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Sarmiento-Machado LM, Rodrigues MAM, Romualdo GR, Barbisan LF. An overview of chemically induced rodent models for sporadic colorectal cancer: Histopathological and translational perspectives. Histol Histopathol 2024; 39:691-702. [PMID: 38179656 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Globally, colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed human gastrointestinal neoplasia and the second leading cause of cancer-related death in both men and women. Despite considerable efforts currently devoted to the study of the biology and treatment of CRC, patient prognosis and survival are still poor. Sporadic CRC is a complex multistep disease and usually emerges in the setting of lifestyle and dietary changes mainly observed in industrialized countries with high human development index (HDI) (westernized style). The molecular pathogenesis of sporadic CRC presents genetic heterogeneity with APC, RAS, PIK3CA, TGFBR, SMAD4, and TP53 mutations usually detected during the progression of this malignancy. The establishment of sporadic CRC models has become essential for both basic and translational research to improve our understanding of the pathophysiology, unravel new molecular drivers, and preventive/therapeutic improvement of this malignancy. Chemically induced rodent models of sporadic CRC recapitulate most key morphological and genetic/epigenetic events observed during the promotion and progression of this malignancy, establishing effective diagnostic and prevention strategies to be translated into clinical practice. The present review gathers the main features of the state-of-the-art evidence on chemically induced rodent models, widely applied for translational modelling of sporadic CRC with a specific focus on histopathology and prevention perspectives. Our narrative review reinforces the persistent value of these bioassays and encourages the use of multimodel strategies for further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Guilherme Ribeiro Romualdo
- Department of Pathology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
- Experimental Research Unit (UNIPEX), Multimodel Drug Screening Platform - Laboratory of Chemically Induced and Experimental Carcinogenesis (MDSP-LCQE), Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Luís Fernando Barbisan
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
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2
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Chen X, Ding Y, Yi Y, Chen Z, Fu J, Chang Y. Review of Animal Models of Colorectal Cancer in Different Carcinogenesis Pathways. Dig Dis Sci 2024; 69:1583-1592. [PMID: 38526618 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-024-08384-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignant tumor of the gastrointestinal tract with increasing morbidity and mortality. Exploring the factors affecting colorectal carcinogenesis and controlling its occurrence at its root is as important as studying post-cancer treatment and management. Establishing ideal animal models of CRC is crucial, which can occur through various pathways, such as adenoma-carcinoma sequence, inflammation-induced carcinogenesis, serrated polyp pathway and de-novo pathway. This article aims to categorize the existing well-established CRC animal models based on different carcinogenesis pathways, and to describe their mechanisms, methods, advantages and limitations using domestic and international literature sources. This will provide suggestions for the selection of animal models in early-stage CRC research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yirong Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yun Yi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zhishan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Jiaping Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Ying Chang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
- Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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3
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Ahmed AU, Almasabi S, Firestein R, Williams BRG. Integrin-linked kinase expression in myeloid cells promotes colon tumorigenesis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1270194. [PMID: 38077324 PMCID: PMC10710162 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1270194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common forms of cancer worldwide and treatment options for advanced CRC, which has a low 5-year survival rate, remain limited. Integrin-linked kinase (ILK), a multifunctional, scaffolding, pseudo-kinase regulating many integrin-mediated cellular processes, is highly expressed in many cancers. However, the role of ILK in cancer progression is yet to be fully understood. We have previously uncovered a pro-inflammatory role for myeloid-specific ILK in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. To establish a correlation between chronic intestinal inflammation and colorectal cancer (CRC), we investigated the role of myeloid-ILK in mouse models of CRC. When myeloid-ILK deficient mice along with the WT control mice were subjected to colitis-associated and APCmin/+-driven CRC, tumour burden was reduced by myeloid-ILK deficiency in both models. The tumour-promoting phenotype of macrophages, M2 polarization, in vitro was impaired by the ILK deficiency and the number of M2-specific marker CD206-expressing tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) in vivo were significantly diminished in myeloid-ILK deficient mice. Myeloid-ILK deficient mice showed enhanced tumour infiltration of CD8+ T cells and reduced tumour infiltration of FOXP3+ T cells in colitis-associated and APCmin/+-driven CRC, respectively, with an overall elevated CD8+/FOXP3+ ratio suggesting an anti-tumour immune phenotypes. In patient CRC tissue microarrays we observed elevated ILK+ myeloid (ILK+ CD11b+) cells in tumour sections compared to adjacent normal tissues, suggesting a conserved role for myeloid-ILK in CRC development in both human and animal models. This study identifies myeloid-specific ILK expression as novel driver of CRC, which could be targeted as a potential therapeutic option for advanced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsar U Ahmed
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Saleh Almasabi
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Ron Firestein
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Bryan R G Williams
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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4
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Giolito MV, La Rosa T, Farhat D, Bodoirat S, Guardia GDA, Domon‐Dell C, Galante PAF, Freund J, Plateroti M. Regulation of the THRA gene, encoding the thyroid hormone nuclear receptor TRα1, in intestinal lesions. Mol Oncol 2022; 16:3975-3993. [PMID: 36217307 PMCID: PMC9718118 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The THRA gene, encoding the thyroid hormone nuclear receptor TRα1, is expressed in an increasing gradient at the bottom of intestinal crypts, overlapping with high Wnt and Notch activities. Importantly, THRA is upregulated in colorectal cancers, particularly in the high-Wnt molecular subtype. The basis of this specific and/or altered expression pattern has remained unknown. To define the mechanisms controlling THRA transcription and TRα1 expression, we used multiple in vitro and ex vivo approaches. Promoter analysis demonstrated that transcription factors important for crypt homeostasis and altered in colorectal cancers, such as transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2; Wnt pathway), recombining binding protein suppressor of hairless (RBPJ; Notch pathway), and homeobox protein CDX2 (epithelial cell identity), modulate THRA activity. Specifically, although TCF7L2 and CDX2 stimulated THRA, RBPJ induced its repression. In-depth analysis of the Wnt-dependent increase showed direct regulation of the THRA promoter in cells and of TRα1 expression in murine enteroids. Given our previous results on the control of the Wnt pathway by TRα1, our new results unveil a complex regulatory loop and synergy between these endocrine and epithelial-cell-intrinsic signals. Our work describes, for the first time, the regulation of the THRA gene in specific cell and tumor contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Virginia Giolito
- Inserm, IRFAC/UMR‐S1113, FMTS, Université de StrasbourgFrance,INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de LyonFrance
| | - Théo La Rosa
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de LyonFrance,Present address:
Stem‐Cell and Brain Research Institute, U1208 INSERM, USC1361 INRABronFrance
| | - Diana Farhat
- Inserm, IRFAC/UMR‐S1113, FMTS, Université de StrasbourgFrance,INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de LyonFrance
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Michelina Plateroti
- Inserm, IRFAC/UMR‐S1113, FMTS, Université de StrasbourgFrance,INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de LyonFrance
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5
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Eisa NH, Said E, Khodir AE, Sabry D, Ebrahim HA, Elsherbini DMA, Altemani R, Alnasser DM, Elsherbiny NM, El-Sherbiny M. Effect of Diacerein on HOTAIR/IL-6/STAT3, Wnt/β-Catenin and TLR-4/NF-κB/TNF-α axes in colon carcinogenesis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 95:103943. [PMID: 35934220 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignancy with high mortality and poor prognosis. Diacerein (DIA) is an anti-inflammatory used for treatment of osteoarthritis. We delineated some underlying molecular mechanisms of DIA's anti-carcinogenic effect in CRC using in vivo and in vitro models. Human Caco-2 cells were treated with DIA followed by MTT and Annexin V assays and CRC was experimentally induced using 1,2-dimethylhydrazine. DIA (50 mg/kg/day, orally) was administrated for 8 weeks. The MTT assay confirmed cytotoxic effect of DIA in vitro and Annexin V confirmed its apoptotic effect. DIA resulted in regression of tumour lesions with reduced colonic TLR4, NF-κB and TNF-α protein levels and down-regulated VEGF expression, confirming anti-angiogenic impact. DIA triggered caspase-3 expression and regulated Wnt/β-Catenin pathway, by apparently interrupting the IL-6/STAT3/ lncRNA HOTAIR axis. In conclusion, DIA disrupted IL-6/STAT3/ lncRNA HOTAIR axis which could offer an effective therapeutic strategy for the management of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada H Eisa
- Biochemistry department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Eman Said
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, New Mansoura University, New Mansoura 7723730, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed E Khodir
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt, New Damietta 34518, Egypt
| | - Dina Sabry
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, Egypt; Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hasnaa Ali Ebrahim
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalia Mahmoud Abdelmonem Elsherbini
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, P.O.Box 2014, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Reem Altemani
- PharmD program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Nehal M Elsherbiny
- Biochemistry department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohamed El-Sherbiny
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, P.O. Box 71666, Riyadh 11597, Saudi Arabia.
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Formulation and Characterization of Doxycycline-Loaded Polymeric Nanoparticles for Testing Antitumor/Antiangiogenic Action in Experimental Colon Cancer in Mice. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12050857. [PMID: 35269343 PMCID: PMC8912660 DOI: 10.3390/nano12050857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Nanotherapeutics can enhance the characteristics of drugs, such as rapid systemic clearance and systemic toxicities. Polymeric nanoparticles (PRNPs) depend on dispersion of a drug in an amorphous state in a polymer matrix. PRNPs are capable of delivering drugs and improving their safety. The primary goal of this study is to formulate doxycycline-loaded PRNPs by applying the nanoprecipitation method. Eudragit S100 (ES100) (for DOX-PRNP1) and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose phthalate HP55 (for DOX-PRNP2) were tested as the drug carrying polymers and the DOX-PRNP2 showed better characteristics and drug release % and was hence selected to be tested in the biological study. Six different experimental groups were formed from sixty male albino mice. 1,2,-Dimethylhydrazine was used for 16 weeks to induce experimental colon cancer. We compared the oral administration of DOX-PRNP2 in doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg with the free drug. Results indicated that DOX-PRNP2 had greater antitumor activity, as evidenced by an improved histopathological picture for colon specimens as well as a decrease in the tumor scores. In addition, when compared to free DOX, the DOX-PRNP2 reduced the angiogenic indicators VEGD and CD31 to a greater extent. Collectively, the findings demonstrated that formulating DOX in PRNPs was useful in enhancing antitumor activity and can be used in other models of cancers to verify their efficacy and compatibility with our study.
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7
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Arnesen H, Müller MHB, Aleksandersen M, Østby GC, Carlsen H, Paulsen JE, Boysen P. Induction of colorectal carcinogenesis in the C57BL/6J and A/J mouse strains with a reduced DSS dose in the AOM/DSS model. Lab Anim Res 2021; 37:19. [PMID: 34315530 PMCID: PMC8317392 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-021-00096-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers worldwide and thus mouse models of CRC are of significant value to study the pathogenesis. The Azoxymethane/Dextran sulfate sodium (AOM/DSS) model is a widely used, robust initiation-promotion model for chemical induction of colitis-associated CRC in rodents. However, the dosage of chemicals, treatment regimens and outcome measures vary greatly among studies employing this model. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine an AOM/DSS model involving a reduced (1%) dose of DSS for induction of carcinogenesis in A/J and C57BL/6J (B6) mice. Results We show that colonic preneoplastic lesions can be reliably detected in A/J and B6 mice by use of a AOM/DSS model involving a single injection of 10 mg/kg AOM followed by three 7-day cycles of a low-dose (1%) DSS administration. Supporting existing evidence of A/J mice exhibiting higher susceptibility to AOM than B6 mice, our AOM/DSS-treated A/J mice developed the highest number of large colonic lesions. Clinical symptoms in both strains subjected to the AOM/DSS treatment did not persist in-between treatment cycles, demonstrating that the animals tolerated the treatment well. Conclusions Our findings suggest that a reduced dose of DSS in the AOM/DSS model can be considered in future studies of early phase colorectal carcinogenesis in the A/J and B6 mouse strains using preneoplastic lesions as an outcome measure, and that such regimen may reduce the risk of early trial terminations to accommodate human endpoints. Overall, our data emphasize the importance of devoting attention towards choice of protocol, outcome measures and mouse strain in studies of CRC in mice according to the study purpose. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s42826-021-00096-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriette Arnesen
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Oslo, Norway. .,Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway.
| | - Mette Helen Bjørge Müller
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Oslo, Norway
| | - Mona Aleksandersen
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunn Charlotte Østby
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Oslo, Norway
| | - Harald Carlsen
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Jan Erik Paulsen
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Oslo, Norway
| | - Preben Boysen
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Oslo, Norway
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8
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Balthazar CF, de Moura NA, Romualdo GR, Rocha RS, Pimentel TC, Esmerino EA, Freitas MQ, Santillo A, Silva MC, Barbisan LF, Cruz AG, Albenzio M. Synbiotic sheep milk ice cream reduces chemically induced mouse colon carcinogenesis. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:7406-7414. [PMID: 33934866 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Sheep dairy products containing prebiotic and probiotic ingredients may have health-promoting properties. Thus, this study evaluated the effects of sheep milk ice cream [conventional full-fat (CONV), full-fat enriched with probiotic (PROB, 100 mg % wt/wt of Lacticaseibacillus casei 01), or nonfat synbiotic (SYNB, Lacticaseibacillus casei 01 and inulin, 10% wt/wt)] on carcinogen-induced colonic crypt cytotoxicity and premalignant lesion development. Male Swiss mice received 2 doses of colon carcinogen azoxymethane (AOM, 15 mg/kg of body weight) at wk 3 and 4. Two weeks before and during AOM administrations (4 wk) mice were treated with CONV, PROB, or SYNB by gavage (10 mL/kg). Mice were euthanized at wk 4 or 25 (n = 5 or 10 mice/group, respectively). At wk 4, a significant reduction in micronucleated colonocytes was observed in PROB and SYNB groups, and a significant decrease in both p53 expression and apoptosis indexes in colonic crypts was observed in SYNB group. At wk 25, both PROB and SYNB interventions reduced the mean number of colonic premalignant lesions. However, only SYNB group showed lower incidence and number of high-grade premalignant lesions in the colonic mucosa. These findings indicate that PROB or SYNB sheep milk ice cream, especially SYNB intervention, can reduce chemically induced mouse colon carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celso F Balthazar
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083-862, SP, Brazil; Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Technological Processing of Animal Products, Veterinary School, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói, 24220-000, RJ, Brazil
| | - Nelci A de Moura
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, 18618-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Guilherme R Romualdo
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, 18618-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Ramon S Rocha
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Technological Processing of Animal Products, Veterinary School, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói, 24220-000, RJ, Brazil; Department of Food, Federal Institute of Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, 20270-021, RJ, Brazil
| | - Tatiana C Pimentel
- Department of Food Science, Federal Institute of Paraná (IFPR), Paranavaí, 87703-536, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Erick A Esmerino
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Technological Processing of Animal Products, Veterinary School, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói, 24220-000, RJ, Brazil; Department of Food, Federal Institute of Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, 20270-021, RJ, Brazil; Department of Food Technology, Rural Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropédica, 23890-000, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mônica Q Freitas
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Technological Processing of Animal Products, Veterinary School, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói, 24220-000, RJ, Brazil
| | - Antonella Santillo
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources, and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia (UNIFG), Foggia, 71122, Italy
| | - Marcia Cristina Silva
- Department of Food, Federal Institute of Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, 20270-021, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luis F Barbisan
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Technological Processing of Animal Products, Veterinary School, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói, 24220-000, RJ, Brazil
| | - Adriano G Cruz
- Department of Food, Federal Institute of Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, 20270-021, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marzia Albenzio
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources, and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia (UNIFG), Foggia, 71122, Italy.
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Bahr HI, Ibrahiem AT, Gabr AM, Elbahaie AM, Elmahdi HS, Soliman N, Youssef AM, El-Sherbiny M, Zaitone SA. Chemopreventive effect of α-hederin/carboplatin combination against experimental colon hyperplasia and impact on JNK signaling. Toxicol Mech Methods 2020; 31:138-149. [PMID: 33190582 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2020.1849483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Colon cancer is the commonest cancer worldwide. α-Hederin is a monodesmosidic triterpenoid saponin possessing diverse pharmacological activities. The running experiment was designed to test the chemopreventive activity of α-hederin when used as an adjuvant to carboplatin in an experimental model of mouse colon hyperplasia induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH). Fifty male Swiss albino mice were classified into five groups: group (I): saline group, group (II): DMH-induced colon hyperplasia control group, group (III): DMH + carboplatin (5 mg/kg) group, group (IV): DMH + α-hederin (80 mg/kg) group, and group (V): DMH + carboplatin (5 mg/kg)+α-hederin (80 mg/kg) group. Analyzing of colonic tissue indicated that the disease control group showed higher colon levels of phospho-PI3K to total-PI3K, phospho-AKT to total-AKT and cyclin D1 concurrent with lower phospho-JNK/total JNK ratio and caspase 3. However, treatment with α-hederin, in combination with carboplatin, favorably ameliorated phosphorylation of PI3K/AKT/JNK proteins, increased colon caspase 3 and downregulated cyclin D1. Microscopically, α-hederin, in combination with carboplatin, produced the most reduction in the histologic hyperplasia score, enhanced the goblet cell survival in periodic acid Schiff staining and reduced proliferation (Ki-67 immunostaining) in the current colon hyperplasia model. Collectively, the current study highlighted for the first time that using α-hederin as an adjuvant to carboplatin enhanced its chemopreventive activity, improved JNK signaling and increased apoptosis. Hence, further studies are warranted to test α-hederin as a promising candidate with chemotherapeutic agents in treating colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda I Bahr
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Afaf T Ibrahiem
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Attia M Gabr
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.,Pharmacology and Therapeutics Department, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaaeldeen M Elbahaie
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Hoda S Elmahdi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Nema Soliman
- Department of Histology & Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Amal M Youssef
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Sherbiny
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Almaarefa University, Ad Diriyah, Saudi Arabia.,Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Sawsan A Zaitone
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Wang H, Wang DH, Yang X, Sun Y, Yang CS. Colitis-induced IL11 promotes colon carcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis 2020; 42:557-569. [PMID: 33196831 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgaa122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colitis increases the risk of colorectal cancer; however, the mechanism of the association between colitis and cancer remains largely unknown. To identify colitis-associated cancer promoting factors, we investigated gene expression changes caused by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. By analyzing gene expression profiles, we found that IL11 was upregulated in DSS-induced colitis tissue and 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]-pyridine (PhIP)/DSS-induced colon tumours in mice as well as in human colorectal cancer. By characterizing the activation/phosphorylation of STAT3 (pSTAT3), we found that pSTAT3 was induced transiently in colitis, but maintained at higher levels from hyper-proliferative dysplastic lesions to tumours. Using the IL11 receptor (IL11Rα1) knockout mice, we found that pSTAT3 in the newly regenerated crypt epithelial cells in colitis is abolished in IL11Rα1+/- and -/- mice, suggesting that colitis-induced IL11 activates STAT3 in colon crypt epithelial cells. Moreover, colitis-promoted colon carcinogenesis was significantly reduced in IL11Rα1+/- and -/- mice. To determine the roles of the IL11 in colitis, we found that the inhibition of IL11 signalling by recombinant IL11 antagonist mutein during colitis was sufficient to attenuate colitis-promoted carcinogenesis. Together, our results demonstrated that colitis-induced IL11 plays critical roles in creating cancer promoting microenvironment to facilitate the development of colon cancer from dormant premalignant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - David H Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Xu Yang
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Yuhai Sun
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Chung S Yang
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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11
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Brasiel PGDA, Dutra Luquetti SCP, Peluzio MDCG, Novaes RD, Gonçalves RV. Preclinical Evidence of Probiotics in Colorectal Carcinogenesis: A Systematic Review. Dig Dis Sci 2020; 65:3197-3210. [PMID: 31960202 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-020-06062-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer, the second major cause of cancer deaths, imposes a major health burden worldwide. There is growing evidence that supports that the use of probiotics is effective against various diseases, especially in gastrointestinal diseases, including the colorectal cancer, but the differences between the strains, dose, and frequency used are not yet clear. AIMS To perform a systematic review to compile the results of studies carried out in animal models and investigated the effect of probiotics on colorectal carcinogenesis. METHODS Studies were selected in PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Search filters were developed using three parameters: probiotics, colorectal cancer, and animal model. RESULTS From a structured search, we discovered 34 original articles and submitted them to a risk of bias analysis using SYRCLE's tool. The studies show a great diversity of models, most were conducted in rats (55.8%) and used 1,2 dimethylhydrazine as the drug to induce colorectal carcinogenesis (61.7%). The vast majority of trials investigated Lactobacillus (64%) and Bifidobacterium (29.4%) strains. Twenty-six (86.6%) studies found significant reduction in lesions or tumors in the animals that received probiotics. The main methodological limitation was the insufficient amount of information for the adequate reproducibility of the trials, which indicated a high risk of bias due to incomplete characterization of the experimental design. CONCLUSIONS The different probiotics' strains showed anti-carcinogenic effect, reduced the development of lesions and intestinal tumors, antioxidant and immunomodulatory activity, and reduced fecal bacterial enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rômulo Dias Novaes
- Department of Structural Biology, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
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12
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Ramos Caetano BF, Baptista Tablas M, Ribeiro Romualdo G, Marchesan Rodrigues MA, Barbisan LF. Early molecular events associated with liver and colon sub-acute responses to 1,2-dimethylhydrazine: Potential implications on preneoplastic and neoplastic lesion development. Toxicol Lett 2020; 329:67-79. [PMID: 32387197 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study unveiled the early cellular and molecular events induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) in the colon and liver and their implications on pre- and neoplastic lesion burden in a late timepoint. Male Wistar rats received four DMH injections (40 mg/kg body weight) for 2 weeks and were sacrificed 24 h (short-term study) or 22 (medium-term study) weeks after the last DMH administration. In the short-term study, DMH led to increased leukocyte (comet assay) and colon (H2AX) genotoxicity, enhanced proliferation (Ki-67) and apoptosis (caspase-3) indexes in both liver and colon. Furthermore, the expression of mRNA (Cat, Gsta1, Gsta2, Gpx1, Gstm1, Sod1, Sod2 and Sod3) and the activity of antioxidant agents were diminished in the colon and liver of DMH-induced rats, eliciting an environment of oxidative stress featuring elevated lipid hydroperoxide levels. Apoptosis effectors were upregulated in the liver (Bax, Casp3 and Fas), and developmental genes were downregulated in both colon and liver (Foxa1, Foxa2, Smad2 and Smad4). In the medium-term study, DMH led to a high number of preneoplastic colonic aberrant crypt foci and tumors (adenomas and invasive adenocarcinomas) but few preneoplastic hepatic glutathione S-transferase (GST-P)-positive foci. Our novel gene expression data highlights overlooked mechanisms in the liver (main metabolizing organ) and colon (main target organ) on toxicity and carcinogenesis induced by repeated doses of DMH, as both organs should be considered in further interventions on the initiation stage of colon carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariana Baptista Tablas
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Ribeiro Romualdo
- Department of Pathology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Luís Fernando Barbisan
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
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13
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Lee CW, Chen HJ, Chien YH, Hsia SM, Chen JH, Shih CK. Synbiotic Combination of Djulis ( Chenopodium formosanum) and Lactobacillus acidophilus Inhibits Colon Carcinogenesis in Rats. Nutrients 2019; 12:nu12010103. [PMID: 31905929 PMCID: PMC7019357 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Djulis is a functional grain containing prebiotic dietary fiber, which has an anti-cancer potential. This study examined the preventive effect of djulis alone or in combination with Lactobacillus acidophilus on colon carcinogenesis induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Rats were divided into five groups and fed B (AIN-93G, blank), C (AIN-93G, control), D (10% djulis), DLA (10% djulis plus 5 × 106 cfu L. acidophilus/g), and DHA (10% djulis plus 5 × 107 cfu L. acidophilus/g) diets, respectively. All rats except for those in group B received three doses of DMH (40 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injection and 3% DSS in drinking water. After 10 weeks of feeding, the colon was analyzed for precancerous lesions and biomarkers. DMH and DSS treatment induced aberrant crypt foci (ACF), especially in the distal colon. D, DLA, and DHA significantly reduced the numbers of total ACF, sialomucin-producing ACF (SIM-ACF), and mucin-depleted foci (MDF) in the distal colon compared to C. Additionally, DLA and DHA further downregulated the expressions of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and regulated apoptosis-related proteins. These results suggest that synbiotic combination of djulis and L. acidophilus shows the best inhibitory effect on colon carcinogenesis via regulation of proliferative, inflammatory, and apoptotic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Wei Lee
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (C.-W.L.); (Y.-H.C.); (S.-M.H.)
| | - Hong-Jhang Chen
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Hua Chien
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (C.-W.L.); (Y.-H.C.); (S.-M.H.)
| | - Shih-Min Hsia
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (C.-W.L.); (Y.-H.C.); (S.-M.H.)
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- School of Food Safety, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Jiann-Hwa Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan;
| | - Chun-Kuang Shih
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (C.-W.L.); (Y.-H.C.); (S.-M.H.)
- School of Food Safety, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Master Program in Food Safety, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-(2)-2736-1661 (ext. 6569)
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14
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Kobaek-Larsen M, Baatrup G, K. Notabi M, El-Houri RB, Pipó-Ollé E, Christensen Arnspang E, Christensen LP. Dietary Polyacetylenic Oxylipins Falcarinol and Falcarindiol Prevent Inflammation and Colorectal Neoplastic Transformation: A Mechanistic and Dose-Response Study in A Rat Model. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092223. [PMID: 31540047 PMCID: PMC6769548 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Falcarinol (FaOH) and falcarindiol (FaDOH) are cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory polyacetylenic oxylipins, which are commonly found in the carrot family (Apiaceae). FaOH and FaDOH have previously demonstrated a chemopreventive effect on precursor lesions of colorectal cancer (CRC) in azoxymethane (AOM)-induced rats. The purpose of the present study was to elucidate possible mechanisms of action for the preventive effect of FaOH and FaDOH on colorectal precancerous lesions and to determine how this effect was dependent on dose. Gene expression studies performed by RT-qPCR of selected cancer biomarkers in tissue from biopsies of neoplastic tissue revealed that FaOH and FaDOH downregulated NF-κβ and its downstream inflammatory markers TNFα, IL-6, and COX-2. The dose-dependent anti-neoplastic effect of FaOH and FaDOH in AOM-induced rats was investigated in groups of 20 rats receiving a standard rat diet (SRD) supplemented with 0.16, 0.48, 1.4, 7 or 35 µg FaOH and FaDOH g−1 feed in the ratio 1:1 and 20 rats were controls receiving only SRD. Analysis of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) showed that the average number of small ACF (<7 crypts) and large ACF (>7 crypts) decreased with increasing dose of FaOH and FaDOH and that this inhibitory effect on early neoplastic formation of ACF was dose-dependent, which was also the case for the total number of macroscopic neoplasms. The CRC protective effects of apiaceous vegetables are mainly due to the inhibitory effect of FaOH and FaDOH on NF-κB and its downstream inflammatory markers, especially COX-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Kobaek-Larsen
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark;
- Department of Surgery, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +45-2461-3161
| | - Gunnar Baatrup
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark;
- Department of Surgery, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Martine K. Notabi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark; (M.K.N.); (R.B.E.-H.); (E.P.-O.); (E.C.A.)
| | - Rime Bahij El-Houri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark; (M.K.N.); (R.B.E.-H.); (E.P.-O.); (E.C.A.)
| | - Emma Pipó-Ollé
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark; (M.K.N.); (R.B.E.-H.); (E.P.-O.); (E.C.A.)
| | - Eva Christensen Arnspang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark; (M.K.N.); (R.B.E.-H.); (E.P.-O.); (E.C.A.)
| | - Lars Porskjær Christensen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Aalborg University, 6700 Esbjerg, Denmark;
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15
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de Moura NA, Caetano BFR, de Moraes LN, Carvalho RF, Rodrigues MAM, Barbisan LF. Enhancement of colon carcinogenesis by the combination of indole-3 carbinol and synbiotics in hemin-fed rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 112:11-18. [PMID: 29269057 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC) could be associated with red and processed meat intake. Experimental data supports that hemin iron, found abundantly in red meat, promotes CRC in mice and rats, while indole-3 carbinol (I3C) and synbiotics (syn) exert anti-carcinogenic activities in most studies of colon carcinogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the modifying effects of I3C and syn (inulin + Bifidobacterium lactis), given separately or together, on dimethylhidrazine (DMH)-induced colon carcinogenesis in hemin-fed rats. All animals were given four subcutaneous DMH injections and then, two weeks after carcinogen exposure, they began a basal diet containing hemin, hemin + I3C, hemin + syn, or hemin + I3C + syn for 23 weeks. The combination of I3C + syn significantly increased fecal water genotoxicity, tumor volume and invasiveness when compared to the hemin-fed control group. The groups fed I3C or syn alone had a significant reduction in the number of preneoplastic aberrant crypt foci (ACF) lesions compared to the hemin-fed group. Dietary I3C also reduced fecal water genotoxicity. Gene expression analysis of colorectal tumors demonstrated that the combination of dietary I3C + syn increased transcript levels for Raf1 and decreased tumor progression and invasiveness related to the genes Cdh1 and Appl1. This analysis also revealed that the Tnf and Cdh1 genes were significantly up- and down-regulated, respectively, in tumors of rats that received I3C, in comparison with the hemin-fed group. These findings reveal that the joint administration of I3C and syn enhanced the development of colon tumors induced by DMH in hemin-fed rats, while they potentially reduced ACF development when given alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelci A de Moura
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP 18618-689, Brazil
| | - Brunno F R Caetano
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP 18618-689, Brazil
| | - Leonardo N de Moraes
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP 18618-689, Brazil
| | - Robson F Carvalho
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP 18618-689, Brazil
| | - Maria A M Rodrigues
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP 18610-307, Brazil
| | - Luis F Barbisan
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP 18618-689, Brazil.
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16
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Quantitative metabolomics for investigating the value of polyamines in the early diagnosis and therapy of colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 9:4583-4592. [PMID: 29435126 PMCID: PMC5796997 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
As an important biomarker for cancer, polyamine levels in body fluid could be employed for monitoring the colorectal cancer (CRC), however the role of polyamines in the development and therapeutics phases of CRC remains uncertain. In this paper, the relationship between polyamines and CRC development and therapeutics had been investigated by the study of changes in plasma polyamine levels during the precancerous, developmental and treatment phases of CRC. After inducing CRC in Wistar rats by intraperitoneal injection of 1, 2-dimethylhydrazine, the animals were given a traditional Chinese medicine, Aidi injections. Firstly, the polyamine levels in the plasma of CRC, healthy and medicated rats were measured by UHPLC-MS/MS assay. In addition, Lasso regression analysis was used for screening and confirming the key markers, which can be employed for distinguishing the healthy and CRC rats as well as the CRC and medication rats. The results obtained showed that polyamine metabolism had been disrupted by CRC but returned to normal levels following Aidi injections and, in particular, putrescine and agmatine were closely correlated with CRC. Our results demonstrate the potential value of plasma polyamine metabolic profiling during the early diagnosis and medical treatment of CRC. Also, the integrated method of polyamine metabolite target analysis and lasso regression analysis can be applied in metabolomics for seeking the differential metabolites.
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17
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Preventive Effects of Pentoxifylline on the Development of Colonic Premalignant Lesions in Obese and Diabetic Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18020413. [PMID: 28212276 PMCID: PMC5343947 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and its related metabolic abnormalities, including enhanced oxidative stress and chronic inflammation, are closely related to colorectal tumorigenesis. Pentoxifylline (PTX), a methylxanthine derivative, has been reported to suppress the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and possess anti-inflammatory properties. The present study investigated the effects of PTX on the development of carcinogen-induced colorectal premalignant lesions in obese and diabetic mice. Male C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice, which are severely obese and diabetic, were administered weekly subcutaneous injections of the colonic carcinogen azoxymethane (15 mg/kg body weight) for four weeks and then received drinking water containing 125 or 500 ppm PTX for eight weeks. At the time of sacrifice, PTX administration markedly suppressed the development of premalignant lesions in the colorectum. The levels of oxidative stress markers were significantly decreased in the PTX-treated group compared with those in the untreated control group. In PTX-administered mice, the mRNA expression levels of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, interleukin (IL)-6, and TNF-α, and the number of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-positive cells in the colonic mucosa, were significantly reduced. These observations suggest that PTX attenuated chronic inflammation and oxidative stress, and prevented the development of colonic tumorigenesis in an obesity-related colon cancer model.
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18
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Refaat B, El-Shemi AG, Mohamed AM, Kensara OA, Ahmad J, Idris S. Activins and their related proteins in colon carcinogenesis: insights from early and advanced azoxymethane rat models of colon cancer. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:879. [PMID: 27835986 PMCID: PMC5106801 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2914-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Activin-A may exert pro- or anti-tumorigenic activities depending on cellular context. However, little is known about its role, or the other mature activin proteins, in colorectal carcinoma (CRC). This study measured the expression of activin βA- & βB-subunits, activin type IIA & IIB receptors, smads 2/3/4/6/7 and follistatin in CRC induced by azoxymethane (AOM) in rats. The results were compared with controls and disseminated according to the characteristics of histopathological lesions. Methods Eighty male Wistar rats were allocated into 20 controls and the remaining were equally divided between short ‘S-AOM’ (15 weeks) and long ‘L-AOM’ (35 weeks) groups following injecting AOM for 2 weeks. Subsequent to gross and histopathological examinations and digital image analysis, the expression of all molecules was measured by immunohistochemistry and quantitative RT-PCR. Activin-A, activin-B, activin-AB and follistatin were measured by ELISA in serum and colon tissue homogenates. Results Colonic pre-neoplastic and cancerous lesions were identified in both AOM groups and their numbers and sizes were significantly (P < 0.05) greater in the L-AOM group. All the molecules were expressed in normal colonic epithelial cells. There was a significantly (P < 0.05) greater expression of βA-subunit, IIB receptor and follistatin in both pre-neoplastic and cancerous tissues. Oppositely, a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in the remaining molecules was detected in both AOM groups. Metastatic lesions were only observed within the L-AOM group and were associated with the most significant alterations of all molecules. Significantly higher concentrations of activin-A and follistatin and lower activin-AB were also detected in both groups of AOM. Tissue and serum concentrations of activin-A and follistatin correlated positively, while tissue activin-AB inversely, and significantly with the numbers and sizes of colonic lesions. Conclusions Normal rat colon epithelial cells are capable of synthesising, controlling as well as responding to activins in a paracrine/autocrine manner. Colonic activin systems are pathologically altered during tumorigenesis and appear to be time and lesion-dependent. Activins could also be potential sensitive markers and/or molecular targets for the diagnosis and/or treatment of CRC. Further studies are required to illustrate the clinical value of activins and their related proteins in colon cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-016-2914-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassem Refaat
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Adel Galal El-Shemi
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Amr Mohamed Mohamed
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis, Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, 71526, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Osama Adnan Kensara
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jawwad Ahmad
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Shakir Idris
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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19
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Sepporta MV, Fuccelli R, Rosignoli P, Ricci G, Servili M, Fabiani R. Oleuropein Prevents Azoxymethane-Induced Colon Crypt Dysplasia and Leukocytes DNA Damage in A/J Mice. J Med Food 2016; 19:983-989. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2016.0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vittoria Sepporta
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Raffaela Fuccelli
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Patrizia Rosignoli
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ricci
- Laboratory of Histology, Central Animal Unit, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Servili
- Food Science and Technology Unit, Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Science, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberto Fabiani
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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20
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Ajayi BO, Adedara IA, Farombi EO. Benzo(a)pyrene induces oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokines, expression of nuclear factor-kappa B and deregulation of wnt/beta-catenin signaling in colons of BALB/c mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 95:42-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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21
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Hodgson A, Wier EM, Fu K, Sun X, Wan F. Ultrasound imaging of splenomegaly as a proxy to monitor colon tumor development in Apc(min716/+) mice. Cancer Med 2016; 5:2469-76. [PMID: 27485505 PMCID: PMC5055147 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal models of colon cancer are widely used to understand the molecular mechanisms and pathogenesis of the disease. These animal models require a substantial investment of time and traditionally necessitate the killing of the animal to measure the tumor progression. Several in vivo imaging techniques are being used in both human clinics and preclinical studies, albeit at high cost and requiring particular expertise. Here, we report that the progression of splenomegaly coincides with and positively correlates to colon tumor development in Apcmin716/+ mice expressing a mutant gene encoding an adenomatous polyposis coli protein truncated at amino acid 716. Ultrasound image‐based spleen size measurement precisely mirrors splenomegaly development in vivo in the tumor‐laden Apcmin716/+ mice. Moreover, the spleen dimensions extracted from the ultrasound sonograms are positively correlated with normalized spleen weight and the number and area of colon tumors. Hence, we propose measuring the spleen size in vivo by ultrasound imaging as a novel approach to estimate splenomegaly development and to indirectly monitor colon tumor development in Apcmin716/+ mice. The widespread use of ultrasound machines in the laboratory setting, coupled with the fact that it is a noninvasive method, make it a straightforward and useful tool for monitoring the experimental progress of colon cancer in mice and determining end points without killing animals strictly for diagnostics purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Hodgson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21025
| | - Eric M Wier
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21025
| | - Kai Fu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21025
| | - Xin Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21025
| | - Fengyi Wan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21025. .,Department of Oncology and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21287.
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22
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Nelson B, Cray N, Ai Y, Fang Y, Liu P, Whitley EM, Birt D. Effect of Dietary-Resistant Starch on Inhibition of Colonic Preneoplasia andWntSignaling in Azoxymethane-Induced Rodent Models. Nutr Cancer 2016; 68:1052-63. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2016.1192203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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23
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Fan YY, Callaway E, M Monk J, S Goldsby J, Yang P, Vincent L, S Chapkin R. A New Model to Study the Role of Arachidonic Acid in Colon Cancer Pathophysiology. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2016; 9:750-7. [PMID: 27339171 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-16-0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A significant increase in cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) gene expression has been shown to promote cylcooxygenase-dependent colon cancer development. Controversy associated with the role of COX2 inhibitors indicates that additional work is needed to elucidate the effects of arachidonic acid (AA)-derived (cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase) eicosanoids in cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis. We have recently developed a novel Fads1 knockout mouse model that allows for the investigation of AA-dependent eicosanoid deficiency without the complication of essential fatty acid deficiency. Interestingly, the survival rate of Fads1-null mice is severely compromised after 2 months on a semi-purified AA-free diet, which precludes long-term chemoprevention studies. Therefore, in this study, dietary AA levels were titrated to determine the minimal level required for survival, while maintaining a distinct AA-deficient phenotype. Null mice supplemented with AA (0.1%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 2.0%, w/w) in the diet exhibited a dose-dependent increase (P < 0.05) in AA, PGE2, 6-keto PGF1α, TXB2, and EdU-positive proliferative cells in the colon. In subsequent experiments, null mice supplemented with 0.6% AA diet were injected with a colon-specific carcinogen (azoxymethane) in order to assess cancer susceptibility. Null mice exhibited significantly (P < 0.05) reduced levels/multiplicity of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) as compared with wild-type sibling littermate control mice. These data indicate that (i) basal/minimal dietary AA supplementation (0.6%) expands the utility of the Fads1-null mouse model for long-term cancer prevention studies and (ii) that AA content in the colonic epithelium modulates colon cancer risk. Cancer Prev Res; 9(9); 750-7. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Yi Fan
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Evelyn Callaway
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Jennifer M Monk
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Jennifer S Goldsby
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Peiying Yang
- Department of Palliative, Rehabilitation and Integrative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Logan Vincent
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Robert S Chapkin
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas. Center for Translational Environmental Health Research, College Station, Texas.
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The Impact of Dietary Energy Intake Early in Life on the Colonic Microbiota of Adult Mice. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19083. [PMID: 26744222 PMCID: PMC4705468 DOI: 10.1038/srep19083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex and dynamic interactions between diet, gut microbiota (GM) structure and function, and colon carcinogenesis are only beginning to be elucidated. We examined the colonic microbiota and aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in C57BL/6N female mice fed various dietary interventions (control, energy restricted and high-fat) provided during two phases (initiation and progression) of azoxymethane (AOM)-induced early colon carcinogenesis. During progression (wks. 22–60), a high-fat diet enhanced ACF formation compared to a control or energy restricted diet. In contrast, energy restriction during initiation phase (wks. 3–21) enhanced ACF burden at 60 weeks, regardless of the diet in progression phase. Alterations in GM structure during the initiation phase diet were partially maintained after changing diets during the progression phase. However, diet during the progression phase had major effects on the mucosal GM. Energy restriction in the progression phase increased Firmicutes and reduced Bacteroidetes compared to a high-fat diet, regardless of initiation phase diet, suggesting that diet may have both transient effects as well as a lasting impact on GM composition. Integration of early life and adult dietary impacts on the colonic microbial structure and function with host molecular processes involved in colon carcinogenesis will be key to defining preventive strategies.
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Novaes RD, Sequetto PL, Vilela Gonçalves R, Cupertino MC, Santos EC, Mello VJ, Araújo MR, Silva E, Oliveira TT. Depletion of enteroendocrine and mucus-secreting cells is associated with colorectal carcinogenesis severity and impaired intestinal motility in rats. Microsc Res Tech 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rômulo Dias Novaes
- Department of Structural Biology; Federal University of Alfenas; Minas Gerais 37130-000 Brazil
| | - Priscila Lima Sequetto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences-Health area; Federal University of Juiz de Fora; Minas Gerais 35010-172 Brazil
| | | | - Marli Carmo Cupertino
- Department of General Biology; Federal University of Viçosa; Minas Gerais 36570-000 Brazil
| | | | - Vanessa Joia Mello
- Institute of Biological Sciences Federal University of Para; PA 66075-110 Brazil
| | - Marta Rocha Araújo
- Department of General Biology; Federal University of Viçosa; Minas Gerais 36570-000 Brazil
| | - Edson Silva
- Department of General Biology; Federal University of Viçosa; Minas Gerais 36570-000 Brazil
| | - Tânia Toledo Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Federal University of Viçosa; Minas Gerais 36570-000 Brazil
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26
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Sonoda J, Seki Y, Hakura A, Hosokawa S. Time course of the incidence/multiplicity and histopathological features of murine colonic dysplasia, adenoma and adenocarcinoma induced by benzo[a]pyrene and dextran sulfate sodium. J Toxicol Pathol 2015; 28:109-20. [PMID: 26028820 PMCID: PMC4444509 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2014-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (BP) is mutagenic but noncarcinogenic in the murine colon. Recently, we reported rapid induction of colonic tumors by treatment of CD2F1 mice with BP (125 mg/kg for 5 days) followed by a colitis inducer, dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) (4% in drinking water for 1 or 2 weeks). However, there are no reports on detailed time course and histopathological features of colonic proliferative lesions in this model. Here, we show the detailed time course of colonic dysplasia, adenoma and adenocarcinoma induced by treatment with BP, DSS, and a combination of the two (BP/DSS). In the colon of mice exposed to BP/DSS, 14.6 dysplastic foci per mouse were present one week after DSS treatment (week 4). The number of dysplastic foci decreased with time to 3.1 at week 9 and thereafter remained almost constant. At week 4, 1.5 adenocarcinomas were also observed, with a marked increase in numbers with time, reaching 29.3 at week 14. In contrast, the number of dysplastic foci induced by DSS alone showed a time course similar to that following BP/DSS treatment; however, only a few tumors appeared. Neither dysplastic foci nor neoplastic lesions were induced by BP only. In mice exposed to BP/DSS, β-catenin was demonstrated immunohistochemically in the nucleus and/or cytoplasm of the tumor cells, and this translocation from the cell membrane was evident in subsets of dysplastic foci. In dysplastic foci induced by DSS alone, β-catenin was absent in the nucleus/cytoplasm. These finding suggest that aberrant β-catenin accumulation in dysplastic foci is associated with tumor progression in this BP/DSS model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiro Sonoda
- Tsukuba Drug Safety, Global Drug Safety, Biopharmaceutical Assessments Core Function Unit, Eisai Co., Ltd., 5-1-3 Tokodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2635, Japan
| | - Yuki Seki
- Tsukuba Drug Safety, Global Drug Safety, Biopharmaceutical Assessments Core Function Unit, Eisai Co., Ltd., 5-1-3 Tokodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2635, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hakura
- Tsukuba Drug Safety, Global Drug Safety, Biopharmaceutical Assessments Core Function Unit, Eisai Co., Ltd., 5-1-3 Tokodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2635, Japan
| | - Satoru Hosokawa
- Tsukuba Drug Safety, Global Drug Safety, Biopharmaceutical Assessments Core Function Unit, Eisai Co., Ltd., 5-1-3 Tokodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2635, Japan
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