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Chaikritsadakarn A, Witthayawirasak B, Muenhor D, DeLaune RD, Muenpo C. Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate effects on the growth, development, and reproduction of Moina macrocopa (Crustacea: Cladocera). Heliyon 2024; 10:e28377. [PMID: 38596063 PMCID: PMC11002546 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is used as a plasticizer in plastics. The effects of DEHP on terrestrial vertebrates have been extensively reported but the effects of DEHP contamination on aquatic ecosystems have not been thoroughly studied. Since water bodies are one of the main mediums through which DEHP is released worldwide, the impacts of DEHP contamination should be manifested in water fleas. Therefore, maternal Moina macrocopa were exposed to 1, 10, 100, and 1000 μg/L concentrations of DEHP. Changes in growth and reproduction were evaluated. The findings demonstrated that DEHP exposure did not have a negative impact on growth or the ability to reproduce. An analysis of the ovary yolk body (YB) demonstrated that the average size and number of yolk bodies (YBs) produced by M. macrocopa exposed to 1000 μg/L DEHP were not significantly different to the average size and number of YBs produced in blank control and solvent control conditions. These outcomes support the cellular pathology data gathered by other researchers. Nevertheless, when M. macrocopa was exposed to 1000 μg/L DEHP for five days, a significant increase in YB numbers was observed with changes in YB morphology. The critical cellular pathology of YB showed morphological abnormalities, including rod-shaped YBs, and YB density was higher than in the blank and solvent controls. Even though these results suggest that antioxidative stress can be induced by DEHP exposure, growth, and reproduction were not significantly different among exposed water fleas compared to fleas in the blank and solvent controls. The result was attributed to the antioxidant response of the water flea. In conclusion, the present study enhances our understanding of previous findings from risk assessments of DEHP contamination in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amornrat Chaikritsadakarn
- Faculty of Environmental Management, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Banchong Witthayawirasak
- Faculty of Environmental Management, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management (HSM), Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Dudsadee Muenhor
- Faculty of Environmental Management, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
- Health Impact Assessment Research Center, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management (HSM), Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Ronald D. DeLaune
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Chutchawan Muenpo
- Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
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Li X, Li M, Jiang N, Yao X, Wang Q, Lv H, Wang C, Wang J. Evaluation of soil ecological health after exposure to environmentally relevant doses of Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate: Insights from toxicological studies of earthworms at different ecological niches. Environ Pollut 2023; 322:121204. [PMID: 36754202 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
As one of the most critical soil faunas in agroecosystems, earthworms are significant in preserving soil ecological health. Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a major plasticizer and widely used in plastic products like agricultural films. However, it has become ubiquitous contaminant in agricultural soil and poses a potential threat to soil health. Although the awareness of the impacts of DEHP on soil ecology is increasing, its adverse effects on soil invertebrates, especially earthworms, are still not well developed. In this study, the ecotoxicological effects and underlying mechanisms of environmentally relevant doses DEHP on earthworms of different ecological niches were investigated at the individual, cytological, and biochemical levels, respectively. Results showed that the acute toxicity of DEHP to M. guillelmi was higher than E. foetida. DEHP induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and further caused oxidative damage (including cellular DNA and lipid peroxidation damage) in both species, speculating that they may exhibit similar oxidative stress mechanisms. Furthermore, two earthworms presented the alleviated toxicity when re-cultured in uncontaminated circumstances, yet, the accumulated ROS in bodies could not be completely scavenged. Risk assessment indicated that the detrimental impacts of DEHP were more significant in the M. guillelmi than in E. foetida in whole experiments prides, and the biomarkers additionally showed a species-specific trend. Besides, molecular docking revealed that DEHP could bind to the active center of superoxide dismutase/catalase (SOD/CAT) by hydrogen bonding or hydrophobic interactions. Overall, this study will provide a novel insight for accurate contaminant risk assessment, and also highlight that the comprehensive biological effects of different species should be emphasized in soil ecological health diagnostics and environmental toxicology assays, as otherwise it may lead to underestimation or misestimation of the soil health risk of contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianxu Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271000, China
| | - Min'an Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271000, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271000, China; College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&; F University, Yangling, 712000, PR China
| | - Xiangfeng Yao
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271000, China
| | - Qian Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271000, China
| | - Huijuan Lv
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271000, China
| | - Can Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271000, China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271000, China.
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Chen L, Ye A, Liu X, Lu J, Xie Q, Guo Y, Sun W. Combined effect of co-exposure to di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalates and 50-Hz magnetic-fields on promoting human amniotic cells proliferation. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 224:112704. [PMID: 34455183 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) exist far and wide in our surroundings. Studies have reported that both of DEHP and ELF-EMFs could promote cell proliferation which is related with adverse bioeffects. In this study, we investigated whether there is the combined effect between DEHP and 50-Hz magnetic fields (MFs) on cell proliferation in human amniotic (FL) cells. Results revealed that the low-concentration DEHP (1 μM) could promote FL cell proliferation, whereas the high-dose DEHP (100 μM) inhibited cell proliferation. When FL cells were treated jointly by a 50-Hz, 0.2-mT MF and 0.1 μM DEHP, the proliferation rate of cells was significantly higher than that of single factor exposure. Additionally, co-exposure to under-threshold MF and DEHP could cooperatively activate protein kinase B (Akt), sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) and extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) in a cascade manner, and finally mediate cell proliferation. Taken together, the findings of this study indicated that the co-exposure to under-threshold MF and DEHP could jointly promote cell proliferation through activating proliferation-related signal pathway, which warned us that it should be cautious about assessing the underlying health hazards of co-exposure to MFs and DEHP at under-threshold levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangjing Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Bioelectromagnetics Key Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Anfang Ye
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaochen Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingchun Lu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Bioelectromagnetics Key Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qixin Xie
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Bioelectromagnetics Key Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yixin Guo
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Bioelectromagnetics Key Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenjun Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Bioelectromagnetics Key Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Martínez MA, Rovira J, Sharma RP, Nadal M, Schuhmacher M, Kumar V. Prenatal exposure estimation of BPA and DEHP using integrated external and internal dosimetry: A case study. Environ Res 2017; 158:566-575. [PMID: 28715785 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to Endocrine disruptors (EDs), such as Bisphenol A (BPA) and di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), has been associated with obesity and diabetes diseases in childhood, as well as reproductive, behavioral and neurodevelopment problems. The aim of this study was to estimate the prenatal exposure to BPA and DEHP through food consumption for pregnant women living in Tarragona County (Spain). Probabilistic calculations of prenatal exposure were estimated by integrated external and internal dosimetry modelling, physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model, using a Monte-Carlo simulation. Physical characteristic data from the cohort, along with food intake information from the questionnaires (concentrations of BPA and DEHP in different food categories and the range of the different food ratios), were used to estimate the value of the total dietary intake for the Tarragona pregnancy cohort. The major contributors to the total dietary intake of BPA were canned fruits and vegetables, followed by canned meat and meat products. In turn, milk and dairy products, followed by ready to eat food (including canned dinners), were the most important contributors to the total dietary intake of DEHP. Despite the dietary variations among the participants, the intakes of both chemicals were considerably lower than their respective current tolerable daily intake (TDI) values established by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Internal dosimetry estimates suggest that the plasma concentrations of free BPA and the most important DEHP metabolite, mono (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), in pregnant women were characterized by transient peaks (associated with meals) and short half-lives (< 2h). In contrast, fetal exposure was characterized by a low and sustained basal BPA and MEHP concentration due to a lack of metabolic activity in the fetus. Therefore, EDs may have a greater effect on developing organs in young children or in the unborn child.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Martínez
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - J Rovira
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain; Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - R Prasad Sharma
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - M Nadal
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - M Schuhmacher
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain; Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - V Kumar
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain; Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain.
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Espinoza JDG, Drogui P, Zolfaghari M, Dirany A, Ledesma MTO, Gortáres-Moroyoqui P, Buelna G. Performance of electrochemical oxidation process for removal of di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:12164-12173. [PMID: 26971515 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6304-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is the most detected and concentrated plasticizer in environment and wastewaters, worldwide. In this study, different operating parameters such as current intensity, treatment time, type of anodes, and supporting electrolytes were tested to optimized the electro-oxidation process (EOP) for the removal of DEHP in the presence of methanol as a dissolved organic matter. Among the anodes, the Nb/BDD showed the best degradation rate of DEHP, at low current intensity of 0.2 A after 90 min of treatment time with a percentage of degradation recorded of 81 %, compared to 70 % obtained with the Ti/IrO2-RuO2. Furthermore, due to the combination of direct and indirect oxidation, the removal of DEHP in the presence of 1 g/L Na2SO4 was higher than NaBr, even though the oxidant production of NaBr was 11.7 mmol/L against 3.5 mmol/L recorded in the presence of sulfate at 0.5 A and after 60 min of electrolysis time. Under optimal condition (current intensity = 0.5 A, time = 120 min, using Nb/BDD anode and Na2SO4 as supporting electrolyte), the removal of 87.2 % of DEHP was achieved. The total cost of 0.106 US$/m(3) of treated water was achieved based on economical optimization of reactor with current intensity of 0.2 A and 1 g/L Na2SO4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josué Daniel García Espinoza
- Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cd. Universitaria, 04510, México City, D.F., México
| | - Patrick Drogui
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS-Eau, Terre et Environnement), Université du Québec, 490 rue de la Couronne, Québec, QC, G1K 9A9, Canada.
| | - Mehdi Zolfaghari
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS-Eau, Terre et Environnement), Université du Québec, 490 rue de la Couronne, Québec, QC, G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Ahmad Dirany
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS-Eau, Terre et Environnement), Université du Québec, 490 rue de la Couronne, Québec, QC, G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Maria Teresa Orta Ledesma
- Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cd. Universitaria, 04510, México City, D.F., México
| | - Pablo Gortáres-Moroyoqui
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Ciencias Alimentarias, Dirección de Recursos Naturales, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, Ciudad Obregón, Sonora, México
| | - Gerardo Buelna
- Industrial research center of Quebec, 333 rue Franquet, Québec, QC, G1P 4C7, Canada
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Gou YY, Lin S, Que DE, Tayo LL, Lin DY, Chen KC, Chen FA, Chiang PC, Wang GS, Hsu YC, Chuang KP, Chuang CY, Tsou TC, Chao HR. Estrogenic effects in the influents and effluents of the drinking water treatment plants. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:8518-8528. [PMID: 26791027 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5946-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen-like endocrine disrupting compounds (EEDC) such as bisphenol A, nonylphenol, and phthalic acid esters are toxic compounds that may occur in both raw- and drinking water. The aim of this study was to combine chemical- and bioassay to evaluate the risk of EEDCs in the drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs). Fifty-six samples were collected from seven DWTPs located in northern-, central-, and southern Taiwan from 2011 to 2012 and subjected to chemical analyses and two bioassay methods for total estrogenic activity (E-Screen and T47D-KBluc assay). Among of the considered EEDCs, only dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) were detected in both drinking and raw water samples. DBP levels in drinking water ranged from <MDL to 0.840 μg/L and from <MDL to 0.760 μg/L in raw water. DEHP had higher detection rate (82.1 %) than other compounds and was present in both drinking water and raw water from all the DWTPs. The highest daily drinking water intake calculated for male and female were 0.0823 and 0.115 μg/kg per day. The two selected bioassays were conducted for the first batch of 56 samples and a detection rate of 23 % for estradiol equivalent (EEQ) lower than the LOQ to 1.3 and 15 % for EEQ lower than LOQ to 0.757 for the second 53 samples. Our results showed a good correlation between E-screen and chemical assay which indicates that a combination of both can be used in detecting EEDCs in environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-You Gou
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung County, 912, Taiwan
| | - Susana Lin
- International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung County, 912, Taiwan.
| | - Danielle E Que
- School of Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Mapúa Institute of Technology, Muralla St., Intramurous, Manila, 1002, Philippines
| | - Lemmuel L Tayo
- School of Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Mapúa Institute of Technology, Muralla St., Intramurous, Manila, 1002, Philippines
| | - Ding-Yan Lin
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung County, 912, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Chung Chen
- Emerging Compounds Research Center, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung County, 912, Taiwan
| | - Fu-An Chen
- Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy and Health Care, Tajen University, No.20, Weixin Rd., Yanpu Township, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Pen-Chi Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, 71 Chou-Shan Rd., Taipei City, Taiwan, 10673, Taiwan
| | - Gen-Shuh Wang
- Institute of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, No.17, Xuzhou Rd., Room 734, Taipei, 10055, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chyuan Hsu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kun Shan University, 195 Kunda Rd, Yung-Kang District, Tainan City, 710, Taiwan
| | - Kuo Pin Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Animal Vaccine Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, 1 Shuefu Rd, Neipu, Pingtung County, 912, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yu Chuang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Rd, Hsinchu City, 300, Taiwan
| | - Tsui-Chun Tsou
- Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, 350, Taiwan
| | - How-Ran Chao
- Emerging Compounds Research Center, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung County, 912, Taiwan.
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Lu J, Zhang J, Wang ZT, Fan YX. An estimation of the daily intake of di(2-ethlhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) among workers in flavoring factories. Biomed Environ Sci 2014; 27:419-425. [PMID: 24961851 DOI: 10.3967/bes2014.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the daily intake of DEHP among workers in flavoring factories. METHODS 71 workers in two flavoring manufacturers, 27 administrators in those factories and 31 laboratory technicians in a research institute were recruited and assigned to exposure group, control group 1 and control group 2 respectively. Their urinary DEHP metabolites, mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP), were detected by isotope dilution-ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS). The urinary metabolites concentrations were converted into DEHP intake levels using two pharmacokinetic models: the urine creatinine-excretion (UCE) one and the urine volume (UV) one. RESULTS No significant differences were found among the three groups. Based on the urinary concentrations of Σ₃MEHP, we got a median daily DEHP intake of 3.22 or 1.85 μg/kg body-weight/day applying the UV or UCE models respectively. Depending on the UV model, three subjects (2.34%) exceeded the RfD value given by US EPA and the P₅₀ of estimate daily DEHP intakes accounted for 16.10% of the RfD value. No subjects exceeded the limitation depending on the UCE model. CONCLUSION The workers in flavoring factories were not supposed to be the high DEHP exposure ones and their exposure level remained at a low risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Lu
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, China National Center For Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Division of Food Safety Standard, Ministry of Health, China National Center For food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China
| | - Zhu Tian Wang
- Division of Food Safety Standard, Ministry of Health, China National Center For food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China
| | - Yong Xiang Fan
- Division of Food Safety Standard, Ministry of Health, China National Center For food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China
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8
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Satake S, Nakamura C, Minamide Y, Kudo S, Maeda H, Chihaya Y, Kamimura Y, Miyajima H, Sasaki J, Goryo M, Okada K. Effect of a Large Dose of Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) on Hepatic Peroxisome in Cynomolgus Monkeys (Macaca Fascicularis). J Toxicol Pathol 2010; 23:75-83. [PMID: 22272015 PMCID: PMC3234641 DOI: 10.1293/tox.23.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2009] [Accepted: 12/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To elucidate the effect of a large dose of di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
(DEHP), a plasticizer and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α
(PPARα) agonist, on hepatic peroxisomes, we orally administered 1,000
mg/kg/day, once daily, to 3 male and 4 female cynomolgus monkeys for 28
days consecutively. Light-microscopic and electron microscopic examinations
of the liver were carried out in conjunction with measurement of the
hepatic fatty acid β-oxidation system (FAOS), carnitine
acetyltransferase (CAT) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT)
activities, which are peroxisomal and/or mitochondrial enzyme activities.
Electron microscopically, enlargement of the mitochondria was observed with
lamellar orientation of the cristae along the major axis. Although the
number of peroxisomes showed a tendency to increase when compared with
those in a biopsied specimen before treatment, no abnormality in morphology
was observed. A slight increase in CPT activity was noted at termination.
No changes were noted in hepatic FAOS or CAT activity. In conclusion,
although repeated oral treatment of cynomolgus monkeys with a large dose of
DEHP induced a subtle increase in the numbers of peroxisomes with slight
enlargements of the mitochondria, this low-sensitivity response to
peroxisome proliferators in cynomolgus monkeys was considered to be closer
to the response in humans than that in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Satake
- Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories Co., Ltd., 2438
Miyanoura Kagoshima-shi, Kagoshima 891-1394, Japan
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture,
Iwate University, 3–18–8 Ueda, Morioka-shi, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu
University, 1–1 Yanagido, Gifu-shi, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Chika Nakamura
- Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories Co., Ltd., 2438
Miyanoura Kagoshima-shi, Kagoshima 891-1394, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Minamide
- Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories Co., Ltd., 2438
Miyanoura Kagoshima-shi, Kagoshima 891-1394, Japan
| | - Shinobu Kudo
- Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories Co., Ltd., 2438
Miyanoura Kagoshima-shi, Kagoshima 891-1394, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Maeda
- Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories Co., Ltd., 2438
Miyanoura Kagoshima-shi, Kagoshima 891-1394, Japan
| | - Yutaka Chihaya
- Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories Co., Ltd., 2438
Miyanoura Kagoshima-shi, Kagoshima 891-1394, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kamimura
- Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories Co., Ltd., 2438
Miyanoura Kagoshima-shi, Kagoshima 891-1394, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Miyajima
- Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories Co., Ltd., 2438
Miyanoura Kagoshima-shi, Kagoshima 891-1394, Japan
| | - Jun Sasaki
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture,
Iwate University, 3–18–8 Ueda, Morioka-shi, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Masanobu Goryo
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture,
Iwate University, 3–18–8 Ueda, Morioka-shi, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu
University, 1–1 Yanagido, Gifu-shi, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Kosuke Okada
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture,
Iwate University, 3–18–8 Ueda, Morioka-shi, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu
University, 1–1 Yanagido, Gifu-shi, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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