laboratory of Histophysiology, Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Yokoyama
- Laboratory of Molecular Morphology, Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tsuruta
- Center for Collaborative Research and Technology Development, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Junichi Kawano
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Hoshi
- Laboratory of Molecular Morphology, Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kitagawa
- Laboratory of Histophysiology, Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
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Dalai W, Matsuo E, Takeyama N, Kawano J, Saeki K. Increased expression of prion protein gene is accompanied by demethylation of CpG sites in a mouse embryonal carcinoma cell line, P19C6. J Vet Med Sci 2017; 79:644-648. [PMID: 28132962 PMCID: PMC5383191 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.16-0554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Elucidation of the processes regulating the prion protein gene (Prnp) is an important key to understanding the development of prion disorders.
In this study, we explored the involvement of DNA methylation in Prnp transcriptional regulation during neuronal differentiation of embryonic
carcinoma P19C6 cells. When P19C6 cells were differentiated into neuronal cells, the expression of Prnp was markedly increased, while CpG
methylation was significantly demethylated at the nucleotide region between −599 and −238 from the transcription start site. In addition, when P19C6 cells were
applied in a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, RG108, Prnp transcripts were also significantly increased in relation to the decreased
methylation statuses. These findings helped to elucidate the DNA methylation-mediated regulation of Prnp expression during neuronal
differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuyun Dalai
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
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Dalai W, Matsuo E, Takeyama N, Kawano J, Saeki K. CpG site DNA methylation patterns reveal a novel regulatory element in the mouse prion protein gene. J Vet Med Sci 2017; 79:100-107. [PMID: 27666463 PMCID: PMC5289245 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.16-0390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular isoform of the prion protein (PrPC) plays critical roles in the development of prion disorders. Although PrP mRNA is ubiquitously
present in a tissue-specific manner, the DNA methylation of PrP gene (Prnp) is still unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that the CpG
island (CGI, positioned at −218 to +152 bp from the transcriptional start site) including the Prnp core promoter region was completely
unmethylated in all tested tissues. On the other hand, CpG methylation in the CGI shore region (positioned at −599 to −238 bp) occurred in various tissue- and
site-specific proportions. Interestingly, the correlation analysis between CpG methylation status and PrP mRNA levels showed that one CpG site methylation at
−576 was negatively correlated with the PrP mRNA level (Pearson’s r = −0.374, P=0.035). Taken together, our results suggest
that Prnp is a typical housekeeping gene and various methylation frequencies of the CGI shore region are likely to affect Prnp
expression in a tissue-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuyun Dalai
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
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Yuasa H, Mantani Y, Masuda N, Nishida M, Kawano J, Yokoyama T, Hoshi N, Kitagawa H. Differential expression of Toll-like receptor-2, -4 and -9 in follicle-associated epithelium from epithelia of both follicle-associated intestinal villi and ordinary intestinal villi in rat Peyer's patches. J Vet Med Sci 2016; 78:1797-1804. [PMID: 27593683 PMCID: PMC5240757 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.16-0349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The expressions of Toll-like receptor (TLR) -2, -4 and -9 were immunohistochemically
investigated in the follicle-associated epithelium (FAE), and epithelia of the
follicle-associated intestinal villus (FAIV) and ordinary intestinal villus (IV) in rat
Peyer’s patch regions with no bacterial colonies on the mucous membranes. TLR-2 was
expressed in the striated borders of microvillous columnar epithelial cells (MV) in both
FAIV and IV except in the apices. However, TLR-2 expression in the striated borders was
weaker in the epithelium of the follicular side of FAIV (f-FAIV) than in epithelia of IV
and the anti-follicular side of FAIV. TLR-4 and -9 were not expressed in the FAIV and IV.
In the FAE, TLR-2, -4 and -9 were not expressed in the striated borders of MV, but the
roofs of some typical M-cells were immunopositive for all TLRs. Especially, no
TLR-positive MV were found at the FAE sites where M-cells appeared most frequently. In the
follicle-associated intestinal crypt (FAIC), immunopositivity for all TLRs was observed in
the striated borders of MV and the luminal substances. In conclusion, the lower levels of
TLR-2 in both FAE and the epithelium of f-FAIV probably reduce recognition of indigenous
bacteria. TLR-2, -4 and -9 appear not to participate directly in differentiation of MV
into M-cells, because TLRs were not expressed in any MV in the upstream region of M-cells
in FAE with no settlement of indigenous bacteria in the rat Peyer’s patches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideto Yuasa
- Laboratory of Histophysiology, Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
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Matsuo E, Saeki K, Roy P, Kawano J. Development of reverse genetics for Ibaraki virus to produce viable VP6-tagged IBAV. FEBS Open Bio 2015; 5:445-53. [PMID: 26101741 PMCID: PMC4472822 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A reverse genetics system for Ibaraki virus (IBAV) was developed. The RG system was used to produce viable VP6-tagged IBAV. A region of VP6 (aa 34–82) is not required for IBAV replication in tissue culture. The insertion of tags into the nonessential VP6 region did not disrupt replication. IBAV VP6 quickly assembled into puncta in the cytosol of infected cells.
Ibaraki virus (IBAV) is a member of the epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) serogroup, which belongs to the Orbivirus genus of the Reoviridae family. Although EHDV, including IBAV, represents an ongoing threat to livestock in the world, molecular mechanisms of EHDV replication and pathogenesis have been unclear. The reverse genetics (RG) system is one of the strong tools to understand molecular mechanisms of virus replication. Here, we developed a RG system for IBAV to identify the nonessential region of a minor structural protein, VP6, by generating VP6-truncated IBAV. Moreover, several tags were inserted into the truncated region to produce VP6-tagged IBAV. We demonstrated that all VP6-tagged IBAV could replicate in BHK cells in the absence of any helper VP6 protein. Further, tagged-VP6 proteins were first assembled into puncta in cells infected with VP6-tagged IBAV. Our data suggests that, in order to initiate primary replication, IBAV VP6 is likely to accumulate in some parts of infected cells to assemble efficiently into the primary replication complex (subcore).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiko Matsuo
- Microbiology & Immunology, Division of Animal Science, Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1, Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe-city 657-8501, Japan
| | - Keiichi Saeki
- Microbiology & Immunology, Division of Animal Science, Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1, Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe-city 657-8501, Japan
| | - Polly Roy
- Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Junichi Kawano
- Microbiology & Immunology, Division of Animal Science, Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1, Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe-city 657-8501, Japan
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Mantani Y, Ito E, Nishida M, Yuasa H, Masuda N, Qi WM, Kawano J, Yokoyama T, Hoshi N, Kitagawa H. Ultrastructural study on the morphological changes in indigenous bacteria of mucous layer and chyme throughout the rat intestine. J Vet Med Sci 2015; 77:1121-8. [PMID: 25890991 PMCID: PMC4591154 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.15-0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Indigenous bacteria in the alimentary tract are exposed to various bactericidal
peptides and digestive enzymes, but the viability status and morphological changes of
indigenous bacteria are unclear. Therefore, the present study aimed to ultrastructurally
clarify the degeneration and viability status of indigenous bacteria in the rat intestine.
The majority of indigenous bacteria in the ileal mucous layer possessed intact cytoplasm,
but the cytoplasm of a few bacteria contained vacuoles. The vacuoles were more frequently
found in bacteria of ileal chyme than in those of ileal mucous layer and were found in a
large majority of bacteria in both the mucous layer and chyme throughout the large
intestine. In the dividing bacteria of the mucous layer and chyme throughout the
intestine, the ratio of area occupied by vacuoles was almost always less than 10%. Lysis
or detachment of the cell wall in the indigenous bacteria was more frequently found in the
large intestine than in the ileum, whereas bacterial remnants, such as cell walls, were
distributed almost evenly throughout the intestine. In an experimental control of
long-time-cultured Staphylococcus epidermidis on agar, similar vacuoles
were also found, but cell-wall degeneration was never observed. From these findings,
indigenous bacteria in the mucous layer were ultrastructurally confirmed to be the source
of indigenous bacteria in the chyme. Furthermore, the results suggested that indigenous
bacteria were more severely degenerated toward the large intestine and were probably
degraded in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youhei Mantani
- Laboratory of Histophysiology, Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
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Kawano J, Patel J, Kittleson M, Liou F, Wong D, Jamero G, Azarbal B, Chang D, Czer L, Trento A, Kobashigawa J. Rubidium Positron Emission Tomography and Coronary Flow Reserve Predicts Graft Function After Heart Transplant. J Heart Lung Transplant 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2015.01.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Mantani Y, Nishida M, Yuasa H, Yamamoto K, Takahara EI, Omotehara T, Udayanga KGS, Kawano J, Yokoyama T, Hoshi N, Kitagawa H. Ultrastructural and histochemical study on the Paneth cells in the rat ascending colon. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2014; 297:1462-71. [PMID: 24788798 DOI: 10.1002/ar.22937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Paneth cells (PCs) contribute to the host defense against indigenous bacteria in the small intestine. We found Paneth cell-like cells (PLCs) in the rat ascending colon, but the nature of PLCs is never clarified. Therefore, the present study aimed to clarify the cytological characteristics of PLCs and discuss their cellular differentiation. PLCs were localized in the bases of intestinal crypts, especially follicle-associated intestinal crypts in proximal colonic lymphoid tissue, but were very seldom found in the ordinary intestinal crypts of the ascending colon. PLCs possessed specific granules with highly electron-dense cores and haloes, as well as PCs in the small intestine. The secretory granules of PLCs were positive for PAS reaction, lysozyme and soluble phospholipase A2, but negative for Alcian blue staining, β-defensin-1 and -2, as well as the ones of PCs. Furthermore, intermediate cells possessing both the PLC-specific granules and the mucus granules similar to those of goblet cells (GCs) were occasionally found in the vicinity of PLCs. Intermediate cells ranged from goblet cell-like cells rich in mucus granules to PLC-like cells with few mucus granules. The cellular condensation and fragmentation were exclusively found in PLCs but never seen in intermediate cells or GCs. The PLCs, which were identified as PC, were suggested to be transformed from GCs through intermediate cells and finally to die by apoptosis in intestinal crypts of proximal colonic lymphoid tissue in the rat ascending colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youhei Mantani
- Laboratory of Histophysiology, Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
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12
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Mantani Y, Yuasa H, Nishida M, Takahara EI, Omotehara T, Udayanga KGS, Kawano J, Yokoyama T, Hoshi N, Kitagawa H. Peculiar composition of epithelial cells in follicle-associated intestinal crypts of Peyer's patches in the rat small intestine. J Vet Med Sci 2014; 76:833-8. [PMID: 24572630 PMCID: PMC4108766 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.14-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The epithelial cell
composition was investigated in the follicle-associated intestinal crypt (FAIC) of rat
Peyer’s patches. The epithelium of the FAIC mainly consisted of columnar epithelial cells,
goblet cells and Paneth cells. The characteristics of secretory granules in Paneth cells
and goblet cells of both the FAIC and ordinary intestinal crypts (IC) were almost the same
in periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) reaction, Alcian blue (AB) staining and the
immunohistochemical detection of lysozymes and soluble phospholipase A2. Both goblet cells
and Paneth cells were markedly less frequent on the follicular sides than on the
anti-follicular sides of the FAIC. Goblet cells were also markedly less frequent in the
follicle-associated epithelium (FAE) than in the ordinary intestinal villi (IV).
Indigenous bacteria were more frequently adhered to FAE than to follicle-associated
intestinal villi or IV. These findings suggest that the host defense against indigenous
bacteria is inhibited on the follicular sides of FAIC, which might contribute to the
preferential settlement of indigenous bacteria on the FAE; they also suggest that
differentiation into secretory cells is inhibited in the epithelium of the follicular
sides of FAIC, so that differentiation into M cells might be admitted in the FAE of rat
Peyer’s patches. Furthermore, intermediate cells possessing characteristics of both Paneth
cells and goblet cells were rarely found in the FAIC, but not in the IC. This finding
suggests that the manner of differentiation into Paneth cells in the FAIC differs from
that in the IC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youhei Mantani
- Laboratory of Histophysiology, Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
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13
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Mantani Y, Takahara EI, Takeuchi T, Kawano J, Yokoyama T, Hoshi N, Kitagawa H. Histoplanimetrical study on the relationship between invasion of indigenous bacteria into intestinal crypts and proliferation of epithelial cells in rat ascending colon. J Vet Med Sci 2013; 75:939-47. [PMID: 23470279 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.13-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between the invasion of indigenous bacteria into intestinal crypts and the proliferation of epithelial cells was histoplanimetrically investigated in the rat ascending colon. Indigenous bacteria preferentially adhered to the intestinal superficial epithelial cells in the mesenterium-attached mucosa (MAM) compared to those in the mesenterium-non-attached mucosa (MNM). Intestinal crypts with indigenous bacteria were also significantly more frequently found in MAM than in MNM. Total epithelial cells, columnar epithelial cells and goblet cells were significantly more abundant in the intestinal crypts with no-indigenous bacteria in MAM (MAM-C) than those in MNM (MNM-C), whereas the columnar epithelial cells were less abundant in MAM-C than in the intestinal crypts with indigenous bacteria in MAM (MAM-C-B). Columnar epithelial cells and goblet cells immuno-positive for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in MAM-C were more abundant than those in MNM-C, but less abundant than those in MAM-C-B. Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2, -4 and -9 were immuno-positive in the striated borders of the intestinal superficial epithelial cells, but their positive intensities were weaker in MAM than in MNM. From these findings, indigenous bacteria were confirmed to preferentially settle on the intestinal superficial epithelium of MAM in the rat ascending colon, and low TLRs-expression might contribute to the preferential settlement of indigenous bacteria in MAM. The increase of proliferating epithelial cells is probably induced by the invasion of indigenous bacteria into the intestinal crypts of MAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youhei Mantani
- Laboratory of Histophysiology, Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
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14
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Mantani Y, Yokoo Y, Kamezaki A, Udayanga KGS, Takahara EI, Takeuchi T, Kawano J, Yokoyama T, Hoshi N, Kitagawa H. Immunohistochemical detection of toll-like receptor-2, -4 and -9 in exocrine glands associated with rat alimentary tract. J Vet Med Sci 2012; 74:1429-38. [PMID: 22785180 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.12-0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Localization of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the exocrine glands associated with the rat alimentary tract was immunohistochemically studied using anti-TLR antibodies. TLR-2, -4 and -9 were detected in the secretory granules of acinar cells or the luminal substances of the gustatory gland, extraorbital lacrimal gland, Harderian gland, proper gastric gland and pancreas. TLR-2 and -9 were also detected in the mucous acinar cells of the sublingual gland. Positivity for all TLRs was found in the striated borders of columnar epithelial cells and the luminal substances of the intestinal crypts throughout the small intestine, and also in the goblet cells throughout the large intestine. Only TLR-4 was detected in the secretory granules of Paneth cells. A reduction of TLR-4-positive secretory granules and the formation of TLR-4-positive vacuoles were found in the ileal Paneth cells under the hyper-proliferation of indigenous bacteria. In the apical to middle intervillous portions of the ileum, Gram-positive bacterial colonies were significantly more abundant than Gram-negative bacterial colonies, whereas this difference disappeared in the basal intervillous portions. These findings suggest that there are distribution differences in the secretory sources of soluble TLRs that possibly neutralize their luminal ligands, in the rat alimentary tract. Therefore, the bacterial ligand-recognition system composed of the membranous TLRs of villous columnar epithelial cells and soluble TLRs from crypt epithelial cells might contribute to host defense mechanisms for the selective elimination of Gram-positive bacteria rather than Gram-negative bacteria in the rat small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youhei Mantani
- Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
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15
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Kawano J, Roy G, Huisa-Garate B. Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Differences in Patients with Wake-Up Stroke (P05.216). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.p05.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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16
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Egi M, Kawano J, Shimamura J. Architecture of the human-friendly robot 'Marvel'. Adv Robot 2012. [DOI: 10.1163/156855399x00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mamoru Egi
- a OMRON Corp., Industrial Automation Company IT Technology Development Department, System Development Center, Technology Development Center Headquarters, Japan
| | - Junichi Kawano
- b OMRON Corp., Industrial Automation Company IT Technology Development Department, System Development Center, Technology Development Center Headquarters, Japan
| | - Junji Shimamura
- c OMRON Corp., Industrial Automation Company IT Technology Development Department, System Development Center, Technology Development Center Headquarters, Japan
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17
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Yagata H, Hayashi N, Yoshida A, Kajiura Y, Kawano J, In R, Matsuda N, Yamauchi H. 359 Long-term Recovery From Hair Loss in Patients with Breast Cancer Who Have Received Chemotherapy. Eur J Cancer 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(12)70425-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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18
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Udayanga KGS, Yamamoto K, Miyata H, Yokoo Y, Mantani Y, Takahara EI, Kawano J, Yokoyama T, Hoshi N, Kitagawa H. Alteration in the apoptosis process of rat esophageal epithelium with hyperproliferation of indigenous bacteria under a physiological condition. J Vet Med Sci 2011; 74:597-605. [PMID: 22188996 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.11-0516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The apoptosis process in rat esophageal epithelium was investigated using enzyme-immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy. As a result, Fas and Fas-L were expressed in the epithelial cell membrane and cytoplasm from the stratum spinosum (SS) to the stratum granulosum (SG). No TNF-R1 show immunopositivity in the cell membranes. TNF-α and caspase-8 were not observed in any layer. Caspase-10, cleaved caspase-3, XIAP and DNase-1 were found in the epithelial cytoplasm from the SS to the SG, whereas Bid, Apaf-1 and cleaved caspase-9 were detected only in the SG. Cytochrome c was observed as cytoplasmic granular positivity from the stratum basale (SB) and altered into homogeneous immunopositivity in the SG. Bcl-2 and Bcl-X immunopositivity was detected in cytoplasm from the SB to the SG. Immunoreactions of Bak in the cytoplasm and Bax beneath the cell membrane were observed from the upper portion of the SS with increasing intensity toward the SG. In the sites with the hyperproliferation of indigenous bacteria, TNF-R1, TNF-α and caspase-8 were detected in the SG and the immunopositive intensities of Bid, Apaf-1 and cleaved caspase-9 were altered to be strong. Prominently swollen cells and decreased mitochondria were ultrastructurally confirmed in the uppermost layers of stratum corneum. These findings suggest that the Fas-Fas-L-interaction initially induces apoptosis through a mitochondria-independent pathway and secondarily through a mitochondria-dependent pathway, leading to eventual epithelial cell death in the rat esophageal epithelium. The bacterial stimuli probably enhance the mitochondria-dependent pathway through the TNF-R1-TNF-α interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kankanam Gamage Sanath Udayanga
- Laboratory of Histophysiology, Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
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19
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Mantani Y, Kamezaki A, Udayanga KGS, Takahara EI, Qi WM, Kawano J, Yokoyama T, Hoshi N, Kitagawa H. Site differences of Toll-like receptor expression in the mucous epithelium of rat small intestine. Histol Histopathol 2011; 26:1295-303. [PMID: 21870333 DOI: 10.14670/hh-26.1295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are known to recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns and might function as receptors to detect microbes. In this study, the distribution of TLR-2, -4 and -9 were immunohistochemically investigated in the rat small intestine. As a result, TLR-2 was detected in the striated borders of villous columnar epithelial cells throughout the small intestine, except for the apices of a small number of intestinal villi. TLR-4 and -9 were detected in the striated borders of the villous columnar epithelial cells only in the duodenum. TLR-4-immunopositive minute granules were found in the apical cytoplasms of epithelial cells, subepithelial spaces and blood capillary lumina. TLR-2 and -4 were detected in the striated borders of undifferentiated epithelial cells and in the luminal substances of the intestinal crypts throughout the small intestine, but TLR-9 was not detected in the crypts throughout the small intestine. Only TLR-4 was detected in the secretory granules of Paneth cells in both the jejunal and ileal intestinal crypts. These findings suggest that duodenal TLRs might monitor indigenous bacteria proliferation in the upper alimentary tract, that TLR-2 might also monitor the proliferation of colonized indigenous bacteria throughout the small intestine, that the lack of TLR-2 at the villous apices might contribute to the settlement of indigenous bacteria, and that TLR-2 and -4 are secreted from intestinal crypts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Mantani
- Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Japan
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20
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Yokoo Y, Miyata H, Udayanga KGS, Qi WM, Takahara EI, Mantani Y, Yokoyama T, Kawano J, Hoshi N, Kitagawa H. Immunohistochemical and histoplanimetrical study on the spatial relationship between the settlement of indigenous bacteria and the secretion of bactericidal peptides in rat alimentary tract. J Vet Med Sci 2011; 73:1043-50. [PMID: 21519155 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.11-0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To clarify the regulatory mechanism by bactericidal peptides secretion, the secretion of bactericidal peptides was immunohistochemically and histoplanimetrically compared with the degree of Gram-positive/negative bacterial colonization throughout the rat alimentary tract. In the associated exocrine glands from the oral cavity to the stomach, no comparable differences were observed under the changes of development of indigenous bacterial colonies. In the small intestine, immunopositive granules for lysozyme and secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) were markedly decreased, whereas immunopositive vacuoles in the Paneth cells were more increased at sites with hyper-development of indigenous bacterial colonies in the intervillous spaces than at sites with no or less development. No changes in exocrine glands were observed in the large intestine because of the constant existence of large quantities of bacteria. Gram-positive bacterial colonies on the mucosal surfaces were dominant from the oral cavity to the stomach. Gram-negative bacteria were dominant in the large intestine, and the distributions of both Gram-positive and negative bacteria were intermediate in the small intestine. These findings suggest that lysozyme and sPLA2 secreted from the Paneth cells contribute to the regulation of the proliferation of indigenous bacteria in the intervillous spaces of the small intestine, and that the inversion of distributions of Gram-positive and -negative bacteria in the alimentary tract might be caused by the secretion of lysozyme and sPLA2 in the small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuh Yokoo
- Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657–8501, Japan
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21
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Yamamoto K, Qi WM, Yokoo Y, Miyata H, Udayanga KGS, Kawano J, Yokoyama T, Hoshi N, Kitagawa H. Lectin histochemical detection of special sugars on the mucosal surfaces of the rat alimentary tract. J Vet Med Sci 2010; 72:1119-27. [PMID: 20379083 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.10-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Surfaces of the most luminal positions of mucosae are fundamental settlement sites of indigenous bacteria throughout the rat alimentary tract. In these positions, also epithelial cell-shedding sites, the special sugar expression in the glycocalyx is very important as it provides possible ligands of bacterial lectins for attachment to epithelial cells. Therefore, the sugar expression in glycocalyx of epithelial cells was lectin-histochemically surveyed using 21 lectins throughout the rat alimentary tract. From the tongue to the nonglandular part of the stomach, α-D-Man, α-D-Glc and α-D-GalNAc were detected on the surface of the keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. In the glandular part of the stomach, α-D-Man, β-D-Gal-4GlcNAc, D-Gal, D-GalNAc, D-GlcNAc, α-L-Fuc- α-D-Gal-β(1-4)GlcNAc and bisected triantennary N-glycans were detected on the surface of gastric superficial epithelial cells. From the duodenum to the ileum, (GlcNAc)(2-4) was expressed exclusively on the epithelial cells in the apical portions of the intestinal villi. From the cecum to the rectum, α-D-Man, β-D-Gal-4GlcNAc, D-Gal, D-GalNAc, α-D-Gal(1-3)D-GalNAc, (GalNAc)(n) and NeuNAc were expressed on the intestinal superficial epithelial cells. These results suggest that special sugars are expressed on the most luminal portions of mucosae as exclusive epithelial cell-shedding sites, and that sugar expression differs among the various segments of the alimentary tract. These site differences might reflect differences in resident bacterial species in the rat alimentary tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenkichi Yamamoto
- Department of Bioresource and Agrobiosciences Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
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Qi WM, Yamamoto K, Yokoo Y, Miyata H, Udayanga KGS, Kawano J, Yokoyama T, Hoshi N, Kitagawa H. Histoplanimetrical study on the relationship between cellular kinetics of epithelial cells and proliferation of indigenous bacteria in the rat colon. J Vet Med Sci 2009; 71:745-52. [PMID: 19578282 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.71.745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to clarify the regulatory effects of epithelial kinetics on indigenous bacterial proliferation in the large intestine. The lifespan, migration speed and proliferation rate of crypt epithelial cells in the initial 20% of the colon (proximal colon) and the 50% of the colon (middle colon) in bromodeoxyuridine-administrated rats were histoplanimetrically and chronologically compared. The proximal colon possessed well-developed mucosal folds and a large amount of indigenous bacteria which filled the crypt lumen, whereas no folds or bacteria were found to occupy the crypt lumen in the middle colon. The cell lifespans were 32.2, 42.5 and 33.6 hr in the apical and the basal parts of the mucosal folds of the proximal colon, and in the middle colon, respectively. The migration speeds were 4.2, 2.1 and 3.3 microm/hr, respectively, while the appearance frequencies of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-positive crypt epithelial cells were 35.0, 24.6 and 33.8%. These findings suggest that the lifespan was shortened and the migration speed increased in the most luminal mucosa of colon, contributing to the elimination of the adhered bacteria from the most luminal mucosa. By contrast, the elongation of the lifespan and deceleration of the migration of epithelial cells in the basal parts of the mucosal folds might contribute to reliable settlement of indigenous bacteria, resulting in the maintenance of a large amount of indigenous bacteria in the lumen of the proximal colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang-Mei Qi
- Department of Bioresource and Agrobiosciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kobe University, Japan
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23
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Yamamoto K, Qi WM, Yokoo Y, Miyata H, Udayanga KGS, Kawano J, Yokoyama T, Hoshi N, Kitagawa H. Histoplanimetrical study on the spatial relationship of distribution of indigenous bacteria with mucosal lymphatic follicles in alimentary tract of rat. J Vet Med Sci 2009; 71:621-30. [PMID: 19498289 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.71.621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The spatial relationship between the distribution of indigenous bacteria (IB) and the situation of mucosal lymphatic follicles (LF) is histoplanimetrically studied in the rat alimentary tract. From the oral cavity to the nonglandular part of the stomach, IB adhered to the corneal layer of the most luminal mucosa. In the glandular part of the stomach, IB adhered only to the most luminal mucosa but not in the gastric pits. In the small intestine, IB consistently adhered around the apices of both intestinal villi and the domes, and their amounts decreased toward their basal portions. No IB entered the intestinal crypts. In the large intestine, IB consistently adhered to the most luminal mucosa. Numerous IB were suspended in the intestinal crypts of both the cecum and the proximal colon, whereas there were no IB in the crypts of the distal colon and the rectum. When IB spread over the basal portions of the intestinal villi, IB with the same morphology were detected on the neighboring LF, whereas no bacteria were detected on the neighboring LF, when IB were located in the apical to middle portions of the intestinal villi. This close relationship between the distribution of IB and mucosal LF was also observed in the large intestine. These results suggest that the most luminal mucosae are a fundamental settlement site of IB throughout the alimentary tract and that the hyperproliferation of IB's colonies might be detected by neighboring LF in the rat intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenkichi Yamamoto
- Department of Bioresource and Agrobiosciences, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
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24
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Qi WM, Yamamoto K, Yokoo Y, Miyata H, Inamoto T, Udayanga KGS, Kawano J, Yokoyama T, Hoshi N, Kitagawa H. Histoplanimetrical study on the relationship between the cell kinetics of villous columnar epithelial cells and the proliferation of indigenous bacteria in rat small intestine. J Vet Med Sci 2009; 71:463-70. [PMID: 19420850 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.71.463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between the kinetics of villous columnar epithelial cells and the expansion of colonies of indigenous bacteria from the narrow apical portions of intestinal villi was immunohistochemically and histoplanimetrically investigated in the small intestine of bromodeoxyuridine administred Wistar rats. As a result, the lifespan of villous columnar epithelial cells was slightly shorter in the distal ileum than in other portions of small intestine, accompanying the minimum height of the intestinal villi of the distal ileum in the small intestine. The migration speed of villous columnar epithelial cells was significantly decreased toward the distal small intestine. The migration speed in the distal ileum was about one-fourth of that in the duodenum. The migration speed of the villous columnar epithelial cells was greater and their lifespans were shorter in the sites with wide expansion of the indigenous bacterial colony from the narrow apical portions of the intestinal villi than that in sites with no or less expansion. Additionally, the expansion of the indigenous bacterial colony from narrow villous apices also immediately shortened the heights of the intestinal villi. These findings suggest that the migration speed of villous columnar epithelial cells might contribute to the regulation of the settlement of bacteria at the villous apices and the inevitable proliferation of indigenous bacteria at the intervillous spaces in the rat small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang-Mei Qi
- Department of Bioresource and Agrobiosciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kobe University, 657-8501, Japan
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25
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Inamoto T, Namba M, Qi WM, Yamamoto K, Yokoo Y, Miyata H, Kawano J, Yokoyama T, Hoshi N, Kitagawa H. An immunohistochemical detection of actin and myosin in the indigenous bacteria-adhering sites of microvillous columnar epithelial cells in Peyer's patches and intestinal villi in the rat jejunoileum. J Vet Med Sci 2008; 70:1153-8. [PMID: 19057131 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.70.1153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of physical elimination of indigenous bacteria was ultrastructurally and immunohistochemically investigated in microvillous columnar epithelial cells of Peyer's patches and intestinal villi of the rat jejunoileum. From ultrastructural observation, the microfilaments accumulated to form several electron-dense layers beneath the bacteria adhering to the cell membrane, which was slightly invaginated in the epithelial cells of Peyer's patches and intestinal villi. As the microfilamentous layers were forming, the end portions of invaginations were deformed into a cone-shape and were finally collapsed. At the same time, the end portions of the adhered bacteria were also deformed into cone-shapes. The bacterial cells were moved back toward the invagination orifices with no morphological change in their inner structure. From immunohistochemical observation, beta-actin and nonmuscle-type myosin were detected at the thin layer just beneath the invaginated cell membrane. These findings suggest that indigenous bacteria which adhere to epithelial cells are removed by only a physical action of actin and myosin filaments, but are not killed. This bacterial cell removal system might lead to the establishment of a settlement of indigenous bacteria on host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsurou Inamoto
- Department of Bioresource and Agrobiosciences, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
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Shimizu A, Naka M, Kawano J. [A follow-up survey of Staphylococcus aureus contamination of commercial raw minced meat at supermarkets and characteristics of isolates]. Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi 2008; 49:320-325. [PMID: 18787319 DOI: 10.3358/shokueishi.49.320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A survey of Staphylococcus aureus contamination of commercial raw minced meat at 3 supermarkets in Hyogo Prefecture was conducted over a period of half a year (January to June 2006). In total, the contamination rate was 77.8% (28/36) for beef, 91.7% (33/36) for pork and 91.7% (33/36) for chicken samples. In supermarket A, half or more of the positive samples had MPN values of >/=110/g for all 3 kinds of meat samples. In supermarkets B and C, most of the positive samples were less than 46/g for all 3 kinds of meat samples. Of the 94 isolates examined, 50 (53.2%) belonged to the human biotype, and 44 (46.8%) to animal biotypes. By coagulase typing, 64 (77.1%) of the 83 typable isolates were classified into types V (n=32) and VII (n=32). Seventeen (18.1%) of the 94 isolates produced staphylococcal enterotoxins C (n=16) and B (n=1). Pulse-field gel electrophoresis was applied for epidemiological analysis of the isolates in the 3 supermarkets. In supermarket A, the predominant type shifted during the term of the investigation. In supermarket B, the same type was isolated repeatedly from the meat throughout the investigation. In supermarket C, a variety of genotypes were detected from the meat throughout the investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Shimizu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kobe University. Hyogo, Japan
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Inamoto T, Kawata Y, Qi WM, Yamamoto K, Warita K, Kawano J, Yokoyama T, Hoshi N, Kitagawa H. Ultrastructural study on the epithelial responses against attachment of indigenous bacteria to epithelial membranes in peyer's patches of rat small intestine. J Vet Med Sci 2008; 70:235-41. [PMID: 18388422 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.70.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The ultrastructure of epithelial responses against the membrane adhesion of indigenous bacteria was investigated in the follicle-associated epithelium (FAE) of rat small intestine. The most frequent adherence of the various morphological types of bacteria to the epithelial membranes was found at the apex of the FAE. The attachment sites were deeply invaginated, and their bottoms were deformed into a sharp cone shape. Four layers with different electron densities were formed just beneath the apical membranes by microfilaments which surrounded the invaginations. The electron density of each layer was gradually decreased as being apart from the invaginations. The extremities of some bacteria in the invaginations were deformed into sharpened shapes. The cell walls of the extremities of the bacteria were occasionally dissolved in the invaginations, and their cytoplasms were slightly swollen with low electron densities. In some invaginations, the attached bacteria were eliminated to leave their fragments such as filamentous debris and a part of cell walls. Finally these remnants disappeared completely. When the bacterial colonies existed in the middle region of the FAE, the attachment of bacteria resulted in the engulfment of bacteria by M cells. The degenerated bacteria whose cytoplasmic matrices were separated into high electron dense materials and cleared materials were occasionally engulfed by ordinary microvillous columnar epithelial cells or goblet cells throughout the FAE. These findings suggest that the epithelial cells reject the attachment of live indigenous bacteria and that the M cells absorb indigenous bacteria in rat Peyer's patches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsurou Inamoto
- Department of Bioresource and Agrobiosciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
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Kittleson M, Kawano M, Patel J, Yajnik M, Kiyosaki K, Kawano J, Ardehali A, Kobashigawa J. 156: Hypercholesterolemia in Heart Transplant Patients on Proliferation-Signal Inhibitors: Is Statin Therapy Effective? J Heart Lung Transplant 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2007.11.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Shimizu A, Ichiba T, Kawano J, Igimi S. [Contamination of Staphylococcus aureus in ready-to-eat foods]. Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi 2007; 48:J341-J344. [PMID: 18027553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Shimizu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
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Kobashigawa JA, Patel J, Furukawa H, Moriguchi JD, Yeatman L, Takemoto S, Marquez A, Shaw J, Oeser BT, Subherwal S, Wu GW, Kawano J, Laks H. Five-year results of a randomized, single-center study of tacrolimus vs microemulsion cyclosporine in heart transplant patients. J Heart Lung Transplant 2006; 25:434-9. [PMID: 16563974 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2005.11.452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2005] [Revised: 11/04/2005] [Accepted: 11/14/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous multicenter, randomized trials, lacking standardized post-transplant protocols, have compared tacrolimus (Tac) and cyclosporine (CyA, Sandimmune) and demonstrated similar outcomes with some different adverse effects. The microemulsion form of CyA (mCyA, Neoral) has replaced Sandimmune CyA as the more widely utilized CyA formulation. This is the first 5-year follow-up study of a large, single-center trial (n = 67) under a standardized post-transplant protocol comparing Tac and mCyA. METHODS Sixty-seven heart transplant patients were randomized to Tac (n = 33) or mCyA (n = 34), both in combination with corticosteroids and azathioprine without cytolytic induction. Five-year end-points included survival, Grade > or = 3A or treated rejection, angiographic cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV; any lesion > or = 30% stenosis), renal dysfunction (creatinine > or = 2.0 mg/dl), use of two or more anti-hypertensive medications, percent diabetic and lipid levels. RESULTS Five-year survival, freedom from Grade > or = 3A or any treated rejection and angiographic CAV, mean cholesterol level and percent diabetic were similar between the two groups. The Tac group had a significantly lower 5-year mean triglyceride level (Tac 97 +/- 34 vs mCyA 175 +/- 103 mg/dl, p = 0.011) and average serum creatinine level (Tac 1.2 +/- 0.5 mg/dl vs mCyA 1.5 +/- 0.4 mg/dl, p = 0.044). There was a trend toward fewer patients requiring two or more anti-hypertensive drugs in the Tac group (Tac 33% vs mCyA 59%, p = 0.065). CONCLUSIONS Tac and mCyA appear to be comparable with regard to 5-year survival, freedom from rejection and CAV. However, compared with mCyA, Tac appears to reduce the adverse effect profile for hypertriglyceridemia and renal dysfunction and the need for hypertensive medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon A Kobashigawa
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
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Cruz D, Wu G, Patel J, Kawano J, Sarkissian S, Thompson O, Vaidya V, Laks H, Kobashigawa J. 255. J Heart Lung Transplant 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2005.11.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Smooke S, Dev S, Patel J, Kawano J, Almeda N, Thompson O, Wu G, Laks H, Kobashigawa J. 271. J Heart Lung Transplant 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2005.11.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Kawano J, Cruz D, Wu GW, Patel JK, Sarkissian S, Vaidya V, Laks H, Kobashigawa JA. 408 AVERAGE FIRST-YEAR BRAIN NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE PREDICTS POOR OUTCOME AFTER HEART TRANSPLANTATION. J Investig Med 2006. [DOI: 10.2310/6650.2005.x0004.407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Cao YN, Kuwasako K, Kato J, Yanagita T, Tsuruda T, Kawano J, Nagoshi Y, Chen AF, Wada A, Suganuma T, Eto T, Kitamura K. Beyond vasodilation: The antioxidant effect of adrenomedullin in Dahl salt-sensitive rat aorta. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005; 332:866-72. [PMID: 15913562 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2005] [Accepted: 05/01/2005] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the antioxidant effect of adrenomedullin (AM) on endothelial function in the Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) rat hypertension model. Dahl salt-resistant (DR) and DS rats were fed an 8% NaCl diet. In addition, the DS rats were subcutaneously infused with either saline or recombinant human AM for 4 weeks. Although systolic blood pressures measured weekly in AM- and saline-infused rats did not significantly differ, aortic O2*- levels were significantly (P<0.01) higher in the latter. Likewise, both endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) mRNA and protein were significantly higher in saline-infused DS rats. Infusion of AM reduced both O2*- and eNOS expression to levels comparable to those seen in DR rats. AM infusion also upregulated the gene expression of guanosine-5'-triphosphate cyclohydrolase I and downregulated the expression of p22(phox), suggesting that AM increased the NOS coupling and bioavailability of NO. AM possesses significant antioxidant properties that improve endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Ning Cao
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Miyazaki Medical College, University of Miyazaki, Japan
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Yamashita K, Shimizu A, Kawano J, Uchida E, Haruna A, Igimi S. Isolation and characterization of staphylococci from external auditory meatus of dogs with or without otitis externa with special reference to Staphylococcus schleiferi subsp. coagulans isolates. J Vet Med Sci 2005; 67:263-8. [PMID: 15805728 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.67.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococci were isolated from the external auditory meatus in 14 (48.3%) of 29 dogs affected with otitis externa (OE dogs) and 28 (68.3%) of 41 dogs without OE (non-OE dogs). Twenty-two OE isolates were identified as belonging to 12 species, and 42 non-OE isolates were identified as belonging to 13 species. The predominant species found in both OE and non-OE isolates were S. intermedius, and S. epidermidis. Thirty-eight (59.4%) of 64 isolates were resistant to one or more of the 17 antimicrobial agents tested. Resistance to PCG and ABPC was most frequent. S. schleiferi subsp. coagulans, a recent etiologic agent of canine OE, was isolated from OE and non-OE dogs. All of the 5 S. schleiferi subsp. coagulans isolates showed typical characteristics. No clear difference in the extracellular enzyme or toxin profiles, nor in the PFGE patterns, was demonstrated between the OE and non-OE isolates of S. schleiferi subsp. coagulans. A new PCR primer set specific for 16S rDNA was designed to identify strains of S. schleiferi subsp. coagulans. The amplified fragment was detected in all of the 5 isolates as well as the type strain GA 211 (=JCM 7470) and a reference strain GA 11, but was not detected in any strains of the related species, S. aureus, S. intermedius and S. hyicus. The PCR may allow a simple, rapid and precise identification of S. schleiferi subsp. coagulans, in addition to the standard tube test for free coagulase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Yamashita
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
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Kitai S, Shimizu A, Kawano J, Sato E, Nakano C, Kitagawa H, Fujio K, Matsumura K, Yasuda R, Inamoto T. Prevalence and Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus and Enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus in Retail Raw Chicken Meat Throughout Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2005; 67:269-74. [PMID: 15805729 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.67.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 444 samples of raw chicken meat (thighs, breasts, wings, livers, gizzards, hearts and ovaries) that retailed at 145 different supermarkets in 47 prefectures in Japan were examined for contamination with Staphylococcus aureus in association with its enterotoxigenicity. S. aureus was isolated from 292 (65.8%) of the samples, and from 131 of the 145 supermarkets. There was no significant difference in the detection rate of S. aureus according to the type of meat examined. About 80% of 714 isolates belonged to the poultry (57.1%) and human biotypes (22.1%). Seventy-eight (21.7%) of 360 isolates were enterotoxigenic and isolated from 78 samples in 53 supermarkets in 31 prefectures. Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) produced were SEB (50 isolates), SEA (14), SEC (8), SED (2), SEA+SEB (2), and SEA+SEC (2). Most of the enterotoxigenic isolates belonged to the human and poultry biotypes, coagulase type VII, VIII or IV, and were lysed by phages of group III. Identical SE types, biotypes, coagulase types and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns were shown in isolates from different types of meat at the same supermarket and from samples taken from different supermarkets in the same prefectures or in isolates from samples obtained from several different prefectures. Among the 50 SEB-producing isolates, 27 yielded three similar PFGE patterns that differed by only a few fragments, suggesting that they were closely related genetically. The three patterns were found in isolates of samples that retailed at 17 supermarkets in 11 prefectures, indicating that they may be disseminated among raw chicken meat in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Kitai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
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Kitai S, Shimizu A, Kawano J, Sato E, Nakano C, Uji T, Kitagawa H. Characterization of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Retail Raw Chicken Meat in Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2005; 67:107-10. [PMID: 15699605 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.67.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Two isolates of mecA-positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from retail raw chicken meat were characterized by phenotypic and genotypic methods. One isolate showed the human biovar, coagulase type III, phage group I * III, the lack of production of enterotoxins and TSST-1, and resistance to PCG/ABPC/EM/GM/KM. The other isolate showed the human biovar, coagulase type III, phage group III, production of enterotoxin C and TSST-1, and resistance to PCG/ABPC/CEZ. The biotyping results indicate that the two isolates showed characteristics of human S. aureus. They also harbored SCCmec type IV, which has prevalently been found in community-acquired MRSA isolates. This paper is the first publication regarding MRSA isolates from raw chicken meat in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Kitai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kobe University, Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe-shi, Hyogo, Japan
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Sasaki A, Shimizu A, Kawano J, Wakita Y, Hayashi T, Ootsuki S. Characteristics of Staphylococcus intermedius Isolates from Diseased and Healthy Dogs. J Vet Med Sci 2005; 67:103-6. [PMID: 15699604 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.67.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus intermedius isolates from diseased and healthy dogs were examined for production of extracellular enzymes and toxins, and phage patterns. There were no significant differences between the two groups of isolates in the production rates of DNase, protease, lipase, gelatinase, hyaluronidase, hemolysins, protein A, and TSST-1, or in phage patterns. But the production rate of enterotoxins in isolates from diseased dogs was significantly higher than that in isolates from healthy dogs. PFGE analysis was performed with isolates from different body sites in individual dogs. In 3 of 6 healthy dogs, identical PFGE patterns were seen in isolates from the nares, external auditory meatus or skin. The remaining 3 dogs yielded isolates of different patterns. In 4 of 6 diseased dogs, identical patterns were seen in isolates from lesions as well as from the other normal sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asako Sasaki
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kobe University, Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe-shi, Hyogo, Japan
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Iguchi A, Osawa R, Kawano J, Shimizu A, Terajima J, Watanabe H. Effects of lysogeny of Shiga toxin 2-encoding bacteriophages on pulsed-field gel electrophoresis fragment pattern of Escherichia coli K-12. Curr Microbiol 2003; 46:224-7. [PMID: 12567247 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-002-3900-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli K-12 lysogens of three different Shiga toxin 2 (Stx2)-encoding bacteriophages were examined for variability in their pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) fragment patterns. The PFGE fragment patterns could be classified into three types (i.e., PFGE types B, C, and D). For the PFGE type D, a 255-kbp fragment present in the original K-12 strain was apparently shifted by the size of Stx 2-encoding phage genomic DNA (ca. 65 kbp) to the position at 320 kbp. In contrast, the types B and C showed the above fragment shift plus further 6- and 10-fragment differences, respectively, from the original K-12 strain. The evidence suggests that even a single genetic event like lysogeny can cause marked genotypic modification of the host strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Iguchi
- Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kobe University, Rokko-dai 1-1, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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Cao Y, Kitamura K, Kato J, Kuwasako K, Kawano J, Nagoshi Y, Chen A, Suganuma T, Eto T. 1P-0073 The antioxidant effect of adrenomedulin in the Dahl salt-sensitive rat. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(03)90148-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Nagase N, Shimizu A, Kawano J, Yamashita K, Yoshimura H, Ishimaru M, Kojima A. Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from bovine mastitis in Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2002; 64:1169-72. [PMID: 12520116 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.64.1169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fifty-three strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from cows affected with mastitis from 21 prefectures in Japan were characterized by phenotypic and genotypic methods. Thirty-three (62.3%) strains showed biotype K-beta+CV:A, coagulase type VI, and sensitivity to bovine phages of group III or IV. These 33 strains could be subdivided into two groups on the basis of the production of staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) and on toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1). By pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, the 16 SEC- and TSST-1-producing strains showed similar patterns that differed by only a few fragments, suggesting that they were genetically closely related. Fifteen of 17 non SEC-producing strains which did not produce any other SEs and TSST-1 were genetically different from the SEC-producing strains and showed genetic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Nagase
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kobe University, Kobe-shi, Hyogo, Japan
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Abstract
The prevalence of staphylococci that harbor the mecA gene responsible for methicillin resistance was examined in healthy breeding mares. Staphylococci often cause diseases of horses such as metritis, keratitis, and abscess. Methicillin-resistant staphylococci would make antibiotic treatments ineffective, so it may be significant to know the distribution of mecA-harboring staphylococci in mares. Isolation of mecA-harboring staphylococci was achieved from nares and pasterns of 100 mares in Hokkaido, Japan. From 13% of the mares, mecA-harboring staphylococci, including 15 isolates of Staphylococcus sciuri and 3 of Staphylococcus lentus, were isolated. Isolates of S. sciuri were found to be genetically polyclonal by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. These isolates produced no PCase and showed low or no resistance to beta-lactam and other classes of antibiotics. Distribution of staphylococcal species and levels of antibiotic resistance were found to be different between isolates from the present mares and those previously reported from riding-horses. Antibiotic pressure may lead to these differences. In addition, it appears that mecA-harboring S. sciuri may be native to horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Yasuda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kobe University, Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Hyogo, Japan
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Iguchi A, Osawa R, Kawano J, Shimizu A, Terajima J, Watanabe H. Effects of repeated subculturing and prolonged storage at room temperature of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 on pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles. J Clin Microbiol 2002; 40:3079-81. [PMID: 12149386 PMCID: PMC120646 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.40.8.3079-3081.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2002] [Accepted: 06/02/2002] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Three clinical strains of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 which were subcultured repeatedly or stored at room temperature over a 25-week period showed appreciable variations in their pulsed-field gel electrophoresis fragment patterns. The variations could be explained by a couple of spontaneous genetic events at most and thus did not invalidate the genetic lineage of the strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Iguchi
- Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kobe University, Rokko-dai 1-1, Nada-ku, Japan
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Wakita Y, Kawano J, Shimizu A, Hajek V, Tomisaka E, Yasuda R, Matsuo E. Development of a PCR test for the identification of Staphylococcus intermedius based on the 16S rDNA sequence. J Vet Med Sci 2002; 64:603-5. [PMID: 12185314 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.64.603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of a PCR assay based on the 16S ribosomal RNA gene (rDNA) sequence was carried out for the identification of Staphylococcus intermedius. Sixty-six strains of S. intermedius, 70 of Staphylococcus aureus and 2 of Staphylococcus hyicus were examined for the assay. The 16S rDNA, of which the PCR target fragment makes up 901 bp corresponding to the sequence data of the gene, was detected in all strains of S. intermedius, but it was not detected in any strains of either S. aureus or S. hyicus. These results suggest that the PCR allows a simple and precise identification of S. intermedius.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihisa Wakita
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe-shi, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
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Abstract
The neural circuits that modulate the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the rat were studied with the retrograde transneuronal tracer--pseudorabies virus. First-order afferents were also identified using cholera toxin beta subunit. Olfactory processing regions (viz., main olfactory bulb, anterior olfactory nucleus, taenia tecta, endopiriform nucleus, medial amygdaloid nucleus, piriform cortex, and posteriomedial cortical amygdaloid nucleus) were virally labeled. The subfornical organ directly innervates SCN; two other circumventricular organs: organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis and area postrema provide multisynaptic inputs. Direct limbic afferents arise from lateral septum, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, amygdalohippocampal zone, and ventral subiculum; multineuronal connections come from the basolateral and basomedial amygdaloid nuclei, ventral hippocampus, amygdalopiriform area, as well as lateral entorhinal, perirhinal, and ectorhinal cortices. Most preoptic regions project directly to SCN. Multisynaptic inputs come from the lateral preoptic region. Hypothalamic inputs originate from the anterior, arcuate, dorsal, dorsomedial, lateral, paraventricular, posterior, periventricular posterior, retrochiasmatic, subparaventricular, ventromedial and tuberomammillary nuclei. Paraventricular thalamic nucleus, intergeniculate leaflet and zona incerta directly innervate SCN. Polyneuronal inputs arise from the subparafascicular parvicellular thalamic nucleus. Brainstem afferents originate from the pretectum, superior colliculus, periaqueductal gray matter, parabrachial nucleus, pedunculopontine nucleus, raphe system, locus coeruleus, nucleus incertus and reticular formation. Nucleus tractus solitarius, C3 catecholamine region, rostral ventrolateral medulla and spinal trigeminal nucleus provide indirect inputs. We propose that the SCN receives feedback primarily from interoceptive systems such as the circumventricular, autonomic, and neuroendocrine systems that are important in the central regulation of glucose metabolism (e.g., insulin and glucocorticoids).
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Krout
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Box 8108, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110-1093, USA
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Nagase N, Sasaki A, Yamashita K, Shimizu A, Wakita Y, Kitai S, Kawano J. Isolation and species distribution of staphylococci from animal and human skin. J Vet Med Sci 2002; 64:245-50. [PMID: 11999444 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.64.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
From April 1999 to December 2000, a survey was made on the distribution of Staphylococcus species on the skin of 7 kinds of animals and humans. Staphylococci were isolated from 12 (100%) of 12 pigs, 17 (89.5%) of 19 horses, 30 (100%) of 30 cows, 73 (90.1%) of 81 chickens, 10 (40%) of 25 dogs, 23 (76.7%) of 30 laboratory mice, 20 (52.6%) of 38 pigeons, and 80 (88.9%) of 90 human beings. The predominant staphylococci isolated from a variety of animal species were novobiocin-resistant species, S. xylosus and S. sciuri regardless of the animal host species. The novobiocin-resistant species including S. xylosus and S. sciuri were only occasionally isolated from human skin. The predominant staphylococci found on human skin were novobiocin-sensitive species, S. epidermidis (63.8%), followed by S. warneri (28.8%) and S. hominis (13.8%). The results suggest that the staphylococcal flora inhabiting animal skin are different from those of human skin in regard to the predominant species isolated. In this study, we used pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to examine the chromosomal polymorphisms of S. epidermidis isolated most frequently from human skin. Strains of S. epidermidis showed the greatest genomic diversity in their fragment patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Nagase
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kobe University, Kobe-shi, Hyogo, Japan
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Wakita Y, Shimizu A, Hájek V, Kawano J, Yamashita K. Characterization of Staphylococcus intermedius from pigeons, dogs, foxes, mink, and horses by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. J Vet Med Sci 2002; 64:237-43. [PMID: 11999443 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.64.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus intermedius from pigeons, dogs, foxes, mink, and horses, was characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) to evaluate the use of this typing method for discriminating among strains. SmaI cut the chromosomal DNA into 7-13 fragments ranging from approximately 48 kb to 655 kb, with most of the detectable fragments being smaller than 172 kb. S. intermedius from various animals had a high degree of restriction fragment length polymorphism. Pigeon strains have a similar genotype, despite the difference in their isolation area. Phage typing indicated that the dog, fox, and mink strains belong to the canine I or canine II type. The PFGE method further differentiated the mink strains from the dog and fox strains with regard to three fragments between 256 kb and 570 kb. As such, genomic DNA fingerprinting by PFGE appears to be an effective technique for discriminating S. intermedius strains from various animals. A combination of PFGE typing and phage typing would provide more detailed information than the single method for ecological investigations of S. intermedius.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihisa Wakita
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kobe University, Kobe-shi, Hyogo, Japan
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Arao M, Kawano J, Egi M, Osumi M. Automatic Startup Operation of Plastics Extruder by Flexible Intelligence Machine Control. J Robot Mechatron 2001. [DOI: 10.20965/jrm.2001.p0282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In process control, the need of multitype small-lot production becomes strong. But, due to strong nonlinearity and abrupt changes of plant dynamics, attempts to introduce quantitive model of plants and promote automated operations have been hindered. For this problem, we proposed the concept and the structure of the FIMC (Flexible Intelligence Machine Control) which is a controller with functions for acquiring control knowledge about the operation knowhow from the data furnished of expert operators in manual operation control hysteresis and eventually in automating operations based on control knowledge. In this paper, we show the design method and effectiveness of the FIMC applied to the startup operation of the plastics extruder.
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Kawano J, Nakayama T, Takami Y, Kotani T, Sawaguchi A, Nagaike R, Oinuma T, Suganuma T. A monoclonal antibody against insect CALNUC recognizes the prooncoprotein EWS specifically in mammalian cells. Immunohistochemical and biochemical studies of the antigen in rat tissues. Histochem Cell Biol 2001; 115:421-8. [PMID: 11449890 DOI: 10.1007/s004180100274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A monoclonal antibody against insect CALNUC was shown to recognize an 85-kDa nuclear protein specifically in mammalian cells. Amino acid sequencing of the protein purified from rat liver revealed it to be EWS, a prooncoprotein for Ewing sarcomas and related tumors. Using the antibody, distribution of EWS was studied in rat tissues fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde by immunohistochemical methods. On thaw-fixed cryosections or those of perfusion-fixed tissues, almost all cell nuclei showed the specific staining. In immersion-fixed tissues, the staining unexpectedly disappeared in particular tissues (kidney cortex, liver, etc.), although it was recovered by autoclaving the cryosections. Western blotting also demonstrated the ubiquitous expression of EWS in the tissues. In extracts from the liver, the 85-kDa band rapidly disappeared in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner, but never in the testis. The antigen was very labile in kidney homogenates even without Ca2+. Biochemical studies with digoxigenin-labeled EWS showed that the Ca(2+)-dependent disappearance was associated with upward mobility shifts of EWS. These suggested that EWS was ubiquitously expressed in rat tissues, and that the antigen was masked in particular tissues during the immersion fixation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kawano
- Department of Anatomy, Miyazaki Medical Collage, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan.
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Shimizu A, Wakita Y, Nagase S, Okabe M, Koji T, Hayashi T, Nagase N, Sasaki A, Kawano J, Yamashita K, Takagi M. Antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus intermedius isolated from healthy and diseased dogs. J Vet Med Sci 2001; 63:357-60. [PMID: 11307945 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.63.357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 90 strains of Staphylococcus intermedius isolated from dogs were examined for antimicrobial susceptibility. There were no significant differences in the distribution patterns of MICs between strains from 1982 to 1985 and those from 1999, and between strains from healthy dogs and those from diseased dogs. All of the strains were susceptible to ABPC, DMPPC, CEX, TDM, ERFX, BFLX, and FF at concentrations of 0.05 to 6.25 microg/ml. The MICs of OTC, KM, EM, AIV-TS, and LCM were distributed in a broad range of 0.1 to >100 microg/ml, indicating the existence of resistant as well as susceptible populations of S. intermedius. Thirty-three strains (36.7%) were resistant to one or more anitmicrobial agents such as OTC (n=32), KM (n=9), EM (n=7), AIV-TS (n=7), and LCM (n=7).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Shimizu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kobe University, Hyogo, Japan
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