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Osawa R, Fukuda I, Shirai Y. Evaluating functionalities of food components by a model simulating human intestinal microbiota constructed at Kobe University. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2024; 87:103103. [PMID: 38447326 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
In this era of pandemics, reducing the risk of lifestyle-related diseases (LRD) by functional foods is of paramount importance. The conventional process of functional food development almost invariably involves in vitro, animal, and human intervention trials, but differences in intestinal environments between humans and experimental animals make it difficult to develop functional foods that are truly effective in humans. Thus, it is necessary to construct a model that simulates the human intestinal environment to evaluate the functionality of any food component before subjecting it to a human intervention trial. In this review, we provide an overview of a model simulating human intestinal microbiota constructed at Kobe University and its use as a tool to identify food components that contribute to the prevention and treatment of LRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ro Osawa
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science & Research Center for Food Safety and Security, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan.
| | - Itsuko Fukuda
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science & Research Center for Food Safety and Security, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Shirai
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science & Research Center for Food Safety and Security, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
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Yamamoto Y, Suzuki Y, Tsukuda R, Asai C, Ishizuka M, Tsujikawa Y, Sakane I, Osawa R, Mukai T. Genome sequence of Enterococcus gallinarum AH4, a milk oligosaccharide-degrading strain isolated from suckling rats. Microbiol Resour Announc 2023; 12:e0039523. [PMID: 37732801 PMCID: PMC10586110 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00395-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We had previously isolated Enterococcus gallinarum AH4, a strain capable of degrading rat milk oligosaccharides. In this study, we determined the whole-genome sequence of AH4. This whole-genome information will expand our understanding of milk oligosaccharide-mediated symbioses between bacteria and host mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Cellular Microbiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Aomori, Japan
| | - Yasunori Suzuki
- Laboratory of Animal Hygiene, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Aomori, Japan
| | - Reo Tsukuda
- Laboratory of Cellular Microbiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Aomori, Japan
| | - Chikara Asai
- Laboratory of Cellular Microbiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Aomori, Japan
| | - Masaki Ishizuka
- Laboratory of Cellular Microbiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Aomori, Japan
| | - Yuji Tsujikawa
- Central Research Institute, ITOEN, Ltd., Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Iwao Sakane
- Central Research Institute, ITOEN, Ltd., Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Ro Osawa
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Takao Mukai
- Laboratory of Cellular Microbiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Aomori, Japan
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Inabu Y, Kurosu K, Osawa R, Hasunuma T, Tsuji N, Funo H, Nishimura K, Kushibiki S, Kawashima K, Sugino T. Effect of kraft pulp inclusion in calf starter on performance, health, and plasma concentration of glucagon-like peptide 2 in calves. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:4443-4453. [PMID: 37080779 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Kraft pulp (KP), an intermediate product obtained when wood chips are converted to paper, contains highly digestible fiber. This study evaluated the effect of KP inclusion in calf starters on growth performance, health, and plasma glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) concentration in calves. Twenty-five Holstein heifer calves were raised on a high plane of nutrition program using milk replacer containing 29% crude protein and 18% fat until 49 d after birth, and were fed calf starters containing KP at 0 (CON; n = 14) or 12% (KPS; n = 11) on a dry matter basis. All calves were fed the treatment calf starters and timothy hay ad libitum. Blood was collected at 4, 14, 21, 35, 49, 70, and 91 d after birth. Dry matter intake (DMI) of milk replacer and hay was not affected by treatment, whereas calf starter DMI was lower for KPS (0.93 kg/d) than for CON (1.03 kg/d). Higher neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content in KPS (31.7%) than in the CON starter (22.1%) resulted in higher NDF intake for KPS (0.55 kg/d) than for CON (0.47 kg/d). However, the consumption of starch was lower for KPS (0.29 kg/d) than for CON (0.33 kg/d). Despite the lower starter intake for KPS, body weight and average daily gain did not differ between treatments. No significant difference was observed in the plasma concentrations of metabolites, except for β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB); BHB concentration was lower for KPS (216 μmol/L) than for CON (257 μmol/L). The area under the curve for plasma GLP-2 concentration was higher for KPS (54.1 ng/mL × d) than for CON (36.0 ng/mL × d). Additionally, the fecal score postweaning (1.19 and 1.48 for KPS and CON, respectively) and the number of days that calves developed diarrhea throughout the experimental period (2.50 d and 8.10 d for KPS and CON, respectively) were lower for KPS than for CON. These results indicate that feeding KP reduces the severity and frequency of diarrhea without adversely affecting growth performance. This could be attributed to the increased plasma GLP-2 concentration induced by higher NDF intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Inabu
- Kuju Agricultural Research Center, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Oita, Japan 878-0201; Dairy Nutrition and Feeding Management, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Japan 739-8528
| | - K Kurosu
- Nippon Paper Industries Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan 114-0002
| | - R Osawa
- Saitama Prefectural Agricultural Technology Research Center, Saitama, Japan 360-0102
| | - T Hasunuma
- Toyama Prefectural Agricultural, Forestry and Fisheries Research Center, Toyama, Japan 939-2622
| | - N Tsuji
- Yamanashi Livestock and Dairy Farming Technology Center, Yamanashi, Japan 408-0021
| | - H Funo
- Shimane Prefectural Eastern Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Promotion Center, Yunnan Office, Shimane, Japan 693-0031
| | - K Nishimura
- Miyazaki Livestock Research Institute, Miyazaki, Japan 889-4411
| | - S Kushibiki
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO, Ibaraki, Japan 305-0901
| | - K Kawashima
- Chiba Prefectural Livestock Research Center, Chiba, Japan 289-1113
| | - T Sugino
- Dairy Nutrition and Feeding Management, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Japan 739-8528.
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Barrocas BT, Osawa R, Oliveira MC, Monteiro OC. Enhancing Removal of Pollutants by Combining Photocatalysis and Photo-Fenton Using Co, Fe-Doped Titanate Nanowires. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:2051. [PMID: 36903166 PMCID: PMC10004198 DOI: 10.3390/ma16052051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Aiming to improve their photocatalytic performance, titanate nanowires (TNW) were modified by Fe and Co (co)-doping, FeTNW, CoTNW and CoFeTNW samples, using a hydrothermal methodology. XRD characterization agrees with the existence of Fe and Co in the lattice structure.and the existence of Co2+ together with the presence of Fe2+ and Fe3+ in the structure was confirmed by XPS. The optical characterization of the modified powders shows the impact of the d-d transitions of both metals in the absorption properties of TNW, mainly in the creation of additional 3d energetic levels within the prohibited zone. The effect of the doping metal(s) in the recombination rate of photo-generated charge carriers suggests a higher impact of Fe presence when compared to Co. The photocatalytic characterization of the prepared samples was evaluated via the removal of acetaminophen. Furthermore, a mixture containing both acetaminophen and caffeine, a well-known commercial combination, was also tested. CoFeTNW sample was the best photocatalyst for the degradation of acetaminophen in both situations. A mechanism for the photo-activation of the modified semiconductor is discussed and a model proposed. It was concluded that both Co and Fe are essential, within the TNW structure, for the successful removal of acetaminophen and caffeine.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. T. Barrocas
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - R. Osawa
- FT-ICR and Structural Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M. Conceição Oliveira
- Centro Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - O. C. Monteiro
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
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Akazawa H, Fukuda I, Kaneda H, Yoda S, Kimura M, Nomoto R, Ueda S, Shirai Y, Osawa R. Isolation and identification of hyaluronan-degrading bacteria from Japanese fecal microbiota. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284517. [PMID: 37196002 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) is a high-molecular-weight glycosaminoglycan and widely distributed in all connective tissues and organs with diverse biological functions. HA has been increasingly used as dietary supplements targeted to joint and skin health for humans. We here first report isolation of bacteria from human feces that are capable of degrading HA to lower molecular weight HA oligosaccharides (oligo-HAs). The bacteria were successfully isolated via a selective enrichment method, in which the serially diluted feces of healthy Japanese donors were individually incubated in an enrichment medium containing HA, followed by the isolation of candidate strains from streaked HA-containing agar plates and selection of HA-degrading strains by measuring HA using an ELISA. Subsequent genomic and biochemical assays identified the strains as Bacteroides finegoldii, B. caccae, B. thetaiotaomicron, and Fusobacterium mortiferum. Furthermore, our HPLC analysis revealed that the strains degraded HA to oligo-HAs of various lengths. Subsequent quantitative PCR assay targeting the HA degrading bacteria showed that their distribution in the Japanese donors varied. The evidence suggests that dietary HA is degraded by the human gut microbiota with individual variation to oligo-HAs components, which are more absorbable than HA, thereby exerting its beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazuki Akazawa
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Itsuko Fukuda
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- Research Center for Food Safety and Security, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Haruna Kaneda
- R&D Division, Kewpie Corporation, Sengawa Kewport, Chofu-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoichi Yoda
- R&D Division, Kewpie Corporation, Sengawa Kewport, Chofu-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mamoru Kimura
- R&D Division, Kewpie Corporation, Sengawa Kewport, Chofu-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryohei Nomoto
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kobe Institute of Health, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Shuji Ueda
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Shirai
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Ro Osawa
- Research Center for Food Safety and Security, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
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Saitoh H, Nishiura M, Nakazawa T, Morikawa J, Yoshida Z, Osawa R. Electro-optic Bdot probe measurement of magnetic fluctuations in plasma. Rev Sci Instrum 2022; 93:103540. [PMID: 36319310 DOI: 10.1063/5.0089031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We propose a combined use of a Pockels electro-optic sensor with a pickup loop coil (Bdot probe) for the measurement of magnetic fluctuations in plasmas. In this method, induced fluctuating voltage on the coil loop is converted into an optical signal by a compact electro-optic sensor in the vicinity of the measurement point and is transferred across optical fiber that is unaffected by electric noise or capacitive load issues. Compared with conventional Bdot probes, the electro-optic Bdot probe (1) is electrically isolated and free from noise pickup caused by the metallic transmission line and (2) can be operated at a higher-frequency range because of the smaller capacitance of the operation circuit, both of which are suitable for many plasma experiments. Conversely, the sensitivity of the current electro-optic Bdot probe arrangement is still significantly lower than that of conventional Bdot probes. A preliminary measurement result with the electro-optic Bdot probe showed the detection of a magnetic fluctuation signal around the cyclotron frequency range in the RT-1 magnetospheric plasma experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Saitoh
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - M Nishiura
- National Institute for Fusion Science, 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki, Gifu 509-5292, Japan
| | - T Nakazawa
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - J Morikawa
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Z Yoshida
- National Institute for Fusion Science, 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki, Gifu 509-5292, Japan
| | - R Osawa
- Seikoh Giken Co., Ltd., 296-1 Matsuhidai, Matsudo, Chiba 270-2214, Japan
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Koyama R, Ishibashi M, Fukuda I, Okino A, Osawa R, Uno Y. Pre- and Post-Harvest Conditions Affect Polyphenol Content in Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa). Plants 2022; 11:plants11172220. [PMID: 36079602 PMCID: PMC9460031 DOI: 10.3390/plants11172220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The strawberry fruit contains abundant polyphenols, such as anthocyanins, flavan-3-ol, and ellagitannin. Polyphenol enrichment improves the quality of strawberries and leads to a better understanding of the polyphenol induction process. We measured the total polyphenol content of strawberry fruits under different growth conditions, developmental stages, and treatment conditions during pre-harvest and post-harvest periods. High fruit polyphenol content was observed in cold treatment, which was selected for further analysis and optimization. A transcriptome analysis of cold-treated fruits suggested that the candidate components of polyphenols may exist in the phenylpropanoid pathway. Coverage with a porous film bag excluded the effects of drought stress and produced polyphenol-rich strawberry fruits without affecting quality or quantity. The degree of stress was assessed using known stress indicators. A rapid accumulation of abscisic acid was followed by an increase in superoxide dismutase and DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) activity, suggesting that the strawberry fruits responded to cold stress immediately, reaching the climax at around 6 days, a trend consistent with that of polyphenol content. These findings enhance our understanding of the mechanism of post-harvest polyphenol accumulation and the value of strawberries as a functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryohei Koyama
- Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Misaki Ishibashi
- Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Itsuko Fukuda
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
- Research Center for Food Safety and Security, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Akitoshi Okino
- FIRST, Tokyo Institute of Technology, J2-32, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
| | - Ro Osawa
- Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
- Research Center for Food Safety and Security, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yuichi Uno
- Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
- Research Center for Food Safety and Security, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
- Correspondence:
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Nishiyama K, Yokoi T, Sugiyama M, Osawa R, Mukai T, Okada N. Roles of the Cell Surface Architecture of Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium in the Gut Colonization. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:754819. [PMID: 34721360 PMCID: PMC8551831 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.754819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There are numerous bacteria reside within the mammalian gastrointestinal tract. Among the intestinal bacteria, Akkermansia, Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, and Ruminococcus closely interact with the intestinal mucus layer and are, therefore, known as mucosal bacteria. Mucosal bacteria use host or dietary glycans for colonization via adhesion, allowing access to the carbon source that the host’s nutrients provide. Cell wall or membrane proteins, polysaccharides, and extracellular vesicles facilitate these mucosal bacteria-host interactions. Recent studies revealed that the physiological properties of Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium significantly change in the presence of co-existing symbiotic bacteria or markedly differ with the spatial distribution in the mucosal niche. These recently discovered strategic colonization processes are important for understanding the survival of bacteria in the gut. In this review, first, we introduce the experimental models used to study host-bacteria interactions, and then, we highlight the latest discoveries on the colonization properties of mucosal bacteria, focusing on the roles of the cell surface architecture regarding Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Nishiyama
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsunari Yokoi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Sugiyama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Japan
| | - Ro Osawa
- Research Center for Food Safety and Security, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takao Mukai
- Department of Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Okada
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
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Matsui S, Akazawa H, Tsujikawa Y, Fukuda I, Suzuki Y, Yamamoto Y, Mukai T, Shirai Y, Osawa R. Milk oligosaccharide-mediated cross-feeding between Enterococcus gallinarum and lactobacilli in the gut microbiota of infant rats. Biosci Microbiota Food Health 2021; 40:204-211. [PMID: 34631332 PMCID: PMC8484008 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.2021-036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
We investigated bacteria that have a nutritional symbiotic relationship with respect to
milk oligosaccharides in gut microbiota of suckling rats, with specific reference to
sialyllactose (SL) degrading Enterococcus gallinarum. Our next generation
sequencing analysis of the colonic contents of 12-day-old suckling rats revealed that
almost half of the bacteria in the microbiota belonged to the Lactobacillaceae family.
Major Lactobacillus species in the contents were identified as L.
johnsonii, L. murinus, and L. reuteri. We
then monitored changes in numbers of the above Lactobacillus species,
E. gallinarum, and the bacteria belonging to the family
Enterobacteriaceae (i.e., enterobacteria) in the colonic contents of infant rats at 7, 12,
21, 28, and 35 days of age by using real-time PCR assays targeting these bacterial groups.
The 7-day-old infant rats had a gut microbiota in which enterobacteria were predominant.
Such dominance was replaced by L. johnsonii and the concomitant
E. gallinarum markedly increased in those of 12 and 21 days of ages.
During this period, the number of enterobacteria declined dramatically, but that of
L. reuteri surged dramatically. Our separate in vitro
experiment showed that supplementation of culture media with SL promoted the growth of
L. johnsonii and E. gallinarum, with marked production
of lactic acid. These findings revealed possible milk oligosaccharide-mediated
cross-feeding between E. gallinarum and L. johnsonii,
with the former degrading SL to release lactose to be utilized by the latter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saki Matsui
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Hazuki Akazawa
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yuji Tsujikawa
- Central Research Institute, ITO EN, Ltd., 21 Mekami, Makinohara, Shizuoka 421-0516, Japan
| | - Itsuko Fukuda
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Suzuki
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, 23-35-1 Higashi, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
| | - Yuji Yamamoto
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, 23-35-1 Higashi, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
| | - Takao Mukai
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, 23-35-1 Higashi, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Shirai
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Ro Osawa
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
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Tsujikawa Y, Ishikawa S, Sakane I, Yoshida KI, Osawa R. Identification of genes encoding a novel ABC transporter in Lactobacillus delbrueckii for inulin polymers uptake. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16007. [PMID: 34362962 PMCID: PMC8346543 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95356-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus delbrueckii JCM 1002T grows on highly polymerized inulin-type fructans as its sole carbon source. When it was grown on inulin, a > 10 kb long gene cluster inuABCDEF (Ldb1381-1386) encoding a plausible ABC transporter was suggested to be induced, since a transcriptome analysis revealed that the fourth gene inuD (Ldb1384) was up-regulated most prominently. Although Bacillus subtilis 168 is originally unable to utilize inulin, it became to grow on inulin upon heterologous expression of inuABCDEF. When freshly cultured cells of the recombinant B. subtilis were then densely suspended in buffer containing inulin polymers and incubated, inulin gradually disappeared from the buffer and accumulated in the cells without being degraded, whereas levan-type fructans did not disappear. The results imply that inuABCDEF might encode a novel ABC transporter in L. delbrueckii to "monopolize" inulin polymers selectively, thereby, providing a possible advantage in competition with other concomitant inulin-utilizing bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Tsujikawa
- Central Research Institute, ITO EN, Ltd., 21 Mekami, Makinohara, Shizuoka 421-0516 Japan ,grid.31432.370000 0001 1092 3077Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501 Japan
| | - Shu Ishikawa
- grid.31432.370000 0001 1092 3077Department of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501 Japan
| | - Iwao Sakane
- Central Research Institute, ITO EN, Ltd., 21 Mekami, Makinohara, Shizuoka 421-0516 Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Yoshida
- grid.31432.370000 0001 1092 3077Department of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501 Japan
| | - Ro Osawa
- grid.31432.370000 0001 1092 3077Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501 Japan
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Akazawa H, Tsujikawa Y, Fukuda I, Suzuki Y, Choi M, Katayama T, Mukai T, Osawa R. Isolation and identification of milk oligosaccharide-degrading bacteria from the intestinal contents of suckling rats. Biosci Microbiota Food Health 2020; 40:27-32. [PMID: 33520566 PMCID: PMC7817515 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.2020-024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We report the isolation of bacteria capable of degrading milk oligosaccharides from
suckling infant rats. The bacteria were successfully isolated via a selective enrichment
method, in which the serially diluted intestinal contents of infant rats were individually
incubated in an enrichment medium containing 3′-sialyllactose (3′-SL), followed by the
isolation of candidate strains from streaked agar plates and selection of 3′-SL-degrading
strains using thin-layer chromatography. Subsequent genomic and phenotypic analyses
identified all strains as Enterococcus gallinarum. The strains were
capable of degrading both 3′-SL and 6′-SL, which was not observed with the type strain of
E. gallinarum used as a reference. Furthermore, a time-course study
combining high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric
detection revealed that the representative strain AH4 degraded 3′-SL completely to yield
an equimolar amount of lactose and an approximately one-fourth equimolar amount of sialic
acid after 24 hr of anaerobic incubation. These findings point to a possibility that the
enterococci degrade rat milk oligosaccharides to “cross-feed” their degradants to other
members of concomitant bacteria in the gut of the infant rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazuki Akazawa
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yuji Tsujikawa
- Central Research Institute, ITO EN, Ltd., 21 Mekami, Makinohara, Shizuoka 421-0516, Japan
| | - Itsuko Fukuda
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Suzuki
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, 23-35-1 Higashi, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
| | - Moonhak Choi
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Takane Katayama
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Takao Mukai
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, 23-35-1 Higashi, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
| | - Ro Osawa
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
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12
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Yoshida N, Yamashita T, Kishino S, Watanabe H, Sasaki K, Sasaki D, Tabata T, Sugiyama Y, Kitamura N, Saito Y, Emoto T, Hayashi T, Takahashi T, Shinohara M, Osawa R, Kondo A, Yamada T, Ogawa J, Hirata KI. A possible beneficial effect of Bacteroides on faecal lipopolysaccharide activity and cardiovascular diseases. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13009. [PMID: 32747669 PMCID: PMC7398928 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69983-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Faecal lipopolysaccharides (LPS) have attracted attention as potent elements to explain a correlation between the gut microbiota and cardiovascular disease (CVD) progression. However, the underlying mechanism of how specific gut bacteria contribute to faecal LPS levels remains unclear. We retrospectively analysed the data of 92 patients and found that the abundance of the genus Bacteroides was significantly and negatively correlated with faecal LPS levels. The controls showed a higher abundance of Bacteroides than that in the patients with CVD. The endotoxin units of the Bacteroides LPS, as determined by the limulus amoebocyte lysate (LAL) tests, were drastically lower than those of the Escherichia coli LPS; similarly, the Bacteroides LPS induced relatively low levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine production and did not induce sepsis in mice. Fermenting patient faecal samples in a single-batch fermentation system with Bacteroides probiotics led to a significant increase in the Bacteroides abundance, suggesting that the human gut microbiota could be manipulated toward decreasing the faecal LPS levels. In the clinical perspective, Bacteroides decrease faecal LPS levels because of their reduced LAL activity; therefore, increasing Bacteroides abundance might serve as a novel therapeutic approach to prevent CVD via reducing faecal LPS levels and suppressing immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naofumi Yoshida
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 6500017, Japan
| | - Tomoya Yamashita
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 6500017, Japan.
| | - Shigenobu Kishino
- Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 6068502, Japan
| | - Hikaru Watanabe
- School and Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, 1528550, Japan
| | - Kengo Sasaki
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Kobe, 6578501, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sasaki
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Kobe, 6578501, Japan
| | - Tokiko Tabata
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 6500017, Japan
| | - Yuta Sugiyama
- Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 6068502, Japan
| | - Nahoko Kitamura
- Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 6068502, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Saito
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 6500017, Japan
| | - Takuo Emoto
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 6500017, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Hayashi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 6500017, Japan
| | - Tomoya Takahashi
- School and Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, 1528550, Japan
| | - Masakazu Shinohara
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Community Medicine and Social Healthcare Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, 6500017, Japan
| | - Ro Osawa
- Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, 6578501, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kondo
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Kobe, 6578501, Japan
| | - Takuji Yamada
- School and Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, 1528550, Japan
| | - Jun Ogawa
- Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 6068502, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Hirata
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 6500017, Japan
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13
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Osawa K, Shigemura K, Kitagawa K, Kuntaman K, Mertaniasih NM, Setyarini W, Arizandy D, Rahadjo D, Osawa R, Shirakawa T, Fujisawa M. Difference of Phenotype and Genotype Between Human and Environmental: Isolated Vibrio cholerae in Surabaya, Indonesia. Indian J Microbiol 2020; 60:230-238. [PMID: 32255856 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-020-00861-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholera due to Vibrio cholerae has been spreading worldwide, although the reports focusing on Indonesian V. cholerae are few. In this study, in order to investigate how V. cholerae transmitted to human from environment. We extended an epidemiological report that had investigated the genotype of V. cholerae isolated from human pediatric samples and environmental samples. We examined 44 strains of V. cholerae isolated from pediatric diarrhea patients and the environment such as shrimps or oysters collected in three adjacent towns in Surabaya, Indonesia. Susceptibilities were examined for 11 antibiotics. Serotype O1 or O139 genes and pathogenic genes including cholera toxin were detected. Multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC)-PCR were also performed to determine genetic diversity of those isolates. Serotype O1 was seen in 17 strains (38.6%) with all pathogenic genes among 44 isolates. Other isolates were non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae. Regarding antibiotic susceptibilities, those isolates from environmental samples showed resistance to ampicillin (11.4%), streptomycin (9.1%) and nalidixic acid (2.3%) but those isolates from pediatric stools showed no resistance to those 3 kinds of antibiotics. MLST revealed sequence type (ST) 69 in 17 strains (38.6%), ST198 in 3 strains (6.8%) and non-types in 24 strains (54.5%). All the ST69 strains were classified to O1 type with more than 95% similarity by ERIC-PCR, including all 6 (13.6%) isolates from environmental samples with resistance to streptomycin. In conclusion, V. cholerae O1 ST69 strains has been clonally spreading in Surabaya, exhibiting pathogenic factors and antibiotic resistance to streptomycin, especially in the isolates from environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayo Osawa
- 1Department of Medical Technology, Kobe Tokiwa University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Katsumi Shigemura
- 2Department of International Health, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
- 3Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-Cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017 Japan
| | - Koichi Kitagawa
- 2Department of International Health, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
- 4Division of Translational Research for Biologics, Department of Internal Related, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
- 5Department of Advanced Medical Science, Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - K Kuntaman
- 6Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Ni Made Mertaniasih
- 6Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Wahyu Setyarini
- 7Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Dita Arizandy
- 7Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Dadik Rahadjo
- 8Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Ro Osawa
- 9Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Toshiro Shirakawa
- 2Department of International Health, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
- 3Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-Cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017 Japan
- 4Division of Translational Research for Biologics, Department of Internal Related, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
- 5Department of Advanced Medical Science, Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masato Fujisawa
- 3Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-Cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017 Japan
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14
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Shinohara R, Sasaki K, Inoue J, Hoshi N, Fukuda I, Sasaki D, Kondo A, Osawa R. Butyryl-CoA:acetate CoA-transferase gene associated with the genus Roseburia is decreased in the gut microbiota of Japanese patients with ulcerative colitis. Biosci Microbiota Food Health 2019; 38:159-163. [PMID: 31763119 PMCID: PMC6856515 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.18-029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Microbial production of butyrate is impaired in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC); however, this inhibition is not well understood in Japanese UC patients. Therefore, we quantitatively analyzed genes encoding butyryl-CoA:acetate CoA-transferase (but) and butyrate kinase (buk) in the gut microbiota of Japanese patients with UC and healthy volunteers (HVs). But showed higher levels than buk. Moreover, patients with UC showed significantly decreased levels of but associated with Roseburia sp./Eubacterium rectale compared with HVs. But, which is associated with Faecalibacterium sp., was maintained in patients with UC, with an unchanged relative abundance of Faecalibacterium sp. microorganisms in patients with UC compared with HVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryohei Shinohara
- Division Food and Drug Evaluation Science, Department of Social/Community Medicine and Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
| | - Kengo Sasaki
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Jun Inoue
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
| | - Namiko Hoshi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
| | - Itsuko Fukuda
- Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan.,Research Center for Food Safety and Security, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sasaki
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kondo
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan.,RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Ro Osawa
- Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan.,Research Center for Food Safety and Security, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
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15
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Sasaki K, Inoue J, Sasaki D, Hoshi N, Shirai T, Fukuda I, Azuma T, Kondo A, Osawa R. Inside Front Cover: Biotechnology Journal 5/2019. Biotechnol J 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201970053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Sasaki
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation Kobe University1‐1 Rokkodai‐cho, Nada‐ku Kobe, Hyogo 657‐8501 Japan
| | - Jun Inoue
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of GastroenterologyGraduate School of Medicine, Kobe University7‐5‐2 Kusunoki‐cho, Chuo‐ku Kobe, Hyogo 650‐0017 Japan
| | - Daisuke Sasaki
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation Kobe University1‐1 Rokkodai‐cho, Nada‐ku Kobe, Hyogo 657‐8501 Japan
| | - Namiko Hoshi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of GastroenterologyGraduate School of Medicine, Kobe University7‐5‐2 Kusunoki‐cho, Chuo‐ku Kobe, Hyogo 650‐0017 Japan
| | - Tomokazu Shirai
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science1‐7‐22 Suehiro‐cho, Tsurumi‐ku Yokohama, Kanagawa 230‐0045 Japan
| | - Itsuko Fukuda
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation Kobe University1‐1 Rokkodai‐cho, Nada‐ku Kobe, Hyogo 657‐8501 Japan
| | - Takeshi Azuma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of GastroenterologyGraduate School of Medicine, Kobe University7‐5‐2 Kusunoki‐cho, Chuo‐ku Kobe, Hyogo 650‐0017 Japan
| | - Akihiko Kondo
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation Kobe University1‐1 Rokkodai‐cho, Nada‐ku Kobe, Hyogo 657‐8501 Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science1‐7‐22 Suehiro‐cho, Tsurumi‐ku Yokohama, Kanagawa 230‐0045 Japan
| | - Ro Osawa
- Department of Bioresource ScienceGraduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University1‐1 Rokkodai‐cho, Nada‐ku Kobe, Hyogo 657‐8501 Japan
- Research Center for Food Safety and Security, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University1‐1 Rokkodai‐cho, Nada‐ku Kobe, Hyogo 657‐8501 Japan
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16
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Sasaki K, Inoue J, Sasaki D, Hoshi N, Shirai T, Fukuda I, Azuma T, Kondo A, Osawa R. Construction of a Model Culture System of Human Colonic Microbiota to Detect Decreased Lachnospiraceae Abundance and Butyrogenesis in the Feces of Ulcerative Colitis Patients. Biotechnol J 2019; 14:e1800555. [PMID: 30791234 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201800555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Compositional alteration of the gut microbiota is associated with ulcerative colitis (UC). Here, a model culture system is established for the in vitro human colonic microbiota of UC, which will be helpful for determining medical interventions. 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing confirms that UC models are successfully developed from fecal inoculum and retain the bacterial species biodiversity of UC feces. The UC models closely reproduce the microbial components and successfully preserve distinct clusters from the healthy subjects (HS), as observed in the feces. The relative abundance of bacteria belonging to the family Lachnospiraceae significantly decreases in the UC models compared to that in HS, as observed in the feces. The system detects significantly lower butyrogenesis in the UC models than that in HS, correlating with the decreased abundance of Lachnospiraceae. Interestingly, the relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae does not correlate with disease activity (defined as partial Mayo score), suggesting that Lachnospiraceae persists in UC patients at a decreased level, irrespective of the alteration in disease activity. Moreover, the system shows that administration of Clostridium butyricum MIYAIRI restores butyrogenesis in the UC model. Hence, the model detects deregulation in the intestinal environment in UC patients and may be useful for simulating the effect of probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Sasaki
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Jun Inoue
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sasaki
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Namiko Hoshi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Shirai
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Itsuko Fukuda
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Takeshi Azuma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kondo
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan.,RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Ro Osawa
- Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan.,Research Center for Food Safety and Security, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
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17
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Yoshida N, Sasaki K, Sasaki D, Yamashita T, Fukuda H, Hayashi T, Tabata T, Osawa R, Hirata KI, Kondo A. Effect of Resistant Starch on the Gut Microbiota and Its Metabolites in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease. J Atheroscler Thromb 2018; 26:705-719. [PMID: 30587666 PMCID: PMC6711844 DOI: 10.5551/jat.47415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Bacteroides vulgatus and B. dorei have a protective effect against atherosclerosis, suggesting that expansion of these species in the gut microbiota could help patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). This study aimed to investigate the effect of resistant starch (RS) on the gut microbiota and its metabolites in fecal sample cultures from patients with CAD and individuals without CAD, using a single-batch fermentation system. METHODS Fecal samples from 11 patients with CAD and 10 individuals without CAD were fermented for 30 h with or without RS in the Kobe University Human Intestinal Microbiota Model (KUHIMM). Gut microbiota and the abundance of B. vulgatus and B. dorei were analyzed using 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) gene sequencing and the quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Short-chain fatty acids were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS Gut microbial analysis showed significantly lower levels of B. vulgatus and B. dorei in the original fecal samples from patients with CAD, which was simulated after 30 h of fermentation in the KUHIMM. Although RS significantly increased the absolute numbers of B. vulgatus and B. dorei, and butyrate levels in CAD fecal sample cultures, the numbers varied among each patient. CONCLUSIONS The effect of RS on gut microbiota and its metabolites in the KUHIMM varied between CAD and non-CAD fecal sample cultures. The KUHIMM may be useful for preclinical evaluations of the effects of RS on the gut microbiota and its metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naofumi Yoshida
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Kengo Sasaki
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University
| | - Daisuke Sasaki
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University
| | - Tomoya Yamashita
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine
| | | | - Tomohiro Hayashi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Tokiko Tabata
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Ro Osawa
- Research Center for Food Safety and Security, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University.,Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University
| | - Ken-Ichi Hirata
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Akihiko Kondo
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University.,RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
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18
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Yamada R, Tien LHT, Arai S, Tohya M, Ishida-Kuroki K, Nomoto R, Kim H, Suzuki E, Osawa R, Watanabe T, Sekizaki T. Development of PCR for identifying Streptococcus parasuis, a close relative of Streptococcus suis. J Vet Med Sci 2018; 80:1101-1107. [PMID: 29877313 PMCID: PMC6068303 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.18-0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus parasuis has recently been removed taxonomically from Streptococcus suis, a zoonotic pathogen. S. parasuis has been detected
in healthy pigs and in diseased pigs, which suggests that S. parasuis is involved in the normal microbiota of pigs and has potential pathogenicity. However, the
pathogenicity of S. parasuis in pigs is unclear because of the lack of appropriate detection methods that discriminate S. parasuis from S.
suis. In this study, we developed a PCR method that is specific for S. parasuis. The detection limit of the PCR was 350 CFU per reaction. Bacteria isolated from
the saliva of eight pigs were collected and examined by PCR. Sixty-four isolates positive for PCR were obtained from the samples of all pigs. Thirteen of the 64 isolates were genetically
confirmed as S. parasuis, and biologically and biochemically had nearly the same features of known S. parasuis strains, which suggested that strains
positive for PCR were S. parasuis. Among the 64 isolates, 28 isolates were serotypes 20, 22, or 26 in the S. suis serotyping scheme. The remaining 36
isolates were untypeable, which suggested the presence of novel serotypes or a capsule-negative form. Therefore, the PCR method described in this study is a useful tool for identifying
S. parasuis, and can be used in etiological studies on this bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoko Yamada
- Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.,Present address: Laboratory of Veterinary Ethology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Le Hong Thuy Tien
- Department of Biotechnology, Nong Lam University, Quarter 6, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Sakura Arai
- Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.,Present address: Division of Microbiology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tonomachi 3-25-26, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Mari Tohya
- Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.,Present address: Pathogenic Microbe Laboratory, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Toyama 1-21-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Kasumi Ishida-Kuroki
- Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Ryohei Nomoto
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kobe Institute of Health, Minatojima-Nakamachi 4-6-5, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0045, Japan
| | - Hyunjung Kim
- Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Eriko Suzuki
- Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Ro Osawa
- Department of Bioresource Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kobe University, Rokko-dai 1-1, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Takayasu Watanabe
- Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Sekizaki
- Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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Kato K, Odamaki T, Mitsuyama E, Sugahara H, Xiao JZ, Osawa R. Age-Related Changes in the Composition of Gut Bifidobacterium Species. Curr Microbiol 2017; 74:987-995. [PMID: 28593350 PMCID: PMC5486783 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-017-1272-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Bifidobacteria are one of the major components in human microbiota that are suggested to function in maintaining human health. The colonization and cell number of Bifidobacterium species in human intestine vary with ageing. However, sequential changes of Bifidobacterium species ranging from newborns to centenarians remain unresolved. Here, we investigated the gut compositional changes of Bifidobacterium species over a wide range of ages. Faecal samples of 441 healthy Japanese subjects between the ages of 0 and 104 years were analysed using real-time PCR with species-specific primers. B. longum group was widely detected from newborns to centenarians, with the highest detection rate. B. breve was detected in approximately 70% of children under 3 years old. B. adolescentis and B. catenulatum groups were predominant after weaning. B. bifidum was detected at almost all ages. The detection rate of B. dentium was higher in the elderly than in other ages. B. animalis ssp. lactis was detected in 11.4% of the subjects and their ages were restricted. B. gallinarum goup was detected in only nine subjects, while B. minimum and B. mongoliense were undetected at any age. The presence of certain Bifidobacterium groups was associated with significantly higher numbers of other Bifidobacterium species/subspecies. Inter-species correlations were found among each species, exception for B. animalis ssp. lactis. These results revealed the patterns and transition points with respect to compositional changes of Bifidobacterium species that occur with ageing, and the findings indicate that there may be symbiotic associations between some of these species in the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumiko Kato
- Next Generation Science Institute R&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-1-83, Higashihara, Zama-city, Kanagawa, 252-8583, Japan.
| | - Toshitaka Odamaki
- Next Generation Science Institute R&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-1-83, Higashihara, Zama-city, Kanagawa, 252-8583, Japan
| | - Eri Mitsuyama
- Next Generation Science Institute R&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-1-83, Higashihara, Zama-city, Kanagawa, 252-8583, Japan
| | - Hirosuke Sugahara
- Next Generation Science Institute R&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-1-83, Higashihara, Zama-city, Kanagawa, 252-8583, Japan
| | - Jin-Zhong Xiao
- Next Generation Science Institute R&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-1-83, Higashihara, Zama-city, Kanagawa, 252-8583, Japan
| | - Ro Osawa
- Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
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Nomoto R, Takano S, Tanaka K, Tsujikawa Y, Kusunoki H, Osawa R. Isolation and identification of Bifidobacterium species from feces of captive chimpanzees. Biosci Microbiota Food Health 2017; 36:91-99. [PMID: 28748130 PMCID: PMC5510154 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.16-027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Recently, gut-dwelling bifidobacteria from chimpanzees, which are phylogenetically close to humans and have feeding habits similar to humans, have been frequently investigated. Given this, we speculated that like humans,
chimpanzees would have a unique diversity of bifidobacteria. We herein describe a taxonomically novel member of bifidobacteria isolated from fecal samples of captive chimpanzees. Bifidobacteria were detected in all fecal samples
by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. A Bifidobacterium pseudolongum-like species, which could not be detected using B. pseudolongum-specific primers targeting the groEL gene
sequence, was dominant in the feces of five chimpanzees. Seven bifidobacterial strains were isolated from this group of five chimpanzees, and all isolates were identified as B. pseudolongum. B.
pseudolongum has previously often been isolated from non-primate animals as well as humans; however, here we demonstrate its presence in a nonhuman primate species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryohei Nomoto
- Department of Bioresource Science, Organization of Advanced Science and Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokko-dai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.,Health Bioscience Team, Organization of Advanced Science and Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokko-dai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Shintaro Takano
- Department of Bioresource Science, Organization of Advanced Science and Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokko-dai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Kosei Tanaka
- Health Bioscience Team, Organization of Advanced Science and Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokko-dai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yuji Tsujikawa
- Department of Bioresource Science, Organization of Advanced Science and Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokko-dai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kusunoki
- Department of Bioresource Science, Organization of Advanced Science and Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokko-dai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Ro Osawa
- Department of Bioresource Science, Organization of Advanced Science and Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokko-dai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.,Health Bioscience Team, Organization of Advanced Science and Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokko-dai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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21
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Kishimoto M, Nomoto R, Mizuno M, Osawa R. An in vitro investigation of immunomodulatory properties of Lactobacillus plantarum and L. delbrueckii cells and their extracellular polysaccharides. Biosci Microbiota Food Health 2017; 36:101-110. [PMID: 28748131 PMCID: PMC5510155 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.17-001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Many probiotic lactobacilli and their extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) have beneficial immunological properties. However, it is unclear how they elicit the host immune response. We thus investigated the immunological
properties of UV-killed Lactobacillus delbrueckii TU-1 and L. plantarum KM-9 cells as well as their extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs). High-performance liquid chromatography and ion exchange
chromatography analyses showed that their EPSs differ in sugar composition and sugar fractionation. The immunological properties were evaluated in a semi-intestinal model using a Transwell co-culture system that employed human
intestinal epithelial (Caco-2) cells on the apical side and murine macrophage (RAW264.7) cells on the basolateral side. The UV-killed cells and EPSs were added to the apical side to allow direct contact with Caco-2 cells and
incubated for 6 hr. After incubation, the amounts of tumor necrosis factor-α and several cytokines released by RAW264.7 or Caco-2 cells were quantified by cytotoxic activity on L929 cells (murine fibrosarcoma cell line) and
quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR. We found that the UV-killed cells and their EPSs had immunological effects on RAW264.7 cells via Caco-2 cells. The RAW264.7 cells showed different cytokine production profiles when treated
with UV-killed cells and EPSs. The UV-killed cells and EPSs promoted a Th1-type cellular response. Furthermore, we found that the UV-killed cells sent positive signals through Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2. Meanwhile, neither EPS
sent a positive signal through TLR4 and TLR2. This evidence suggests that both UV-killed cells of the lactobacillus strains and their EPSs trigger a Th1-type immune response in a human host, with the former triggering the response
via the TLRs expressed on its epithelium and the latter employing a mechanism yet to be determined, possibly involving a novel receptor that is designed to recognize specific patterns of repeating sugar in the EPSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mana Kishimoto
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokko-dai, 10 Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Ryohei Nomoto
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokko-dai, 10 Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.,Health Bioscience Team, Organization of Advanced Science and Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokko-dai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Masashi Mizuno
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokko-dai, 10 Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.,Health Bioscience Team, Organization of Advanced Science and Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokko-dai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Ro Osawa
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokko-dai, 10 Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.,Health Bioscience Team, Organization of Advanced Science and Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokko-dai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.,Research Center for Food Safety and Security, Faculty of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokko-dai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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22
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Nishiura M, Yoshida Z, Mushiake T, Kawazura Y, Osawa R, Fujinami K, Yano Y, Saitoh H, Yamasaki M, Kashyap A, Takahashi N, Nakatsuka M, Fukuyama A. Electro-optic probe measurements of electric fields in plasmas. Rev Sci Instrum 2017; 88:023501. [PMID: 28249485 DOI: 10.1063/1.4974740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The direct measurements of high-frequency electric fields in a plasma bring about significant advances in the physics and engineering of various waves. We have developed an electro-optic sensor system based on the Pockels effect. Since the signal is transmitted through an optical fiber, the system has high tolerance for electromagnetic noises. To demonstrate its applicability to plasma experiments, we report the first result of measurement of the ion-cyclotron wave excited in the RT-1 magnetosphere device. This study compares the results of experimental field measurements with simulation results of electric fields in plasmas.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nishiura
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Z Yoshida
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - T Mushiake
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Y Kawazura
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - R Osawa
- SEIKOH GIKEN Co., Ltd., Matsudo, Chiba 270-2214, Japan
| | - K Fujinami
- SEIKOH GIKEN Co., Ltd., Matsudo, Chiba 270-2214, Japan
| | - Y Yano
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - H Saitoh
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - M Yamasaki
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - A Kashyap
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - N Takahashi
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - M Nakatsuka
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - A Fukuyama
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan
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Osawa R, Wagener M, Singh N. Cytomegalovirus Infection in Patients with Sepsis Due to Bloodstream Infections: Lower Risk and Better Outcomes in New versus Already Hospitalised Intensive Care Unit Admissions. Anaesth Intensive Care 2016; 44:571-80. [DOI: 10.1177/0310057x1604400514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have examined cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation exclusively in immunocompetent patients with sepsis due to bloodstream infections. In a cohort of CMV-seropositive critically ill otherwise non-immunosuppressed patients with sepsis due to bloodstream infection, weekly testing for CMV viraemia was performed. Outcomes were assessed at 30 days or until death/discharge from the intensive care unit (ICU). CMV viraemia developed in 20% (20/100) of the patients. Age ( P=0.044) and blood transfusions ( P=0.022) were significantly associated with CMV viraemia. There was no difference in the primary endpoint (mortality and/or multi-organ failure) between patients with and without CMV viraemia ( P=0.49). However, CMV viraemia was associated with significantly fewer ICU-free days ( P=0.023) and fewer ventilator-free days ( P=0.031). Patients hospitalised in the ICU for more than 48 hours prior to the onset of bloodstream infection were more likely to develop CMV viraemia ( P=0.006), have high-grade viraemia ( P=0.010), and fewer ICU-free days ( P=0.018) and ventilator-free days ( P=0.029) than those admitted within 48 hours of bloodstream infection. Thus, CMV reactivation was associated with fewer ICU- and ventilator-free days, however overall mortality was not affected. Patients already in the ICU at the onset of sepsis had higher risk of CMV reactivation and worse outcomes than new ICU-bound patients suggesting that a targeted approach for interventions for CMV could conceivably be directed towards those with a more protracted course of illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Osawa
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, USA
| | - M. Wagener
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, USA
| | - N. Singh
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, USA
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24
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Takagi R, Sasaki K, Sasaki D, Fukuda I, Tanaka K, Yoshida KI, Kondo A, Osawa R. A Single-Batch Fermentation System to Simulate Human Colonic Microbiota for High-Throughput Evaluation of Prebiotics. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160533. [PMID: 27483470 PMCID: PMC4970706 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We devised a single-batch fermentation system to simulate human colonic microbiota from fecal samples, enabling the complex mixture of microorganisms to achieve densities of up to 1011 cells/mL in 24 h. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of bacteria grown in the system revealed that representatives of the major phyla, including Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria, as well as overall species diversity, were consistent with those of the original feces. On the earlier stages of fermentation (up to 9 h), trace mixtures of acetate, lactate, and succinate were detectable; on the later stages (after 24 h), larger amounts of acetate accumulated along with some of propionate and butyrate. These patterns were similar to those observed in the original feces. Thus, this system could serve as a simple model to simulate the diversity as well as the metabolism of human colonic microbiota. Supplementation of the system with several prebiotic oligosaccharides (including fructo-, galacto-, isomalto-, and xylo-oligosaccharides; lactulose; and lactosucrose) resulted in an increased population in genus Bifidobacterium, concomitant with significant increases in acetate production. The results suggested that this fermentation system may be useful for in vitro, pre-clinical evaluation of the effects of prebiotics prior to testing in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Takagi
- Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1–1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657–8501, Japan
| | - Kengo Sasaki
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1–1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657–8501, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Daisuke Sasaki
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1–1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657–8501, Japan
| | - Itsuko Fukuda
- Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1–1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657–8501, Japan
- Research Center for Food Safety and Security, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1–1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657–8501, Japan
| | - Kosei Tanaka
- Organization of Advanced Science and Technology, Kobe University, 1–1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657–8501, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Yoshida
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1–1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657–8501, Japan
- Organization of Advanced Science and Technology, Kobe University, 1–1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657–8501, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kondo
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1–1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657–8501, Japan
- Organization of Advanced Science and Technology, Kobe University, 1–1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657–8501, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230–0045, Japan
| | - Ro Osawa
- Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1–1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657–8501, Japan
- Organization of Advanced Science and Technology, Kobe University, 1–1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657–8501, Japan
- Research Center for Food Safety and Security, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1–1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657–8501, Japan
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Okura M, Osaki M, Nomoto R, Arai S, Osawa R, Sekizaki T, Takamatsu D. Current Taxonomical Situation of Streptococcus suis. Pathogens 2016; 5:pathogens5030045. [PMID: 27348006 PMCID: PMC5039425 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens5030045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis, a major porcine pathogen and an important zoonotic agent, is considered to be composed of phenotypically and genetically diverse strains. However, recent studies reported several “S. suis-like strains” that were identified as S. suis by commonly used methods for the identification of this bacterium, but were regarded as distinct species from S. suis according to the standards of several taxonomic analyses. Furthermore, it has been suggested that some S. suis-like strains can be assigned to several novel species. In this review, we discuss the current taxonomical situation of S. suis with a focus on (1) the classification history of the taxon of S. suis; (2) S. suis-like strains revealed by taxonomic analyses; (3) methods for detecting and identifying this species, including a novel method that can distinguish S. suis isolates from S. suis-like strains; and (4) current topics on the reclassification of S. suis-like strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Okura
- Division of Bacterial and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan.
| | - Makoto Osaki
- Division of Bacterial and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan.
| | - Ryohei Nomoto
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kobe Institute of Health, 4-6-5 Minatojima-Nakamachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0045, Japan.
| | - Sakura Arai
- Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
| | - Ro Osawa
- Organization for Advanced Science and Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokko-dai, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan.
| | - Tsutomu Sekizaki
- Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Takamatsu
- Division of Bacterial and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan.
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
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Odamaki T, Kato K, Sugahara H, Hashikura N, Takahashi S, Xiao JZ, Abe F, Osawa R. Age-related changes in gut microbiota composition from newborn to centenarian: a cross-sectional study. BMC Microbiol 2016; 16:90. [PMID: 27220822 PMCID: PMC4879732 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-016-0708-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 793] [Impact Index Per Article: 99.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been reported that the composition of human gut microbiota changes with age; however, few studies have used molecular techniques to investigate the long-term, sequential changes in gut microbiota composition. In this study, we investigated the sequential changes in gut microbiota composition in newborn to centenarian Japanese subjects. RESULTS Fecal samples from 367 healthy Japanese subjects between the ages of 0 and 104 years were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing of amplicons derived from the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Analysis based on bacterial co-abundance groups (CAGs) defined by Kendall correlations between genera revealed that certain transition types of microbiota were enriched in infants, adults, elderly individuals and both infant and elderly subjects. More positive correlations between the relative abundances of genera were observed in the elderly-associated CAGs compared with the infant- and adult-associated CAGs. Hierarchical Ward's linkage clustering based on the abundance of genera indicated five clusters, with median (interquartile range) ages of 3 (0-35), 33 (24-45), 42 (32-62), 77 (36-84) and 94 (86-98) years. Subjects were predominantly clustered with their matched age; however, some of them fell into mismatched age clusters. Furthermore, clustering based on the proportion of transporters predicted by phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states (PICRUSt) showed that subjects were divided into two age-related groups, the adult-enriched and infant/elderly-enriched clusters. Notably, all the drug transporters based on Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) Orthology groups were found in the infant/elderly-enriched cluster. CONCLUSION Our results indicate some patterns and transition points in the compositional changes in gut microbiota with age. In addition, the transporter property prediction results suggest that nutrients in the gut might play an important role in changing the gut microbiota composition with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshitaka Odamaki
- Next Generation Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Zama, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Kumiko Kato
- Next Generation Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Zama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hirosuke Sugahara
- Next Generation Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Zama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Nanami Hashikura
- Next Generation Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Zama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Sachiko Takahashi
- Food Ingredients & Technology Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Zama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Jin-Zhong Xiao
- Next Generation Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Zama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Abe
- Food Ingredients & Technology Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Zama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ro Osawa
- Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
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Iijima Y, Oundo JO, Hibino T, Saidi SM, Hinenoya A, Osawa K, Shirakawa T, Osawa R, Yamasaki S. High Prevalence of Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli among Children with Diarrhea in Kenya. Jpn J Infect Dis 2016; 70:80-83. [PMID: 27169953 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2016.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) is an important agent of endemic and epidemic diarrhea worldwide, particularly in developing countries. DEC cannot be differentiated from commensal E. coli on selective media, although there are a few exceptions. Most studies use the colony isolation method, which cannot detect low numbers of DEC, and therefore, these studies might underestimate the incidence of DEC. In the present study, we employed a colony sweep method with real-time PCR targeting virulence genes of 5 categories of DEC; this technique can detect very low numbers of DEC among hundreds of commensal E. coli. DEC was detected in 171 (55.9%) of 306 children with diarrhea in Kenya. The prevalence of DEC in Kenya was notably higher than that (30 in 143, 21.0%) in Indonesia. Occurrences of multiple DEC infection in Kenya were frequent (69 in 306, 23.2%), suggesting that the source of DEC infection may be related to grossly contaminated food and water. In contrast, only 9 (6.0%) of 150 healthy adults in Kenya carried DEC. Considering that healthy adults naturally harbor non-DEC, it is interesting how children exclude DEC but not non-DEC as they grow up. Several mechanisms, such as mucosal immunity and intestinal microbiota, might be involved in the exclusion of DEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Iijima
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kobe Institute of Health
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28
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Takashima S, Nishie W, Morita Y, Osawa R, Iwata H, Fujita Y, Fujimoto K, Shimizu H. Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis in a patient with mycosis fungoides. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2016; 30:712-3. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.13009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Takashima
- Department of Dermatology; Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine; Sapporo Japan
| | - W. Nishie
- Department of Dermatology; Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine; Sapporo Japan
| | - Y. Morita
- Department of Dermatology; Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine; Sapporo Japan
| | - R. Osawa
- Department of Dermatology; Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine; Sapporo Japan
| | - H. Iwata
- Department of Dermatology; Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine; Sapporo Japan
| | - Y. Fujita
- Department of Dermatology; Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine; Sapporo Japan
| | - K. Fujimoto
- Department of Haematology; Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine; Sapporo Japan
| | - H. Shimizu
- Department of Dermatology; Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine; Sapporo Japan
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Suzuki K, Nishiyama K, Miyajima H, Osawa R, Yamamoto Y, Mukai T. Adhesion properties of a putative polymorphic fimbrial subunit protein from Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum. Biosci Microbiota Food Health 2015; 35:19-27. [PMID: 26858927 PMCID: PMC4735030 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.2015-015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In our previous study, we found that the open reading frame bl0675 in the genome of
Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum isolated from human feces encoded a
novel putative fimbrial protein, was highly polymorphic, and had five variants (A, B, C, D, and E types). The
aim of this study was to evaluate the affinity of these variants to porcine colonic mucins (PCMs).
Protein-binding properties were examined using the recombinant BL0675 protein containing a C-terminal 6 × His
tag (His-BL0675). Surface plasmon resonance analysis demonstrated that the His-BL0675 A type had strong
affinity to PCMs (KD = 9.82 × 10−8 M), whereas the B, C, D, and E types
exhibited little or no binding. In a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, His-BL0675 A type binding
was reduced by addition of mucin oligosaccharides, suggesting that the binding occurs via carbohydrate chains
of PCMs. The localization of BL0675 to the B. longum subsp. longum cell
surface was confirmed by western blot analysis using A type polyclonal antibodies. Bacterial adhesion of
B. longum subsp. longum to PCMs was also blocked by A type-specific
antibodies; however, its adhesion properties were strain specific. Our results suggest that the BL0675
variants significantly contribute to the adhesion of B. longum subsp. longum
strains. The expression and the adhesive properties of this protein are affected by genetic polymorphisms and
are specific for B. longum subsp. longum strains. However, further studies
are required on the properties of binding of these putative fimbrial proteins to the human gastrointestinal
tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Suzuki
- Department of Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori, Japan
| | - Keita Nishiyama
- Department of Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori, Japan; Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Miyajima
- Department of Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori, Japan
| | - Ro Osawa
- Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yuji Yamamoto
- Department of Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori, Japan
| | - Takao Mukai
- Department of Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori, Japan
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Arai S, Tohya M, Yamada R, Osawa R, Nomoto R, Kawamura Y, Sekizaki T. Development of loop-mediated isothermal amplification to detect Streptococcus suis and its application to retail pork meat in Japan. Int J Food Microbiol 2015; 208:35-42. [PMID: 26043307 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We here developed a novel loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method to detect Streptococcus suis in raw pork meat. This method, designated LAMPSS, targeted the recombination/repair protein (recN) gene of S. suis and detected all serotypes of S. suis, except those taxonomically removed from authentic S. suis, i.e., serotypes 20, 22, 26, 32, 33, and 34. The specificity of LAMPSS was confirmed and its detection limit was 5.4cfu/reaction. Among the 966 raw pork meat samples examined, including sliced pork, minced pork, and the liver, tongue, heart, and small intestine, 255 samples tested positive with LAMPSS. The rate of contamination was higher in the organs than in pork. No significant difference was observed in the total bacterial count between LAMPSS-positive and -negative samples. The number of shops that provided LAMPSS-positive pork was slightly higher in those that sold swine organs and pork than in those that sold only pork, suggesting that cross contamination occurred from the organs to pork. Among the 255 which tested positive for LAMPSS, only 47 samples tested positive for the previously described LAMP specific for S. suis serotype 2. Two isolates of S. suis serotype 2, belonging to sequence type 28, which is potentially hazardous to humans, as well as those of some other serotypes were obtained from 19 out of 47 samples by combining LAMP with a replica plating method. These results suggest that LAMPSS will be a useful tool for the surveillance of raw pork meat in the retail market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakura Arai
- Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Mari Tohya
- Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Ryoko Yamada
- Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Ro Osawa
- Department of Bioresource Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kobe University, Rokko-dai 1-1, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Ryohei Nomoto
- Organization for Advanced Science and Technology, Kobe University, Rokko-dai 1-1, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kawamura
- Department of Microbiology, Aichi Gakuin University, School of Pharmacy, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8650, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Sekizaki
- Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
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Segura M, Zheng H, de Greeff A, Gao GF, Grenier D, Jiang Y, Lu C, Maskell D, Oishi K, Okura M, Osawa R, Schultsz C, Schwerk C, Sekizaki T, Smith H, Srimanote P, Takamatsu D, Tang J, Tenenbaum T, Tharavichitkul P, Hoa NT, Valentin-Weigand P, Wells JM, Wertheim H, Zhu B, Xu J, Gottschalk M. Latest developments on Streptococcus suis: an emerging zoonotic pathogen: part 2. Future Microbiol 2015; 9:587-91. [PMID: 24957086 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.14.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
First International Workshop on Streptococcus suis, Beijing, China, 12-13 August 2013. This second and final chapter of the report on the First International Workshop on Streptococcus suis follows on from Part 1, published in the April 2014, volume 9, issue 4 of Future Microbiology. S. suis is a swine pathogen and a zoonotic agent afflicting people in close contact with infected pigs or pork meat. Although sporadic cases of human infections had been reported worldwide, deadly S. suis outbreaks emerged in Asia. The severity of the disease underscores the lack of knowledge on the virulence and zoonotic evolution of this human-infecting agent. The pathogenesis of the infection, interactions with host cells and new avenues for treatments were among the topics discussed during the First International Workshop on S. suis (China 2013).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariela Segura
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Canada
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Abstract
In this study, we investigated whether Vibrio cholerae cells exposed to nutrient-limited conditions developed resistance to abiotic stresses because of which most, if not all, starved cells turn coccoid in shape and exhibited marked resistance to freezing, low pH, and chlorine, but not against bile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Shibata
- Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School Agricultural Science, Kobe University
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Nomoto R, Maruyama F, Ishida S, Tohya M, Sekizaki T, Osawa R. Reappraisal of the taxonomy of Streptococcus suis serotypes 20, 22 and 26: Streptococcus parasuis sp. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2015; 65:438-443. [DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.067116-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to clarify the taxonomic position of serotypes 20, 22 and 26 of
Streptococcus suis
, biochemical and molecular genetic studies were performed on isolates (SUT-7, SUT-286T, SUT-319, SUT-328 and SUT-380) reacted with specific antisera of serotypes 20, 22 or 26 from the saliva of healthy pigs as well as reference strains of serotypes 20, 22 and 26. Comparative recN gene sequencing showed high genetic relatedness among our isolates, but marked differences from the type strain
S. suis
NCTC 10234T, i.e. 74.8–75.7 % sequence similarity. The genomic relatedness between the isolates and other strains of species of the genus
Streptococcus
, including
S. suis,
was calculated using the average nucleotide identity values of whole genome sequences, which indicated that serotypes 20, 22 and 26 should be removed taxonomically from
S. suis
and treated as a novel genomic species. Comparative sequence analysis revealed 99.0–100 % sequence similarities for the 16S rRNA genes between the reference strains of serotypes 20, 22 and 26, and our isolates. Isolate STU-286T had relatively high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with
S. suis
NCTC 10234T (98.8 %). SUT-286T could be distinguished from
S. suis
and other closely related species of the genus
Streptococcus
using biochemical tests. Due to its phylogenetic and phenotypic similarities to
S. suis
we propose naming the novel species Streptococcus parasuis sp. nov., with SUT-286T ( = JCM 30273T = DSM 29126T) as the type strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Nomoto
- Organization for Advanced Science and Technology, Kobe University, Rokko-dai 1-1, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - F. Maruyama
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Section of Bacterial Phathogenesis, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima 45-5-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - S. Ishida
- Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - M. Tohya
- Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - T. Sekizaki
- Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Ro Osawa
- Department of Bioresource Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kobe University, Rokko-dai 1-1, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
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Matsubara K, Takegawa H, Sakizono K, Nomoto R, Yamamoto G, Osawa R. Transient Bacteremia Due to Streptococcus gallolyticus Subsp. pasteurianus in a 3-Year-Old Infant. Jpn J Infect Dis 2015; 68:251-3. [DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2014.423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hiroshi Takegawa
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital
| | - Kenji Sakizono
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital
| | - Ryohei Nomoto
- Organization for Advanced Science and Technology, Kobe University
| | - Go Yamamoto
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nishi-Kobe Medical Center
| | - Ro Osawa
- Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University
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Kishimoto M, Nomoto R, Osawa R. In vitro evaluation of immunological properties of extracellular polysaccharides produced by Lactobacillus delbrueckii strains. Biosci Microbiota Food Health 2014; 34:11-23. [PMID: 25625033 PMCID: PMC4300312 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.2014-013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the variation in immunological properties of the extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs) produced by different Lactobacillus delbrueckii strains as well as that of their monosaccharide composition. The monosaccharide composition of each EPS produced by L. delbrueckii strains, as determined by thin layer chromatography (TLC), showed an appreciable variation in a strain-dependent manner, which could be broadly assigned to 4 TLC groups. Meanwhile, the immunological properties of the EPSs produced by 10 L. delbrueckii strains were evaluated in a semi-intestinal model using a Transwell co-culture system, which employed human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells on the apical side and murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells on the basolateral side. Each EPS was added to the apical side to allow direct contact with Caco-2 cells and incubated for 6 hr. After incubation, the amounts of TNF-α and several cytokines that had
been released by either RAW264.7 or Caco-2 cells were then quantified by cytotoxic activity on L929 cells or the RT-PCR method. It was found that the EPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells express different profiles of cytokine production via Caco-2 cells but that the profile difference could not be related to the above TLC grouping. The evidence suggests that the EPSs of L. delbrueckii strains are diverse not only in their biochemical structure but also in their immunological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mana Kishimoto
- Department of Bioresource Science, Organization of Advanced Science and Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokko-dai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Ryohei Nomoto
- Department of Bioresource Science, Organization of Advanced Science and Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokko-dai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan ; Health Bioscience Team, Organization of Advanced Science and Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokko-dai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Ro Osawa
- Department of Bioresource Science, Organization of Advanced Science and Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokko-dai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan ; Health Bioscience Team, Organization of Advanced Science and Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokko-dai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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Takagi R, Tsujikawa Y, Nomoto R, Osawa R. Comparison of the Growth of Lactobacillus delbrueckii, L. paracasei and L. plantarum on Inulin in Co-culture Systems. Biosci Microbiota Food Health 2014; 33:139-46. [PMID: 25379361 PMCID: PMC4219980 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.33.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Lactobacillus delbrueckii TU-1, which apparently takes intact inulin into its cells and then degrades it
intracellularly, was co-cultured in vitro with L. paracasei KTN-5, an extracellular inulin
degrader; or L. plantarum 22A-3, a strain that is able to utilize fructose but not inulin; or both in order to
prequalify inulin as a prebiotic agent in vivo. When L. delbrueckii TU-1 was co-cultured with
L. paracasei KTN-5 on fructose or inulin, the growth of L. delbrueckii TU-1 on inulin was
markedly higher than that of L. paracasei KTN-5, whereas the growth of L. delbrueckii TU-1 on
fructose was much lower than that of L. paracasei KTN-5. These results suggest that
L. delbrueckii TU-1 and L. paracasei KTN-5 were efficient at utilizing inulin and fructose,
respectively. When L. plantarum 22A-3 was co-cultured with L. delbrueckii TU-1 on inulin, the
growth of L. plantarum 22A-3 was enhanced by L. paracasei KTN-5 but not by
L. delbrueckii TU-1, suggesting that the fructose moiety that L. paracasei KTN-5 released
temporarily into the medium was “scavenged” by L. plantarum 22A-3. Thus, L. delbrueckii TU-1,
L. paracasei KTN-5, and L. plantarum 22A-3 were then cultured altogether on inulin. The growth
of L. delbrueckii TU-1 was unaffected but that of L. paracasei KTN-5 was markedly suppressed.
This evidence suggests that prebiotic use of inulin supported the selective growth of intracellular inulin degraders such as
L. delbrueckii rather than extracellular inulin degraders such as L. paracasei in the host
microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Takagi
- Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokko-dai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yuji Tsujikawa
- Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokko-dai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Ryohei Nomoto
- Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokko-dai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Ro Osawa
- Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokko-dai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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Takashima S, Iwata H, Sakata M, Osawa R, Nishie W, Shimizu H. Widespread erythema ab igne caused by hot bathing. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2014; 29:2259-61. [PMID: 24851715 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.12558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Takashima
- Department of Dermatology; Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine; Sapporo Japan
| | - H. Iwata
- Department of Dermatology; Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine; Sapporo Japan
| | - M. Sakata
- Department of Dermatology; Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine; Sapporo Japan
| | - R. Osawa
- Department of Dermatology; Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine; Sapporo Japan
| | - W. Nishie
- Department of Dermatology; Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine; Sapporo Japan
| | - H. Shimizu
- Department of Dermatology; Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine; Sapporo Japan
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38
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Ueda S, Nomoto R, Yoshida KI, Osawa R. Comparison of three tannases cloned from closely related lactobacillus species: L. Plantarum, L. Paraplantarum, and L. Pentosus. BMC Microbiol 2014; 14:87. [PMID: 24708557 PMCID: PMC4233993 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-14-87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tannase (tannin acyl hydrolase, EC 3.1.1.20) specifically catalyzes the hydrolysis of the galloyl ester bonds in hydrolyzable tannins to release gallic acid. The enzyme was found not only in fungal species but also many bacterial species including Lactobacillus plantarum, L. paraplantarum, and L. pentosus. Recently, we identified and expressed a tannase gene of L. plantarum, tanLpl, to show remarkable differences to characterized fungal tannases. However, little is known about genes responsible for tannase activities of L. paraplantarum and L. pentosus. We here identify the tannase genes (i.e. tanLpa and tanLpe) of the above lactobacilli species, and describe their molecular diversity among the strains as well as enzymological difference between species inclusive of L. plantarum. RESULTS The genes encoding tannase, designated tanLpa and tanLpe, were cloned from Lactobacillus paraplantarum NSO120 and Lactobacillus pentosus 21A-3, which shared 88% and 72% amino acid identity with TanLpl, cloned from Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 14917(T), respectively. These three enzymes could comprise a novel tannase subfamily of independent lineage, because no other tannases in the databases share significant sequence similarity with them. Each of tanLpl, tanLpa, and tanLpe was expressed in Bacillus subtilis RIK 1285 and recombinant enzymes were secreted and purified. The K(m) values of the enzymes on each galloyl ester were comparable; however, the k(cat)/K(m) values of TanLpa for EGCg, ECg, Cg, and GCg were markedly higher than those for TanLpl and TanLpe. Their enzymological properties were compared to reveal differences at least in substrate specificity. CONCLUSION Two tannase genes responsible for tannase activities of L. paraplantarum and L. pentosus were identified and characterized. TanLpl, TanLpa and TanLpe forming a phylogenetic cluster in the known bacterial tannase genes and had a limited diversity in each other. Their enzymological properties were compared to reveal differences at least in substrate specificity. This is the first comparative study of closely related bacterial tannases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryohei Nomoto
- Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokko-dai 1-1, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
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Segura M, Zheng H, Greeff AD, Gao GF, Grenier D, Jiang Y, Lu C, Maskell D, Oishi K, Okura M, Osawa R, Schultsz C, Schwerk C, Sekizaki T, Smith H, Srimanote P, Takamatsu D, Tang J, Tenenbaum T, Tharavichitkul P, Hoa NT, Valentin-Weigand P, Wells JM, Wertheim H, Zhu B, Gottschalk M, Xu J. Latest developments on Streptococcus suis: an emerging zoonotic pathogen: part 1. Future Microbiol 2014; 9:441-4. [DOI: 10.2217/fmb.14.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
First International Workshop on Streptococcus suis, Beijing, China, 12–13 August 2013 The first international workshop on Streptococcus suis, which is an important swine pathogen and emerging zoonotic agent, took place in Beijing, jointly organized by the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Canada and the National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC. The aim of the meeting was to gather together, for the first time, more than 80 researchers working on S. suis, from countries including China, Canada, Japan, The Netherlands, Germany, Thailand, the UK and Vietnam. This article, the first of a two-part report on this First International Workshop, reviews current aspects of the epidemiology and population genomics of S. suis, covers public health concerns and discusses questions about S. suis serotyping and molecular diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariela Segura
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Canada
| | - Han Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention & Control, National Institute for Communicable Diseases Control & Prevention, China CDC
| | | | - George F Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology & Immunology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Christian Schwerk
- University Children's Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | | | - Hilde Smith
- Central Veterinary Institute, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Jiaqi Tang
- Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, China
| | - Tobias Tenenbaum
- University Children's Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | | | - Ngo Thi Hoa
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | | | | | - Baoli Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology & Immunology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | | | - Jianguo Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention & Control, National Institute for Communicable Diseases Control & Prevention, China CDC
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Osawa K, Raharjo D, Wasito EB, Harijono S, Shigemura K, Osawa R, Sudarmo SM, Iijima Y, Shirakawa T. Frequency of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli among children in Surabaya, Indonesia. Jpn J Infect Dis 2014; 66:446-8. [PMID: 24047749 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.66.446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) is a major etiologic agent of childhood diarrhea in developing countries. We investigated the frequency of DEC in stool samples from 125 diarrheal children (age, 1-10 years) and 92 non-diarrheal children in Surabaya, Indonesia. The non-diarrheal children served as healthy controls. DEC was detected in 23 of 125 (18.4%) and 47 of 92 (51.1%) samples in the diarrheal and non-diarrheal children, respectively. Enteropathogenic E. coli was the most prevalent in the non-diarrheal children (25.0%), and its prevalence was significantly higher than that in the diarrheal children (0.8%) (P < 0.0001). Interestingly, Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (4.3%) was detected only in the non-diarrheal children (P = 0.031). This is the first study comparing between diarrheal children with non-diarrheal or healthy children to investigate the role of DEC in pediatric diarrheal diseases in Indonesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayo Osawa
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of International Health, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences
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Nomoto R, Tien LHT, Sekizaki T, Osawa R. Antimicrobial susceptibility of Streptococcus gallolyticus isolated from humans and animals. Jpn J Infect Dis 2014; 66:334-6. [PMID: 23883848 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.66.334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Susceptibilities to some antimicrobial agents and distribution of genes associated with resistance were examined in a total of 66 Streptococcus gallolyticus isolates and reference strains from various sources. All the tested bacteria were susceptible to vancomycin, penicillin G, and ampicillin. Most of the erythromycin-resistant isolates were observed in human clinical samples. Tetracycline and doxycycline resistance was prevalent in the isolates from human patients, diseased animals, and healthy broiler chickens, while the prevalence was significantly lower in the isolates from healthy mammals. All the isolates resistant to tetracycline possessed tet(M) and/or tet(L) and/or tet(O) genes. However, most isolates from healthy animals, which were susceptible to tetracycline, possessed the above-cited resistance genes, implying the potential ability for resistance under exposure to the corresponding antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryohei Nomoto
- Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
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Haga N, Nishie W, Hata H, Miyauchi T, Muramatsu K, Kitamura S, Osawa R, Shimizu H. Two cases of pseudolymphoma on the lips. Br J Dermatol 2014; 170:1204-6. [PMID: 24428492 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.12837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N Haga
- Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, N15W7 Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
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Abstract
A genotypic comparison using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), amplified ribosomal restriction analysis (ARDRA) as well as PCRs targeting virulence associated genes reported elsewhere in avian pathogenic Escherichia coli(APEC) was made between E. coli strains isolated from chickens with colibacillosis and those from the feces of apparently healthy chickens in Japan. The majority (67%) of clinical isolates belonged to a certain phylogenetic ARDRA but not PFGE cluster, with virulence-related genes carried by ColV plasmid being markedly prevalent. The result suggests that APEC strains originated from the same "ancestor" in the course of E. coli evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Kawano
- Department of Bioresource and Agrobiosciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
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Tokunaga A, Kawano M, Okura M, Iyoda S, Watanabe H, Osawa R. Identification of EnterohemorrhagicEscherichia coliO157-Specific DNA Sequence Obtained from Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis. Microbiol Immunol 2013; 51:883-8. [PMID: 17895605 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2007.tb03970.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An approximately 1.1 kbp fragment that was commonly observed only in the enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157 strains in an analysis of amplified fragment length polymorphism was found to be a partial gene sequence encoding the locus of toxB and a useful molecular marker for the identification of EHEC O157.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Tokunaga
- Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
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Tsujikawa Y, Nomoto R, Osawa R. Difference in Degradation Patterns on Inulin-type Fructans among Strains of Lactobacillus delbrueckii and Lactobacillus paracasei. Biosci Microbiota Food Health 2013; 32:157-65. [PMID: 24936375 PMCID: PMC4034334 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.32.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Lactobacillus delbrueckii strains were assessed for their degradation
patterns of various carbohydrates with specific reference to inulin-type fructans in
comparison with those of Lactobacillus paracasei strains. Firstly, growth
curves on glucose, fructose, sucrose and inulin-type fructans with increasing degrees of
fructose polymerization (i.e., 1-kestose, fructo-oligosaccharides and inulin) of the
strains were compared. L. paracasei DSM 20020 grew well on all these
sugars, while the growth rates of the 4 L. delbrueckii strains were
markedly higher on the fructans with a greater degree of polymerization than on fructose
and sucrose. Secondly, sugar compositions of spent cultures of the strains of L.
delbrueckii and L. paracasei grown in mMRS containing either
the fructans or inulin were determined by thin layer chromatography, in which the spent
cultures of L. paracasei DSM 20020 showed spots of short fructose and
sucrose fractions, whereas those of the L. delbrueckii strains did not
show such spots at all. These results suggest that, unlike the L.
paracasei strains, the L. delbrueckii strains do not degrade
the inulin-type fructans extracellularly, but transport the fructans capable of greater
polymerization preferentially into their cells to be degraded intracellularly for their
growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Tsujikawa
- Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokko-dai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Ryohei Nomoto
- Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokko-dai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Ro Osawa
- Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokko-dai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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Shibata Y, Tien LHT, Nomoto R, Osawa R. Development of a multilocus sequence typing scheme for Streptococcus gallolyticus. Microbiology (Reading) 2013; 160:113-122. [PMID: 24131946 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.071605-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus gallolyticus is often found as a member of the normal gut microflora in various animals. However, it has been reported to cause mastitis in cattle, septicaemia in pigeons, and meningitis, septicaemia and endocarditis in humans. However, little is known about the epidemiology and crucial virulence factors of S. gallolyticus. To help address these issues, we developed a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme for S. gallolyticus. Seven housekeeping gene fragments were sequenced from each of 58 S. gallolyticus isolates collected from diverse origins and sources. The MLST scheme had good discriminatory ability. The 63 strains, including the 5 whole genome sequenced strains examined, resolved into 57 sequence types (STs), with 52 STs represented by only a single strain. With respect to the identification of S. gallolyticus subspecies (i.e. S. gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus, S. gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus and S. gallolyticus subsp. macedonicus), the results of biochemical tests and DNA-DNA hybridization were in high concordance with those of the MLST scheme. The MLST scheme developed in this study may be a useful tool capable of replacing the conventional methods used for S. gallolyticus subspecies identification. The results of this study suggest that the biology and virulence of two pathogenic S. gallolyticus subspecies (i.e. S. gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus and S. gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus) are very different. The MLST scheme offers researchers a valuable typing tool that will promote further investigation of the epidemiology of S. gallolyticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Shibata
- Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokko-dai 1-1, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Le Hong Thuy Tien
- Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokko-dai 1-1, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Ryohei Nomoto
- Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokko-dai 1-1, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Ro Osawa
- Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokko-dai 1-1, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
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Osawa K, Shigemura K, Iguchi A, Shirai H, Imayama T, Seto K, Raharjo D, Fujisawa M, Osawa R, Shirakawa T. O-antigen chain length modulated by thewzzgene inEscherichia coliO157 influenced its sensitivities to serum complement. Microbiol Immunol 2013; 57:616-23. [DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Katsumi Shigemura
- Division of Urology, Department of Organs Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine; Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Atsushi Iguchi
- Interdisciplinary Research Organization; University of Miyazaki; Japan
| | - Hiroki Shirai
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of International Health; Kobe University Graduate School of Health Science; Kobe; Japan
| | - Toru Imayama
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of International Health; Kobe University Graduate School of Health Science; Kobe; Japan
| | - Kazuko Seto
- Division of Bacteriology; Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health; Osaka; Japan
| | | | - Masato Fujisawa
- Division of Urology, Department of Organs Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine; Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine
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Koguchi H, Ujiie H, Aoyagi S, Osawa R, Shimizu H. Characteristic findings of handprint and dermoscopy in reticulate acropigmentation of Kitamura. Clin Exp Dermatol 2013; 39:85-7. [PMID: 23746125 DOI: 10.1111/ced.12191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H Koguchi
- Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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Tien LHT, Nishibori T, Nishitani Y, Nomoto R, Osawa R. Reappraisal of the taxonomy of Streptococcus suis serotypes 20, 22, 26, and 33 based on DNA-DNA homology and sodA and recN phylogenies. Vet Microbiol 2012; 162:842-849. [PMID: 23245487 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Revised: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 11/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
To date, Streptococcus suis was divided into thirty-three serotypes based on its polysaccharide capsular antigens. Although 16S rRNA sequence similarities of serotypes 20, 22, 26, and 33 reference strains to the type strain NCTC 10234(T) were below the threshold value of 98.5% to assign them to S. suis species, no strong evidence support to reclassification. Here, their taxonomic identities were determined by DNA-DNA hybridization assays and by partial sequencing of the sodA and recN genes. Our results confirmed that the serotype 20, 22, 26, and 33 reference strains were distantly related to the type strain NCTC 10234(T) and the whole sequence strain P1/7 of S. suis. Moreover, the reference strains of serotypes 20, 22, and 26 were closely related to each other but distinct from the serotype 33 reference strain. Sequencing analyses of sodA and recN of a total 33 serotype reference strains showed that the serotype 20, 22, and 26 reference strains and the serotype 33 reference strain did not fall with not only other serotypes of S. suis, but also other streptococcal species (63 strains of 56 species for sodA and 87 strains of 55 species for recN). The evidence further substantiates the view that the reference strains of serotypes 20, 22, 26 and 33 should be taxonomically removed from S. suis, although their taxonomic designations and determinative phenotypic characteristics are yet to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Hong Thuy Tien
- Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokko-dai 1-1, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Nishibori
- Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokko-dai 1-1, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yosuke Nishitani
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokko-dai 1-1, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Ryohei Nomoto
- Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokko-dai 1-1, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Ro Osawa
- Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokko-dai 1-1, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
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Toyama K, Yonezawa A, Masuda S, Osawa R, Hosokawa M, Fujimoto S, Inagaki N, Inui K, Katsura T. Loss of multidrug and toxin extrusion 1 (MATE1) is associated with metformin-induced lactic acidosis. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 166:1183-91. [PMID: 22242910 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.01853.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS AND PURPOSE Lactic acidosis is a fatal adverse effect of metformin, but the risk factor remains unclear. Multidrug and toxin extrusion 1 (MATE1) is expressed in the luminal membrane of the kidney and liver. MATE1 was revealed to be responsible for the tubular and biliary secretion of metformin. Therefore, some MATE polymorphisms, that cause it to function abnormally, are hypothesized to induce lactic acidosis. The purpose of this study is to clarify the association between MATE dysfunction and metformin-induced lactic acidosis. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Blood lactate, pH and bicarbonate ion (HCO(3) (-) ) levels were evaluated during continuous administration of 3 mg·mL(-1) metformin in drinking water using Mate1 knockout (-/-), heterozygous (+/-) and wild-type (+/+) mice. To determine the tissue accumulation of metformin, mice were given 400 mg·kg(-1) metformin orally. Furthermore, blood lactate data were obtained from diabetic patients given metformin. KEY RESULTS Seven days after metformin administration in drinking water, significantly higher blood lactate, lower pH and HCO(3) (-) levels were observed in Mate1(-/-) mice, but not in Mate1(+/-) mice. The blood lactate levels were not affected in patients with the heterozygous MATE variant (MATE1-L125F, MATE1-G64D, MATE2-K-G211V). Sixty minutes after metformin administration (400 mg·kg(-1) , p.o.) the hepatic concentration of metformin was markedly higher in Mate1(-/-) mice than in Mate1(+/+) mice. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS MATE1 dysfunction caused a marked elevation in the metformin concentration in the liver and led to lactic acidosis, suggesting that the homozygous MATE1 variant could be one of the risk factors for metformin-induced lactic acidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Toyama
- Department of Pharmacy, Kyoto University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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