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Warken AC, Lopes LS, Bottari NB, Glombowsky P, Galli GM, Morsch VM, Schetinger MRC, Silva ASDA. Mineral supplementation stimulates the immune system and antioxidant responses of dairy cows and reduces somatic cell counts in milk. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2018; 90:1649-1658. [PMID: 29898113 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201820170524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the use of subcutaneous mineral supplementation would affect metabolic parameters, immunological response, milk quality and composition of dairy cows in the postpartum period. Twelve pregnant primiparous Holstein cows, were divided into two groups: six animals supplemented with the mineral complex (magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, selenium and copper), and six animals used as controls. Milk samples were collected every two other weeks postpartum up to sixty days of lactation to analyze composition and quality. Blood samples were collected, and the levels of ketone bodies, total proteins, glucose, albumin, and globulin were measured. The catalase and superoxide enzymes, reactive oxygen species, tumor necrosis factor, and interleukins were determined. Animals supplemented with minerals showed lower levels of ketone bodies and somatic cell counts on days 30, 45 and 60 of the experiment, without changes in milk composition compared to the control group. Supplemented cows had lower levels reactive oxygen species and increased superoxide enzymes activity. Total protein, globulin and cytokine levels were higher in cows supplemented with mineral complexes. Therefore, we can conclude that subcutaneous mineral supplementation improved the immune response and minimized the oxidative stress in dairy cows during lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda C Warken
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina /UDESC, Rua Beloni Trombeta Zanin, 680E, Santo Antônio, 89815-630 Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Leandro S Lopes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina /UDESC, Rua Beloni Trombeta Zanin, 680E, Santo Antônio, 89815-630 Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Nathieli B Bottari
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria/UFSM, Av. Roraima, 1000, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Glombowsky
- Departamento de Zootecnia/ UDESC, Rua Beloni Trombeta Zanin, 680E, Santo Antônio, 89815-630 Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Gabriela M Galli
- Departamento de Zootecnia/ UDESC, Rua Beloni Trombeta Zanin, 680E, Santo Antônio, 89815-630 Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Vera M Morsch
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria/UFSM, Av. Roraima, 1000, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Rosa C Schetinger
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria/UFSM, Av. Roraima, 1000, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Aleksandro S DA Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina /UDESC, Rua Beloni Trombeta Zanin, 680E, Santo Antônio, 89815-630 Chapecó, SC, Brazil
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Albenzio M, Santillo A, Caroprese M, Ciliberti M, Marino R, Sevi A. Effect of stage of lactation on the immune competence of goat mammary gland. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:3889-3895. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-10520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Boro P, Kumaresan A, Pathak R, Patbandha T, Kumari S, Yadav A, Manimaran A, Baithalu R, Attupuram NM, Mohanty T. Alteration in peripheral blood concentration of certain pro-inflammatory cytokines in cows developing retention of fetal membranes. Anim Reprod Sci 2015; 157:11-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2015.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Zhang W, Zhang R, Wang T, Jiang H, Guo M, Zhou E, Sun Y, Yang Z, Xu S, Cao Y, Zhang N. Selenium Inhibits LPS-Induced Pro-inflammatory Gene Expression by Modulating MAPK and NF-κB Signaling Pathways in Mouse Mammary Epithelial Cells in Primary Culture. Inflammation 2013; 37:478-85. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-013-9761-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Trigo G, Dinis M, França Â, Bonifácio Andrade E, Gil da Costa RM, Ferreira P, Tavares D. Leukocyte populations and cytokine expression in the mammary gland in a mouse model of Streptococcus agalactiae mastitis. J Med Microbiol 2009; 58:951-958. [PMID: 19498204 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.007385-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus agalactiae is a contagious, mastitis-causing pathogen that is highly adapted to survive in the bovine mammary gland. This study used a BALB/c mouse model of Streptococcus agalactiae mastitis to evaluate leukocyte populations in regional lymph nodes and cytokine expression in the mammary gland involved in the immune response against Streptococcus agalactiae. It was found that the bacteria replicated efficiently in the mammary gland, peaking after 24 h and increasing by 100-fold. Dissemination of bacteria to systemic organs was observed 6 h after infection. At the same time, a massive infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells and an increase in the inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha were detected in mammary glands, indicating an early inflammatory response. A decrease in the levels of inflammatory cytokines in mammary glands was observed 72 h after infection, accompanied by an increase in the levels of IL-12 and IL-10, which were related to a gradual decrease in bacterial load. An increase in the number of macrophages and B220(+) lymphocytes and similar increases in both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in regional lymph nodes were observed, being most pronounced 5 days after infection. Moreover, increased levels of anti-Streptococcus agalactiae antibodies in the mammary gland were observed 10 days after infection. Overall, these data suggest that the host exhibits both innate and acquired immune responses in response to Streptococcus agalactiae mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Trigo
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Márcia Dinis
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ângela França
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Elva Bonifácio Andrade
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui M Gil da Costa
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Ferreira
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Delfina Tavares
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Abstract
Mastitis is not only a major cause of economic losses to the dairy industry but also a major problem in ensuring the quality and safety of the milk, associated with high somatic cell counts and residues of antibiotics used for treatment. One innovative approach to protection against mastitis is to stimulate the animal's natural defense mechanisms. Technological advances in immunological research have increased our ability to exploit the immunity of the bovine mammary gland during periods of high susceptibility to disease. The trace element selenium affects the innate and the adaptive immune responses of the mammary gland through cellular and humoral activities. Substantial research has been carried out on the effect of selenium (Se) on the immune function of the mammary gland and subsequent improvement in bovine udder health and mastitis control. Levels higher than current recommendations and Se-yeast can potentially be used to enhance our capacity to modulate the physiological mechanisms of the bovine mammary gland to respond to infection. This article provides an overview of the most recent research in this field.
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Oviedo-Boyso J, Valdez-Alarcón JJ, Cajero-Juárez M, Ochoa-Zarzosa A, López-Meza JE, Bravo-Patiño A, Baizabal-Aguirre VM. Innate immune response of bovine mammary gland to pathogenic bacteria responsible for mastitis. J Infect 2007; 54:399-409. [PMID: 16882453 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2006.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2006] [Revised: 05/26/2006] [Accepted: 06/15/2006] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Mastitis (mammary gland inflammation) is one of the most important bovine diseases causing economic losses to dairy producers. Mammary gland inflammation is a consequence of the activity of a number of cell and soluble factors that function together to eliminate invading microorganisms. The factors involved in this inflammatory response differ depending on the infectious agent. This review analyzes the factors involved in the immunologic mechanisms against the main pathogenic bacteria causing mastitis, and emphasizes the innate immune response of the mammary gland. Knowledge, at the molecular level, of the mammary gland immune response during infection by pathogenic bacteria is fundamental to the design of effective therapies to control and eradicate bovine mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Oviedo-Boyso
- Centro Multidisciplinario de Estudios en Biotecnología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Apdo. Postal 53, Administración Chapultepec, C.P. 58262 Morelia, Michoacán, México
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Alluwaimi AM. The cytokines of bovine mammary gland: prospects for diagnosis and therapy. Res Vet Sci 2004; 77:211-22. [PMID: 15276772 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2004.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/09/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The lack of efficacy of conventional strategies for the maintenance of healthy udders in domestic cattle has prompted studies on the use of cytokines for this purpose. The adjuvant use of recombinant bovine cytokines, such as IL-2, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha, in normal mammary gland, mobilizes innate and acquired immunity. However, stimulated immunity does not prevent or eradicate infection, particularly in the case of Staphylococcus aureus mastitis. Cytokines do, however, improve the bactericidal efficiency of certain antibiotics. The subtle and sensitive changes in the cytokine network of normal and mastitic bovine mammary gland may encourage the use of cytokines in the diagnosis and prognosis of udder health. Numerous studies support this hypothesis, and detection and monitoring of cytokines could become an important alternative management for udder health. The use of cytokines in the immunotherapy, diagnosis and prognosis of mastitis will grow with knowledge of the cytokine network in bovine mammary glands and the development of efficient cytokine diagnostic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Alluwaimi
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, King Faisal University, PO Box 35252, Al-Alhsaa 31982, Saudi Arabia.
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Yamanaka H, Hagiwara K, Kirisawa R, Iwai H. Transient detection of proinflammatory cytokines in sera of colostrum-fed newborn calves. J Vet Med Sci 2003; 65:813-6. [PMID: 12939511 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.65.813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To obtain basic information on the state of proinflammatory cytokines in newborn calves, we determined the kinetics of 5 cytokines (IL-1beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma and IL-1 receptor antagonist) in sera of newborns during the first 4 weeks of life. At birth, none of the 5 cytokines were detected in almost all serum samples, but the cytokines became detectable within 12 hr after being fed colostram. The mean concentrations of the cytokines reached peak levels by 24 hr and then gradually decreased and became undetectable by 4 weeks after birth. Cytokine mRNA expressions in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of newborns were observed without reference to the cytokine concentrations in sera. Serum cytokines detected in newborn calves are probably colostral origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoki Yamanaka
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
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Hisaeda K, Hagiwara K, Eguchi J, Yamanaka H, Kirisawa R, Iwai H. Interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels in sera and whey of cattle with naturally occurring coliform mastitis. J Vet Med Sci 2001; 63:1009-11. [PMID: 11642269 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.63.1009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Concentrations of interferon-gamma (lFN-gamma) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were determined in serum and whey samples from cattle with naturally occurring coliform mastitis for two weeks after onset using bovine INF-gamma and TNF-alpha-specific ELISA. In serum and whey samples from healthy cows. IFN-gamma was almost undetectable and TNF-alpha was detected at low levels. At the onset of illness, INF-gamma in sera and whey and TNF-alpha in whey from the mastitic cows were significantly higher than their respective values in healthy cows. Concentrations of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha in whey from mastitic cattle decreased significantly as the cows recovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hisaeda
- Doi Veterinary Clinic Center, Ehime Prefectural Federation of Agricultural Mutual Aid Association, Japan
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