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Park CH, Kuboniwa S, Murakami R, Shiwa N, Inoue S, Kimitsuki K, Gomez MRR, Espino MJM, Cabic AGB, Esposo SMC, Manalo DL. Immunohistochemical detection of virus antigen in the nasal planum of rabid dogs. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:1563-1569. [PMID: 34470975 PMCID: PMC8569877 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The rabies virus is one of the most neurotropic of all viruses infecting mammals. During the terminal phases of infection, the virus spreads to peripheral tissues, including the skin. The external skin of the nose, called the nasal planum, is a sensory organ where numerous nerve bundles and terminal nerves are distributed. Therefore, the nasal planum is expected to serve as a postmortem diagnostic material. However, the distribution of rabies virus antigens in the nasal planum in rabid animals has not yet been studied. In this study, the nasal planum was obtained from 45 rabid dogs. In all rabid dogs, the viral antigen was detected in the peripheral nerve tissues, Merkel cells, and squamous cells. The viral antigen in the epidermis exhibited three patterns: first, a diffuse positive pattern from the basal layer to the squamous layer; second, a reticular positive pattern along the cell membrane in the squamous layer; and third, a basal layer pattern of the epidermis. In the dermis, viral antigens were detected more often in lamellated corpuscles just beneath the rete pegs. These results suggest that the nasal planum could serve as a useful alternative source for postmortem diagnosis in rabies endemic countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ho Park
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, 23-35-1 Higashi, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
| | - Sayaka Kuboniwa
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, 23-35-1 Higashi, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
| | - Ryo Murakami
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, 23-35-1 Higashi, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
| | - Nozomi Shiwa
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Gakuen 4-7-1, Musashimurayama-shi, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Satoshi Inoue
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, 23-35-1 Higashi, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan.,National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Toyama 1-23-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640 Japan
| | - Kazunori Kimitsuki
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Oita 879-5593 Japan
| | - Ma Ricci R Gomez
- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa City1781, Philippines
| | | | | | | | - Daria L Manalo
- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa City1781, Philippines
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Shiwa N, Manalo DL, Boldbaatar B, Noguchi A, Inoue S, Park CH. Follicle-sinus complexes in muzzle skin of domestic and wild animals as diagnostic material for detection of rabies. J Vet Med Sci 2020; 82:1204-1208. [PMID: 32595191 PMCID: PMC7468069 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported a novel diagnostic method using follicle-sinus complexes (FSCs) in
the muzzle skin for postmortem diagnosis of rabies in dogs. However, whether this method
works in other animal species remains unclear. Here, FSCs were collected from a wolf, a
red fox, 2 bats, and a cat, and examined for the presence of viral antigen, viral mRNA,
and viral particles. Viral antigen and viral mRNA were confirmed in Merkel cells (MCs) in
FSCs of all species. Electron microscopy performed using only samples from wolf and cat
confirmed viral particles in MCs of FSCs. These results suggested that this novel
diagnostic method using FSCs might be useful for detection of rabies not only in domestic
but also wild animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomi Shiwa
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, 23-35-1, Higashi, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
| | - Daria Llenaresas Manalo
- Veterinary Research Department, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Department of Health, 9002 Research Drive, Filinvest Corporate City, Alabang, Muntinlupa City 1781, Philippines
| | - Bazartseren Boldbaatar
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Khan-Uul District, Zaisan, Ulaanbaatar 17024, Mongolia
| | - Akira Noguchi
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Toyama 1-23-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640 Japan
| | - Satoshi Inoue
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Toyama 1-23-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640 Japan
| | - Chun-Ho Park
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, 23-35-1, Higashi, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
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SHIWA N, YAMASHITA H, TOMIOKA K, KIMITSUKI K, MANALO DL, INOUE S, PARK CH. Statistical analysis of the usefulness of follicle-sinus complexes as a novel diagnostic material for canine rabies. J Vet Med Sci 2019; 81:182-185. [PMID: 30531131 PMCID: PMC6395215 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.18-0591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, follicle-sinus complexes (FSCs) were harvested from the muzzle skin of 123 dogs with suspected canine rabies, and the sensitivity and specificity of FSC analysis were compared with those of brain tissue immunohistochemistry analysis. In the FSCs, viral antigen was detected from Merkel cells. Sensitivity was 97.3%, specificity was 100%, and the coefficient κ was 0.88. These results reconfirm that FSCs are very useful for the postmortem diagnosis of canine rabies, and suggest that 5 FSCs can yield results that are almost equivalent to those derived from brain tissue analysis in rabid dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomi SHIWA
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary
Medicine, Kitasato University, 23-35-1, Higashi, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
| | - Hiroko YAMASHITA
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary
Medicine, Kitasato University, 23-35-1, Higashi, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
| | - Koki TOMIOKA
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary
Medicine, Kitasato University, 23-35-1, Higashi, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
| | - Kazunori KIMITSUKI
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita
University, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan
| | - Daria Llenaresas MANALO
- Veterinary Research Department, Research Institute for
Tropical Medicine, Department of Health, 9002 Research Drive, Filinvest Corporate City,
Alabang, Muntinlupa City 1781, Philippines
| | - Satoshi INOUE
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of
Infectious Diseases, Toyama 1-23-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Chun-Ho PARK
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary
Medicine, Kitasato University, 23-35-1, Higashi, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
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