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Xia L, Yang M, He M, Jiang M, Qin C, Wei Z, Gao H. Food emulsifier glycerin monostearate aggravates phthalates’ testicular toxicity by disrupting tight junctions’ barrier function in rats. FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/fqsafe/fyab002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
This study aimed to investigate the effect of the widely used food emulsifier glycerin monostearate (GM) on testicular toxicity caused by the mixture of three commonly used phthalate esters (MPEs) in rats, and further to explore the underlying mechanism.
Materials and Methods
Thirty male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups. Rats were orally treated with 160 mg/kg/d MPEs in the MPEs group; coinstantaneously treated with 160 mg/kg/d MPEs and 200 mg/kg/d GM in the MPEs + GM group; and treated with the excipient in the control group. The intervention lasted for 5 weeks. Testis weight, epididymis weight, testicular histopathology, and serum testosterone were detected for testicular toxicity evaluation. The testicular ultrastructure, the tight junction proteins zonula occluden (ZO)-1, and claudin were measured for the mechanism exploration.
Results
The body weight, epididymis, serum testosterone level, and anogenital distance in the MPEs + GM group were significantly decreased compared with control group (P < 0.05); Testicular histopathological observation showed that shed spermatids were observed in the MPEs + GM group. Ultrastructural observation of testicular cells showed that the cristae number was decreased in some mitochondria in the MPEs group, whereas the cristae were fused and disappeared in most mitochondria in the MPEs + GM group. The tight junctions were broken in the MPEs + GM group; meanwhile, the expression of ZO-1 and claudin were altered in the MPEs + GM group (P < 0.01).
Conclusions
The results from this study indicated that GM aggravated MPEs’ testicular toxicity, which might relate to the injured mitochondria and damaged tight junctions in testicular tissue.
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Satake S, Nakamura C, Minamide Y, Kudo S, Maeda H, Chihaya Y, Kamimura Y, Miyajima H, Sasaki J, Goryo M, Okada K. Effect of a Large Dose of Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) on Hepatic Peroxisome in Cynomolgus Monkeys (Macaca Fascicularis). J Toxicol Pathol 2010; 23:75-83. [PMID: 22272015 PMCID: PMC3234641 DOI: 10.1293/tox.23.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2009] [Accepted: 12/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To elucidate the effect of a large dose of di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
(DEHP), a plasticizer and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α
(PPARα) agonist, on hepatic peroxisomes, we orally administered 1,000
mg/kg/day, once daily, to 3 male and 4 female cynomolgus monkeys for 28
days consecutively. Light-microscopic and electron microscopic examinations
of the liver were carried out in conjunction with measurement of the
hepatic fatty acid β-oxidation system (FAOS), carnitine
acetyltransferase (CAT) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT)
activities, which are peroxisomal and/or mitochondrial enzyme activities.
Electron microscopically, enlargement of the mitochondria was observed with
lamellar orientation of the cristae along the major axis. Although the
number of peroxisomes showed a tendency to increase when compared with
those in a biopsied specimen before treatment, no abnormality in morphology
was observed. A slight increase in CPT activity was noted at termination.
No changes were noted in hepatic FAOS or CAT activity. In conclusion,
although repeated oral treatment of cynomolgus monkeys with a large dose of
DEHP induced a subtle increase in the numbers of peroxisomes with slight
enlargements of the mitochondria, this low-sensitivity response to
peroxisome proliferators in cynomolgus monkeys was considered to be closer
to the response in humans than that in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Satake
- Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories Co., Ltd., 2438
Miyanoura Kagoshima-shi, Kagoshima 891-1394, Japan
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture,
Iwate University, 3–18–8 Ueda, Morioka-shi, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu
University, 1–1 Yanagido, Gifu-shi, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Chika Nakamura
- Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories Co., Ltd., 2438
Miyanoura Kagoshima-shi, Kagoshima 891-1394, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Minamide
- Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories Co., Ltd., 2438
Miyanoura Kagoshima-shi, Kagoshima 891-1394, Japan
| | - Shinobu Kudo
- Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories Co., Ltd., 2438
Miyanoura Kagoshima-shi, Kagoshima 891-1394, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Maeda
- Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories Co., Ltd., 2438
Miyanoura Kagoshima-shi, Kagoshima 891-1394, Japan
| | - Yutaka Chihaya
- Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories Co., Ltd., 2438
Miyanoura Kagoshima-shi, Kagoshima 891-1394, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kamimura
- Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories Co., Ltd., 2438
Miyanoura Kagoshima-shi, Kagoshima 891-1394, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Miyajima
- Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories Co., Ltd., 2438
Miyanoura Kagoshima-shi, Kagoshima 891-1394, Japan
| | - Jun Sasaki
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture,
Iwate University, 3–18–8 Ueda, Morioka-shi, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Masanobu Goryo
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture,
Iwate University, 3–18–8 Ueda, Morioka-shi, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu
University, 1–1 Yanagido, Gifu-shi, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Kosuke Okada
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture,
Iwate University, 3–18–8 Ueda, Morioka-shi, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu
University, 1–1 Yanagido, Gifu-shi, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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Sano T, Ozaki K, Matsuura T, Narama I. Giant mitochondria in pancreatic acinar cells of alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Toxicol Pathol 2010; 38:658-65. [PMID: 20448086 DOI: 10.1177/0192623310368982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This was a study of the microscopic, ultrastructural, immunohistochemical, and enzyme cytochemical features of giant eosinophilic granules encountered in pancreatic acinar cells of alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Seven male F344 rats with diabetes induced by a single i.v. dose of alloxan were sacrificed after twenty-five weeks of treatment. Histologically, the pancreatic acini were diffusely atrophied, and the islets showed marked atrophy or had disappeared, and giant eosinophilic granules and small vacuoles were observed in almost all acinar cells. The eosinophilic granules showed negative reactions for periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and acid phosphatase, as well as fat stains such as Nile blue, Oil red O, and Sudan III. Ultrastructurally, the giant eosinophilic granules were huge structures surrounded by a double membrane containing many irregular cristae. A large amount of small lipid droplets was also apparent in the basal area of the acinar cells. Immunohistochemical analysis of prohibitin, a kind of protein located in the mitochondrial inner membrane, was partially positive in the marginal area of some giant eosinophilic granules, but negative for the central area. The enzyme activity for succinic dehydrogenase (SDH), one of the mitochondrial enzymes, showed a localizing pattern similar to that of prohibitin. These findings confirmed that the giant eosinophilic granules in the exocrine pancreas of alloxan-induced diabetic rats were giant mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Sano
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Osaka, Japan
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