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Arendt M, Stadler J, Ritzmann M, Ade J, Hoelzle K, Hoelzle LE. Hemotrophic Mycoplasmas-Vector Transmission in Livestock. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1278. [PMID: 39065047 PMCID: PMC11279228 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12071278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Hemotrophic mycoplasmas (HMs) are highly host-adapted and specialized pathogens infecting a wide range of mammals including farm animals, i.e., pigs, cattle, sheep, and goats. Although HMs have been known for over 90 years, we still do not know much about the natural transmission routes within herds. Recently, it has been repeatedly discussed in publications that arthropod vectors may play a role in the transmission of HMs from animal to animal. This is mainly since several HM species could be detected in different potential arthropod vectors by PCR. This review summarizes the available literature about the transmission of bovine, porcine, ovine, and caprine HM species by different hematophagous arthropod vectors. Since most studies are only based on the detection of HMs in potential vectors, there are rare data about the actual vector competence of arthropods. Furthermore, there is a need for additional studies to investigate, whether there are biological vectors in which HMs can multiply and be delivered to new hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Arendt
- Department of Livestock Infectiology and Environmental Hygiene, Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany; (M.A.); (J.A.); (K.H.)
| | - Julia Stadler
- Clinic for Swine, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany; (J.S.); (M.R.)
| | - Mathias Ritzmann
- Clinic for Swine, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany; (J.S.); (M.R.)
| | - Julia Ade
- Department of Livestock Infectiology and Environmental Hygiene, Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany; (M.A.); (J.A.); (K.H.)
| | - Katharina Hoelzle
- Department of Livestock Infectiology and Environmental Hygiene, Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany; (M.A.); (J.A.); (K.H.)
| | - Ludwig E. Hoelzle
- Department of Livestock Infectiology and Environmental Hygiene, Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany; (M.A.); (J.A.); (K.H.)
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Murugesan AC, Kumaragurubaran K, Gunasekaran K, Murugasamy SA, Arunachalam S, Annamalai R, Ragothaman V, Ramaswamy S. Molecular Detection of Hemoplasma in animals in Tamil Nadu, India and Hemoplasma genome analysis. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:955-968. [PMID: 38032521 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10263-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Hemoplasma are small pleomorphic wall-less Gram-positive bacteria that infect erythrocytes of various mammalian hosts. They generally cause asymptomatic or chronic anaemia but occasionally causes overt life-threatening hemolytic anaemia. In the present study, 316 cattle, 115 sheep, 61 goats and 6 buffalo blood samples were collected from various villages or organized farms located in nine districts of Tamil Nadu to detect the hemoplasma by PCR. Overall prevalence of 43.04%, 65.22%, and 44.26% hemoplasma DNA was observed in cattle, sheep and goats, respectively. In total, 21 hemoplasma positive samples were sequenced for 16S rRNA gene which revealed 8 Mycoplasma wenyonii, 11 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos' and one Mycoplasma ovis infection. Sheep blood samples from Chennai district were infected with 'Ca. M. haemobos' whereas sheep sample from Thiruvannamalai district was infected with M. wenyonii. At least 50% genes in the hemoplasma genomes were paralogous genes whose functions were not known. Only 'Ca. M. haemolamae' genome contained one primitive CRISPR system without any cas genes. Antimicrobial resistance genes (ARG) could not be identified in any of the hemoplasma genomes but homologous ARG were identified in all the genomes. Adhesion related gene EF-Tu was detected in all 14 hemoplasma genomes but enolase gene was detected only in 'Ca. M. haemohominis' SWG34-3 genome. This is the first report on the prevalence of hemoplasma infection in cattle, sheep and goat in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananda Chitra Murugesan
- Central University Laboratory, Centre for Animal Health Studies, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Madhavaram Milk Colony, Chennai, 600051, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Karthik Kumaragurubaran
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Udumalpet, 642126, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | | | | | - Raman Annamalai
- Animal Disease Intelligent Unit, Thiruvannamalai, 606601, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Sridhar Ramaswamy
- Central University Laboratory, Centre for Animal Health Studies, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Madhavaram Milk Colony, Chennai, 600051, Tamil Nadu, India
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Molecular Detection and Characterization of Hemoplasmas in the Pudu (Pudu puda), a Native Cervid from Chile. J Wildl Dis 2021; 58:8-14. [PMID: 34797910 DOI: 10.7589/jwd-d-21-00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Hemotropic mycoplasmas cause hemolytic anemia in a variety of wild and domestic mammals. Despite growing evidence about their widespread presence and genetic diversity in wildlife, their presence has never been investigated in Chilean artiodactyls. We aimed to describe the presence and diversity of hemoplasmas in pudus (Pudu puda), a small cervid native to Chile. Hemoplasma infection was assessed in blood samples from 43 wild and 33 captive pudus from central and southern Chile by direct sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. We detected hemoplasmas in 13%, with no statistical differences between wild (19%) and captive animals (6%). A sequence closely related to Mycoplasma ovis was present both in wild (14%) and captive (6%) pudus. Two previously undescribed sequences, classified in a clade including hemoplasmas from carnivores, were found in one wild pudu each. This study presents the first evidence of the presence of M. ovis-like organisms in Chile and of the susceptibility of pudus to infection with hemoplasmas. Further research is needed to understand the pathologic consequences of this pathogen for pudus, its effects at the population level, and their potential impact on the health small ruminants and other wildlife species in Chile.
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Galay RL, Llaneta CR, Monreal MKFB, Armero AL, Baluyut ABD, Regino CMF, Sandalo KAC, Divina BP, Talactac MR, Tapawan LP, Mojares MCL, Alvarez CR, Mago ER, Encarnacion ND, Andoh M, Tanaka T. Molecular Prevalence of Anaplasma marginale and Ehrlichia in Domestic Large Ruminants and Rhipicephalus ( Boophilus) microplus Ticks From Southern Luzon, Philippines. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:746705. [PMID: 34722706 PMCID: PMC8548686 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.746705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplasmosis and ehrlichiosis are tick-borne rickettsial diseases that cause significant economic losses in the livestock industry worldwide. Although bovine anaplasmosis is known to be endemic in the Philippines, epidemiological data is fragmented. Moreover, little is known about bovine ehrlichiosis in the country. In this study, the prevalence of Anaplasma marginale and Ehrlichia in cattle and water buffalo from provinces in the southern part of Luzon, Philippines, was investigated through PCR. Blood samples from 620 animals comprised of 512 cattle and 108 water buffalo and 195 tick samples were subjected to nested PCR targeting the groESL gene of Anaplasmataceae. Positive samples were further subjected to another nested PCR and conventional PCR to amplify the A. marginale groEL gene and the Ehrlichia dsbA gene, respectively. Selected A. marginale-positive samples were also subjected to nested PCR targeting the msp5 gene. Regardless of the animal host, the overall prevalence in blood samples obtained was 51.9% for Anaplasmataceae, 43% for A. marginale, and 1.1% for Ehrlichia. No water buffalo were positive for Ehrlichia. Meanwhile, 15.9, 6.7, and 2% of the tick samples, all morphologically identified as Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, were positive for Anaplasmataceae, A. marginale, and Ehrlichia, respectively. Sequence analysis of selected A. marginale msp5 amplicons showed that the isolates from the region share 94–98% identity to reported A. marginale from other countries. The phylogenetic tree showed clustering of isolates in the region and a close relationship with A. marginale isolates from other countries. Sequences of Ehrlichia amplicons from cattle and ticks were 97–100% similar to reported Ehrlichia minasensis isolates. This study showed the high prevalence of A. marginale in Luzon, Philippines, and provided the first molecular evidence of E. minasensis in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remil L Galay
- Department of Veterinary Paraclinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Los Baños, Philippines
| | - Carina R Llaneta
- Department of Veterinary Paraclinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Los Baños, Philippines
| | - Maria Karla Faye B Monreal
- Department of Veterinary Paraclinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Los Baños, Philippines
| | - Antero L Armero
- Department of Veterinary Paraclinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Los Baños, Philippines
| | - Arianne Bel D Baluyut
- Department of Veterinary Paraclinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Los Baños, Philippines.,Department of Agriculture Regional Field Office 3, San Fernando, Philippines
| | - Czarina Marie F Regino
- Department of Veterinary Paraclinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Los Baños, Philippines
| | - Kristina Andrea C Sandalo
- Department of Veterinary Paraclinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Los Baños, Philippines
| | - Billy P Divina
- Department of Veterinary Paraclinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Los Baños, Philippines
| | - Melbourne R Talactac
- Department of Clinical and Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Cavite State University, Indang, Philippines
| | - Lennox P Tapawan
- Department of Clinical and Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Cavite State University, Indang, Philippines
| | - Maarten Czar L Mojares
- Department of Clinical and Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Cavite State University, Indang, Philippines
| | - Cherry R Alvarez
- Department of Clinical and Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Cavite State University, Indang, Philippines
| | - Emmanuel R Mago
- Department of Clinical and Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Cavite State University, Indang, Philippines
| | - Noemi D Encarnacion
- Department of Clinical and Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Cavite State University, Indang, Philippines
| | - Masako Andoh
- Laboratory of Public Health, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Tanaka
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
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Byamukama B, Tumwebaze MA, Tayebwa DS, Byaruhanga J, Angwe MK, Li J, Galon EM, Liu M, Li Y, Ji S, Moumouni PFA, Ringo A, Lee SH, Vudriko P, Xuan X. First Molecular Detection and Characterization of Hemotropic Mycoplasma Species in Cattle and Goats from Uganda. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10091624. [PMID: 32927890 PMCID: PMC7552329 DOI: 10.3390/ani10091624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemoplasmas (hemotropic mycoplasmas) are small pleomorphic bacteria that parasitize the surface of red blood cells of several mammalian species including cattle, goats, and humans, causing infectious anemia. However, studies on hemoplasmas have been neglected and to date, there are no studies on bovine and caprine hemoplasmas in Uganda or the entire East African region. In this study, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay targeting the 16S rRNA gene was used to investigate the presence of hemoplasma in 409 samples (cattle = 208; goats = 201) collected from Kasese district, western Uganda. Results showed that 32.2% (67/208) of cattle samples and 43.8% (88/201) of goat samples were positive for hemoplasmas. Sequencing analysis identified Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos and Mycoplasma wenyonii in cattle, while Candidatus Mycoplasma erythrocervae and Mycoplasma ovis were identified in goats. Statistical analysis showed that goats were at a higher risk of infection with hemoplasmas compared with cattle. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first molecular evidence of hemoplasmas in bovine and caprine animals in Uganda and the entire east African region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedicto Byamukama
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan; (B.B.); (M.A.T.); (J.L.); (E.M.G.); (M.L.); (Y.L.); (S.J.); (P.F.A.M.); (A.R.)
- Research Center for Tropical Diseases and Vector Control, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, Makerere University, Kampala 7062, Uganda; (D.S.T.); (J.B.); (M.K.A.)
| | - Maria Agnes Tumwebaze
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan; (B.B.); (M.A.T.); (J.L.); (E.M.G.); (M.L.); (Y.L.); (S.J.); (P.F.A.M.); (A.R.)
- Research Center for Tropical Diseases and Vector Control, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, Makerere University, Kampala 7062, Uganda; (D.S.T.); (J.B.); (M.K.A.)
| | - Dickson Stuart Tayebwa
- Research Center for Tropical Diseases and Vector Control, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, Makerere University, Kampala 7062, Uganda; (D.S.T.); (J.B.); (M.K.A.)
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacy, Clinics & Comparative Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala 7062, Uganda
| | - Joseph Byaruhanga
- Research Center for Tropical Diseases and Vector Control, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, Makerere University, Kampala 7062, Uganda; (D.S.T.); (J.B.); (M.K.A.)
| | - Martin Kamilo Angwe
- Research Center for Tropical Diseases and Vector Control, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, Makerere University, Kampala 7062, Uganda; (D.S.T.); (J.B.); (M.K.A.)
| | - Jixu Li
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan; (B.B.); (M.A.T.); (J.L.); (E.M.G.); (M.L.); (Y.L.); (S.J.); (P.F.A.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Eloiza May Galon
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan; (B.B.); (M.A.T.); (J.L.); (E.M.G.); (M.L.); (Y.L.); (S.J.); (P.F.A.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Mingming Liu
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan; (B.B.); (M.A.T.); (J.L.); (E.M.G.); (M.L.); (Y.L.); (S.J.); (P.F.A.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Yongchang Li
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan; (B.B.); (M.A.T.); (J.L.); (E.M.G.); (M.L.); (Y.L.); (S.J.); (P.F.A.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Shengwei Ji
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan; (B.B.); (M.A.T.); (J.L.); (E.M.G.); (M.L.); (Y.L.); (S.J.); (P.F.A.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Paul Frank Adjou Moumouni
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan; (B.B.); (M.A.T.); (J.L.); (E.M.G.); (M.L.); (Y.L.); (S.J.); (P.F.A.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Aaron Ringo
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan; (B.B.); (M.A.T.); (J.L.); (E.M.G.); (M.L.); (Y.L.); (S.J.); (P.F.A.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Seung-Hun Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea;
| | - Patrick Vudriko
- Research Center for Tropical Diseases and Vector Control, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, Makerere University, Kampala 7062, Uganda; (D.S.T.); (J.B.); (M.K.A.)
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacy, Clinics & Comparative Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala 7062, Uganda
- Correspondence: (P.V.); (X.X.); Tel.: +256-774-948-082 (P.V.); +81-15-549-5648 (X.X.)
| | - Xuenan Xuan
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan; (B.B.); (M.A.T.); (J.L.); (E.M.G.); (M.L.); (Y.L.); (S.J.); (P.F.A.M.); (A.R.)
- Correspondence: (P.V.); (X.X.); Tel.: +256-774-948-082 (P.V.); +81-15-549-5648 (X.X.)
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Paul BT, Jesse FFA, Chung ELT, Che-Amat A, Mohd Lila MA, Hashi HA, Norsidin MJ. Review of clinical aspects, epidemiology and diagnosis of haemotropic Mycoplasma ovis in small ruminants: current status and future perspectives in tropics focusing on Malaysia. Trop Anim Health Prod 2020; 52:2829-2844. [PMID: 32712811 PMCID: PMC7382646 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-020-02357-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mycoplasma ovis (formerly Eperythrozoon ovis) is an epierythrocytic parasitic bacterium of small ruminants known as haemotropic mycoplasma, which is transmitted mechanically by biting flies and contaminated instruments. Acute mycoplasmosis causes severe haemolytic anaemia and mortality in young animals. At the same time, chronic disease may produce mild anaemia and varying degrees of morbidity depending on several factors, including age, reproductive status, the plane of nutrition, immunological status and the presence of concurrent infection. Haemotropic Mycoplasma ovis is currently recognised as an emerging zoonotic pathogen which is widely distributed in the sheep and goat producing areas of tropics and subtropics, where the disease is nearly endemic. Human infection has been reported in pregnant women, immunocompromised patients and people exposed to animals and arthropods. The current diagnosis of haemoplasma relies on microscopic evaluation of Giemsa-stained blood smear and PCR. Although there are few published reports on the incidence of haemotropic Mycoplasma ovis infection of small ruminants in Malaysia, information on its prevalence, risk factors, severity and economic impacts is grossly inadequate. Therefore, a large-scale survey of small ruminant flocks is necessary to elucidate the current seroprevalence status and molecular characteristics of haemotropic M. ovis infection in Malaysia using ELISA and PCR sequencing technologies. In the future, surveillance programs, including vector forecast, quarantine, monitoring by periodic surveys and public enlightenment, will limit the internal and transboundary spread of M. ovis, enhance control efforts and mitigate production losses in Malaysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bura Thlama Paul
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, 600230 Maiduguri, Borno, Nigeria
| | - Faez Firdaus Abdullah Jesse
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. .,Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Eric Lim Teik Chung
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Azlan Che-Amat
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Azmi Mohd Lila
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hamza Abdirahman Hashi
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Jefri Norsidin
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Elata A, Galon EM, Moumouni PFA, Ybanez RHD, Mossaad E, Salces CB, Bajenting GP, Ybanez AP, Xuan X, Inoue N, Suganuma K. First molecular detection and identification of Trypanosoma evansi in goats from Cebu, Philippines using a PCR-based assay. VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY- REGIONAL STUDIES AND REPORTS 2020; 21:100414. [PMID: 32862917 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2020.100414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The increasing number and severity of surra outbreaks in the Philippines led the government to consider it as the second most important disease of livestock in the country. It is one of the most economically important animal parasitic diseases and has been reported in several animal species, including water buffaloes, cattle, and horses in different regions of the Philippines. However, it has not yet been reported in Cebu, the usual gateway of livestock trade in the area that raises 6% of the 3.75 million goats in the country. In the current study, a PCR-based assay was conducted for the molecular detection and characterization of Trypanosoma evansi in goats in Cebu. A total of 251 goats were randomly sampled from four farms. DNA was extracted and ITS1-PCR was applied to detect different trypanosomes in goats. Eighty-five out of the 251 (33.9%) samples tested positive for T. evansi, two of which were also positive for T. theileri-like trypanosome. The detection rate of T. evansi was slightly higher in male goats (38.3%) than in females (32.5%), and in younger goats (34.5%) than in adults (33.5%). The findings, however, did not differ significantly to suggest any association between sex and age with T. evansi infection in goats. The detection of T. evansi and T. theileri-like trypanosome in goats was confirmed by sequence analysis of ITS1 region. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the molecular detection and identification of caprine T. evansi infection in Cebu, Philippines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afraa Elata
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum 13314, Sudan
| | - Eloiza May Galon
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Paul Franck Adjou Moumouni
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Rochelle Haidee D Ybanez
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Ehab Mossaad
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan; Department of Pathology, Parasitology and Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum, P.O. Box 204, Sudan
| | - Caro B Salces
- Philippine Carabao Center at Ubay Stock Farm, Lomangog, Ubay, Bohol 6315, Philippines
| | | | - Adrian P Ybanez
- Philippine Carabao Center at Ubay Stock Farm, Lomangog, Ubay, Bohol 6315, Philippines; Institute of Molecular Parasitology and Protozoan Diseases at Main Campus and College of Veterinary Medicine at Barili Campus, Cebu Technological University, Cebu City, Philippines
| | - Xuenan Xuan
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Noboru Inoue
- Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Keisuke Suganuma
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan; Research Center for Global Agromedicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan.
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Galon EMS, YbaÑez RHD, Adjou Moumouni PF, Tumwebaze MA, Fabon RJA, Callanta MRR, Labutong KJE, Salazar GB, Liu M, Li J, Byamukama B, Li Y, Ji S, Lee SH, YbaÑez AP, Claveria FG, Xuan X. Molecular survey of tick-borne pathogens infecting backyard cattle and water buffaloes in Quezon province, Philippines. J Vet Med Sci 2020; 82:886-890. [PMID: 32418944 PMCID: PMC7399310 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tick-borne diseases (TBD) cause enormous losses for farmers. Backyard raising comprises majority of the livestock population in the Philippines, but TBD information in backyard
livestock is scarce. In this study, 48 cattle and 114 water buffalo samples from Quezon province, Philippines were molecularly screened for tick-borne pathogens. Anaplasma
marginale (16.67%) and hemoplasma (20.99%) were detected in the samples. A. marginale infection (P=0.0001) was significantly higher in
cattle, while hemoplasma infection (P=0.011) was significantly higher in water buffaloes. A. marginale isolates from this study were highly
similar to previous isolates from the Philippines while Mycoplasma wenyonii and Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos were the identified hemoplasma
species. Our findings reveal additional information on the TBD situation of Philippine backyard livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloiza May S Galon
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Rochelle Haidee D YbaÑez
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Paul Franck Adjou Moumouni
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Maria Agnes Tumwebaze
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Ralph Joselle A Fabon
- Regional Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Agriculture Regional Field Office IV-A, Marawoy, Lipa City 4217, Batangas, Philippines
| | - Mary Ruth R Callanta
- Regional Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Agriculture Regional Field Office IV-A, Marawoy, Lipa City 4217, Batangas, Philippines
| | - Kim Joseph E Labutong
- Regional Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Agriculture Regional Field Office IV-A, Marawoy, Lipa City 4217, Batangas, Philippines
| | - Gloria B Salazar
- Regional Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Agriculture Regional Field Office IV-A, Marawoy, Lipa City 4217, Batangas, Philippines
| | - Mingming Liu
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Jixu Li
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Benedicto Byamukama
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Yongchang Li
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Shengwei Ji
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Seung-Hun Lee
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Adrian P YbaÑez
- Institute of Molecular Parasitology and Protozoan Diseases at Main Campus and College of Veterinary Medicine at Barili Campus, Cebu Technological University, Cebu City 6000, Cebu, Philippines
| | - Florencia G Claveria
- Biology Department, College of Science, De La Salle University, Taft Avenue, Manila 1004, Philippines
| | - Xuenan Xuan
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
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