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Balaguer-Trias J, Deepika D, Blanco J, Schuhmacher M, Kumar V. P09-04 Effect of endocrine disrupting chemicals on gut microbiota in the in-vitro model of enteric nervous system. Toxicol Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.07.425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Sabuz O, Deepika D, Schuhmacher M, Kumar V. Health risk assessment of Bisphenol A and its alternatives (BPS, BPF) using a pregnancy PBPK model. Toxicol Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4274(21)00698-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Martínez MA, Rovira J, Sharma RP, Schuhmacher M, Kumar V. Reconstruction of phthalate exposure and DINCH metabolites from biomonitoring data from the EXHES cohort of Tarragona, Spain: A case study on estimated vs reconstructed DEHP using the PBPK model. Environ Res 2020; 186:109534. [PMID: 32361526 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates are known endocrine disruptors (EDs) and are associated with potential diseases, such as obesity and diabetes. In 2002, the plasticizer 1,2-cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid diisononyl ester (DINCH) was introduced as an alternative to phthalates in the European market. The objective of this study was to evaluate the total exposure to phthalate and DINCH metabolites from EXHES Tarragona, Spain cohort of pregnant women. On the one hand, the analytical determination of phthalate and DINCH metabolites in urine was carried out. On the other hand, the reconstructed exposure was calculated for phthalates and DINCH using their metabolites concentration measured in the urine. Thirteen different phthalate metabolites and two metabolites of DINCH were measured and detected in almost all pregnant women's urine samples (n = 60). There were significant correlations between metabolites of the same parent compounds, and also between DEHP and MBzP metabolites, DiNP and BBZP metabolites, and DEHP and DiNP metabolites respectively. The exposure of pregnant women to phthalate and DINCH parent compounds were also back calculated using the levels of each metabolite found in pregnant women urine (reconstructed exposure). Besides, to demonstrate the utility of this approach, the physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was used to predict the cumulative amount of MEHP (a principal metabolite of DEHP in urine). To proceed with that, DEHP reconstructed exposure and estimated exposure from the same cohort (previously studied by the same authors) were simulated using the PBPK model. Results showed that the reconstructed-PBPK simulation was closer to the 24 h biomonitoring data than the estimated PBPK-simulation., This clearly shows that the combination of reconstructed exposure with the PBPK model is a good tool to predict chemicals exposure. However, some discrepancies between simulated and biomonitored values were found. This can be associated with other sources that contribute to the total exposure and emphasises the need to consider multi-routes exposure for the widely distributed chemicals like phthalates and DINCH.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Martínez
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - J Rovira
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain; Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - R Prasad Sharma
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - M Schuhmacher
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain; Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - V Kumar
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain; IISPV, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Reus, Spain.
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Martínez M, Blanco J, Rovira J, Kumar V, Domingo J, Schuhmacher M. Bisphenol A analogues (BPS and BPF) present a greater obesogenic capacity in 3T3-L1 cell line. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 140:111298. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Martinez M, Rovira J, Sharma RP, Nadal M, Schuhmacher M, Kumar V. Prediction and evaluation of the internal dosimetry of two wide spread endocrine disruptors in fetus using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model. Toxicol Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.06.709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kumar V, Karri V, Edwin M, Coort S, Evelo C, Oliveira E, Schuhmacher M. A system-based comparative proteomics approach to investigate heavy metals mixtures toxicity mechanism relates to the neurodegeneration on hippocampal cell line. Toxicol Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.06.896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Martínez MA, Rovira J, Prasad Sharma R, Nadal M, Schuhmacher M, Kumar V. Comparing dietary and non-dietary source contribution of BPA and DEHP to prenatal exposure: A Catalonia (Spain) case study. Environ Res 2018; 166:25-34. [PMID: 29859370 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) and Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) are two wide spread chemicals classified as endocrine disruptors (ED). The present study aims to estimate the non-dietary (dermal, non-dietary ingestion and inhalation) exposure to BPA and DEHP for a pregnant women cohort. In addition, to assess the prenatal exposure for the fetus, a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was used. It was adapted for pregnancy in order to assess the internal dosimetry levels of EDs (BPA and DEHP) in the fetus. Estimates of exposure to BPA and DEHP from all pathways along with their relative importance were provided in order to establish which proportion of the total exposure came from diet and which came from non-dietary exposures. In this study, the different oral dosing scenarios (dietary and non-dietary) were considered keeping inhalation as a continuous exposure case. Total non-dietary mean values were 0.002 µg/kgbw/day (0.000; 0.004 µg/kgbw/day for 5th and 95th percentile, respectively) for BPA and 0.597 µg/kgbw/day (0.116 µg/kgbw/day and 1.506 µg/kgbw/day for 5th and 95th percentile, respectively) for DEHP. Indoor environments and especially dust ingestion were the main non-dietary contributors to the total exposure of BPA and DEHP with 60% and 81%. However, as expected, diet showed the higher contribution to total exposure with > 99.9% for BPA and 63% for DEHP. Although diet was considered the primary source of exposure to BPA and phthalates, it must be taken into account that with non-dietary sources the first-pass metabolism is lacking, so these may be of equal or even higher toxicological relevance than dietary sources. The present study is in the framework of "Health and environmental-wide associations based on large population surveys" (HEALS) project (FP7-603946).
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Martínez
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - J Rovira
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain; Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - R Prasad Sharma
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - M Nadal
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - M Schuhmacher
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain; Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - V Kumar
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain; IISPV, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Reus, Spain.
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Martínez MA, Rovira J, Sharma RP, Nadal M, Schuhmacher M, Kumar V. Prenatal exposure estimation of BPA and DEHP using integrated external and internal dosimetry: A case study. Environ Res 2017; 158:566-575. [PMID: 28715785 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to Endocrine disruptors (EDs), such as Bisphenol A (BPA) and di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), has been associated with obesity and diabetes diseases in childhood, as well as reproductive, behavioral and neurodevelopment problems. The aim of this study was to estimate the prenatal exposure to BPA and DEHP through food consumption for pregnant women living in Tarragona County (Spain). Probabilistic calculations of prenatal exposure were estimated by integrated external and internal dosimetry modelling, physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model, using a Monte-Carlo simulation. Physical characteristic data from the cohort, along with food intake information from the questionnaires (concentrations of BPA and DEHP in different food categories and the range of the different food ratios), were used to estimate the value of the total dietary intake for the Tarragona pregnancy cohort. The major contributors to the total dietary intake of BPA were canned fruits and vegetables, followed by canned meat and meat products. In turn, milk and dairy products, followed by ready to eat food (including canned dinners), were the most important contributors to the total dietary intake of DEHP. Despite the dietary variations among the participants, the intakes of both chemicals were considerably lower than their respective current tolerable daily intake (TDI) values established by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Internal dosimetry estimates suggest that the plasma concentrations of free BPA and the most important DEHP metabolite, mono (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), in pregnant women were characterized by transient peaks (associated with meals) and short half-lives (< 2h). In contrast, fetal exposure was characterized by a low and sustained basal BPA and MEHP concentration due to a lack of metabolic activity in the fetus. Therefore, EDs may have a greater effect on developing organs in young children or in the unborn child.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Martínez
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - J Rovira
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain; Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - R Prasad Sharma
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - M Nadal
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - M Schuhmacher
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain; Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - V Kumar
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain; Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain.
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Karri V, Ramos D, De Oliveira Cacheado E, Schuhmacher M, Kumar V. Improving the neurotoxicity mechanism: Proteomics analysis of heavy metals exposure on hippocampal HT22 cell line. Toxicol Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.06.1909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Domingo J, Marquès M, Mari M, Schuhmacher M, Sierra J, Nadal M. Climate change impact on the PAH ecotoxicity in Mediterranean soils. Toxicol Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.08.348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Peres
- CAMECA; 29 quai des Grésillons; 92622; Gennevilliers Cedex; France
| | - N. T. Kita
- WiscSIMS, Department of Geoscience; University of Wisconsin-Madison; 1215 W. Dayton St.; Madison; WI; 53706; USA
| | - J. W. Valley
- WiscSIMS, Department of Geoscience; University of Wisconsin-Madison; 1215 W. Dayton St.; Madison; WI; 53706; USA
| | - F. Fernandes
- CAMECA; 29 quai des Grésillons; 92622; Gennevilliers Cedex; France
| | - M. Schuhmacher
- CAMECA; 29 quai des Grésillons; 92622; Gennevilliers Cedex; France
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Peres
- CAMECA; 29 quai des Grésillons 92622 Cedex Gennevilliers France
| | - A. Merkulov
- CAMECA; 29 quai des Grésillons 92622 Cedex Gennevilliers France
| | - S. Y. Choi
- CAMECA; 29 quai des Grésillons 92622 Cedex Gennevilliers France
| | - F. Desse
- CAMECA; 29 quai des Grésillons 92622 Cedex Gennevilliers France
| | - M. Schuhmacher
- CAMECA; 29 quai des Grésillons 92622 Cedex Gennevilliers France
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Peres P, Hedberg PML, Walton S, Montgomery N, Cliff JB, Rabemananjara F, Schuhmacher M. Nuclear safeguards applications using LG-SIMS with automated screening capabilities. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.5015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Peres
- Cameca; 29 Quai des Grésillons 92622 Gennevilliers-Cedex France
| | - P. M. L. Hedberg
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre; Institute for Transuranium Elements; P.O. Box 2340 D-76125 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - S. Walton
- AWE; Aldermaston; Reading RG7 4PR United Kingdom
| | | | - J. B. Cliff
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis; The University of Western Australia; M010 Crawley Western Australia 6009 Australia
| | | | - M. Schuhmacher
- Cameca; 29 Quai des Grésillons 92622 Gennevilliers-Cedex France
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Rovira J, Nadal M, Domingo JL, Tanaku T, Suciu NA, Trevisan M, Capri E, Seguí X, Darbra RM, Schuhmacher M. A Revision of Current Models for Environmental and Human Health Impact and Risk Assessment for Application to Emerging Chemicals. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/698_2012_171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Merkulov A, Peres P, Choi S, Desse F, Schuhmacher M. Advanced SIMS quantification in the first few nm of B, P and As ultrashallow implants. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.3459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Seuser A, Schumpe G, Schuhmacher M, Lehmacher K, Oldenburg J, Berdel P. [Haemophilia and knee function: are there differences between haemophilic and healthy children?]. Hamostaseologie 2009; 29 Suppl 1:S69-S73. [PMID: 19763348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
With early prophylactic treatment our haemophilic children grow up in good health. Nevertheless, we cannot prevent every bleeding. Those bleedings may be just subclinical but they could lead to overloading of the knee and more and more of the ankle joint in the long term. Motion analysis can help to understand this process and prevent it. A comparison of the gait function of haemophilic and healthy children of the age 3-18 years showed distinct functional differences especially in the youngest age group (3-6 years). Apparently, the coordination skill gait rhythm was significantly worse in the heamophilic group. All measured functional deficits can be treated with physiotherapy. Possible reasons for these early functional differences are overprotection and/or early subclinical bleedings.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Seuser
- Kaiser-Karl-Klinik, Abt. Orthopädie, Graurheindorferstr. 137, 53117 Bonn.
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Schumpe G, Schuhmacher M, Lehmacher K, Oldenburg J, Berdel P, Seuser A. Haemophilia and knee function. Hamostaseologie 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1621612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
SummaryWith early prophylactic treatment our haemophilic children grow up in good health. Nevertheless, we cannot prevent every bleeding. Those bleedings may be just subclinical but they could lead to overloading of the knee and more and more of the ankle joint in the long term. Motion analysis can help to understand this process and prevent it. A comparison of the gait function of haemophilic and healthy children of the age 3–18 years showed distinct functional differences especially in the youngest age group (3–6 years). Apparently, the coordination skill gait rhythm was significantly worse in the heamophilic group. All measured functional deficits can be treated with physiotherapy. Possible reasons for these early functional differences are overprotection and/or early subclinical bleedings.
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Seuser A, Böhm P, Michels H, Berdel P, Schumpe G, Schuhmacher M, Nimtz-Talaska A. Rheuma und Sport - Sicherheit durch Fakten. AKTUEL RHEUMATOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1027204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Ferré-Huguet N, Nadal M, Mari M, Schuhmacher M, Borrajo MA, Domingo JL. Monitoring metals near a hazardous waste incinerator. Temporal trend in soils and herbage. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2007; 79:130-4. [PMID: 17492387 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-007-9086-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2006] [Accepted: 03/15/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, incineration has been demonstrated to be a commercially available technology for hazardous waste (HW) disposal (Richter and Johnke, 2004). However, because of the potential adverse effects of toxic emissions, waste incinerators are still an important cause for concern for the public. In spite of that, compliance with current EU emissions has vastly reduced the probability of adverse health effects (Glorennec et al., 2005). With respect to metals, a number of studies have shown that these elements are emitted by industrial, medical and municipal waste incinerators (Schumacher et al., 1997; Rimmer et al., 2006). Filter ash is an especially problematic residue because it contains high metal concentrations (Lisk et al., 1989). After combustion in modern HW incinerators (HWIs), metals contained in HW are mainly collected in bottom and fly ash, with only small quantity of metals being discharged from the stack as particulate matter or vapor (Jung et al., 2004). However, the atmospheric emission of these elements is a matter of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ferré-Huguet
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Rovira i Virgili University, San Lorenzo 21, 43201, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
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Schuhmacher M, Kiviranta H, Vartiainen T, Domingo JL. Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in milk of women from Catalonia, Spain. Chemosphere 2007; 67:S295-300. [PMID: 17207841 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.05.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/26/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in milk from women living in the vicinity of a new hazardous waste incinerator (HWI) in Catalonia, Spain, were determined. The study was performed after 4 years of regular operations in the facility and the present PCB levels were compared with baseline concentrations obtained in a pre-operational program. PCBs and PBDEs levels were determined by HRGC/HRMS in 15 samples. In the present study planar PCBs ranged from 1.3 to 6.3 pg WHO-TEQ/g fat with a mean value of 3.8 pg WHO-TEQ/g fat. After adding dioxin-like mono-ortho-PCBs the total PCB-TEQ concentrations ranged from 3.8 to 13.3 pg WHO-TEQ/g fat (mean value: 8.7 pg WHO-TEQ/g fat). A comparison of the current data with those obtained in the baseline study showed significant decreases for both planar and total WHO-TEQ of PCBs: 47.9% and 44.6%, respectively. PCB concentrations in milk of women living in urban zones were higher than those living near industrial areas (10.1 and 7.4 pg WHO-TEQ/g fat, respectively). Mean PBDE concentrations were 2.2 and 2.5 ng/g fat for women living in urban and industrial zones, respectively. Dietary intake of PCBs and PBDEs for a standard adult woman samples were 898 and 843 ng/day for PCBs, and 72 and 63 ng/day for PBDEs, for residents in urban and industrials areas, respectively. This study suggests that dietary intake is more relevant for human exposure to PCBs and PBDEs than living near the HWI.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schuhmacher
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Rovira i Virgili University, San Lorenzo 21, 43201 Reus, Spain
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Heidenreich A, Ohlmann C, Engelmann U, Schuhmacher M, Studer U. PARTIN TABLES DO NOT ADEQUATELY PREDICT THE RISK OF LYMPH NODE INVOLVEMENT IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY FOR CLINICALLY Localised PROSTATE CANCER. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-9056(06)61035-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Nadal M, Bocio A, Schuhmacher M, Domingo JL. Trends in the levels of metals in soils and vegetation samples collected near a hazardous waste incinerator. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 2005; 49:290-8. [PMID: 16132416 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-004-0262-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2004] [Accepted: 04/30/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In 1998 and 2001, the levels of a number of elements (As, Be, Cd, Cr, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sn, Tl, and V) were determined in 40 soil and 40 herbage samples collected near a new hazardous waste incinerator (HWI) (Constantí, Catalonia, Spain). In 2003, soil and herbage samples were again collected at the same sampling points in which samples had been taken in the previous surveys. During the period 1998-2003, As, Be, Cr, Ni, and V levels showed significant increases in soils. In contrast, the levels of Cd, Hg, and Sn significantly decreased. With respect to herbage, while Cr, Mn, and V concentrations significantly increased, those of As levels diminished. On the other hand, human health risks derived from metal ingestion and inhalation of soils were also assessed. In relation to noncarcinogenic risks, all elements presented a value inside the safe interval. In turn, Cd and Cr were also in the safe interval of carcinogenic risks, whereas in contrast As levels clearly exceeded the regulatory limits concerning carcinogenic risks. According to the results of the previous (2001) and current (2003) surveys, the fluctuations in the metal concentrations suggest that the influence of the HWI is minimal in relation to other metal pollution sources in the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nadal
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Rovira i Virgili University, San Lorenzo 21, 43201, Reus, Spain
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Nadal M, Schuhmacher M, Domingo JL. Levels of PAHs in soil and vegetation samples from Tarragona County, Spain. Environ Pollut 2004; 132:1-11. [PMID: 15276268 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2004.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2003] [Accepted: 04/02/2004] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The levels of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined in 24 soil and 12 wild chard samples collected in Tarragona County (Catalonia, Spain), an area with an important number of chemical and petrochemical industries. Samples were also collected in urban/residential zones and in presumably unpolluted sites (control samples). In soils, the sum of the 16 PAHs ranged between 1002 and 112 ng/g (dry weight) for samples collected near chemical industries and unpolluted sites, respectively. With the exception of acenaphthylene, acenaphthene, anthracene and benzo[k]fluoranthene, no significant differences in the levels of the remaining PAHs were found among the different zones of sample collection. In chard samples, the highest value (sum of 16 PAHs) was observed in the residential area, followed by the industrial and the unpolluted zones, with concentrations of 179, 58 and 28 ng/g (dry weight), respectively. In general terms, the current PAH concentrations in soil and vegetation are lower than the levels reported in a number of investigations from different regions and countries. They are also below the maximum PAH concentrations allowed by the Catalan legislation for different uses of soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nadal
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Rovira i Virgili University, San Lorenzo 21, 43201 Reus, Spain
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Schuhmacher M, Domingo JL, Kiviranta H, Vartiainen T. Monitoring dioxins and furans in a population living near a hazardous waste incinerator: levels in breast milk. Chemosphere 2004; 57:43-49. [PMID: 15288198 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2003] [Revised: 02/18/2004] [Accepted: 05/06/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/PCDFs) in breast milk from mothers living in the vicinity of a new hazardous waste incinerator (HWI) were determined. Monitoring was performed after three years of regular operations in the facility and the present results were compared with baseline concentrations obtained in a pre-operational program. PCDD/PCDF levels were determined by HRGC/HRMS in 15 samples. In the present study, PCDD/PCDF concentrations ranged from 4.9 to 39.9 pg I-TEQ/g fat (5.1-46.8 pg WHO-TEQ/g fat), with a median value of 7.7 pg I-TEQ/g fat (9.1 pg WHO-TEQ/g fat). In the baseline survey, PCDD/PCDF concentrations ranged between 5.9 and 17.1 pg I-TEQ/g fat, with a median value of 11.7 pg I-TEQ/g fat. In relation to this, a percentage of reduction of 34.2% was noted. This decrease is in agreement with the relevant reduction found in the dietary intake of PCDD/PCDFs between both surveys. The results of the present study, as well as other recent environmental and biological data, indicate that living in the vicinity of this HWI should not mean additional health risks due to PCDD/PCDFs for the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schuhmacher
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Rovira i Virgili University, Calle San Lorenzo 21, 43201 Reus, Spain
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Nadal M, Schuhmacher M, Domingo JL. Metal pollution of soils and vegetation in an area with petrochemical industry. Sci Total Environ 2004; 321:59-69. [PMID: 15050385 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2003.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2003] [Revised: 08/24/2003] [Accepted: 08/30/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the concentrations of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), mercury (Hg), manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), and vanadium (V) in soil and chard samples collected in various industrial sites of Tarragona County (Spain), an area with an important number of petrochemical industries. Samples were also collected in urban (Tarragona downtown) and presumably unpolluted (blank samples) sites. Human health risks derived from metal inhalation and ingestion of soils were also assessed. With the exception of an increase in the levels of Cd and V, significant differences in soil samples from the industrial and the unpolluted zone were not found. In chard samples, significant differences between collection sites were only noted for V concentrations. For non-carcinogenic risks, the current levels of metals in the industrial area were lower than those considered as safe for the general population. In relation to carcinogenic risks, only As ingestion and Cr inhalation in the industrial zone might potentially cause an increase of the cases of cancer. A Kohonen self-organized map (an Artificial Neural Network) showed differences in metal concentrations according to the zone of origin of the samples. The current results suggest that although in general terms the petrochemical complex is not a relevant metal pollution source for the area, attention should be paid to As, Cr and V.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nadal
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, 'Rovira i Virgili' University, San Lorenzo 21, Reus 43201, Spain
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Nadal M, Espinosa G, Schuhmacher M, Domingo JL. Patterns of PCDDs and PCDFs in human milk and food and their characterization by artificial neural networks. Chemosphere 2004; 54:1375-1382. [PMID: 14659939 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2003.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Artificial neural network (ANN) has been recently introduced as a tool for data analysis. In this study, Kohonen's self-organizing maps (SOMs), a special type of neural network, were applied to a set of PCDD/PCDF concentrations found in 54 human milk and 83 food samples, which were collected in a number of countries all over the world. Data were obtained from the scientific literature. The purpose of the study was to find a potential relationship between PCDD/PCDF congener profiles in human milk and the dietary habits of the different countries in which samples were collected. The comparison of the SOM component planes for human milk and foodstuffs indicates that those countries with a greater fish consumption show also higher PCDD/PCDF concentrations in human milk. SOMs enable both the visualization of sample units and the visualization of congener distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nadal
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Rovira i Virgili University, San Lorenzo 21, 43201 Reus, Spain
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Linder M, Mall V, Schelle A, Herpers M, Pfister F, Korinthenberg R, Schuhmacher M, Spreer J. Aktivierung des motorischen Kortex bei gesunden Kindern und Erwachsenen in der funktionellen MRT. KLIN NEUROPHYSIOL 2003. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-816481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Schuhmacher M, Agramunt MC, Bocio A, Domingo JL, de Kok HAM. Annual variation in the levels of metals and PCDD/PCDFs in soil and herbage samples collected near a cement plant. Environ Int 2003; 29:415-421. [PMID: 12705938 DOI: 10.1016/s0160-4120(02)00151-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In May 2000, the levels of a number of metals (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sn, Tl, V and Zn) and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) were determined in soil and herbage samples collected near a cement plant from Sta. Margarida i els Monjos (Catalonia, Spain). To determine the temporal variation in the concentrations of metals and PCDD/PCDFs, in May 2001 soil and herbage samples were again collected at the same sampling points and analyzed for the levels of metals and PCDD/PCDFs. In general terms, metal concentrations in soils did not change between May 2000 and May 2001, while significant decreases in the levels of Cr, Ni and V were found in herbage. On the other hand, no significant differences in the mean I-TEQ values of PCDD/PCDFs were found in soil and herbage samples. The results of this survey show that according to the annual variation in the levels of metals and PCDD/PCDFs the environmental impact of the cement plant on the area under its direct influence is not relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schuhmacher
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, "Rovira I Virgili" University, San Lorenzo 21, 43201 Reus, Spain
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Domingo JL, Agramunt MC, Nadal M, Schuhmacher M, Corbella J. Health risk assessment of PCDD/PCDF exposure for the population living in the vicinity of a municipal waste incinerator. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 2002; 43:461-465. [PMID: 12399917 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-002-1280-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Emissions of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) by municipal solid waste (MSW) incinerators cause concern to the populations living in the vicinity of these facilities. In this study, the health risks of PCDD/F exposure were assessed for adults and children living 500 and 1,000 m from the MSW incinerator. A comparative analysis was performed before (1998) and after (2000) pronounced decreases in PCDD/F air emissions from the stack were noted as a consequence of technical improvements in the facility. At 500 m, total environmental exposure to PCDD/Fs diminished from 5.102 x 10(-5) to 1.271 x 10(-5) ng I-TEQ/kg/day for adults, and from 8.131 x 10(-5) to 2.656 x 10(-5) ng I-TEQ/kg/day for children, which means a reduction of 75.1% for adults and 67.3% for children between 1998 and 2000. At 1,000 m, total environmental PCDD/F exposure diminished from 4.087 x 10(-5) ng I-TEQ/kg/day in 1998 to 0.995 x 10(-5) ng I-TEQ/kg/day in 2000 and from 6.294 x 10(-5) ng I-TEQ/kg/day in 1998 to 1.983 x 10(-5) ng I-TEQ/kg/day in 2000 for adults and children, respectively. However, these reductions are almost imperceptible compared with the contribution of dietary intake of PCDD/F to total exposure to these contaminants. The present results corroborate that for MSW incinerators with modern technologies, human PCDD/F exposure is mainly due to background contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Domingo
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Rovira i Virgili University, San Lorenzo 21, 43201 Reus, Spain.
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Nadal M, Agramunt MC, Schuhmacher M, Domingo JL. PCDD/PCDF congener profiles in soil and herbage samples collected in the vicinity of a municipal waste incinerator before and after pronounced reductions of PCDD/PCDF emissions from the facility. Chemosphere 2002; 49:153-159. [PMID: 12375862 DOI: 10.1016/s0045-6535(02)00276-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Congener profiles are the fractional distribution of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) congeners in an environmental release, or in an environmental or biological sample. In 1999, an adaptation to the EU legislation on pollutant emissions from the stack was carried out in an old municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) from Montcada (Barcelona, Spain). The main goal of the present study was to determine if the environmental PCDD/F levels in the area under direct influence of the facility were mainly due to PCDD/F emissions from the plant. For this purpose, soil and herbage samples were collected near the MSWI before (1998) and after (2000) the technical improvements were performed. PCDD/F congener profiles were determined and compared with those from samples collected in a suburban area of Constantí (Tarragona, Spain) outside of direct emissions from any MSWI. The results of the present study suggest that the MSWI here assessed is not the main responsible for the environmental PCDD/F concentrations in the area under evaluation. Other PCDD/F emission sources in the same area seem also to have a notable impact on the atmospheric levels of these pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nadal
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain
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Schuhmacher M, Domingo JL, Agramunt MC, Bocio A, Müller L. Biological monitoring of metals and organic substances in hazardous-waste incineration workers. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2002; 75:500-6. [PMID: 12172897 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-002-0340-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2001] [Accepted: 02/28/2002] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine blood and urine concentrations of a number of metals and organic substances in workers at a hazardous-waste incinerator (HWI) 1 year after regular operations in the facility, and to compare these concentrations with the baseline levels. METHODS The employees were divided into three groups according to their workplaces. Plasma analyses of hexachlorobenzene (HCB), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs 28, 52, 101, 138, 153 and 180) and polychlorinated dibenzo- p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), and urinary analyses of 2,4- and 2,5-dichlorophenol (DCP), 2,4,5- and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP), pentachlorophenol (PCP) and 1-hydroxypyrene (1-HP) were carried out. The blood concentrations of beryllium, manganese, mercury and lead, and the urine levels of cadmium, chromium, nickel and vanadium were also determined. RESULTS The current plasma HCB, PCB and PCDD/F levels, and the urine levels of chlorophenols (CLPs) and 1-HP did not show significant differences between workplace groups or the baseline concentrations. Moreover, no significant differences between metal levels could be observed. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The lack of differences between the current levels of metals and organic substances and the respective baseline concentrations, together with the absence of differences depending on the workplace indicate that the potential exposure of HWI workers to the analyzed compounds was insignificant. According to these results, 1 year of potential exposure to the above metals and organic substances would not mean any specific health problem for the workers at the HWI.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schuhmacher
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Rovira i Virgili University, San Lorenzo 21, 43201 Reus, Spain
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Schuhmacher M, Bocio A, Agramunt MC, Domingo JL, de Kok HAM. PCDD/F and metal concentrations in soil and herbage samples collected in the vicinity of a cement plant. Chemosphere 2002; 48:209-17. [PMID: 12117056 DOI: 10.1016/s0045-6535(02)00042-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In May 2000, the levels of a number of metals (As, Cd, Pb, Hg, Zn, Co, Cu, Mn, Sn, Tl, Cr, Ni and V) were determined in 16 soil and herbage samples collected in the vicinity of a cement plant from Sta. Margarida i els Monjos (Catalonia, Spain). Metal concentrations were also analyzed in air filters from three sampling stations placed nearthe facility. For most metals, concentrations were similar or even lower than previously reported values for other areas from Catalonia. On the other hand, the levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) and dibenzofurans (PCDF) were also determined in four soil and 16 herbage samples. Mean values were 0.37 and 0.16 ng I-TEQ/kg for soils and herbage, respectively, values which in comparison with data from other surveys are rather low. No significant differences between metal and PCDD/F concentrations in samples collected at distances lower or greater than 3.5 km of the facility were noted. The current results show that the cement plant has a low impact on the metal and PCDD/F levels in the environment under direct influence of the facility. These results should be of interest to assess future temporal variations in the levels of metals and PCDD/Fs in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schuhmacher
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain
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Schuhmacher M, Rodriguez-Larena MC, Agramunt MC, Diaz-Ferrero J, Domingo JL. Environmental impact of a new hazardous waste incinerator in Catalonia, Spain: PCDD/PCDF levels in herbage samples. Chemosphere 2002; 48:187-193. [PMID: 12117053 DOI: 10.1016/s0045-6535(02)00079-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In April 1996 and 1998, the concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDF) were determined in 40 herbage samples collected in the neighborhood of a hazardous waste incinerator (HWI) under construction in Constanti (Catalonia, Spain). In April 2000, 20 months after the HWI began operating, herbage samples were again collected at the same sampling points in which samples had been taken in the previous surveys. PCDD/F concentrations ranged between 0.13 and 0.65 ng I-TEQ/kg (dry matter), with a median and mean values of 0.29 and 0.32 ng I-TEQ/kg (dry matter), respectively. The results were compared with those obtained in the 1996 (median, 0.53 ng I-TEQ/kg; mean, 0.61 ng I-TEQ/kg) and the 1998 (median, 0.23 ng I-TEQ/kg; mean, 0.31 ng I-TEQ/kg) surveys. While in the period 1996-1998 a significant decrease (49%, P < 0.001) in the mean PCDD/F levels was noted, in the period 1998-2000 an increase of 3% (P > 0.05) was found in the concentrations of PCDD/Fs. The analysis of the results suggests two potential hypotheses: either the emissions of PCDD/Fs from the HWI are not negligible, or the current PCDD/F emissions from other sources near the HWI remained at similar levels to those reached in 1998. Anyhow, an exhaustive evaluation of the present data shows an absence of notable PCDD/F contamination by the HWI in the area under its direct influence. It seems also probable that the decline in the atmospheric levels of PCDD/Fs due other emission sources of PCDD/Fs in this area is currently stopped.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schuhmacher
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain
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Domingo JL, Schuhmacher M, Agramunt MC, Llobet JM, Rivera J, Müller L. PCDD/F levels in the neighbourhood of a municipal solid waste incinerator after introduction of technical improvements in the facility. Environ Int 2002; 28:19-27. [PMID: 12046950 DOI: 10.1016/s0160-4120(01)00129-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In 1998 and 1999, the concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) were determined in soil and herbage samples collected in the vicinity of an old municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) (S. Adrià del Besòs, Barcelona, Spain). Just after the 1999 collection, an adaptation to the EU legislation on pollutant emissions from the stack was carried out in this facility. The purpose of the present study was to determine the current concentrations of PCDD/Fs in soil and herbage samples collected in the neighbourhood of the MSWI and to compare these concentrations with those obtained in the 1998 and 1999 surveys. During the period 1998-1999, an increase of 31% (P>.05) was found in the median PCDD/F levels in soils, while a reduction of 40% (P>.05) was observed in the period 1999-2000. Similarly, in the period 1998-1999 an increase of 41% (P>.05) was found in the levels of PCDD/Fs in vegetation, while a 30% decrease (P<.05) was seen in the period 1999-2000. Although after introduction of the technical improvements in the MSWI a notable reduction in the levels of PCDD/Fs in soil and vegetation has been noted, the median decreases have not been as great as it could be expected according to the very pronounced reductions in PCDD/F emissions from the stack. It indicates that other emission sources of PCDD/Fs also have a notable impact on the area under direct influence of the MSWI.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Domingo
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Rovira i Virgili, University, Reus, Spain.
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Schuhmacher M, Agramunt MC, Rodriguez-Larena MC, Díaz-ferrero J, Domingo JL. Baseline levels of PCDD/Fs in soil and herbage samples collected in the vicinity of a new hazardous waste incinerator in Catalonia, Spain. Chemosphere 2002; 46:1343-1350. [PMID: 12002460 DOI: 10.1016/s0045-6535(01)00249-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The construction in Constanti (Catalonia, Spain) of a new hazardous waste incinerator (HWI), which is the first one in Spain, finished in 1999. In order to determine the temporal variation (1996-1998) in the concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in the vicinity of the new HWI, 40 soil and 40 herbage samples were collected (1998) at the same sampling points in which samples had been taken two years before (1996). Each sample was analyzed for PCDDs and PCDFs by high resolution gas chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry. In the 1996 survey, PCDD/F concentrations in soils ranged from 0.13 to 24.20 ngl-TEQ/kg (d.m.), with median and mean values of 0.67 and 1.68 ngl-TEQ/kg (d.m.), respectively. In the present study, PCDD/F concentrations ranged from 0.12 to 17.20 ng I-TEQ/kg (d.m.), with a median value of 0.75 ng I-TEQ/kg (d.m.) and a mean value of 1.59 ng I-TEQ/kg (d.m.). In turn, in the present study PCDD/F concentrations in vegetation ranged from 0.14 to 2.01 ng I-TEQ/kg(d.m.) (median and mean values: 0.23 and 0.31 ng I-TEQ/kg, respectively), while in the 1996 survey PCDD/F concentrations ranged from 0.24 to 1.22 ngl-TEQ/kg (d.m.) (median and mean values: 0.53 and 0.61 ng I-TEQ/kg. respectively). According to the present (1998) and the previous (1996) levels of PCDD/Fs found in soils and vegetation, the area under potential influence of the new facility shows a rather low contamination by these compounds. The current results should be useful to establish the environmental impact of the HWI.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schuhmacher
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine Rovira i Virgili University, San Lorenzo, Reus, Spain
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Llobet JM, Schuhmacher M, Domingo JL. Spatial distribution and temporal variation of metals in the vicinity of a municipal solid waste incinerator after a modernization of the flue gas cleaning systems of the facility. Sci Total Environ 2002; 284:205-214. [PMID: 11846165 DOI: 10.1016/s0048-9697(01)00886-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In June 1994 and 1997, the concentrations of a number of elements were determined in soil and herbage samples collected in the vicinity of a municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) (Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain). In August 1997, an adaptation to the EU legislation on pollutant emissions from the stack was carried out to the incinerator. In June 1999, soil and herbage samples were collected again at the same sampling points and the levels of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni) and vanadium (V) were measured by ICP-MS or AAS with graphite furnace. The results are compared with those obtained in the 1994 and 1997 surveys. In the period 1997-1999, the only significant changes in soil levels corresponded to Cd and Pb, with decreases of 21.0% and 53.5%, respectively. In vegetation, only Mn levels showed a significant reduction, which contrasts with the notable increases found in the concentrations of As, Hg and Ni. According to the results of this survey, it seems evident that other metal emission sources in the same area of study are masking the environmental improvements carried out in the MSWI.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Llobet
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain
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Pajic A, Staege MS, Dudziak D, Schuhmacher M, Spitkovsky D, Eissner G, Brielmeier M, Polack A, Bornkamm GW. Antagonistic effects of c-myc and Epstein-Barr virus latent genes on the phenotype of human B cells. Int J Cancer 2001; 93:810-6. [PMID: 11519042 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.1404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) immortalized cells and Burkitt lymphoma cells have a completely different growth pattern and phenotype. EBV immortalized cells express a set of 11 viral genes to accommodate B cell activation and proliferation, whereas EBV-positive Burkitt lymphoma cells highly express the c-myc oncogene that is activated through translocation into 1 of the immunoglobulin loci and EBNA1 as the only viral protein. We have developed a primary human B cell line conditionally immortalized by Epstein-Barr virus in which the viral gene program responsible for the induction of proliferation can be switched on and off by the addition or withdrawal of estrogen (cell line EREB2-5). Starting from this cell line we have generated 2 daughter cell lines that proliferate in a c-myc dependent fashion, 1 with a highly active exogenous c-myc gene (cell line A1) and 1 with a regulatable c-myc gene that can be switched on by withdrawal and switched off by addition of tetracycline (cell line P493-6). The comparison of the 3 cell lines has allowed us to dissect the contribution of c-myc and EBV genes to the regulation of the growth pattern and expression of cell surface molecules. We show that MYC and EBNA2 (and their respective target genes) have opposing effects on the expression of several surface markers involved in B cell activation. We show that MYC contributes to the phenotype of Burkitt lymphoma cells by upregulating CD10 and CD38 and downregulating activation markers. The phenotype of the cells is determined on one hand by the absence of the viral gene products EBNA2 and LMP1 that mediate the phenotype of activated lymphoblasts and to a lesser extent by an active contribution of the c-myc gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pajic
- Institut für Klinische Molekularbiologie und Tumorgenetik, Hämatologikum der GSF, München, Germany
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Domingo JL, Schuhmacher M, Granero S, de Kok HA. Temporal variation of PCDD/PCDF levels in environmental samples collected near an old municipal waste incinerator. Environ Monit Assess 2001; 69:175-193. [PMID: 11465666 DOI: 10.1023/a:1010701823455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In 1996 and 1997, the levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) were determined in soil and herbage samples taken from 24 sites in the vicinity of an old municipal solid waste incinerator (Montcada, Barcelona, Spain). To determine the temporal variation in the concentrations of PCDD/Fs, recently 24 soil and 24 herbage samples were again collected at the same sampling points and analyzed for PCDD/F levels. In the current survey, PCDD/F concentrations in soils ranged between 0.06 and 127 ng I-TEQ kg(-1) (dry matter), with median and mean values of 4.80 and 9.95 ng I-TEQ kg(-1) (dry matter), respectively. In turn, the levels of PCDD/Fs in herbage samples ranged from 0.40 to 1.94 ng I-TEQ kg(-1) (dry matter), with median and mean values of 0.86 and 0.95 ng I-TEQ kg(-1) (dry matter), respectively. The comparison with the data obtained in 1996 and 1997 show that while PCDD/F concentrations in herbage samples decreased substantially during the last two years, no significant differences in the levels of PCDD/Fs in soils were noted. On the other hand, the potential intake of polluted soils from the vicinity of the plant would not imply any significant health risk for the general population living in the area under influence of the facility.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Domingo
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmetal Health, School of Medicine, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain.
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Schuhmacher M, Meneses M, Xifró A, Domingo JL. The use of Monte-Carlo simulation techniques for risk assessment: study of a municipal waste incinerator. Chemosphere 2001; 43:787-799. [PMID: 11372867 DOI: 10.1016/s0045-6535(00)00435-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The incremental lifetime risks due to polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) for the residents living in the surroundings of a municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) have been assessed. Two different pathways of exposure to PCDD/Fs, ingestion through the diet and exposure from MSWI emissions, were compared. Monte-Carlo simulations were carried out to obtain variability and uncertainty propagation The joint analysis of uncertainty and variability included a sensitivity analysis that identified the contribution to variance by different inputs. In general terms, PCDD/F ingestion through the diet contributed with more than 99% of the total risk, whereas direct exposition to PCDD/F emissions from the MSWI was less than 1% The results show that the median (50% percentile) of non-carcinogenic risk due to PCDD/Fs in the population living in the surroundings of the MSWI was 0.72 and the ratio of the 95th percentile and fifth percentile was about 2. With respect to the total carcinogenic risk, the median increment in individual lifetime was 7.90 x 10(-5) while the ratio between the 95th percentile and the fifth percentile was about 1.5. In this analysis, a sequential structural decomposition of the relationships between the input variables has been used to partition the variance in the output (risk) in order to identify the most influential contributors to overall variance among them.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schuhmacher
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, Spain
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Domingo JL, Granero S, Schuhmacher M. Congener profiles of PCDD/Fs in soil and vegetation samples collected near to a municipal waste incinerator. Chemosphere 2001; 43:517-524. [PMID: 11372835 DOI: 10.1016/s0045-6535(00)00403-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Recently, we measured the concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in soil and herbage samples collected in the vicinity of a municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) from Tarragona (Catalonia, Spain). Since these concentrations could be increased by the presence of other emission sources of PCDD/Fs in the same area in which the MSWI is placed, the main goal of the present study was to determine the PCDD/F congener profiles in the soil and vegetation samples collected in 1996 and again in 1997 near to the facility and to compare with those from samples collected in a close area outside of direct emissions of the plant. From an accurate inspection of the PCDD/F congener profiles, it was concluded that PCDD/F emissions from the MSWI here examined are neither the only nor the main responsible for the presence of PCDD/Fs in the samples of environmental matrices collected in the area under direct influence of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Domingo
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Rovira i Virgili University, San Lorenzo, Reus, Spain.
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Domingo JL, Schuhmacher M, Agramunt MC, Müller L, Neugebauer F. Levels of metals and organic substances in blood and urine of workers at a new hazardous waste incinerator. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2001; 74:263-9. [PMID: 11401018 DOI: 10.1007/s004200000217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess baseline concentrations of a number of metals and organic compounds in blood and urine of 28 workers employed at a new hazardous waste incinerator (HWI), before operation of the plant. METHODS Plasma analyses of hexachlorobenzene (HCB), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB 28, 52, 101, 138, 153 and 180), benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m-xylene, and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) were carried out. The urinary levels of 2,4- and 2,5-dichlorophenol (DCPs), 2,4,5- and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCPs) and pentachlorophenol (PCP), as well as those of 1-hydroxypyrene (1-HP) were also measured. Beryllium (Be), manganese (Mn), mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb) concentrations were determined in total blood, while the levels of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni) and vanadium (V) were measured in urine. RESULTS The levels of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and m-xylene were under their respective detection limits. The concentrations of HCB, PCBs and PCDD/Fs in plasma of the HWI workers, chlorophenols (CLPs) and 1-HP urinary concentrations, as well as those of metals in blood and urine are shown. PCDD/F concentrations in plasma of the new HWI workers ranged between 13.4 and 84.0 pg international toxic equivalents (I-TEQ)/g lipid, with a geometric mean value of 24.4 pg I-TEQ/g lipid. DISCUSSION PCDD/F levels, as well as the concentrations of PCBs were of the same order of magnitude as those recently obtained for non-occupationally exposed populations of Catalonia (Spain). No significant gender differences were found for the levels of HCB, PCBs and PCDD/Fs. Although the present results showed a notable variability in the levels of CLPs, geometric mean values of these compounds were similar or even lower than those considered as potential reference values. Metal concentrations in blood and urine were also of the same order of magnitude than previously reported metal levels in the same area. CONCLUSION The present results should be useful in future surveys in which internal exposure of the HWI workers will be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Domingo
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain.
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Domingo JL, Schuhmacher M, Llobet JM, Müller L, Rivera J. PCDD/F concentrations in soil and vegetation in the vicinity of a municipal waste incinerator after a pronounced decrease in the emissions of PCDD/Fs from the facility. Chemosphere 2001; 43:217-226. [PMID: 11297401 DOI: 10.1016/s0045-6535(00)00146-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Emission of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) by municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWI) is an issue of great concern. In 1997, an adaptation to the EU legislation on pollutant emissions from the stack was carried out in an MSWI from Tarragona (Catalonia, Spain). As a result, PCDD/F emissions were significantly reduced. The aim of this study was to determine the current levels of PCDD/Fs in soil and vegetation samples collected near the facility and to compare these levels with those obtained in previous surveys (1996 and 1997). In the period 1997-1999, PCDD/F concentrations in vegetation samples were significantly decreased (60%). By contrast, the levels of PCDD/Fs in soil samples increased slightly (14%, P > 0.05) during the same period. An exhaustive analysis of the present data indicates that other emission sources of PCDD/Fs have also a notable environmental impact on the area under direct influence of the MSWI.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Domingo
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Rovira i Virgili University, San Lorenzo 21, Reus, Spain.
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Schuhmacher M, Kohlhuber F, Hölzel M, Kaiser C, Burtscher H, Jarsch M, Bornkamm GW, Laux G, Polack A, Weidle UH, Eick D. The transcriptional program of a human B cell line in response to Myc. Nucleic Acids Res 2001; 29:397-406. [PMID: 11139609 PMCID: PMC29676 DOI: 10.1093/nar/29.2.397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The proto-oncogene c-myc (myc) encodes a transcription factor (Myc) that promotes growth, proliferation and apoptosis. Myc has been suggested to induce these effects by induction/repression of downstream genes. Here we report the identification of potential Myc target genes in a human B cell line that grows and proliferates depending on conditional myc expression. Oligonucleotide microarrays were applied to identify downstream genes of Myc at the level of cytoplasmic mRNA. In addition, we identified potential Myc target genes in nuclear run-on experiments by changes in their transcription rate. The identified genes belong to gene classes whose products are involved in amino acid/protein synthesis, lipid metabolism, protein turnover/folding, nucleotide/DNA synthesis, transport, nucleolus function/RNA binding, transcription and splicing, oxidative stress and signal transduction. The identified targets support our current view that myc acts as a master gene for growth control and increases transcription of a large variety of genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schuhmacher
- GSF Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Marchioninistrasse 25, D-81377 Munich, Germany
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Fuster G, Schuhmacher M, Domingo JL. Flow analysis of PCDD/Fs for Tarragona Province, Spain. A preliminary inventory. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2001; 8:91-4. [PMID: 11400644 DOI: 10.1007/bf02987300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
The present study was intended to establish an inventory of PCDD/F emissions in Tarragona Province (Catalonia, NE Spain), as a preliminary phase in the development of a flow analysis of PCDD/Fs in this Province. In 1999, global PCDD/F emissions reached a value of 2.24 g I-TEQ/y, which means a density of 3.8 micrograms I-TEQ/inhabitant/y. The low amount of PCDD/Fs emitted to air by the only municipal solid waste incinerator in the Province (approximately 0.04% of the total) has been one of the most notable results. As a reflection of uncertainties in the estimates for individual sources, the 90th percentiles of PCDD/F releases for 1999 ranged up to 4.1 g I-TEQ/y.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Fuster
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Rovira i Virgili University, San Lorenzo 21, 43201 Reus, Spain
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46
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Abstract
On the basis of the life cycle approach, a framework for the assessment of the environmental damages generated by an industrial process chain is established. In order to consider all the processes of the life cycle, a methodology is developed based on an eco-matrix formed by chemical process eco-vectors containing all their environmental loads. To perform the impact assessment, environmental damage indicators are estimated in the most accurate way possible for each process. For this, site-specific evaluation is carried out applying damage functions and, hence, for each damage indicator, a damage matrix is obtained. In order to make the methodology more practical, options like dominance analysis are presented. Because of the large number of environmental loads, the focus is on the priority pollutants and then the final estimations are done with one indicator per safeguard subject. The damage indicators selected in this paper are damage costs, ecological damage parameter (both site-specific) and global damage estimates. As for the verification of the methodology, a study has been carried out based on the life cycle of the electricity produced by a municipal waste incinerator.
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Affiliation(s)
- G W Sonnemann
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Chemical Engineering, Carretera de Salou, s/n, 43006 Tarragona, Spain
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47
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Pajic A, Spitkovsky D, Christoph B, Kempkes B, Schuhmacher M, Staege MS, Brielmeier M, Ellwart J, Kohlhuber F, Bornkamm GW, Polack A, Eick D. Cell cycle activation by c-myc in a burkitt lymphoma model cell line. Int J Cancer 2000; 87:787-93. [PMID: 10956386 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0215(20000915)87:6<787::aid-ijc4>3.0.co;2-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The product of the proto-oncogene c-myc (myc) is a potent activator of cell proliferation. In Burkitt lymphoma (BL), a human B-cell tumor, myc is consistently found to be transcriptionally activated by chromosomal translocation. The mechanisms by which myc promotes cell cycle progression in B-cells is not known. As a model for myc activation in BL cells, we have established a human EBV-EBNA1 positive B-cell line, P493-6, in which myc is expressed under the control of a tetracycline regulated promoter. If the expression of myc is switched off, P493-6 cells arrest in G0/G1 in the presence of serum. Re-expression of myc activates the cell cycle without inducing apoptosis. myc triggers the expression of cyclin D2, cyclin E and Cdk4, followed by the activation of cyclin E-associated kinase and hyper-phosphorylation of Rb. The transcription factor E2F-1 is expressed in proliferating and arrested cells at constant levels. The Cdk inhibitors p16, p21, p27 and p57 are expressed at low or not detectable levels in proliferating cells and are not induced after repression of myc. Ectopic expression of p16 inhibits cell cycle progression. These data suggest that myc triggers proliferation of P493-6 cells by promoting the expression of a set of cell cycle activators but not by inactivating cell cycle inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pajic
- Institute for Clinical Molecular Biology and Tumor Genetics, GSF-Research Center for Environment and Health, Munich, Germany
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Pajic A, Spitkovsky D, Christoph B, Kempkes B, Schuhmacher M, Staege MS, Brielmeier M, Ellwart J, Kohlhuber F, Bornkamm GW, Polack A, Eick D. Cell cycle activation by c-myc in a burkitt lymphoma model cell line. Int J Cancer 2000. [PMID: 10956386 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0215(20000915)87:6%3c787::aid-ijc4%3e3.0.co;2-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The product of the proto-oncogene c-myc (myc) is a potent activator of cell proliferation. In Burkitt lymphoma (BL), a human B-cell tumor, myc is consistently found to be transcriptionally activated by chromosomal translocation. The mechanisms by which myc promotes cell cycle progression in B-cells is not known. As a model for myc activation in BL cells, we have established a human EBV-EBNA1 positive B-cell line, P493-6, in which myc is expressed under the control of a tetracycline regulated promoter. If the expression of myc is switched off, P493-6 cells arrest in G0/G1 in the presence of serum. Re-expression of myc activates the cell cycle without inducing apoptosis. myc triggers the expression of cyclin D2, cyclin E and Cdk4, followed by the activation of cyclin E-associated kinase and hyper-phosphorylation of Rb. The transcription factor E2F-1 is expressed in proliferating and arrested cells at constant levels. The Cdk inhibitors p16, p21, p27 and p57 are expressed at low or not detectable levels in proliferating cells and are not induced after repression of myc. Ectopic expression of p16 inhibits cell cycle progression. These data suggest that myc triggers proliferation of P493-6 cells by promoting the expression of a set of cell cycle activators but not by inactivating cell cycle inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pajic
- Institute for Clinical Molecular Biology and Tumor Genetics, GSF-Research Center for Environment and Health, Munich, Germany
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Domingo JL, Schuhmacher M, Müller L, Rivera J, Granero S, Llobet JM. Evaluating the environmental impact of an old municipal waste incinerator: PCDD/F levels in soil and vegetation samples. J Hazard Mater 2000; 76:1-12. [PMID: 10863010 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3894(00)00194-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In order to determine the temporal variation in the levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in the vicinity of an old municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) (S. Adrià del Besòs, Barcelona, Spain), 24 soil and vegetation samples were collected at the same sampling points in which samples had been taken 1 year before. Each sample was analyzed for PCDDs and PCDFs by high-resolution gas chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry. While in the previous study PCDD/F concentrations in soil ranged from 1.22 to 34. 28 ng I-TEQ/kg (median and mean values: 9.06 and 12.24 ng I-TEQ/kg), in the present study, PCDD/F levels ranged from 1.33 to 54.23 ng I-TEQ/kg (median and mean values: 11.85 and 14.41 ng I-TEQ/kg). On the other hand, in the previous study, PCDD/F levels in vegetation ranged from 0.33 to 1.98 ng I-TEQ/kg (median and mean values: 0.58 and 0.70 ng I-TEQ/kg), whereas in the present study, PCDD/F levels ranged from 0.32 to 2.52 ng I-TEQ/kg (median and mean values: 0.82 and 0.97 ng I-TEQ/kg). During the last 12 months, PCDD/F levels increased in 16 of the 24 soil samples and in 17 of the 24 vegetation samples analyzed. However, no significant differences in the median I-TEQ concentrations of both studies were found either in soil or vegetation samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Domingo
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Rovira i Virgili University, San Lorenzo 21, 43201, Reus, Spain.
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Wingfors H, Lindström G, van Bavel B, Schuhmacher M, Hardell L. Multivariate data evaluation of PCB and dioxin profiles in the general population in Sweden and Spain. Chemosphere 2000; 40:1083-1088. [PMID: 10739049 DOI: 10.1016/s0045-6535(99)00356-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Thirty-three polychlorinated biphenyls and 20 dioxin-like congeners were determined by GC-MS in blood and adipose tissue samples from two general population groups, one in Spain (n = 35) and one in Sweden (n = 28). The results were evaluated by multivariate projection (Simca), after normalisation to the most abundant and stable congener in each data set, in order to reveal differences in the "national" congener profiles. The mean values of each population group did not differ significantly. The sum of PCBs in the Spanish was 1450 ng/g and in the Swedish 1310 ng/g. The sum of the dioxin-like compounds in Spain was 1180 pg/g and in Sweden 804 pg/g. The congener profiles differed between the countries. Mainly the higher chlorinated congeners for both the dioxin-like compounds and the PCBs are more dominant in the Spanish group compared to the Swedish.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Wingfors
- Institute of Environmental Chemistry, Umeå University, Sweden
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