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Suba-Bokodi É, Nagy I, Molnár M. The Impact of Transportation on the Cortisol Level of Dwarf Rabbits Bred to Animal-Assisted Interventions. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:664. [PMID: 38473049 DOI: 10.3390/ani14050664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: the popularity of rabbits has increased during the last decade and become the third most common companion animal in the EU. Rabbits' participation in Animal-Assisted Interventions (AAIs) is growing. It is highly important to ensure the well-being of the animals in AAIs. Whereas the needs and the advantages of people involved in AAI are becoming more and more evident, the needs of animals are not clearly defined, therefore, it is a great field of inquiry. Animals who are used for AAI need to be transported regularly, which itself might be a source of stress. (2) Methods: the stress of rabbits-caused by transportation-was measured in a non-invasive way: cortisol levels were determined from feces, based on their breakdown products. Eighteen animals were involved in the study. Rabbits experienced a 30 min transportation every second day for two weeks (altogether six times) while 126 samples were collected. (3) Results: rabbits could handle the transportation procedure the first time but subsequently the stress hormone metabolites in feces samples increased regardless of the offered treatments (hay, carrot and apple) during the carriage. (4) Conclusions: those owners who use rabbits for Animal-Assisted Interventions need to take into account that transportation itself is a stressful experience for the animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éva Suba-Bokodi
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Kaposvár Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 40. Guba S. u., 7400 Kaposvár, Hungary
| | - István Nagy
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Kaposvár Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 40. Guba S. u., 7400 Kaposvár, Hungary
| | - Marcell Molnár
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Kaposvár Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 40. Guba S. u., 7400 Kaposvár, Hungary
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2
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Juul-Kristensen T, Keller JG, Borg KN, Hansen NY, Foldager A, Ladegaard R, Ho YP, Loeschcke V, Knudsen BR. Topoisomerase 1 Activity Is Reduced in Response to Thermal Stress in Fruit Flies and in Human HeLa Cells. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:950. [PMID: 37998125 PMCID: PMC10669382 DOI: 10.3390/bios13110950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
In the modern world with climate changes and increasing pollution, different types of stress are becoming an increasing challenge. Hence, the identification of reliable biomarkers of stress and accessible sensors to measure such biomarkers are attracting increasing attention. In the current study, we demonstrate that the activity, but not the expression, of the ubiquitous enzyme topoisomerase 1 (TOP1), as measured in crude cell extracts by the REEAD sensor system, is markedly reduced in response to thermal stress in both fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) and cultivated human cells. This effect was observed in response to both mild-to-moderate long-term heat stress and more severe short-term heat stress in D. melanogaster. In cultivated HeLa cells a reduced TOP1 activity was observed in response to both cold and heat stress. The reduced TOP1 activity appeared dependent on one or more cellular pathways since the activity of purified TOP1 was unaffected by the utilized stress temperatures. We demonstrate successful quantitative measurement of TOP1 activity using an easily accessible chemiluminescence readout for REEAD pointing towards a sensor system suitable for point-of-care assessment of stress responses based on TOP1 as a biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trine Juul-Kristensen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (T.J.-K.); (J.G.K.); (K.N.B.); (N.Y.H.); (A.F.); (R.L.)
| | - Josephine Geertsen Keller
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (T.J.-K.); (J.G.K.); (K.N.B.); (N.Y.H.); (A.F.); (R.L.)
| | - Kathrine Nygaard Borg
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (T.J.-K.); (J.G.K.); (K.N.B.); (N.Y.H.); (A.F.); (R.L.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China;
| | - Noriko Y. Hansen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (T.J.-K.); (J.G.K.); (K.N.B.); (N.Y.H.); (A.F.); (R.L.)
| | - Amalie Foldager
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (T.J.-K.); (J.G.K.); (K.N.B.); (N.Y.H.); (A.F.); (R.L.)
| | - Rasmus Ladegaard
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (T.J.-K.); (J.G.K.); (K.N.B.); (N.Y.H.); (A.F.); (R.L.)
| | - Yi-Ping Ho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China;
- Centre for Biomaterials, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Hong Kong Branch of CAS Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | - Birgitta R. Knudsen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (T.J.-K.); (J.G.K.); (K.N.B.); (N.Y.H.); (A.F.); (R.L.)
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Špiljak B, Vilibić M, Glavina A, Crnković M, Šešerko A, Lugović-Mihić L. A Review of Psychological Stress among Students and Its Assessment Using Salivary Biomarkers. Behav Sci (Basel) 2022; 12:bs12100400. [PMID: 36285968 PMCID: PMC9598334 DOI: 10.3390/bs12100400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous psychoneuroimmune factors participate in complex bodily reactions to psychological stress, and some of them can be easily and non-invasively measured in saliva (cortisol, alpha-amylase, proinflammatory cytokines). Cortisol plays a crucial role in the stress response; thus, stressful events (academic examinations, cardiac surgery, dental procedures) are accompanied by an increase in cortisol levels. (A correlation between cortisol blood levels and salivary values has already been confirmed, particularly during stress). Academic stress is defined as everyday stress among students that has an impact on aspects of their psychological and physiological well-being. For example, exams are considered one of the most acute stressful experiences for students. The strength of the association between academic self-efficacy, psychological stress, and anxiety depends on a variety of factors: the type of academic challenge (e.g., oral exam), the presence of an audience, etc. Higher stress levels were predominantly recorded among younger students, primarily regarding their academic tasks and concerns (grades, exams, competing with peers for grades, fear of failing the academic year, etc.). The measurement of stress levels during academic stress can improve our understanding of the character and influence of stressful events in populations of students, preventing adverse reactions to long-term stress, such as a decreased immune response and increased anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Špiljak
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Dermatovenerology, University Hospital Center Sestre Milosrdnice, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Vilibić
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Center Sestre Milosrdnice, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- School of Medicine, Catholic University of Croatia, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Glavina
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Dental Clinic Split, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Marija Crnković
- Center for Child and Youth Protection, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Šešerko
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Liborija Lugović-Mihić
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Dermatovenerology, University Hospital Center Sestre Milosrdnice, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-1-3787-422
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Acute Stress Response of Sheep to Shearing Procedures: Dynamic Change of Cortisol Concentration and Protein Electrophoretic Pattern. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12070862. [PMID: 35405852 PMCID: PMC8996932 DOI: 10.3390/ani12070862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed to investigate the influence of acute stress by shearing procedures on hematological parameters, serum cortisol concentration and serum protein electrophoretic pattern in Comisana sheep. A total of 20 not pregnant and not lactating adult ewes, aged 3−4 years old and with a mean bodyweight of 55.50 ± 3.50 kg, were enrolled in the study. From each animal, blood samples were collected before shearing (TPRE) and 5 (TPOST5) and 60 (TPOST60) minutes after the end of the shearing procedure in order to assess the values of hematological parameters, serum cortisol, total proteins and protein fractions, including albumin, α-, β1-, β2- and γ-globulins. According to statistical analysis results, albumin values were lower at TPOST60 than TPOST5 (p < 0.01), whereas α- and β2-globulins and the A/G ratio were higher at TPOST60 with respect to TPRE (p < 0.01) and TPOST5 (p < 0.01). A higher serum concentration of cortisol was found at TPOST5 and TPOST60 than TPRE (p < 0.01), and at TPOST60 than TPOST5 (p < 0.01). The serum cortisol values were negatively correlated with the serum values of albumin, β1-globulins and A/G ratio at TPOST60, and positively correlated with α- and β2-globulins at TPOST5 and TPOST60. The decrease in the albumin concentration and the increase in the α- and β2-globulins observed in ewes after shearing with respect to the baseline values suggests an acute phase response in shorn ewes. Additionally, the correlation found between the serum cortisol concentration and the serum protein fractions confirmed the immunomodulatory effect of this hormone, emphasizing the linkage between the endocrine and immune systems during an acute stress condition.
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Rubio CP, Escribano D, Mainau E, Cerón JJ, Navarro E, Manteca X. Changes in salivary biomarkers of oxidative status in calves at weaning and grouping. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:373. [PMID: 34863169 PMCID: PMC8642975 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-03087-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Saliva is being increasingly used as a sample for measuring biomarkers in several species and shows a high potential of use to detect and monitor stress. The weaning and grouping in dairy calves are a particularly stressful time. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to evaluate a panel of antioxidant and oxidant biomarkers in the saliva of calves on the day of weaning (W0), 2 days after weaning or milk withdrawal (W + 2), and 4 days after grouping (G + 4). In addition, to verify if cortisol and oxytocin concentrations are related to the biomarkers measured. RESULTS Salivary cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), ferric reducing ability of saliva (FRAS), Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), and ferrous oxidation-xylenol orange (FOX) were significantly higher (P < 0.02) 4 days after grouping than the day of weaning and 2 days after. The increases were 50 and 54% for CUPRAC, 93 and 116% for FRAS, 117 and 135% for TEAC, 22 and 49% for AOPP and 10 and 5% for FOX in comparison with weaning and 2 days after, respectively. In addition, oxytocin and cortisol showed significant negative and positive correlations (P < 0.05) respectively with the biomarkers of oxidative status. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that calves after grouping show increases in antioxidants and oxidants concentrations, indicating that a balance between these molecules has been tried to maintain during this stressful situation. The dynamic changes of biomarkers of oxidative status should be explored and characterised in other stressful conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Peres Rubio
- Department of Animal and Food Science, School of Veterinary Science, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Damián Escribano
- Department of Animal and Food Science, School of Veterinary Science, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Mainau
- Department of Animal and Food Science, School of Veterinary Science, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Joaquin Cerón
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Veterinary School, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Elena Navarro
- Department of Animal and Food Science, School of Veterinary Science, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Manteca
- Department of Animal and Food Science, School of Veterinary Science, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
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Habibu B, Emmanuel M, Yahaya A, Baba A, Yaqub L, Buhari H, Dzenda T, Kawu M. Adaptive performance of hairy thin-tailed (Yankasa) and wooly fat-tailed (Ossimi) sheep in tropical hot-dry season. Small Rumin Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2021.106541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Pehlivan E, Kaliber M, Konca Y, Dellal G. Effect of shearing on some physiological and hormonal parameters in Akkaraman sheep. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2020; 33:848-855. [PMID: 32054233 PMCID: PMC7206389 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.19.0400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective Shearing is one of the practices that is applied periodically to fiber producing animals, which can also alter resistance of animals to high temperatures in especially summer months. This study aimed to investigate effects of shearing on some physiological and hormonal parameters in Akkaraman sheep during summer season. Methods This study was carried out on 39 non-pregnant Akkaraman ewes (aged 1.5 years at the beginning of experiment). The 39 ewes were chosen randomly from the flock belonging to the Erciyes University and they were assigned to two groups as follows: i) group A (n = 20) designed as the control group, they were shorn and group B (n = 19) designed as the experimental group, they were unshorn. Prior to the shearing (−1 day) and on days 1, 7, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 following the shearing, blood samples were taken from the vena jugularis of each sheep. Cortisol, β-endorphin, growth hormone (GH), thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), and heat shock protein 70 (HSP-70) concentrations were determined using the enzyme immunoassay method. Body weight (BW), rectal temperature (RT), pulse rate (PR), and respiratory rate (RR) of each sheep were recorded at the same time. The data obtained were analyzed using two-way repeated measures analysis of variance. Results Statistical analysis showed a significant effect of shearing×period interaction (p< 0.01) and a significant effect of period (p<0.01) on BW, HSP-70, cortisol, T4 and RT, PR, GH, β-endorphin, T3, respectively. Also these analysis showed no significant effect of shearing× period interaction or period on RR. Conclusion The results showed that the thermoregulation abilities of sheep were affected by shearing treatment and the shorn ewes were less affected by heat stress. In conclusion, based on the data of this study, shearing can be considered as a necessary management practice that requires protection for sheep from the effect of heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erkan Pehlivan
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Ankara 06110, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Kaliber
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Konca
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
| | - Gürsel Dellal
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Ankara 06110, Turkey
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Aguilar LA, Collins T, Dunston-Clarke EJ, Wickham SL, Fleming PA, Barnes AL. Impact of shearing sheep on feeding and behaviour during the pre-embarkment feedlot phase of live export. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1071/an19238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Context
Shearing is a management procedure that can induce stress, and is one that sheep often undergo on-farm and/or at registered premises during the pre-embarkation phase of live export.
Aim
As inanition is one of the largest causes of death during sea transport and can result from sheep experiencing stress, whether shearing results in behavioural changes and stress before boarding a vessel needs to be determined.
Methods
A total of 600 merino wethers sourced from one farm were housed at registered pre-embarkment premises, where they were split between two adjacent pens. The wethers were further split into the six treatment groups (unshorn, and sheep shorn on Days 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) with 50 sheep per treatment, per pen. All wethers were fitted with radio frequency identification tags that were used to record animal presence at feed and water troughs, and coloured ear tags to visually identify their treatment group. Temperature and humidity sensors were placed on the outside of each pen to record environmental conditions throughout the 13-day study. Body condition scores for each wether were recorded at the beginning and end of the study. Four portable cameras were placed at a corner of each pen, allowing behaviour states (standing, lying or locomotion) of the wethers to be recorded on Days 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 13 of the study.
Key results
Shorn treatment groups were observed to spend more time standing (F5,5 = 6.63, P = 0.029) and less time lying (F23,23 = 2.48, P = 0.017). The control group spent more time at water troughs from Day 4 to 12 (F5,55 = 3.98, P < 0.01), whereas all groups were recorded as spending more time at the feed trough on Day 5 (F5,55 = 2.78, P < 0.001).
Conclusions
A lack of variation in behavioural states between the treatments and no change in time spent feeding throughout the study suggest that the procedure of shearing within the first 5 days at the pre-embarkation facility had no impact on behaviour of these sheep.
Implications
These results assist the industry in ensuring best management practices are implemented.
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Dhama K, Latheef SK, Dadar M, Samad HA, Munjal A, Khandia R, Karthik K, Tiwari R, Yatoo MI, Bhatt P, Chakraborty S, Singh KP, Iqbal HMN, Chaicumpa W, Joshi SK. Biomarkers in Stress Related Diseases/Disorders: Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Values. Front Mol Biosci 2019; 6:91. [PMID: 31750312 PMCID: PMC6843074 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2019.00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Various internal and external factors negatively affect the homeostatic equilibrium of organisms at the molecular to the whole-body level, inducing the so-called state of stress. Stress affects an organism's welfare status and induces energy-consuming mechanisms to combat the subsequent ill effects; thus, the individual may be immunocompromised, making them vulnerable to pathogens. The information presented here has been extensively reviewed, compiled, and analyzed from authenticated published resources available on Medline, PubMed, PubMed Central, Science Direct, and other scientific databases. Stress levels can be monitored by the quantitative and qualitative measurement of biomarkers. Potential markers of stress include thermal stress markers, such as heat shock proteins (HSPs), innate immune markers, such as Acute Phase Proteins (APPs), oxidative stress markers, and chemical secretions in the saliva and urine. In addition, stress biomarkers also play critical roles in the prognosis of stress-related diseases and disorders, and therapy guidance. Moreover, different components have been identified as potent mediators of cardiovascular, central nervous system, hepatic, and nephrological disorders, which can also be employed to evaluate these conditions precisely, but with stringent validation and specificity. Considerable scientific advances have been made in the detection, quantitation, and application of these biomarkers. The present review describes the current progress of identifying biomarkers, their prognostic, and therapeutic values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Shyma K. Latheef
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Maryam Dadar
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
| | - Hari Abdul Samad
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Ashok Munjal
- Department of Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, India
| | - Rekha Khandia
- Department of Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, India
| | - Kumaragurubaran Karthik
- Central University Laboratory, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, UP Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalay Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan, Mathura, India
| | - Mohd. Iqbal Yatoo
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Prakash Bhatt
- Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India
| | - Sandip Chakraborty
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Agartala, India
| | - Karam Pal Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Hafiz M. N. Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Wanpen Chaicumpa
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sunil Kumar Joshi
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
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Dhama K, Latheef SK, Dadar M, Samad HA, Munjal A, Khandia R, Karthik K, Tiwari R, Yatoo MI, Bhatt P, Chakraborty S, Singh KP, Iqbal HMN, Chaicumpa W, Joshi SK. Biomarkers in Stress Related Diseases/Disorders: Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Values. Front Mol Biosci 2019. [PMID: 31750312 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2019.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Various internal and external factors negatively affect the homeostatic equilibrium of organisms at the molecular to the whole-body level, inducing the so-called state of stress. Stress affects an organism's welfare status and induces energy-consuming mechanisms to combat the subsequent ill effects; thus, the individual may be immunocompromised, making them vulnerable to pathogens. The information presented here has been extensively reviewed, compiled, and analyzed from authenticated published resources available on Medline, PubMed, PubMed Central, Science Direct, and other scientific databases. Stress levels can be monitored by the quantitative and qualitative measurement of biomarkers. Potential markers of stress include thermal stress markers, such as heat shock proteins (HSPs), innate immune markers, such as Acute Phase Proteins (APPs), oxidative stress markers, and chemical secretions in the saliva and urine. In addition, stress biomarkers also play critical roles in the prognosis of stress-related diseases and disorders, and therapy guidance. Moreover, different components have been identified as potent mediators of cardiovascular, central nervous system, hepatic, and nephrological disorders, which can also be employed to evaluate these conditions precisely, but with stringent validation and specificity. Considerable scientific advances have been made in the detection, quantitation, and application of these biomarkers. The present review describes the current progress of identifying biomarkers, their prognostic, and therapeutic values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Shyma K Latheef
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Maryam Dadar
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
| | - Hari Abdul Samad
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Ashok Munjal
- Department of Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, India
| | - Rekha Khandia
- Department of Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, India
| | - Kumaragurubaran Karthik
- Central University Laboratory, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, UP Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalay Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan, Mathura, India
| | - Mohd Iqbal Yatoo
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Prakash Bhatt
- Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India
| | - Sandip Chakraborty
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Agartala, India
| | - Karam Pal Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Wanpen Chaicumpa
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sunil Kumar Joshi
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
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Rubio CP, Contreras-Aguilar MD, Quiles A, López-Arjona M, Cerón JJ, Martínez-Subiela S, Hevia ML, Escribano D, Tecles F. Biomarkers of oxidative stress in saliva of sheep: Analytical performance and changes after an experimentally induced stress. Res Vet Sci 2018; 123:71-76. [PMID: 30592995 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2018.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress can affect animal's health and the quality of its final products. The oxidative status can be evaluated by the measurement of both oxidant and antioxidant biomarkers. The use of saliva as a sample is preferable to blood, as individuals with limited training can collect it easily and non-invasively with minimal stress to the animal. The aim of this study was to perform an analytical validation of automated assays of the ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), the cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and uric acid as antioxidant biomarkers and of the advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as oxidant biomarkers in saliva samples of sheep, and to evaluate their possible changes after stress induced by shearing. All assays produced acceptable results in the analytical validation, from which it can be concluded that oxidative stress biomarkers such as FRAP, CUPRAC, TEAC, uric acid and AOPP and H2O2 can be measured in sheep saliva. In addition, acute stress due to shearing could produce an oxidative stress response in sheep and subsequently increase antioxidants in order to protect cells from damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Peres Rubio
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis of the University of Murcia (Interlab-UMU), Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Maria Dolores Contreras-Aguilar
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis of the University of Murcia (Interlab-UMU), Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Quiles
- Department of Animal Production, Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Marina López-Arjona
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis of the University of Murcia (Interlab-UMU), Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - José Joaquin Cerón
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis of the University of Murcia (Interlab-UMU), Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Silvia Martínez-Subiela
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis of the University of Murcia (Interlab-UMU), Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Maria Luisa Hevia
- Department of Animal Production, Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Damián Escribano
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis of the University of Murcia (Interlab-UMU), Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain; Department of Animal and Food Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Fernando Tecles
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis of the University of Murcia (Interlab-UMU), Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
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