1
|
Hamada R, Fereig RM, Metwally S. The influence of risk factors on bovine leukemia virus infection and proviral load in egyptian cattle. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:191-202. [PMID: 37610507 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10198-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is the etiological agent of enzootic bovine leucosis (EBL), which affects cattle globally. In Egypt, BLV control strategies have been ignored because of the shortage of BLV research studies and the silent infection in most animals. This study aimed to identify the risk factors associated with the prevalence of BLV among dairy and beef cattle from six different geographic and climatic provinces in Egypt. Additionally, risk factors affecting the BLV proviral load (PVL) among the positive cattle were targeted. The total BLV prevalence in cattle from six investigated Egyptian provinces was 24.2% (105/433), while the mean PVL (8651.6 copies /105 white blood cells) was absolutely high as estimated by the BLV-CoCoMo-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)-2 assay. Analysis of the influence of risk factors (age, sex, breed, production type, farm size, and location) on BLV prevalence indicated that the Holstein breed (OR = 1.582, p = 0.007), beef cattle (OR = 1.088, p = 0.0001), large-size farms (OR = 1.26, p = 0.0001), and cattle from Damietta (OR = 1.43, p = 0.0001) and Cairo (OR = 1.16, p = 0.0001) were ultimately proven the most important risks for BLV infection. The risk factors were analyzed considering the BLV PVL levels in the BLV-positive cases. Significantly high PVL (HPVL) levels were observed in cattle > 5 years old (p < 0.0001), females (p = 0.0008), Holstein (p < 0.0001), dairy cows (p = 0.0053), large-size farms (p < 0.0001), and cattle from Damietta (p < 0.0001) compared to other categories. Contrary, no significant differences in PVL levels were reported between the Native and Mixed cattle breeds (p = 0.13). Ultimately, the logistic regression model indicated that the probability of carrying HPVL in cattle > 5 years is 1.27 (95% CI: 1.03-2.09, p < 0.001) times more likely compared to cattle < 2 years old. In conclusion, the findings were valuably correlating the BLV prevalence with PVL as an indicator of the risk of BLV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rania Hamada
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, 22511, Damanhour, Egypt.
| | - Ragab M Fereig
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, 83523, Qena City, Qena, Egypt
| | - Samy Metwally
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, 22511, Damanhour, Egypt.
- Laboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8657, Tokyo, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hamada R, Metwally S, Matsuura R, Borjigin L, Lo CW, Ali AO, Mohamed AEA, Wada S, Aida Y. BoLA-DRB3 Polymorphism Associated with Bovine Leukemia Virus Infection and Proviral Load in Holstein Cattle in Egypt. Pathogens 2023; 12:1451. [PMID: 38133334 PMCID: PMC10746042 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12121451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is the etiological agent of enzootic bovine leukosis, the most prevalent neoplastic disease of cattle worldwide. The immune response to BLV and disease susceptibility and resistance in cattle are strongly correlated with the bovine leukocyte antigen (BoLA)-DRB3 allelic polymorphism. BLV infection continues to spread in Egypt, in part because the relationships between BLV infection, proviral load in Egypt, and BoLA-DRB3 polymorphism are unknown. Here, we identified 18 previously reported alleles in 121 Holstein cows using a polymerase chain reaction sequence-based typing method. Furthermore, BoLA-DRB3 gene polymorphisms in these animals were investigated for their influence on viral infection. BoLA-DRB3*015:01 and BoLA-DRB3*010:01 were identified as susceptible and resistant alleles, respectively, for BLV infection in the tested Holsteins. In addition, BoLA-DRB3*012:01 was associated with low PVL in previous reports but high PVL in Holstein cattle in Egypt. This study is the first to demonstrate that the BoLA-DRB3 polymorphism confers resistance and susceptibility to PVL and infections of BLV in Holstein cattle in Egypt. Our results can be useful for the disease control and eradication of BLV through genetic selection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rania Hamada
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; (R.H.); (S.M.); (R.M.); (L.B.); (C.-W.L.)
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour City 22511, Egypt
| | - Samy Metwally
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; (R.H.); (S.M.); (R.M.); (L.B.); (C.-W.L.)
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour City 22511, Egypt
| | - Ryosuke Matsuura
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; (R.H.); (S.M.); (R.M.); (L.B.); (C.-W.L.)
- Laboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Liushiqi Borjigin
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; (R.H.); (S.M.); (R.M.); (L.B.); (C.-W.L.)
| | - Chieh-Wen Lo
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; (R.H.); (S.M.); (R.M.); (L.B.); (C.-W.L.)
- Laboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Alsagher O. Ali
- Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena City 83523, Egypt; (A.O.A.); (A.E.A.M.)
| | - Adel E. A. Mohamed
- Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena City 83523, Egypt; (A.O.A.); (A.E.A.M.)
| | - Satoshi Wada
- Photonics Control Technology Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan;
| | - Yoko Aida
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; (R.H.); (S.M.); (R.M.); (L.B.); (C.-W.L.)
- Laboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bai L, Soya M, Ichikawa M, Matsuura R, Arimura Y, Wada S, Aida Y. Antigenicity of subregions of recombinant bovine leukemia virus (BLV) glycoprotein gp51 for antibody detection. J Virol Methods 2023; 311:114644. [PMID: 36332713 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2022.114644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is an enveloped virus, found worldwide that can infect cattle and induce many subclinical symptoms and malignant tumors. BLV infection causes severe economic losses in the cattle industry. The identification of BLV-infected cattle for segregation or elimination would be the most effective way to halt the spread of BLV infection on farms, owing to the lack of effective treatments and vaccines. Therefore, antibody detection against the viral glycoprotein gp51 is an effective method for diagnosing BLV-infected animals. In this study, ten different subregions of gp51 containing a common B cell epitope are vital for developing antigens as epitope-driven vaccine design and immunological assays. Such antigens were produced in Escherichia coli expression system to react with antibodies in the serum from BLV-infected cattle and compete for antigenicity. Recombinant His-gp5156-110 and gp5133-301(full) had the same sensitivity in BLV-positive sera, indicating that antibodies responded to the limited subregion of viral gp51, a common B cell epitope. This finding provides significant information for antigen selection in BLV to use in antibody detection assays. Further studies are needed to evaluate the antigenicity of His-gp5156-110 and gp5133-301(full) as antigens for antibody detection assays using a larger number of bovine serum samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Bai
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan; Photonics Control Technology Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan; Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 0208551, Japan
| | - Mariko Soya
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan; Laboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 1138657, Japan
| | - Minori Ichikawa
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan; Host Defense for Animals. Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Tokyo 1808602, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Matsuura
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan; Photonics Control Technology Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan; Laboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 1138657, Japan
| | - Yutaka Arimura
- Host Defense for Animals. Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Tokyo 1808602, Japan
| | - Satoshi Wada
- Photonics Control Technology Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan
| | - Yoko Aida
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan; Photonics Control Technology Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan; Laboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 1138657, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nakatsuchi A, Bao A, Watanuki S, Matsuura R, Borjigin L, Bai L, Kuroda M, Matsumoto Y, Kohara J, Aida Y. Anti-BLV antibodies in whey correlate with bovine leukemia virus disease progression and BoLA-DRB3 polymorphism. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1038101. [PMID: 36504869 PMCID: PMC9732667 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1038101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) belongs to the family Retroviridae and is a causative agent for enzootic bovine leucosis, the most common neoplastic disease affecting cattle worldwide. BLV proviral load (PVL) is associated with disease progression and transmission risk but requires blood collection and quantitative PCR testing. Anti-BLV antibodies in whey have been used as a diagnostic tool for BLV infection; however, quantitative utilization has not been fully investigated. Furthermore, bovine leukocyte antigen (BoLA)-DRB3 is a polymorphic gene associated with BLV infectivity and PVL, but its effect on anti-BLV antibody levels in whey from BLV infected dams is unknown. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether it is possible to correctly predict PVL in the blood and milk based on the amount of anti-BLV antibodies in milk, and whether the BoLA-DRB3 alleles associate with the amount of anti-BLV antibodies in milk. Methods We examined whey from 442 dams from 11 different dairy farms located in 6 prefectures in Japan, including susceptible dams carrying at least one BoLA-DRB3* 012:01 or * 015:01 allele related with high PVL, resistant dams carrying at least one BoLA-DRB3 * 002:01, * 009:02, or * 014:01:01 allele related with low PVL, and neutral dams carrying other alleles. Results First, our results provided compelling evidence that anti-BLV antibody levels in whey were positively correlated with the anti-BLV antibody levels in serum and with BLV PVL in blood and milk, indicating the possibility of estimating BLV PVL in blood and milk by measuring anti-BLV antibody levels in whey. Thus, our results showed that antibody titers in milk might be effective for estimating BLV transmission risk and disease progression in the field. Second, we demonstrated that anti-BLV antibody levels in whey from BLV resistant dams were significantly lower than those from susceptible and neutral dams. Discussion This is the first report suggesting that the BoLA-DRB3 polymorphism affects anti-BLV antibody levels in whey from BLV-infected dams. Taken together, our results suggested that anti-BLV antibody levels in whey, measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, may be a useful marker to diagnose the risk of BLV infection and estimate PVL in blood and milk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Nakatsuchi
- Institute of Animal Health, JA Zen-Noh (National Federation of Agricultural Cooperative Associations), Sakura, Japan,Laboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan,Laboratory of Global Animal Resource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aronggaowa Bao
- Laboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sonoko Watanuki
- Laboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Matsuura
- Laboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Lanlan Bai
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, Wako, Japan
| | - Maho Kuroda
- Institute of Animal Health, JA Zen-Noh (National Federation of Agricultural Cooperative Associations), Sakura, Japan
| | - Yasunobu Matsumoto
- Laboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan,Laboratory of Global Animal Resource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junko Kohara
- Agriculture Research Department, Animal Research Center, Hokkaido Research Organization, Shintoku, Japan,Junko Kohara
| | - Yoko Aida
- Laboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan,Laboratory of Global Animal Resource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan,Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, Wako, Japan,*Correspondence: Yoko Aida
| |
Collapse
|