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Chen Z, Zhang M, Liu Y, Chen Z, Wang L, Wang W, Wang J, He M, Shi B, Wang Y. VEGF-A enhances the cytotoxic function of CD4 + cytotoxic T cells via the VEGF-receptor 1/VEGF-receptor 2/AKT/mTOR pathway. J Transl Med 2023; 21:74. [PMID: 36737819 PMCID: PMC9896805 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-03926-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD4+ cytotoxic T cells (CD4 CTLs) are CD4+ T cells with major histocompatibility complex-II-restricted cytotoxic function. Under pathologic conditions, CD4 CTLs hasten the development of autoimmune disease or viral infection by enhancing cytotoxicity. However, the regulators of the cytotoxicity of CD4 CTLs are not fully understood. METHODS To explore the potential regulators of the cytotoxicity of CD4 CTLs, bulk RNA and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, flow cytometry, quantitative PCR, and in-vitro stimulation and inhibition assays were performed. RESULTS In this study, we found that VEGF-A promoted the cytotoxicity of CD4 CTLs through scRNA-seq and flow cytometry. Regarding the specific VEGF receptor (R) involved, VEGF-R1/R2 signaling was activated in CD4 CTLs with increased cytotoxicity, and the VEGF-A effects were inhibited when anti-VEGF-R1/R2 neutralizing antibodies were applied. Mechanistically, VEGF-A treatment activated the AKT/mTOR pathway in CD4 CTLs, and the increases of cytotoxic molecules induced by VEGF-A were significantly reduced when the AKT/mTOR pathway was inhibited. CONCLUSION In conclusion, VEGF-A enhances the cytotoxicity of CD4 CTLs through the VEGF-R1/VEGF-R2/AKT/mTOR pathway, providing insights for the development of novel treatments for disorders associated with CD4 CTLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Chen
- grid.452438.c0000 0004 1760 8119Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- grid.452438.c0000 0004 1760 8119Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yufeng Liu
- grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243MOE Key Lab for Intelligent Networks & Networks Security, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China ,grid.452438.c0000 0004 1760 8119Genome Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China ,grid.452438.c0000 0004 1760 8119BioBank, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- grid.452452.00000 0004 1757 9282Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ling Wang
- grid.452438.c0000 0004 1760 8119Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- grid.452438.c0000 0004 1760 8119Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jincheng Wang
- grid.452438.c0000 0004 1760 8119Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Mingqian He
- grid.452438.c0000 0004 1760 8119Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Bingyin Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China. .,MOE Key Lab for Intelligent Networks & Networks Security, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China. .,Genome Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
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Zhang HF, Zhang X, Sha YX, Zhou HQ, Pan JH, Xun X, Wang YY, Ge-Sang DJ. [Value of sTREM-1 in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, APACHE II score, and SOFA score in evaluating the conditions and prognosis of children with severe pneumonia]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2020; 22:626-631. [PMID: 32571463 PMCID: PMC7390213 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.1912134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the significance of the level of soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1) in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score, and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score in evaluating the conditions and prognosis of children with severe pneumonia. METHODS A total of 76 children with severe pneumonia who were admitted from August 2017 to October 2019 were enrolled as the severe pneumonia group. According to the treatment outcome, they were divided into a non-response group with 34 children and a response group with 42 children. Ninety-four children with common pneumonia who were admitted during the same period of time were enrolled as the common pneumonia group. One hundred healthy children who underwent physical examination in the outpatient service during the same period of time were enrolled as the control group. The serum level of sTREM-1, APACHE II score, and SOFA score were measured for each group, and the level of sTREM-1 in BALF was measured for children with severe pneumonia. The correlation of the above indices with the severity and prognosis of severe pneumonia in children was analyzed. RESULTS The severe pneumonia group had significantly higher serum sTREM-1 level, APACHEII score, and SOFA score than the common pneumonia group and the control group (P<0.05). For the children with severe pneumonia, the non-response group had significant increases in the levels of sTREM-1 in serum and BALF and SOFA score on day 7 after admission, while the response group had significant reductions in these indices, and there were significant differences between the two groups (P<0.05). Positive correlation was found between any two of serum sTREM-1, BALF sTREM-1, and SOFA score (P<0.05). APACHE II score was not correlated with serum sTREM-1, BALF sTREM-1, and SOFA score (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS The level of sTREM-1 in serum and BALF and SOFA score can be used to evaluate the severity and prognosis of severe pneumonia in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Fang Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China.
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Chesnut M, Muñoz LS, Harris G, Freeman D, Gama L, Pardo CA, Pamies D. In vitro and in silico Models to Study Mosquito-Borne Flavivirus Neuropathogenesis, Prevention, and Treatment. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:223. [PMID: 31338335 PMCID: PMC6629778 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mosquito-borne flaviviruses can cause disease in the nervous system, resulting in a significant burden of morbidity and mortality. Disease models are necessary to understand neuropathogenesis and identify potential therapeutics and vaccines. Non-human primates have been used extensively but present major challenges. Advances have also been made toward the development of humanized mouse models, but these models still do not fully represent human pathophysiology. Recent developments in stem cell technology and cell culture techniques have allowed the development of more physiologically relevant human cell-based models. In silico modeling has also allowed researchers to identify and predict transmission patterns and discover potential vaccine and therapeutic candidates. This review summarizes the research on in vitro and in silico models used to study three mosquito-borne flaviviruses that cause neurological disease in humans: West Nile, Dengue, and Zika. We also propose a roadmap for 21st century research on mosquito-borne flavivirus neuropathogenesis, prevention, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Chesnut
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Laura S. Muñoz
- Division of Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States,Neuroviruses Emerging in the Americas Study, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Georgina Harris
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Dana Freeman
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Lucio Gama
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States,Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Carlos A. Pardo
- Division of Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States,Neuroviruses Emerging in the Americas Study, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - David Pamies
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States,Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland,*Correspondence: David Pamies
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