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Taoto C, Tangsrisakda N, Thukhammee W, Phetcharaburanin J, Iamsaard S, Tanphaichitr N. Rats Orally Administered with Ethyl Alcohol for a Prolonged Time Show Histopathology of the Epididymis and Seminal Vesicle Together with Changes in the Luminal Metabolite Composition. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1010. [PMID: 38790972 PMCID: PMC11117629 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12051010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Prolonged ethanol (EtOH) consumption is associated with male infertility, with a decreased spermatogenesis rate as one cause. The defective maturation and development of sperm during their storage in the cauda epididymis and transit in the seminal vesicle can be another cause, possibly occurring before the drastic spermatogenesis disruption. Herein, we demonstrated that the cauda epididymis and seminal vesicle of rats, orally administered with EtOH under a regimen in which spermatogenesis was still ongoing, showed histological damage, including lesions, a decreased height of the epithelial cells and increased collagen fibers in the muscle layer, which implicated fibrosis. Lipid peroxidation (shown by malondialdehyde (MDA) levels) was observed, indicating that reactive oxygen species (ROS) were produced along with acetaldehyde during EtOH metabolism by CYP2E1. MDA, acetaldehyde and other lipid peroxidation products could further damage cellular components of the cauda epididymis and seminal vesicle, and this was supported by increased apoptosis (shown by a TUNEL assay and caspase 9/caspase 3 expression) in these two tissues of EtOH-treated rats. Consequently, the functionality of the cauda epididymis and seminal vesicle in EtOH-treated rats was impaired, as demonstrated by a decreases in 1H NMR-analyzed metabolites (e.g., carnitine, fructose), which were important for sperm development, metabolism and survival in their lumen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chayakorn Taoto
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (C.T.); (N.T.)
| | - Nareelak Tangsrisakda
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (C.T.); (N.T.)
| | - Wipawee Thukhammee
- Research Institute for Human High Performance and Health Promotion, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
| | - Jutarop Phetcharaburanin
- Department of Systems Biosciences and Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
- Khon Kaen University Phenome Centre, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sitthichai Iamsaard
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (C.T.); (N.T.)
- Research Institute for Human High Performance and Health Promotion, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
| | - Nongnuj Tanphaichitr
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1Y 8L6, Canada
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Samrid R, Taoto C, Wu A, Sawatpanich T, Phunchago N, Uabundit N, Iamsaard S. Protective effect of Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. var. pruriens seed extract on apoptotic germ cells in ethanolic male rats. BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 83:e272629. [PMID: 37436191 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.272629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Thai Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. var pruriens (T-MP) seed containing levodopa (L-DOPA) and antioxidant capacity has been shown to improve sexual behavior and male reproductive parameters in rats treated with ethanol (Eth). However, its protective effect on testicular apoptotic germ cells has never been reported. This study aimed to investigate the potential effects of T-MP seed extract on expressions of caspase, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) proteins in Eth rats. Thirty-six male Wistar rats were divided into four groups (9 animals/group), including control, Eth, T-MP150+Eth, and T-MP300+Eth, respectively. Control rats received distilled water, and Eth rats received Eth (3g/kg BW; 40%v/v). The T-MP groups were treated with T-MP seed extract at a dose of 150 or 300 mg/kg before Eth administration for 56 consecutive days. The results showed that the seminiferous tubule diameter and epithelial height were significantly increased in both T-MP treated groups compared to the Eth group. Additionally, the caspase-9 and -3, and PCNA expressions were decreased, but D2R expression was markedly increased in T-MP groups. It was concluded that T-MP seed extract could protect testicular apoptosis induced by Eth via changes in caspase, PCNA, and D2R protein expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Samrid
- Khon Kaen University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - C Taoto
- Khon Kaen University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - A Wu
- Taipei Medical University, The PhD Program of Translational Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - T Sawatpanich
- Khon Kaen University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - N Phunchago
- Khon Kaen University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - N Uabundit
- Khon Kaen University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - S Iamsaard
- Khon Kaen University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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Bifidobacterium animalis A12 and Lactobacillus salivarius M18-6 Alleviate Alcohol Injury by keap1-Nrf2 Pathway and Thioredoxin System. Foods 2023; 12:foods12030439. [PMID: 36765968 PMCID: PMC9914461 DOI: 10.3390/foods12030439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive drinking can significantly damage people's health and well-being. Although some lactic acid bacterial strains have been previously shown to alleviate the symptoms of alcohol injury, the mechanism underlying these effects remains unclear. The aim of this study was to establish an alcohol injury model and examine the protective effect and mechanism of B. animalis A12 and L. salivarius M18-6. The results showed that A12 freeze-dried powder could maintain the survival rate of mice with alcohol injury at 100%. Compared with Alco group, L. salivarius M18-6 dead cell improved the survival rate of mice, attenuated liver steatosis, and significantly down-regulated serum Alanine transaminase (ALT) level; at the same time, it activated keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway and up-regulated Superoxide dismutase (SOD), it protects mouse liver cells from oxidative stress induced by alcohol injury. In addition, B. animalis A12 can reduce the stress response to short-term alcohol intake and improve the ability of anti-oxidative stress by upregulating the level of isobutyric acid, reducing the level of keap1 protein in the liver of mice and upregulating the expression of thioredoxin genes (Txnrd1, Txnrd3, Txn1). Taken together, the results showed that B. animalis A12 and L. salivarius M18-6 alleviate alcohol injury in mice through keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway and thioredoxin system.
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Finelli R, Mottola F, Agarwal A. Impact of Alcohol Consumption on Male Fertility Potential: A Narrative Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 19:ijerph19010328. [PMID: 35010587 PMCID: PMC8751073 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol abuse disorder is a serious condition, implicating more than 15 million people aged 12 years and older in 2019 in the United States. Ethanol (or ethyl alcohol) is mainly oxidized in the liver, resulting in the synthesis of acetaldehyde and acetate, which are toxic and carcinogenic metabolites, as well as in the generation of a reductive cellular environment. Moreover, ethanol can interact with lipids, generating fatty acid ethyl esters and phosphatidylethanol, which interfere with physiological cellular pathways. This narrative review summarizes the impact of excessive alcohol consumption on male fertility by describing its metabolism and how ethanol consumption may induce cellular damage. Furthermore, the impact of alcohol consumption on hormonal regulation, semen quality, and genetic and epigenetic regulations is discussed based on evidence from animal and human studies, focusing on the consequences on the offspring. Finally, the limitations of the current evidence are discussed. Our review highlights the association between chronic alcohol consumption and poor semen quality, mainly due to the development of oxidative stress, as well as its genotoxic impact on hormonal regulation and DNA integrity, affecting the offspring’s health. New landscapes of investigation are proposed for the identification of molecular markers for alcohol-associated infertility, with a focus on advanced OMICS-based approaches applied to the analysis of semen samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Finelli
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
| | - Filomena Mottola
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 81100 Caserta, Italy;
| | - Ashok Agarwal
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(214)-444-9485
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Mahdivand N, Shalizar-Jalali A, Nejati V, Najafi G, Rahmani F. Adaptogenic potential of royal jelly in reproductive system of heat stress-exposed male rats. J Therm Biol 2021; 96:102827. [PMID: 33627267 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2020.102827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Testicular heat stress (HS) can lead to testicular tissue destruction and spermatogenesis disturbances. Royal Jelly (RJ) has been introduced as a potent antioxidant. We investigated the effects of RJ on testicular tissue, oxidative stress and sperm apoptosis in HS-exposed rats. Compared to HS-exposed groups, RJ co-treatment could improve testosterone reduction and histopathological damages. The RJ co-administration decreased MDA level in testicular tissue, while TAC and CAT levels were remarkably increased compared to HS-exposed groups. Moreover, significant higher expression level of Bcl-2 and lower expression levels of P53 and Caspase-3 were seen following RJ co-administration compared to HS-exposed groups. Our data suggest that RJ can effectively ameliorate experimental HS-induced testiculopathies in rats through testicular antioxidant defense system restoration and germ cells apoptosis regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noushin Mahdivand
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Ali Shalizar-Jalali
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Vahid Nejati
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Najafi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rahmani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
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Oxidative Stress in Male Infertility: Causes, Effects in Assisted Reproductive Techniques, and Protective Support of Antioxidants. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9040077. [PMID: 32290152 PMCID: PMC7235998 DOI: 10.3390/biology9040077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The spermatozoon is a highly specialized cell, whose main function is the transport of the intact male genetic material into the oocyte. During its formation and transit throughout male and female reproductive tracts, sperm cells are internally and externally surrounded by reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are produced from both endogenous and exogenous sources. While low amounts of ROS are known to be necessary for crucial physiological sperm processes, such as acrosome reaction and sperm-oocyte interaction, high levels of those species underlie misbalanced antioxidant-oxidant molecules, generating oxidative stress (OS), which is one of the most damaging factors that affect sperm function and lower male fertility potential. The present work starts by reviewing the different sources of oxidative stress that affect sperm cells, continues by summarizing the detrimental effects of OS on the male germline, and discusses previous studies addressing the consequences of these detrimental effects on natural pregnancy and assisted reproductive techniques effectiveness. The last section is focused on how antioxidants can counteract the effects of ROS and how sperm fertilizing ability may benefit from these agents.
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Beer consumption negatively regulates hormonal reproductive status and reduces apoptosis in Leydig cells in peripubertal rats. Alcohol 2019; 78:21-31. [PMID: 30690073 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Beer is one of the most popular alcoholic beverages consumed by young people. Ethanol intake is associated with harmful effects to the reproductive system. Bioactive compounds present in beer may diminish the toxics effect of ethanol. However, there is still little knowledge about the effect of beer consumption on hormonal regulation of male reproduction in organisms exposed to alcohol after the peripubertal age. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the influence of beer intake on plasma reproductive hormones, immunolocalization of cleaved caspase-3 (casp-3), and the level of the neuronal isoform of nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in Leydig cells (LCs) in adolescent male Wistar rats. The animals, beginning at the age of 30 days, drank beer (10% ethanol; B2 group [2 weeks' exposure] and B4 group [4 weeks' exposure]), 10% ethanol solution (CE2 group [2 weeks' exposure] and CE4 group [4 weeks' exposure]), or water (C2 group [2 weeks' exposure] and C4 group [4 weeks' exposure]). Rats drinking beer for 4 weeks showed higher phenolic acid intake compared to rats drinking beer for 2 weeks. Rats exposed to beer for 4 weeks showed decreased plasma levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and 17β-estradiol (E2) (3.173 ng/mL and 11.49 pg/mL, respectively), compared to the CE4 (5.293 ng/mL and 43.912 pg/mL, respectively) and the C4 groups (5.002 ng/mL and 41.121 pg mL, respectively). Expression of cleaved caspase-3 in LCs was lower in the B4 group rats, compared to the CE4 group rats (ID score: 1.676 vs. 2.190). No changes in nNOS expression were observed. Beer consumption revealed a similar negative effect on hormonal regulation of male reproductive function, but lower apoptosis in LCs may be beneficial for steroidogenic activity.
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Azad F, Nejati V, Shalizar-Jalali A, Najafi G, Rahmani F. Antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects of royal jelly against nicotine-induced testicular injury in mice. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2019; 34:708-718. [PMID: 30896085 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study describes the effects of royal jelly (RJ) on testicular injury induced by nicotine (NIC) in mice. Thirty-six male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into six groups (n = 6). Group 1 received normal saline, group 2 received 100 mg/kgBW/day RJ, groups 3 and 4 received NIC at doses of 0.50 and 1.00 mg/kgBW/day, respectively, and groups 5 and 6 received NIC at doses of 0.50 and 1.00 mg/kg BW/day, respectively, plus RJ. Following 35 days, the serum level of testosterone, histopathological changes, germ cell apoptosis, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and antioxidant indexes including total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and catalase (CAT) activity were determined. In addition, the mitochondria-dependent apoptosis was investigated by assessing the Bcl-2, p53, and Caspase-3 mRNA levels expression by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR). Compared to NIC receiving groups, the concomitant administration of RJ could protect the testosterone reduction and histological damages. After RJ treatment, the level of tissue MDA content decreased, while tissue TAC and CAT levels were remarkably increased compared to NIC-exposed groups. Remarkable higher TUNEL-positive germ cells and low PCNA index were observed in NIC receiving groups. Besides, the expression level of Bcl-2 was significantly higher and the p53 and Caspase-3 levels were significantly lower in the RJ co-administration groups than NIC-only receiving groups. Our results confirmed that RJ effectively protects the testis against NIC evoked damages by antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects involving the up regulation of the antioxidant status, mitochondria-dependent apoptosis pathway prevention, and the proliferating activity improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnam Azad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Vahid Nejati
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Ali Shalizar-Jalali
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Najafi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rahmani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
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Singh S, Singh SK. Chronic exposure to perfluorononanoic acid impairs spermatogenesis, steroidogenesis and fertility in male mice. J Appl Toxicol 2018; 39:420-431. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shilpi Singh
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science; Banaras Hindu University; Varanasi 221005 India
| | - Shio Kumar Singh
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science; Banaras Hindu University; Varanasi 221005 India
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Dutra Gonçalves G, Antunes Vieira N, Rodrigues Vieira H, Dias Valério A, Elóisa Munhoz de Lion Siervo G, Fernanda Felipe Pinheiro P, Eduardo Martinez F, Alessandra Guarnier F, Rampazzo Teixeira G, Scantamburlo Alves Fernandes G. Role of resistance physical exercise in preventing testicular damage caused by chronic ethanol consumption in UChB rats. Microsc Res Tech 2016; 80:378-386. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gessica Dutra Gonçalves
- Department of General Biology; Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina - UEL; Londrina Paraná 86057-970 Brazil
- Department of General Pathology; Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina - UEL; Londrina Paraná 86057-970 Brazil
| | - Nichelle Antunes Vieira
- Department of General Pathology; Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina - UEL; Londrina Paraná 86057-970 Brazil
| | - Henrique Rodrigues Vieira
- Department of General Biology; Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina - UEL; Londrina Paraná 86057-970 Brazil
| | - Aline Dias Valério
- Department of General Biology; Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina - UEL; Londrina Paraná 86057-970 Brazil
| | - Gláucia Elóisa Munhoz de Lion Siervo
- Department of General Biology; Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina - UEL; Londrina Paraná 86057-970 Brazil
- Department of General Pathology; Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina - UEL; Londrina Paraná 86057-970 Brazil
| | | | - Francisco Eduardo Martinez
- Department of Anatomy; Biosciences Institute, University Paulista, Presidente Prudente (UNESP); Botucatu São Paulo 18618-000 Brazil
| | - Flávia Alessandra Guarnier
- Department of General Pathology; Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina - UEL; Londrina Paraná 86057-970 Brazil
| | - Giovana Rampazzo Teixeira
- Department of Physical Education; Center of Science and Technology, University Paulista, Presidente Prudente (UNESP), Educational Center; 305 Presidente Prudente São Paulo 19060-080 Brazil
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Pothana L, Devi L, Venna NK, Pentakota N, Varma VP, Jose J, Goel S. Replacement of serum with ocular fluid for cryopreservation of immature testes. Cryobiology 2016; 73:356-366. [PMID: 27693391 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2016.09.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cryopreservation of immature testis is a feasible approach for germplasm preservation of male animals. Combinations of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and foetal bovine serum (FBS) are used for testis cryopreservation. However, an alternative to FBS is needed, because FBS is expensive. Buffalo ocular fluid (BuOF), a slaughter house by-product, could be an economical option. The objective of the present study was to assess whether BuOF can replace FBS for cryopreservation of immature mouse (Mus musculus), rat (Rattus norvegicus), and buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) testes. Results showed that rodent and buffalo testes frozen in DMSO (10% for rodents and 20% for buffalo) with 20% FBS or BuOF had similar numbers of viable and DNA-damaged cells (P > 0.05). The expression of cell proliferation- (PCNA) and apoptosis-specific proteins (Annexin V and BAX/BCL2 ratio) were also comparable in mouse and buffalo testes frozen in DMSO with FBS or BuOF (P > 0.05). Interestingly, rat testis frozen in DMSO with BuOF had lower expression of Annexin V protein than testis frozen in DMSO with FBS (P < 0.05). The percentage of meiotic germ cells (pachytene-stage spermatocytes) in xenografts from testis frozen either in DMSO with BuOF or FBS did not significantly differ in rats or buffalo (P > 0.05). These findings provide evidence that BuOF has potential to replace FBS for cryopreservation of immature rodent and buffalo testis. Further investigation is needed to explore whether BuOF can replace FBS for testis cryopreservation of other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavanya Pothana
- Laboratory for the Conservation of Endangered Species, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
| | - Lalitha Devi
- Laboratory for the Conservation of Endangered Species, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
| | - Naresh Kumar Venna
- Laboratory for the Conservation of Endangered Species, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
| | - Niharika Pentakota
- Laboratory for the Conservation of Endangered Species, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
| | - Vivek Phani Varma
- Laboratory for the Conservation of Endangered Species, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
| | - Jedy Jose
- Animal House, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
| | - Sandeep Goel
- Laboratory for the Conservation of Endangered Species, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500 007, India.
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Paula Franco Punhagui A, Rodrigues Vieira H, Eloisa Munhoz De Lion Siervo G, da Rosa R, Scantamburlo Alves Fernandes G. Ethanol exposure during peripubertal period increases the mast cell number and impairs meiotic and spermatic parameters in adult male rats. Microsc Res Tech 2016; 79:541-9. [PMID: 27058992 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Puberty is characterized by psychosomatic alterations, whereas chronic ethanol consumption is associated with morphophysiological changes in the male reproductive system. The purpose of this study was to show the toxic effects on testis and epididymal morphophysiology after ethanol administration during peripuberty. To this end, male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: ethanol (E) group: received a 2 g dose of ethanol/kg in 25% (v/v); and control (C) group: received the same volume of filtered water; both were treated by gavage for 54 days. On the 55th day of the experiment, epididymis, and testis were collected for sperm count, histopathology, mast cell count, and morphometry. The vas deferens was collected for sperm motility analysis. The femur and testicle were used for cytogenetic analysis. Ethanol exposure caused reduction in daily sperm production (DSP) and in sperm motility, multinucleated cells or those having no chromosomal content, and late chromosome migrations. No changes were observed in the number of chromosomes in the mitotic analysis. However, some alterations could be seen in meiocytes at different stages of cell division. Stereological analysis of the epididymis indicated reorganization of its component in the 2A and 5A/B regions. The epididymal cauda had greater recruitment, and both degranulated and full mast cells showed an increase in the initial segment, in the ethanol group. In conclusion, ethanol administration during the pubertal phase affects epididymis and testis in adult rats, as indicated mainly by our new findings related to mast cell number and meiotic impact. Microsc. Res. Tech. 79:541-549, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Franco Punhagui
- Department of General Biology, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina-UEL, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Henrique Rodrigues Vieira
- Department of General Biology, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina-UEL, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Gláucia Eloisa Munhoz De Lion Siervo
- Department of General Biology, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina-UEL, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Department of General Pathology, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina-UEL, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Renata da Rosa
- Department of General Biology, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina-UEL, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
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Roy VK, Chenkual L, Gurusubramanian G. Protection of testis through antioxidant action of Mallotus roxburghianus in alloxan-induced diabetic rat model. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 176:268-280. [PMID: 26549273 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Mallotus roxburghianus is used for its antihyperglycaemic properties in Southeast Asia especially in Northeast India (Mizoram) and is also recognized in traditional medicine. About 90% of diabetic patients have been associated with reproductive impairments. The primary aim of this investigation is to examine the effects of diabetes on oxidative stress, steroidogenesis, histopathology, proliferation of germ cells with proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and antioxidant status, and alleviative effect of M. roxburghianus on the testis dysfunction. MATERIALS AND METHODS Methanolic leaf extract of M. roxburghianus was given to male albino Wistar rats by oral gavage to study the acute toxicity. Phyto-chemical composition of the methanol extract of M. roxburghianus was analyzed by GC-MS. Male Wistar rats were divided into six groups with seven animals in each group: untreated control; M. roxburghianus methanolic extract control (MRME, 400mg/kg); Alloxan diabetic control group (150 mg/kg); diabetic with 100mg/kg MRME treatment; diabetic with 400mg/kg MRME treatment; and diabetic with glibenclamide (0.1mg/kg) treatment. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of 150 mg/kg alloxan and was confirmed by testing fasting plasma blood glucose levels 5 days after injection. MRME was administered orally for 28 days. Body and testis weights, serum testosterone, testis malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), glutathione S transferase (GST) and protein levels were measured, and testis tissue was examined histopathologically and immunohistochemically (PCNA). RESULTS No sign of mortality and organ toxicity was observed up to 3000 mg/kg in acute toxicity assay of MRME and inferred to be non-toxic and safe. Bergenin and betulinic acid are the major components of MRME with many biological activities. MRME treatment rendered significant increases in body weight, testis weight, testes-body weight ratio, down regulated the MDA levels, reduced the degeneration and disruption of seminiferous tubule structure, restored the antioxidant enzymes and serum testosterone levels, increased the PCNA activities and attenuated the testes injury. CONCLUSION MRME treatment to diabetic rats improves diabetes induced oxidative damage in testis as well as provides protection to testis. Phenols (Bergenin) and terpenes (Betulinic acid) were the main compounds of MRME that show antioxidant and antidiabetic activities and indeed validated its traditional use in the management of diabetes related testicular impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Kumar Roy
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram Central University, Aizawl 796004, Mizoram, India.
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Shi SH, Jiang L, Xie HY, Xu J, Zhu YF, Zheng SS. The effect of secondary cholestasis on the CD68-positive and CD163-positive macrophage population, cellular proliferation, and apoptosis in rat testis. J Reprod Immunol 2015; 110:36-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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15
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Siervo GEML, Vieira HR, Ogo FM, Fernandez CDB, Gonçalves GD, Mesquita SFP, Anselmo-Franci JA, Cecchini R, Guarnier FA, Fernandes GSA. Spermatic and testicular damages in rats exposed to ethanol: influence of lipid peroxidation but not testosterone. Toxicology 2015; 330:1-8. [PMID: 25637669 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2015.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chronic consumption of ethanol causes morphological and physiological changes in the reproductive system of mammals. Vitamin C has an antioxidant role in organisms by neutralizing the ROS (reactive oxygen species) produced by oxidizing agents and this vitamin has an important function in the male reproductive system. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether vitamin C could prevent or attenuate the alterations in the male reproductive system caused by ethanol consumption. To test this hypothesis, male rats were divided into three experimental groups and treated by gavage for 63 days. The ethanol (E) and ethanol+vitamin C (EC) groups received 2 g/kg of ethanol (25%v/v) daily. In addition to ethanol, the EC group received vitamin C at a dose of 100 mg/day, diluted in water. The control group (C) received only the vehicle. On the 64th experimental day, the animals were anesthetized and euthanized, and blood was collected for plasmatic hormonal analysis. The testis, epididymis, vas deferens, and seminal vesicles were removed and weighed. Sperm from the vas deferens was submitted to morphological and motility analysis. The testis and epididymis were used for oxidative stress and histopathological analysis, sperm count, morphometric analysis of the testis, and stereological analysis of the epididymis. The results showed that vitamin C has a protective effect in the testes of adult male rats, entirely normalizing the parameters of sperm count, spermatogenesis kinetics, lipid peroxidation levels, and sperm motility, as well as partially normalizing the histopathological damage in the testis, epididymis, and sperm morphology. Thus, we concluded that lipid peroxidation is a major mechanism by which ethanol affects the testes and sperm, whereas no plasmatic testosterone alterations were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glaucia E M L Siervo
- Department of General Biology, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina - UEL, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; Department of General Pathology, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina - UEL, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Henrique R Vieira
- Department of General Biology, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina - UEL, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Fernanda M Ogo
- Department of General Biology, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina - UEL, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; Department of General Pathology, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina - UEL, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Carla D B Fernandez
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP-Univ. Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Géssica D Gonçalves
- Department of General Biology, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina - UEL, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Suzana F P Mesquita
- Department of General Biology, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina - UEL, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Janete Ap Anselmo-Franci
- Department of Morphology, Stomatology and Physiology, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rubens Cecchini
- Department of General Pathology, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina - UEL, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Flavia A Guarnier
- Department of General Pathology, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina - UEL, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Glaura S A Fernandes
- Department of General Biology, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina - UEL, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
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Gutiérrez-Pérez O, Durand-Montaño C, Rojas-Castañeda JC, Chavez-Saldaña M, Vigueras-Villaseñor RM. Effect of pyrimethamine treatment on male rat testicular cell population development. Andrology 2014; 2:780-6. [PMID: 24923257 DOI: 10.1111/j.2047-2927.2014.00237.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Pyrimethamine (PYR) is a drug used in the treatment of newborn with congenital Toxoplasmosis. Even when PYR is highly specific against parasites, it may provoke neutropenia in the patients apart from other affectations, conditions that usually justify its suspension. Moreover, medication against congenital toxoplasmosis coincides with the proliferation stage of Sertoli and germ cells. Although, there are several reports on the effect of this drug on mature testes, records of its effects on the testes of young individuals yet in the process of growth are still lacking. This work was aimed to study the effects of in vivo administration of PYR in the first 21 days of life of male rat pups by evaluating their testicular alterations and its long-term sequels on fertility. Through the determination of the levels of seminiferous epithelium maturity, apoptotic index and cell proliferation index at 7, 14, 35 and 90 days post-natal using immunocytochemical studies. The fertility of the treated rats was evaluated at 90 days. PYR-treated animals were found to undergo some kind of delays in seminiferous epithelium maturity, decreased cell proliferation index and an increase in apoptosis when compared with the control (p < 0.05). Epididymal sperm counts were also affected (p < 0.05). The application of folic acid (FA) in newborns treated with PYR decreased the severity of the problem (p < 0.05). This study provides strong evidence that the effect of PYR on testicular development is specific. It reinforces the importance of FA application in neonates treated with PYR to prevent the effect of the later on spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Gutiérrez-Pérez
- Subdirección de Medicina Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico D.F., Mexico; Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, UNAM, Mexico D.F., Mexico
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Rahimipour M, Talebi AR, Anvari M, Sarcheshmeh AA, Omidi M. Effects of different doses of ethanol on sperm parameters, chromatin structure and apoptosis in adult mice. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2013; 170:423-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2013.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Uygur R, Yagmurca M, Alkoc OA, Genc A, Songur A, Ucok K, Ozen OA. Effects of quercetin and fish n-3 fatty acids on testicular injury induced by ethanol in rats. Andrologia 2013; 46:356-69. [DOI: 10.1111/and.12085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R. Uygur
- Department of Anatomy; Faculty of Medicine; Namik Kemal University; Tekirdag Turkey
| | - M. Yagmurca
- Department of Histology and Embryology; Faculty of Medicine; Fatih University; Ankara Turkey
| | - O. A. Alkoc
- Department of Anatomy; Faculty of Medicine; Istanbul Medeniyet University; Istanbul Turkey
| | - A. Genc
- Department of Physiology; Faculty of Medicine; Afyon Kocatepe University; Afyonkarahisar Turkey
| | - A. Songur
- Department of Anatomy; Faculty of Medicine; Afyon Kocatepe University; Afyonkarahisar Turkey
| | - K. Ucok
- Department of Physiology; Faculty of Medicine; Afyon Kocatepe University; Afyonkarahisar Turkey
| | - O. A. Ozen
- Department of Anatomy; Faculty of Medicine; Namik Kemal University; Tekirdag Turkey
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Guven A, Ickin M, Uzun O, Bakar C, Gulec Balbay E, Balbay O. Erdosteine protects rat testis tissue from hypoxic injury by reducing apoptotic cell death. Andrologia 2012; 46:50-58. [DOI: 10.1111/and.12041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A. Guven
- Department of Histology and Embryology; School of Medicine; Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University; Canakkale Turkey
| | - M. Ickin
- Department of Histology and Embryology; School of Medicine; Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University; Canakkale Turkey
| | - O. Uzun
- Department of Pharmacology; Faculty of Medicine; University of Abant Izzet Baysal; Bolu Turkey
| | - C. Bakar
- Department of Public Health; Faculty of Medicine; Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University; Canakkale Turkey
| | - E. Gulec Balbay
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine; University of Duzce; Duzce Turkey
| | - O. Balbay
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; University of Duzce; Duzce Turkey
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Effects of norepinephrine and acetylcholine on the development of cultured Leydig cells in mice. J Biomed Biotechnol 2012; 2012:503093. [PMID: 23093848 PMCID: PMC3470896 DOI: 10.1155/2012/503093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2012] [Revised: 05/27/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Few data have suggested how norepinephrine (NE) and acetylcholine (Ach) regulate the development of Leydig cells in mice at prepuberty, except for data indicating endocrine effects. The present study aims to elucidate the roles of NE and Ach on the differentiation and proliferation of Leydig cells. Firstly, the expression of adrenergic receptors and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in Leydig cells was investigated. It was found that adrenergic receptors (β1AR, β2AR, and α1D) and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (M1 and M3) mRNA are expressed in adult Leydig cells. Then, the effects of NE and Ach on the differentiation and proliferation of Leydig cells were analyzed. The results showed that NE and Ach at 10 μM significantly increased the number of 3β-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase- (3β-HSD-) positive Leydig cells and improved the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in Leydig cells on postnatal day (PD) 15 (P < 0.05). NE and Ach at 10 μM had no impact on the expression of PCNA mRNA (P > 0.05), but reduced the expression of 3β-HSD mRNA in adult Leydig cells and a murine Leydig tumor cell line (MLTC-1) (P < 0.05). Therefore, a conclusion may be reached that NE and Ach participated in stimulating the development of Leydig cells in mice from prepuberty to adult stage.
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Kanter M, Aktas C, Erboga M. Protective effects of quercetin against apoptosis and oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat testis. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:719-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Revised: 11/24/2011] [Accepted: 11/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Talebi AR, Sarcheshmeh AA, Khalili MA, Tabibnejad N. Effects of ethanol consumption on chromatin condensation and DNA integrity of epididymal spermatozoa in rat. Alcohol 2011; 45:403-9. [PMID: 21145692 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2010.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2009] [Revised: 09/30/2010] [Accepted: 10/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol abuse is considered as one of the problems associated with poor semen production and sperm quality. Both acute and chronic alcohol consumption may affect spermatozoal chromatin disorders through apoptosis. Therefore, for the first time, this experimental study was performed to evaluate the effect of ethanol consumption on sperm parameters and chromatin integrity of spermatozoa aspirated from cauda epididymis of rats. Twenty adult Wistar rats were divided into ethanol consumption and control groups. Access to ethanol and water was provided ad libitum for experimental and control animals, respectively. The cauda epididymal spermatozoa were aspirated for analysis of sperm parameters and sperm chromatin integrity with aniline blue (AB), chromomycin A3 (CMA3), toluidine blue (TB), and acridine orange (AO) assays. Sperm progressive and nonprogressive motility of ethanol-consuming rats were significantly decreased compared with control animals (P < .05). In addition, the rates of AB-reacted spermatozoa were similar in both groups (P > .05). However, with regard to CMA3, AO, and TB stainings, there was a significant increase in ethanol group when compared with the controls (P < .05). The majority of TB+ and AO+ spermatozoa were higher than "cut-off" value in ethanol group, whereas the mean rates of CMA3+ spermatozoa was below the "cut-off" value in both groups. The results showed that ethanol consumption disturbs sperm motility, nuclear maturity and DNA integrity of spermatozoa in rat. Therefore, ethanol abuse results in the production of spermatozoa with less condensed chromatin, and this may be one possible cause of infertility following ethanol consumption.
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D’Andrea MR, Alicknavitch M, Nagele RG, Damiano BP. Simultaneous PCNA and TUNEL labeling for testicular toxicity evaluation suggests that detection of apoptosis may be more sensitive than proliferation. Biotech Histochem 2010; 85:195-204. [DOI: 10.3109/10520290903547778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- MR D’Andrea
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania
| | - M Alicknavitch
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania
| | - RG Nagele
- New Jersey Institute for Successful Aging, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Two Medical Center Drive, Stratford, New Jersey
| | - BP Damiano
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania
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HUO S, XU Z, ZHANG X, ZHANG J, CUI S. Testicular Denervation in Prepuberty Rat Inhibits Seminiferous Tubule Development and Spermatogenesis. J Reprod Dev 2010; 56:370-8. [DOI: 10.1262/jrd.10-009n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shuying HUO
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University
| | - Zhihao XU
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University
| | - Xiaoxin ZHANG
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University
| | - Jianfang ZHANG
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University
| | - Sheng CUI
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University
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Arzumnayan A, Arzumanyan A, Anni H, Rubin R, Rubin E. Effects of ethanol on mouse embryonic stem cells. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2009; 33:2172-9. [PMID: 19764938 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2009.01057.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) reflects a constellation of congenital abnormalities caused by excess maternal consumption of alcohol. It is likely that interference with embryonic development plays a role in the pathogenesis of the disorder. Ethanol-induced apoptosis has been suggested as a causal factor in the genesis of FAS. Mouse embryonic stem (mES) cells are pluripotent cells that differentiate in vitro to cell aggregates termed embryoid bodies (EBs), wherein differentiation capacity and gene expression profile are similar to those of the early embryo. METHODS To investigate the effects of ethanol during differentiation, mES cells were cultured on a gelatin surface in the presence of leukemia inhibitory factor which maintains adherent undifferentiated cells or in suspension to promote formation of EBs. All cells were treated (1-6 days) with 80 mM ethanol. The pluripotency and differentiation of mES cells were evaluated by western blotting of stage-specific embryonic antigen (SSEA-1), transcription factors Oct-3/4, Sox-2, and Nanog, using alkaline phosphatase staining. Apoptosis (early to late stages) was assessed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting using TdT-mediated biotin-dUTP nick-end labelling assay and fluorescein isothiocyanate-Annexin V/propidium iodide staining. RESULTS Ethanol increased apoptosis during in vitro differentiation of mES cells to EBs, whereas undifferentiated cells were not affected. Ethanol exposure also interfered with pluripotency marker patterns causing an upregulation of SSEA-1 under self-renewal conditions. In EBs, ethanol delayed the downregulation of SSEA-1 and affected the regulation of transcription factors during differentiation. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that ethanol may contribute to the pathogenesis of FAS by triggering apoptotic pathways during differentiation of embryonic stem cells and deregulating early stages of embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla Arzumnayan
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locust Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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D'Andrea M, Lawrence D, Nagele R, Wang C, Damiano B. PCNA indexing as a preclinical immunohistochemical biomarker for testicular toxicity. Biotech Histochem 2009; 83:211-20. [DOI: 10.1080/10520290802521804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Ruwanpura SM, McLachlan RI, Stanton PG, Meachem SJ. Follicle-stimulating hormone affects spermatogonial survival by regulating the intrinsic apoptotic pathway in adult rats. Biol Reprod 2007; 78:705-13. [PMID: 18094353 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.107.065912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Follicle-stimulating hormone plays a key role in spermatogonial development in adult rats via poorly understood mechanisms. We aimed to identify the role of this hormone in the regulation of germ cell apoptosis and proliferation in adult rats by suppression of FSH action following passive immunoneutralization with a rat FSH antibody for 4 and 7 days. Apoptosis and proliferation were identified by TUNEL and proliferating cell nuclear antigen labeling methods, respectively. Intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways were identified by immunohistochemistry, stereological techniques, and RT-PCR by assessing pathway-specific proteins and genes. Following FSH suppression for 4 and 7 days, we have previously reported a 30% decrease in spermatogonial number, with increased apoptosis in a stage-specific manner. The present study also shows stage-specific increases in apoptosis with no changes in proliferation. This increase in apoptosis was attributable to an increase in spermatogonial apoptosis via the intrinsic rather than extrinsic pathway, as shown by increased activated caspase 9-positive spermatogonia. The concomitant suppression of FSH and LH/testosterone showed that testosterone alone or together with FSH was more important in spermatocyte and spermatid survival by regulating both apoptotic pathways. A reduction in the level of the intrinsic pathway transcript Bcl2l2 (apoptosis suppressor gene) following FSH suppression for 4 days shows that FSH regulates some components of the intrinsic pathway. This study reveals that FSH predominantly acts as a survival factor for spermatogonia by regulating the intrinsic pathway while having no affect on germ cell proliferation in rats in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleela M Ruwanpura
- Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
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Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate whether ethanol suppresses survival-signaling pathways in rat testes. Ethanol (1.5 g/kg or 3 g/kg i.p., 15% v/v in saline) was administrated to adult male rats for 10 days. Ethanol treatment significantly increased the number of TUNEL-positive cells in rat testes. Potential activation was measured by phosphorylation of Akt and Erk1/2 using Western blot analysis. Ethanol decreased the levels of activated survival kinases, pAkt and pErk1/2. The phosphorylation of Bad at Ser112 and Ser136 was decreased in ethanol-treated animals in comparison to saline-treated animals. Moreover, the interaction of pBad with 14-3-3 was decreased by ethanol exposure. In conclusion, our findings suggest that ethanol induces apoptotic cell death by suppressing the activation of survival kinases and the phosphorylation of their downstream targets in rat testes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phil-Ok Koh
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
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