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Oldak L, Zielinska Z, Milewska P, Chludzinska-Kasperuk S, Latoch E, Konończuk K, Krawczuk-Rybak M, Starosz A, Grubczak K, Reszeć J, Gorodkiewicz E. Changes in the Concentrations of Proangiogenic Cytokines in Human Brain Glioma and Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2586. [PMID: 38473833 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and glioma are some of the most common malignancies, with ALL most often affecting children and glioma affecting adult men. Proangiogenic cytokines and growth factors play an important role in the development of both of these tumors. Glioma is characterized by an extremely extensive network of blood vessels, which continues to expand mainly in the process of neoangiogenesis, the direct inducers of which are cytokines from the family of vascular endothelial growth factors, i.e., vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A) and its receptor vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGF-R2), as well as a cytokine from the fibroblast growth factor family, fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2 or bFGF). Growth factors are known primarily for their involvement in the progression and development of solid tumors, but there is evidence that local bone marrow angiogenesis and increased blood vessel density are also present in hematological malignancies, including leukemias. The aim of this study was to examine changes in the concentrations of VEGF-A, VEGF-R2, and FGF-2 (with a molecular weight of 17 kDa) in a group of patients divided into specific grades of malignancy (glioma) and a control group; changes of VEGF-A and FGF-2 concentrations in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia and a control group; and to determine correlations between the individual proteins as well as the influence of the patient's age, diet, and other conditions that may place the patient in the risk group. During the statistical analysis, significant differences in concentrations were found between the patient and control groups in samples from people with diagnosed glioma and from children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, but in general, there are no significant differences in the concentrations of VEGF-A, VEGF-R2, and FGF-2 between different grades of glioma malignancy. Among individuals treated for glioma, there was no significant impact from the patient's gender and age, consumption of food from plastic packaging, frequency of eating vegetables and fruit, smoking of tobacco products, the intensity of physical exercise, or the general condition of the body (Karnofsky score) on the concentrations of the determined cytokines and receptor. The listed factors do not bring about an actual increase in the risk of developing brain glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Oldak
- Bioanalysis Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Zielinska
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Science, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Patrycja Milewska
- Biobank, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 13, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Eryk Latoch
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Konończuk
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Maryna Krawczuk-Rybak
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Starosz
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 13, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Kamil Grubczak
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 13, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Joanna Reszeć
- Biobank, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 13, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
- Department of Medical Pathology, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 13, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Ewa Gorodkiewicz
- Bioanalysis Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland
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Chen Z, Zhang M, Liu Y, Chen Z, Wang L, Wang W, Wang J, He M, Shi B, Wang Y. VEGF-A enhances the cytotoxic function of CD4 + cytotoxic T cells via the VEGF-receptor 1/VEGF-receptor 2/AKT/mTOR pathway. J Transl Med 2023; 21:74. [PMID: 36737819 PMCID: PMC9896805 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-03926-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD4+ cytotoxic T cells (CD4 CTLs) are CD4+ T cells with major histocompatibility complex-II-restricted cytotoxic function. Under pathologic conditions, CD4 CTLs hasten the development of autoimmune disease or viral infection by enhancing cytotoxicity. However, the regulators of the cytotoxicity of CD4 CTLs are not fully understood. METHODS To explore the potential regulators of the cytotoxicity of CD4 CTLs, bulk RNA and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, flow cytometry, quantitative PCR, and in-vitro stimulation and inhibition assays were performed. RESULTS In this study, we found that VEGF-A promoted the cytotoxicity of CD4 CTLs through scRNA-seq and flow cytometry. Regarding the specific VEGF receptor (R) involved, VEGF-R1/R2 signaling was activated in CD4 CTLs with increased cytotoxicity, and the VEGF-A effects were inhibited when anti-VEGF-R1/R2 neutralizing antibodies were applied. Mechanistically, VEGF-A treatment activated the AKT/mTOR pathway in CD4 CTLs, and the increases of cytotoxic molecules induced by VEGF-A were significantly reduced when the AKT/mTOR pathway was inhibited. CONCLUSION In conclusion, VEGF-A enhances the cytotoxicity of CD4 CTLs through the VEGF-R1/VEGF-R2/AKT/mTOR pathway, providing insights for the development of novel treatments for disorders associated with CD4 CTLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Chen
- grid.452438.c0000 0004 1760 8119Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- grid.452438.c0000 0004 1760 8119Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yufeng Liu
- grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243MOE Key Lab for Intelligent Networks & Networks Security, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China ,grid.452438.c0000 0004 1760 8119Genome Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China ,grid.452438.c0000 0004 1760 8119BioBank, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- grid.452452.00000 0004 1757 9282Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ling Wang
- grid.452438.c0000 0004 1760 8119Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- grid.452438.c0000 0004 1760 8119Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jincheng Wang
- grid.452438.c0000 0004 1760 8119Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Mingqian He
- grid.452438.c0000 0004 1760 8119Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Bingyin Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China. .,MOE Key Lab for Intelligent Networks & Networks Security, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China. .,Genome Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
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Oldak L, Zelazowska-Rutkowska B, Lesniewska A, Mrozek P, Skoczylas M, Lukaszewski Z, Gorodkiewicz E. Two Biosensors for the Determination of VEGF-R2 in Plasma by Array SPRi. Molecules 2022; 28:molecules28010155. [PMID: 36615347 PMCID: PMC9822109 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGF-R2) is a marker of angiogenesis and metastasis of cancer. Two biosensors for the determination of VEGF-R2 in plasma have been developed. One of them is based on a pure gold chip, and the other on a silver/gold bimetallic chip; both have the receptor, monoclonal rabbit antibody specific for human VEGF-R2, attached to the chip via a cysteamine linker. The biosensor with the gold chip exhibits linearity of the analytical signal between 0.03 and 2 ng/mL, a precision of 1.4% and recovery between 99% and 102%. The biosensor with the bimetallic chip exhibits linearity between 0.03 and 1 ng/mL, a precision of 2.2% and recovery between 99% and 103%. Both biosensors tolerate a 1:100 excess of VEGF, VEGF-R1 and VEGF-R3. Both biosensors were validated by parallel determination of VEGF-R2 in 27 different plasma samples using the ELISA immunosensor assay, with very good agreement of the results. Thermodynamic parameters of the interaction of VEGF-R2 with the antibody were determined by QCM (Quartz Crystal Microbalance) and SPRi (Surface Plasmon Resonance imaging) measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Oldak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Bioanalysis Laboratory, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Science, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Beata Zelazowska-Rutkowska
- Department of Pediatric Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 17, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Lesniewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Bioanalysis Laboratory, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Piotr Mrozek
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45C, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Marcin Skoczylas
- Faculty of Computer Science, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45A, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Zenon Lukaszewski
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, pl. Sklodowskiej-Curie 5, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Ewa Gorodkiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Bioanalysis Laboratory, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland
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Li Y, Ma T, Zhu X, Zhang M, Zhao L, Wang P, Liang J. Zinc improves neurological recovery by promoting angiogenesis via the astrocyte-mediated HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathway in experimental stroke. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 28:1790-1799. [PMID: 35855611 PMCID: PMC9532912 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic stroke is a serious cerebrovascular disease with high morbidity and disability. Zinc accumulation has been shown to play a vital role in neuronal death and blood-brain barrier damage following ischemia in acute stage. However, almost nothing is known about whether zinc is involved in neurological recovery in ischemic prolonged period. This study investigates whether zinc promotes neurological recovery through astrocytes-induced angiogenesis during ischemic repair phase. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to 2 h ischemia/14, 21, and 28 days reperfusion by middle cerebral artery occlusion, then administered ZnCl2 (10 mg/kg) via intraperitoneally daily from 7 days to tissue collection to observe brain tissue morphology, neurological function recovery by cortical width index, Adhesive removal test, and Forelimb placing test. Angiogenesis, astrocyte activation, and HIF-1α/VEGF pathway were assessed via Western blot, immunofluorescence, and BrdU method in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS The results showed that zinc significantly alleviated brain atrophy and improved neurological function recovery during the cerebral ischemia repair stage. Zinc significantly increased the protein levels of HIF-1α, VEGF-A, and VEGF-R2 in astrocytes, and promoted angiogenesis during cerebral ischemia repair. In vitro and in vivo studies confirmed that zinc promoted angiogenesis via the astrocyte-mediated HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS Zinc significantly improves neurological function recovery during the cerebral ischemia repair stage, providing new evidence supporting zinc as a potential therapeutic target for ischemic stroke by promoting astrocyte induced angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Institution of Life Science, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Tingting Ma
- Institution of Life Science, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhu
- Institution of Life Science, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Mingqi Zhang
- Institution of Life Science, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases of Liaoning Province, Department of Neurobiology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Jia Liang
- Institution of Life Science, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases of Liaoning Province, Department of Neurobiology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
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Zhang L, Shen Y, Wang Z, Li X, Xia W, Su L, Fan X, Wang D. Serum Differentially Expressed Angiogenic Cytokines in Head and Neck Vascular Malformations. J Oral Pathol Med 2022; 51:911-919. [PMID: 35854627 DOI: 10.1111/jop.13335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Head and neck vascular malformation (HNVM) is a highly complex congenital condition that is difficult to diagnose, monitor, and treat. Therefore, it is critical to explore serum cytokines that may be related to its pathology and prognosis. METHODS An antibody-based microarray was used to examine the expression of 31 angiogenic cytokines in 11 HNVM patients relative to 11 healthy subjects. ELISA was used to verify the results. We performed Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses of the differentially expressed cytokines (DECs). Additionally, we explored the function of DECs in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro via CCK-8, wound healing, transwell, and tube formation assays. RESULTS Expression of interleukin (IL)-10, matrix metallopeptidase-9 (MMP-9), and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGF-R2) in HNVM patients was significantly higher, whereas levels of IL-12p40 and angiostatin were significantly lower in HNVM patients relative to healthy controls (P<0.05). However, ELISA only verified that IL-10, MMP-9, VEGF-R2, and IL-12p40 had significant expression changes. Functional enrichment analysis revealed DECs mainly participated in the RAS signalling pathway. Functional studies demonstrated that IL-10, MMP-9, and VEGF-R2 promote cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and tube formation, while IL-12p40 inhibited these processes in HUVECs. CONCLUSIONS The present study not only indicates that IL-10, MMP-9, VEGF-R2 and IL-12p40 may participate in the development of HNVMs but also provides a theoretical basis for the discovery of new targeted molecules in the treatment of HNVMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Zhang
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuchen Shen
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenfeng Wang
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiya Xia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Texas, USA
| | - Lixin Su
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Xindong Fan
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Deming Wang
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
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Zhang M, Tombran-Tink J, Yang S, Zhang X, Li X, Barnstable CJ. PEDF is an endogenous inhibitor of VEGF-R2 angiogenesis signaling in endothelial cells. Exp Eye Res 2021; 213:108828. [PMID: 34742690 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Pigment epithelium derived factor (PEDF), an endogenous inhibitor of angiogenesis, targets the growth of aberrant blood vessels in many tissues, including the eye. In this study we show that PEDF prevented early mitogenic signals of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A) in primate retinal endothelial cells, blocking proliferation, migration and tube formation. PEDF inhibited the phosphorylation and activation of five major downstream VEGF-A signaling partners, namely phosphoinositide-3-OH Kinase (PI3K), AKT, FAK, Src (Y416), and PLC-γ. It did so by binding to the extracellular domain of VEGF-R2, blocking VEGF-A-induced tyrosine phosphorylation (Tyr 951 and Tyr 1175), and inhibiting VEGF-R2 receptor kinase activity. PEDF had no effect on the transcription or translation of VEGF-R2 in cultured HUVECs. PEDF also bound to the extracellular domain of VEGF-R1. We conclude that PEDF blocks the growth of new blood vessels, in part, by reducing VEGF-A activation of its key mitogenic receptor, VEGF-R2, and by preventing its downstream signals in endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingliang Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, 251 Fukang Road, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Joyce Tombran-Tink
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, 251 Fukang Road, Tianjin, 300384, China; Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
| | - Songyang Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, 251 Fukang Road, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, 251 Fukang Road, Tianjin, 300384, China.
| | - Xiaorong Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, 251 Fukang Road, Tianjin, 300384, China.
| | - Colin J Barnstable
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, 251 Fukang Road, Tianjin, 300384, China; Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
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Roy T, James BD, Allen JB. Anti- VEGF-R2 Aptamer and RGD Peptide Synergize in a Bifunctional Hydrogel for Enhanced Angiogenic Potential. Macromol Biosci 2021; 21:e2000337. [PMID: 33191671 PMCID: PMC7880904 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202000337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels have gained interest for use in tissue regeneration and wound healing because of their absorbing and swelling properties as well as their ability to mimic the natural extracellular matrix. Their use in wound healing specifically may be in the form of a patch or wound dressing or they may be administered within the wound bed as a filler, gel in situ, to promote healing. Thiolated hyaluronic acid-polyethylene diacrylate (tHA-PEGDA) hydrogels are ideal for this purpose due to their short gelation times at physiological temperature and pH. But these hydrogels alone are not enough and require added components to gain bioactivity. In this work, RGD adhesion peptides and an antivascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGF-R2) DNA aptamer are incorporated into a tHA-PEGDA hydrogel to make a bifunctional hyaluronic acid hydrogel. RGD peptides promote attachment and growth of cells while the anti-VEGF-R2 DNA aptamer seems to improve cell viability, induce cell migration, and spur the onset of angiogenesis by tube formation by endothelial cells. This bifunctional hydrogel supports cell culture and has improved biological properties. The data suggest that these hydrogels can be used for advanced tissue regeneration applications such as in wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanaya Roy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Bryan D James
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Josephine B Allen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
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Abstract
Background Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is a leading cause of central vision loss complicated with age-related macular degeneration. Although intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy is widely used in wet age-related macular degeneration, optimal treatment regimens for the disease are still under investigation. EphrinB2 and EphB4 regulate angiogenesis, and interruption of EphB4/ephrinB2 has been demonstrated to inhibit angiogenesis. In the current study, we studied the effects of soluble EphB4 (sEphB4) on laser induced CNV in a rat model by intravitreous injection and the underlying mechanism. Methods Male rats (Brown-Norway) were used in the study. CNV was induced by laser and the sEphB4 was injected intravitreous after laser at days 3 and 7. The CNV lesions were evaluated by three methods: fluorescein angiography (FA) in vivo, CNV volume by confocal analysis of choroidal flat-mounts and H&E staining. The expression of fibronectin (FN), VEGFR-2, phospho-VEGFR-2 (pVEGFR-2), the double labeling of EphB4 with FN was analyzed by immunofluorescence. The interaction of FN with EphB4 and the effects of intraocular injection of sEphB4 on the inhibition of pVEGFR-2 were determined by western blot. Results The FA leakage and CNV volume were significantly inhibited by the injection of the sEphB4. Further, histology analysis showed that CNV lesion was significantly smaller in the rats with sEphB4 injection than rats with placebo application. The expressions of pVEGFR-2 and FN in the CNV lesions were reduced compared with controls. Conclusions Our study suggests that the inhibition of CNV by sEphB4 may be through suppression of VEGFR-2 phosphorylation and the expression of FN. sEphB4 may be a new potential therapeutic strategy of CNV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikun He
- Department of Pathology and USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sha Ouyang
- Department of Pathology and USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaohua Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Henan Eye Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Binyun Ma
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Autenshlyus A, Arkhipov S, Mikhailova E, Arkhipova V, Varaksin N. VEGF-R2 and TNF-R1 expression and cytokine production by samples of mammary adenocarcinomas and correlations with histopathological parameters of these malignant tumors. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2018; 32:2058738418787990. [PMID: 29985074 PMCID: PMC6073826 DOI: 10.1177/2058738418787990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, the role of cytokines in the tumor progression, including breast cancer, is universally recognized. At the same time, there are still many questions concerning the role of individual cytokines and receptors for cytokines in various morphogenetic processes underlying the tumor progression. The objective of this work was to study cytokine production and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-R2 and VEGF-R1 expression by mammary adenocarcinoma (MAC) and the correlations with histopathological parameters of malignant tumors. The object of the study was cultured tumor biopsy samples from 47 women aged 43-75 years with invasive ductal carcinoma, which was classified as grade II-III adenocarcinoma. It was shown that the cytokine profiles of the supernatants of MAC samples from patients differ greatly. A correlation between the levels of VEGF-R2 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-R1 expression was observed. Correlations were also revealed during analysis of the relations of histopathological MAC indicators with KVEGF-R2/VEGF-A and KTNF-R1/TNF-α coefficients, which are equal, respectively, to the ratio of expression values of receptors VEGF-R2 and TNF-R1 to the concentrations of the relevant cytokines (VEGF-A and TNF-α) in the culture supernatants of the same MAC samples. A direct correlation was identified between KVEGF-R/VEGF-A and some histopathological MAC characteristics: proportion of cells undergoing mitosis or pathological mitosis in MAC and poorly differentiated cells. KVEGF-R2/VEGF-A directly correlated with the concentration in supernatant interleukin (IL)-18 and interferon (IFN)-γ. KTNF-R1/TNF-α was inversely correlated with the concentration in supernatant of IL-1Ra, IL-8, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). The data obtained show that the high-level production of IL-18 and IL-1β by MAC, overexpression of VEGF-R2 in tumor (at relatively low VEGF-A production), and the high level of IFN-γ production are attributed factors contributing to the formation of a population of low-grade cells in the tumor. The factors regulating the population of moderately differentiated cells in the tumor are referred to as IL-1Ra, IL-8, and GM-CSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Autenshlyus
- 1 Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, Russia.,2 Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Subdivision of Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergey Arkhipov
- 1 Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, Russia.,2 Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Subdivision of Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia.,3 Laboratory of Immunohistochemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Central Research Laboratory, Novosibirsk State Medical University
| | - Elena Mikhailova
- 1 Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, Russia.,2 Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Subdivision of Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Tehfe M, Tabchi S, Laterza MM, De Vita F. Ramucirumab in HER-2-positive gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma: an argument for overcoming trastuzumab resistance. Future Oncol 2018; 14:223-228. [PMID: 29318901 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2017-0434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Patients with advanced gastric cancer have a relatively poor prognosis with few therapeutic alternatives beyond first-line therapy. The purpose of this manuscript is to highlight the potential for prolonged responses in patients with HER-2-positive disease. Patients, materials & methods: We analyzed the data of patients diagnosed with HER-2-positive-advanced gastric cancer who progressed on trastuzumab-based combination therapy and subsequently received second-line therapy consisting of ramucirumab in combination with paclitaxel. RESULTS Most patients had a stable disease after ramucirumab-based therapy (50%, 5/10), median duration to disease control was 8 months. CONCLUSION The prolonged duration of response that we observed indicates that an interaction between the EGF pathway and the angiogenesis pathway requires further clinical investigations.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/drug therapy
- Adenocarcinoma/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma/pathology
- Aged
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/adverse effects
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/adverse effects
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/therapeutic use
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/adverse effects
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Esophageal Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Esophageal Neoplasms/genetics
- Esophageal Neoplasms/pathology
- Esophagogastric Junction/pathology
- Female
- Humans
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics
- Retreatment
- Stomach Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Stomach Neoplasms/genetics
- Stomach Neoplasms/pathology
- Trastuzumab/therapeutic use
- Treatment Outcome
- Ramucirumab
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustapha Tehfe
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2L 4M1, Canada
| | - Samer Tabchi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2L 4M1, Canada
| | | | - Ferdinando De Vita
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Naples 'Luigi Vanvitelli', NA 80138, Italy
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11
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Khan S, Shukla S, Sinha S, Meeran SM. Role of adipokines and cytokines in obesity-associated breast cancer: therapeutic targets. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2013; 24:503-13. [PMID: 24210902 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2013.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is the cause of a large proportion of breast cancer incidences and mortality in post-menopausal women. In obese people, elevated levels of various growth factors such as insulin and insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are found. Elevated insulin level leads to increased secretion of estrogen by binding to the circulating sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG). The increased estrogen-mediated downstream signaling favors breast carcinogenesis. Obesity leads to altered expression profiles of various adipokines and cytokines including leptin, adiponectin, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β. The increased levels of leptin and decreased adiponectin secretion are directly associated with breast cancer development. Increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines within the tumor microenvironment promote tumor development. Efficacy of available breast cancer drugs against obesity-associated breast cancer is yet to be confirmed. In this review, we will discuss different adipokine- and cytokine-mediated molecular signaling pathways involved in obesity-associated breast cancer, available therapeutic strategies and potential therapeutic targets for obesity-associated breast cancer.
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12
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Shinozaki M, Nakamura M, Konomi T, Kobayashi Y, Takano M, Saito N, Toyama Y, Okano H. Distinct roles of endogenous vascular endothelial factor receptor 1 and 2 in neural protection after spinal cord injury. Neurosci Res 2013; 78:55-64. [PMID: 24107617 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2013.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Secondary degeneration after spinal cord injury (SCI) is caused by increased vascular permeability, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and subsequent focal edema. Therapeutic interventions using neurotrophic factors have focused on the prevention of such reactions to reduce cell death and promote tissue regeneration. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent angiogenic and vascular permeability factor. However, the effect of VEGF on SCI remains controversial. VEGF signaling is primarily regulated through two primary receptors, VEGF receptor 1 (VEGF-R1) and VEGF receptor 2 (VEGF-R2). The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of intraperitoneal administration of VEGF-R1- and VEGF-R2-neutralizing antibodies on a mouse model of SCI. VEGF-R1 blockade, but not VEGF-R2 blockade, decreased the permeability and infiltration of inflammatory cells, and VEGF-R2 blockade caused a significant increase in neuronal apoptosis in the acute phase of SCI. VEGF-R2 blockade decreased the residual tissue area and the number of neural fibers in the chronic phase of SCI. VEGF-R2 blockade worsened the functional recovery and prolonged the latency of motor evoked potentials. These data suggest that endogenous VEGF-R2 plays a crucial role in neuronal protection after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munehisa Shinozaki
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Masaya Nakamura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Tsunehiko Konomi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshiomi Kobayashi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Morito Takano
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Nobuhito Saito
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Toyama
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
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Ahluwalia A, Jones MK, Szabo S, Tarnawski AS. Aberrant, ectopic expression of VEGF and VEGF receptors 1 and 2 in malignant colonic epithelial cells. Implications for these cells growth via an autocrine mechanism. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 437:515-20. [PMID: 23831629 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.06.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Vascular endothelial growth factor A (referred to as VEGF) is implicated in colon cancer growth. Currently, the main accepted mechanism by which VEGF promotes colon cancer growth is via the stimulation of angiogenesis, which was originally postulated by late Judah Folkman. However, the cellular source of VEGF in colon cancer tissue; and, the expression of VEGF and its receptors VEGF-R1 and VEGF-R2 in colon cancer cells are not fully known and are subjects of controversy. MATERIAL AND METHODS We examined and quantified expression of VEGF, VEGF-R1 and VEGF-R2 in three different human colonic tissue arrays containing sections of adenocarcinoma (n=43) and normal mucosa (n = 41). In human colon cancer cell lines HCT116 and HT29 and normal colon cell lines NCM356 and NCM460, we examined expression of VEGF, VEGF-R1 and VEGF-R2 mRNA and protein, VEGF production and secretion into the culture medium; and, the effect of a potent, selective inhibitor of VEGF receptors, AL-993, on cell proliferation. RESULTS Human colorectal cancer specimens had strong expression of VEGF in cancer cells and also expressed VEGF-R1 and VEGF-R2.In vitro studies showed that human colon cancer cell lines, HCT116 and HT29, but not normal colonic cell lines, express VEGF, VEGF-R1 and VEGF-R2 and secrete VEGF into the medium up to a concentration 2000 pg/ml within 48 h. Furthermore, we showed that inhibition of VEGF receptors using a specific VEGF-R inhibitor significantly reduced proliferation (by >50%) of cultured colon cancer cell lines. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the contention that VEGF generated by colon cancer cells stimulates their growth directly through an autocrine mechanism that is independent of its primary function in the induction of angiogenesis.
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Barthelmes D, Irhimeh MR, Gillies MC, Karimipour M, Zhou M, Zhu L, Shen WY. Diabetes impairs mobilization of mouse bone marrow-derived Lin(-)/ VEGF-R2(+) progenitor cells. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2013; 51:163-73. [PMID: 23714230 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Revised: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells circulating in the peripheral blood (PB) contribute to vascular repair. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of a 'cocktail' consisting of erythropoietin, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and tetrahydrobiopterin to mobilize hematopoietic lineage negative/vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 positive (Lin(-)/VEGF-R2(+)) cells from the bone marrow (BM) to PB in non-diabetic and diabetic mice. Diabetes was induced in mice by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. Diabetic mice were studied after 16weeks of hyperglycemia. Half the mice in each group (non-diabetic and diabetic) received daily intraperitoneal injections of the cocktail for 6 consecutive days while the other half received vehicle buffer. Mobilization of Lin(-)/VEGF-R2(+) cells, which were expanded in MCP301 medium, was evaluated after isolating them from BM and PB and their phenotypic and morphological properties were studied. We found that 16weeks of diabetes affected neither the total number of BM mononucleated cells nor the number of Lin(-)/VEGF-R2(+) cells in BM compared with non-diabetic controls. In non-diabetic mice, cocktail treatment resulted in a significant decrease in BM Lin(-)/VEGF-R2(+) cells, paralleled by a significant increase of these cells in PB. Such changes in the number of Lin(-)/VEGF-R2(+) cells in BM and PB after the cocktail treatment were less marked in diabetic mice. In vitro studies of BM Lin(-)/VEGF-R2(+) cells from diabetic and non-diabetic mice did not reveal any differences in either phenotypes or colony forming potential. These findings indicate that diabetes impairs the mobilization of Lin(-)/VEGF-R2(+) cells from BM to PB. Impaired mobilization of BM Lin(-)/VEGF-R2(+) cells soon after the onset of diabetes may contribute to complications such as diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Barthelmes
- Save Sight Institute, Sydney Hospital and Sydney Eye Hospital, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Grochot-Przeczek A, Dulak J, Jozkowicz A. Therapeutic angiogenesis for revascularization in peripheral artery disease. Gene 2013; 525:220-8. [PMID: 23566831 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.03.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2013] [Revised: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic angiogenesis for peripheral artery disease (PAD), achieved by gene and cell therapy, has recently raised a great deal of hope for patients who cannot undergo standard revascularizing treatment. Although pre-clinical studies gave very promising data, still clinical trials of gene therapy have not provided satisfactory results. On the other hand, cell therapy approach, despite several limitations, demonstrated more beneficial effects but initial clinical studies must be constantly validated by larger randomized, multi-center, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trials. This review focuses on previous and recent gene and cell therapy studies for limb ischemia, including both experimental and clinical research, and summarizes some important papers published in this field. Moreover, it provides a short comment on combined gene and cell therapy approach on the example of heme oxygenase-1 overexpressing cells with therapeutic properties.
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