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Zheng YJ, Li DL, Luo D, Chen XP, Zhang B, Fang C, Gan Y, Li B, Su S. Early versus Delayed Hepatectomy for Spontaneously Ruptured Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J INVEST SURG 2020; 34:1214-1222. [PMID: 32654535 DOI: 10.1080/08941939.2020.1792009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Here, we aimed to compare early hepatectomy (EH) with delayed hepatectomy (DH) as a treatment for spontaneously ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS Several databases were systematically searched for eligible studies that compared DH with EH for spontaneously ruptured HCC treatment. Studies that met the inclusion criteria were reviewed systematically, and the reported data were aggregated statistically, using the RevMan v5.3 software. RESULTS Seven studies were included, with a total of 385 patients, comprising of 224 EH cases and 161 DH cases. Compared with the EH group, incidence of intraoperative bleeding [mean difference (MD), 353.93; 95% CI, 230.04-447.83; P < 0.00001], volume of intraoperative blood transfusion (MD, 420.61; 95% CI, 354.40-486.81, P < 0.00001), and 30-day mortality rate (OR, 14.94; 95% CI, 1.76-126.66; P = 0.01) were significantly lower in the DH group. Furthermore, the 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates were significantly higher in the DH group [1-year:hazard ratio (HR), 1.76; 95% CI, 1.06-2.94; P = 0.03; 2-year:HR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.02-2.25; P = 0.04; 3-year: HR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.06-2.21; P = 0.02]. There was no difference between the groups in the 5-year survival rate (HR, 1.40; 95% CI, 0.92-2.11; P = 0.11). CONCLUSION For resectable spontaneously ruptured HCC, DH could reduce intraoperative bleeding, intraoperative blood transfusion volume, and 30-day mortality rate and increase the 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates, endowing the patients with greater short- and long-term benefits during and following the surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jun Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou City, China.,Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou City, China
| | - Dong-Lun Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou City, China.,Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou City, China
| | - De Luo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou City, China.,Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou City, China
| | - Xin-Pei Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou City, China.,Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou City, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- General Surgery Department, Jingyan County people's Hospital, Leshan City, China
| | - Cheng Fang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou City, China.,Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou City, China
| | - Yu Gan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou City, China.,Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou City, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou City, China.,Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou City, China
| | - Song Su
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou City, China.,Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou City, China
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Roy P, Dey D, De D. First principle approac h towards logic design using hydrogen-doped single-strand DNA. IET Nanobiotechnol 2019; 13:77-83. [PMID: 30964042 PMCID: PMC8676674 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2018.5027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Molecular logic gate has been proposed using single-strand DNA (ssDNA) consisting of basic four nucleobases. In this study, density functional theory and non-equilibrium Green's function based first principle approach is applied to investigate the electronic transmission characteristics of ssDNA chain. The heavily hydrogen-doped-ssDNA (H-ssDNA) chain is connected with gold electrode to achieve enhanced quantum-ballistic transmission along 〈1 1 1〉 direction. Logic gates OR, Ex-OR, NXOR have been implemented using this analytical model of H-ssDNA device. Enhanced logic properties have been observed for ssDNA after H adsorption due to improved electronic transmission. Dense electron cloud is considered as logic 'high' (1) output in presence of hydrogen molecule and on the contrary sparse cloud indicate logic 'low' (0) in the absence of hydrogen molecule. Device current is significantly increased from 0.2 nA to 2.4 µA (approx.) when ssDNA chain is heavily doped with hydrogen molecule. The current-voltage characteristics confirm the formation of various Boolean logic gate operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradipta Roy
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Swami Vivekananda Institute of Science and Technology, Dakshin Gobindapur, P.S.: Sonarpur, Kolkata 700 145, West Bengal, India.
| | - Debarati Dey
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, BF-142, Sector 1, Salt Lake City, Kolkata 700 064, West Bengal, India
| | - Debashis De
- Department of Physics, University of Western Australia, M013, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
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3
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Xu L, Beckebaum S, Iacob S, Wu G, Kaiser GM, Radtke A, Liu C, Kabar I, Schmidt HH, Zhang X, Lu M, Cicinnati VR. MicroRNA-101 inhibits human hepatocellular carcinoma progression through EZH2 downregulation and increased cytostatic drug sensitivity. J Hepatol 2014; 60:590-8. [PMID: 24211739 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2013.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Oncogene polycomb group protein enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) has been proposed to be a target gene of putative tumor suppressor microRNA-101 (miR-101). The aim of our study was to investigate the functional role of both miR-101 and EZH2 in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS MiR-101 and EZH2 expressions were evaluated in tumor tissues of 99 HCC patients and 7 liver cancer cell lines by real-time PCR. Luciferase reporter assay was employed to validate whether EZH2 represents a target gene of miR-101. The effect of miR-101 on HCC growth as well as programmed cell death was studied in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS MiR-101 expression was significantly downregulated in most of HCC tissues and all cell lines, whereas EZH2 was significantly overexpressed in most of HCC tissues and all cell lines. There was a negative correlation between expression levels of miR-101 and EZH2. Luciferase assay results confirmed EZH2 as a direct target gene of miR-101, which negatively regulates EZH2 expression in HCC. Ectopic overexpression of miR-101 dramatically repressed proliferation, invasion, colony formation as well as cell cycle progression in vitro and suppressed tumorigenicity in vivo. Furthermore, miR-101 inhibited autophagy and synergized with either doxorubicin or fluorouracil to induce apoptosis in tumor cells. CONCLUSION Tumor suppressor miR-101 represses HCC progression through directly targeting EZH2 oncogene and sensitizes liver cancer cells to chemotherapeutic treatment. Our findings provide significant insights into molecular mechanisms of hepatocarcinogenesis and may have clinical relevance for the development of novel targeted therapies for HCC.
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4
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Gabay R, Rozen S, Samokovlisky A, Amor Y, Rosenfeld R, Kohen F, Amsterdam A, Berger P, Ben-Menahem D. The role of the 3' region of mammalian gonadotropin β subunit gene in the luteinizing hormone to chorionic gonadotropin evolution. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 382:781-90. [PMID: 24239648 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
CGβ subunits comprise a unique carboxyl-terminal peptide (CTP) that has multiple O-linked glycans and extends serum half-life of the protein. It has evolved by incorporating a previously untranslated region of the LHβ gene into the reading frame. Although CTP-like sequences are encrypted in the LHβ genes of several mammals, the CGβ subunit developed only in primates and equids. To study this restriction in evolution, we examined whether the cryptic CTP decoded from the bovine LHβ gene (boCTP) possesses key characteristics of the human (h) CGβ-CTP. The boCTP does not impede several crucial aspects of hormone biosynthesis, but compared to the hCGβ-CTP, the stretch lacks O-glycans and determinants for circulatory survival. O-glycan deficiency and the associated incapacity to extend serum half-life is a major drawback of the boCTP. This may explain why LH did not evolve into CG in ruminants and consequently alternative mechanisms evolved to delay luteolysis early in gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reut Gabay
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Shelly Rozen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | | | | | | | - Fortune Kohen
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Abraham Amsterdam
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Peter Berger
- Endocrinology Unit, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - David Ben-Menahem
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
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Kayir H, Semenova S, Markou A. Baseline impulsive choice predicts the effects of nicotine and nicotine withdrawal on impulsivity in rats. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2014; 48:6-13. [PMID: 24060391 PMCID: PMC3858513 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Impulsive choice, a form of impulsivity, is associated with tobacco smoking in humans. Trait impulsivity may be a vulnerability factor for smoking, or smoking may lead to impulsive behaviors. We investigated the effects of 14-day nicotine exposure (6.32mg/kg/day base, subcutaneous minipumps) and spontaneous nicotine withdrawal on impulsive choice in low impulsive (LI) and high impulsive (HI) rats. Impulsive choice was measured in the delayed reward task in which rats choose between a small immediate reward and a large delayed reward. HI and LI rats were selected from the highest and lowest quartiles of the group before exposure to nicotine. In non-selected rats, nicotine or nicotine withdrawal had no effect on impulsive choice. In LI rats, chronic nicotine exposure decreased preference for the large reward with larger effects at longer delays, indicating increased impulsive choice. Impulsive choices for the smaller immediate rewards continued to increase during nicotine withdrawal in LI rats. In HI rats, nicotine exposure and nicotine withdrawal had no effect on impulsive choice, although there was a tendency for decreased preference for the large reward at short delays. These results indicate that nicotine- and nicotine withdrawal-induced increases in impulsive choice depend on trait impulsivity with more pronounced increases in impulsive choice in LI compared to HI subjects. Increased impulsivity during nicotine exposure may strengthen the addictive properties of nicotine and contribute to compulsive nicotine use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Kayir
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA,Department of Medical Pharmacology, Psychopharmacology Research Unit, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Svetlana Semenova
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Athina Markou
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA,Corresponding author: Athina Markou, Ph.D., Department of Psychiatry, Mail Code 0603, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0603, USA; tel: (858) 534-1572; fax: (858) 534-9917;
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Li M, Gao Z, Wang Y, Wang H, Zhang S. Identification, expression and bioactivity of hexokinase in amphioxus: insights into evolution of vertebrate hexokinase genes. Gene 2014; 535:318-26. [PMID: 24262936 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.10.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Hexokinase family includes hexokinases I, II, III and IV, that catalyze the phosphorylation of glucose to produce glucose 6-phosphate. Hexokinase IV, also known as glucokinase, is only half size of the other types of hexokinases that contain two hexokinase domains. Despite the enormous progress in the study of hexokinases, the evolutionary relationship between glucokinase and other hexokinases is still uncertain, and the molecular processes leading to the emergence of hexokinases in vertebrates remain controversial. Here we clearly demonstrated the presence of a single hexokinase-like gene in the amphioxus Branchiostoma japonicum, Bjhk, which shows a tissue-specific expression pattern, with the most abundant expression in the hepatic caecum, testis and ovary. The phylogenetic and synteny analyses both reveal that BjHK is the archetype of vertebrate hexokinases IV, i.e. glucokinases. We also found for the first time that recombinant BjHK showed functional enzyme activity resembling vertebrate hexokinases I, II, III and IV. In addition, a native glucokinase activity was detected in the hepatic caecum. Finally, glucokinase activity in the hepatic caecum was markedly reduced by fasting, whereas it was considerably increased by feeding. Altogether, these suggest that Bjhk represents the archetype of glucokinases, from which vertebrate hexokinase gene family was evolved by gene duplication, and that the hepatic caecum plays a role in the control of glucose homeostasis in amphioxus, in favor of the notion that the hepatic caecum is a tissue homologous to liver.
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Mir R, Stanzani E, Martinez-Soler F, Villanueva A, Vidal A, Condom E, Ponce J, Gil J, Tortosa A, Giménez-Bonafé P. YM155 sensitizes ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin inducing apoptosis and tumor regression. Gynecol Oncol 2013; 132:211-20. [PMID: 24262875 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2013.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to chemosensitize ovarian cancer (OVCa) cells to cisplatin (CDDP) using an inhibitor of Survivin, YM155. The efficacy of YM155 in combination with CDDP was determined in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo. METHODS Human OVCa cell lines A2780p and their cisplatin-resistant derivative A2780cis, were treated with CDDP, YM155, and the combined treatment (YM155+CDDP), and cell viability, mRNA and protein expression levels, cell-cycle distribution, and DNA damage were then evaluated. Furthermore, the efficacy of YM155 combined with CDDP was further examined in established primary cell cultures and xenograft models. RESULTS The combination of YM155 with CDDP induced G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, increased DNA damage, and decreased Survivin levels, especially in A2780cis CDDP-resistant cells. Additionally, YM155 in combination with CDDP sensitized primary cell cultures to CDDP. Studies in vivo showed how this combination significantly decreased the tumor size of OVCa xenografts. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that in OVCa cells the expression of Survivin did not affect their sensitivity to YM155, suggesting that Survivin was not the only target of YM155. The combination of YM155 with CDDP could be a good option for therapy of CDDP-resistant OVCa, independently of p53 status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roser Mir
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, Faculty of Medicine, Campus of Health Sciences of Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBELL, Spain
| | - Elisabetta Stanzani
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, Faculty of Medicine, Campus of Health Sciences of Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBELL, Spain
| | - Fina Martinez-Soler
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, Faculty of Medicine, Campus of Health Sciences of Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBELL, Spain; Department of Basic Nursing, School of Nursing of the Health Campus of Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBELL, Spain
| | - Alberto Villanueva
- Translational Research Laboratory, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, IDIBELL, Spain
| | - August Vidal
- Department of Pathology, Hospital de Bellvitge, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBELL, Spain
| | - Enric Condom
- Department of Pathology, Hospital de Bellvitge, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBELL, Spain
| | - Jordi Ponce
- Department of Gynecology, Hospital de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Gil
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, Faculty of Medicine, Campus of Health Sciences of Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBELL, Spain
| | - Avelina Tortosa
- Department of Basic Nursing, School of Nursing of the Health Campus of Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBELL, Spain.
| | - Pepita Giménez-Bonafé
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, Faculty of Medicine, Campus of Health Sciences of Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBELL, Spain.
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Pratumvinit B, Reesukumal K, Wongkrajang P, Khejonnit V, Klinbua C, Dangneawnoi W. Should acidification of urine be performed before the analysis of calcium, phosphate and magnesium in the presence of crystals? Clin Chim Acta 2013; 426:46-50. [PMID: 24012827 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2013.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acidification of urine has been recommended before testing for calcium, phosphate, and magnesium. We investigated the necessity of pre-analytical acidification in both crystallized and non-crystallized urine samples. METHODS From 130 urine samples obtained via routine urine analysis, 65 (50%) samples were classified as non-crystallized. All samples were divided into three groups: untreated samples, acidified samples with HCl, and acidified samples after 1h room-temperature incubation. Urine samples were measured for calcium, phosphate, magnesium, and creatinine using Modular P800 and were examined for crystals using light microscopy. RESULTS In crystallized samples, acidified samples with 1h incubation had significantly higher Ca/Cr, P/Cr, and Mg/Cr than did untreated samples with mean differences of 0.04, 0.03, and 0.01 mg/mg, respectively (P<0.001). In acidified samples that were analyzed immediately, crystallized samples had lower calcium concentrations than those of acidified samples with 1h incubation and a mean difference of 0.21 mg/dl (P = 0.025). None of the sample differences which exceeded the critical difference of urinary Ca, P and Mg was observed. CONCLUSIONS Acidification of urine should be performed before the measurement of Ca, P, and Mg in the presence of urinary crystals. However, the lack of an acidification process does not result in a clinically significant change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Busadee Pratumvinit
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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9
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Luncsford PJ, Manvilla BA, Patterson DN, Malik SS, Jin J, Hwang BJ, Gunther R, Kalvakolanu S, Lipinski LJ, Yuan W, Lu W, Drohat AC, Lu AL, Toth EA. Coordination of MYH DNA glycosylase and APE1 endonuclease activities via physical interactions. DNA Repair (Amst) 2013; 12:1043-52. [PMID: 24209961 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2013.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
MutY homologue (MYH) is a DNA glycosylase which excises adenine paired with the oxidative lesion 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG, or G(o)) during base excision repair (BER). Base excision by MYH results in an apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) site in the DNA where the DNA sugar-phosphate backbone remains intact. A key feature of MYH activity is its physical interaction and coordination with AP endonuclease I (APE1), which subsequently nicks DNA 5' to the AP site. Because AP sites are mutagenic and cytotoxic, they must be processed by APE1 immediately after the action of MYH glycosylase. Our recent reports show that the interdomain connector (IDC) of human MYH (hMYH) maintains interactions with hAPE1 and the human checkpoint clamp Rad9-Rad1-Hus1 (9-1-1) complex. In this study, we used NMR chemical shift perturbation experiments to determine hMYH-binding site on hAPE1. Chemical shift perturbations indicate that the hMYH IDC peptide binds to the DNA-binding site of hAPE1 and an additional site which is distal to the APE1 DNA-binding interface. In these two binding sites, N212 and Q137 of hAPE1 are key mediators of the MYH/APE1 interaction. Intriguingly, despite the fact that hHus1 and hAPE1 both interact with the MYH IDC, hHus1 does not compete with hAPE1 for binding to hMYH. Rather, hHus1 stabilizes the hMYH/hAPE1 complex both in vitro and in cells. This is consistent with a common theme in BER, namely that the assembly of protein-DNA complexes enhances repair by efficiently coordinating multiple enzymatic steps while simultaneously minimizing the release of harmful repair intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paz J Luncsford
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
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Yoshizato H, Higuchi Y, Toyota Y, Hanai Y, Ando Y, Yoshimura A. Variable alteration of regional tissue oxygen pressure in rat hippocampus by acute swimming exercise. Life Sci 2013; 93:773-7. [PMID: 24095947 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED One of the events in the brain is an increasing cerebral blood flow during exercise. The tissue oxygen level may be increased because blood flow correlates with tissue oxygen level. However, it is little known whether the tissue oxygen pressure in hippocampal region (Hip-pO2) will be affected by exercise. AIMS The aim of this study is to examine Hip-pO2 levels in the hippocampus and its changes during exercise. MAIN METHODS We applied improved Clark-type electrodes to measure Hip-pO2 level in the hippocampus of rats that were subjected to three groups, 2h swimming without weights (low intensity, n=6), 2h swimming with a 5 g weight (moderate intensity, n=6), and 2h swimming with a 10 g weight (high intensity, n=6). KEY FINDINGS Exercise affected the Hip-pO2 level, the responses varied with the exercise intensity and duration. Interestingly during and after the Low intensity swimming the Hip-pO2 level showed long lasting enhancement (10-20% above resting level). But the moderate and high intensity swimming increased Hip-pO2 level at the start of the swimming (50%, P<0.05 and slightly above resting level, respectively, at 10 min of 2h swimming) and then began to decrease (at 120 min and 10 min of 2h swimming, respectively), and suppressed the Hip-pO2 levels during post exercise resting period (2h) (85-95% of resting level, NS and 60-70% of resting level P<0.05, respectively). SIGNIFICANCE We propose that exercise-induced hippocampal hyper/hypo oxygen condition may participate in beneficial exercise effects on brain function.
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Regadío M, de Soto IS, Rodríguez-Rastrero M, Ruiz AI, Gismera MJ, Cuevas J. Processes and impacts of acid disc harges on a natural substratum under a landfill. Sci Total Environ 2013; 463-464:1049-1059. [PMID: 23891997 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Analyses of substratum samples under a landfill were performed to assess the pollution impact of waste over a clay-sand material after nine years of exposure. These samples presented different illite/kaolinite ratios and an acid pH, especially low near the waste/soil contact in a 1-1.5 m soil thickness with low density and despite the basic pH of the collected actual methanogenic leachate. This study has raised the effects of a presumably acid stage in the waste leachate on the substratum final quality of clay and its physical-chemical properties as an attenuation buffer. These effects were the dissolution of carbonate minerals, decrease of dry density, increase of hydraulic conductivity, release of metals and formation of clays with low cationic exchange capacity (CEC) as kaolinite. The large presence of H(+) and Al(OH)(3-x)(x+) depleted the neutralizing capacity of the substratum and occupied exchangeable sites, decreasing therefore the available sites for retaining leachate pollutants, which traveled further than the first-meter depth of the substratum. In order to combat and prevent pollution as well as to preserve the good barrier properties under new landfills it is proposed to select illitic materials better than kaolinitic substratum, to avoid acid landfilling and if not possible to add lime.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Regadío
- Department of Geology and Geochemistry, Faculty of Science, Autonomous University of Madrid, Campus Cantoblanco, C/Fco. Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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12
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Martínez-Pacheco M, Hidalgo-Miranda A, Romero-Córdoba S, Valverde M, Rojas E. MRNA and miRNA expression patterns associated to pathways linked to metal mixture health effects. Gene 2013; 533:508-14. [PMID: 24080485 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Metals are a threat to human health by increasing disease risk. Experimental data have linked altered miRNA expression with exposure to some metals. MiRNAs comprise a large family of non-coding single-stranded molecules that primarily function to negatively regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. Although several human populations are exposed to low concentrations of As, Cd and Pb as a mixture, most toxicology research focuses on the individual effects that these metals exert. Thus, this study aims to evaluate global miRNA and mRNA expression changes induced by a metal mixture containing NaAsO2, CdCl2, Pb(C2H3O2)2·3H2O and to predict possible metal-associated disease development under these conditions. Our results show that this metal mixture results in a miRNA expression profile that may be responsible for the mRNA expression changes observed under experimental conditions in which coding proteins are involved in cellular processes, including cell death, growth and proliferation related to the metal-associated inflammatory response and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Martínez-Pacheco
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, C.U., 04510 México, México
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13
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Heavner ME, Gueguen G, Rajwani R, Pagan PE, Small C, Govind S. Partial venom gland transcriptome of a Drosophila parasitoid wasp, Leptopilina heterotoma, reveals novel and shared bioactive profiles with stinging Hymenoptera. Gene 2013; 526:195-204. [PMID: 23688557 PMCID: PMC3905606 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.04.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of natural host-parasite relationships reveals the evolutionary forces that shape the delicate and unique specificity characteristic of such interactions. The accessory long gland-reservoir complex of the wasp Leptopilina heterotoma (Figitidae) produces venom with virus-like particles. Upon delivery, venom components delay host larval development and completely block host immune responses. The host range of this Drosophila endoparasitoid notably includes the highly-studied model organism, Drosophila melanogaster. Categorization of 827 unigenes, using similarity as an indicator of putative homology, reveals that approximately 25% are novel or classified as hypothetical proteins. Most of the remaining unigenes are related to processes involved in signaling, cell cycle, and cell physiology including detoxification, protein biogenesis, and hormone production. Analysis of L. heterotoma's predicted venom gland proteins demonstrates conservation among endo- and ectoparasitoids within the Apocrita (e.g., this wasp and the jewel wasp Nasonia vitripennis) and stinging aculeates (e.g., the honey bee and ants). Enzyme and KEGG pathway profiling predicts that kinases, esterases, and hydrolases may contribute to venom activity in this unique wasp. To our knowledge, this investigation is among the first functional genomic studies for a natural parasitic wasp of Drosophila. Our findings will help explain how L. heterotoma shuts down its hosts' immunity and shed light on the molecular basis of a natural arms race between these insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary E Heavner
- Biology Department, The City College, City University of New York, 138th Street and Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10031, USA
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14
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Ahluwalia A, Jones MK, Szabo S, Tarnawski AS. Aberrant, ectopic expression of VEGF and VEGF receptors 1 and 2 in malignant colonic epithelial cells. Implications for these cells growth via an autocrine mechanism. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 437:515-20. [PMID: 23831629 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.06.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Vascular endothelial growth factor A (referred to as VEGF) is implicated in colon cancer growth. Currently, the main accepted mechanism by which VEGF promotes colon cancer growth is via the stimulation of angiogenesis, which was originally postulated by late Judah Folkman. However, the cellular source of VEGF in colon cancer tissue; and, the expression of VEGF and its receptors VEGF-R1 and VEGF-R2 in colon cancer cells are not fully known and are subjects of controversy. MATERIAL AND METHODS We examined and quantified expression of VEGF, VEGF-R1 and VEGF-R2 in three different human colonic tissue arrays containing sections of adenocarcinoma (n=43) and normal mucosa (n = 41). In human colon cancer cell lines HCT116 and HT29 and normal colon cell lines NCM356 and NCM460, we examined expression of VEGF, VEGF-R1 and VEGF-R2 mRNA and protein, VEGF production and secretion into the culture medium; and, the effect of a potent, selective inhibitor of VEGF receptors, AL-993, on cell proliferation. RESULTS Human colorectal cancer specimens had strong expression of VEGF in cancer cells and also expressed VEGF-R1 and VEGF-R2.In vitro studies showed that human colon cancer cell lines, HCT116 and HT29, but not normal colonic cell lines, express VEGF, VEGF-R1 and VEGF-R2 and secrete VEGF into the medium up to a concentration 2000 pg/ml within 48 h. Furthermore, we showed that inhibition of VEGF receptors using a specific VEGF-R inhibitor significantly reduced proliferation (by >50%) of cultured colon cancer cell lines. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the contention that VEGF generated by colon cancer cells stimulates their growth directly through an autocrine mechanism that is independent of its primary function in the induction of angiogenesis.
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15
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Broekman DC, Guðmundsson GH, Maier VH. Differential regulation of cathelicidin in salmon and cod. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2013; 35:532-538. [PMID: 23727282 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Revised: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are an important component of innate immunity in vertebrates. The cathelicidin family of AMPs is well characterized in mammals and has also been reported in several fish species. In this study we investigated the regulation of cathelicidin expression in a gadoid and a salmonid cell-line in order to dissect the signalling pathways involved. For this, fish cells were treated with microbial lysates, purified microbial components and commercial signalling inhibitors and expression of cathelicidin was assessed with quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). We found that cathelicidin expression was induced in both cell lines in response to microbial stimuli, but the response patterns differed in these evolutionary distant fish species. Our data suggest that in salmonids, pattern recognition receptors such as TLR5 may be involved in the stimulation of cathelicidin expression and that the signalling cascade can include PI3-kinase and cellular trafficking compartments. A detailed knowledge of the regulating factors involved in AMP-related defence responses, including cathelicidin, could help in developing strategies to enhance the immune defence of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela C Broekman
- Institute of Biology, University of Iceland, Sturlagata 7, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
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16
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Said MB, Chouchène E, Salem SB, Daoud K, Largueche L, Bouassida W, Benzina Z, Ayadi H, Söderkvist P, Matri L, Hmani-Aifa M. Posterior microphthalmia and nanophthalmia in Tunisia caused by a founder c.1059_1066insC mutation of the PRSS56 gene. Gene 2013; 528:288-94. [PMID: 23820083 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Congenital microphthalmia (CMIC) is a common developmental ocular disorder characterized by a small, and sometimes malformed, eye. Posterior microphthalmia (PM) and nanophthalmia are two rare subtypes of isolated CMIC characterized by extreme hyperopia due to short axial length and elevated lens/eye volume ratio. While nanophthalmia is associated with a reduced size in both anterior and posterior segments, PM involves a normal-size anterior chamber but a small posterior segment. Several genes encoding transcription and non-transcription regulators have been identified in different forms of CMIC. MFRP gene mutations have, for instance, been associated with nanophthalmia, and mutations in the recently identified PRSS56 gene have been linked to PM. So far, these two forms of CMIC have been associated with 9 mutations in PRSS56. Of particular interest, a c.1059_1066insC mutation has recently been reported in four Tunisian families with isolated PM and one Tunisian family with nanophthalmia. Here, we performed a genome-wide scan using a high density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array 50 K in a large consanguineous Tunisian family (PM7) affected with PM and identified the same causative disease mutation. A total of 24 polymorphic markers spanning the PRSS56 gene in 6 families originating from different regions of Tunisia were analyzed to investigate the origin of the c.1059_1066insC mutation and to determine whether it arose in a common ancestor. A highly significant disease-associated haplotype, spanning across the 146 kb of the 2q37.1 chromosome, was conserved in those families, suggesting that c.1059_1066insC arose from a common founder. The age of the mutation in this haplotype was estimated to be around 1,850 years. The identification of such 'founder effects' may greatly simplify diagnostic genetic screening and lead to better prognostic counseling.
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Brusius-Facchin AC, Abrahão L, Schwartz IVD, Lourenço CM, Santos ES, Zanetti A, Tomanin R, Scarpa M, Giugliani R, Leistner-Segal S. Extension of the molecular analysis to the promoter region of the iduronate 2-sulfatase gene reveals genomic alterations in mucopolysaccharidosis type II patients with normal coding sequence. Gene 2013; 526:150-4. [PMID: 23707223 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Hunter disease or mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II) is an X-linked recessive lysosomal disorder caused by the deficit of the enzyme iduronate-2-sulfatase (IDS), involved in the catabolism of the glycosaminoglycans heparan and dermatan sulfate. Our aim was to search for molecular defects in the promoter region of the IDS gene in patients with previous biochemical diagnosis of MPS II and after we sequenced the whole IDS coding region and the exon/intron boundaries without detecting any pathogenic mutations. Screening of the promoter region of four patients detected in two of them a 178 bp deletion and in the other two a single nucleotide substitution 818 bp upstream of the coding region. The latter had never been described before in MPS II patients and it turned out to be a polymorphism. Our experience suggests that MPS II patients with no mutations detected in the IDS coding region should be screened in the promoter region of the gene. Findings will hopefully help to clarify the relationship between genotype and phenotype and will be useful for the correct molecular diagnosis of Hunter patients and the identification of female carriers, the latter particularly important for genetic counseling.
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18
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Xu Y, Fernandez C, Alcantara S, Bailey M, De Rose R, Kelleher AD, Zaunders J, Kent SJ. Serial study of lymph node cell subsets using fine needle aspiration in pigtail macaques. J Immunol Methods 2013; 394:73-83. [PMID: 23702165 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2013.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Lymphoid tissues are of intense interest for studies of the pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in humans and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) in macaques but are relatively difficult to sample non-invasively. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology, conventionally a diagnostic procedure for lymphadenopathy, can be used for longitudinal study of tissue cell subsets during HIV/SIV infection. In this study, we serially sampled lymph node (LN) FNA from pigtail macaques and studied cell subsets in the aspect of absolute count, frequency, and functionality by flow cytometry. The median recovered lymphocyte count from FNA samples was 2.01×10(5) (3.0×10(3) to 2.25×10(6), n=38) and median CD4+ T cell subset recovered was 5.94×10(4) (277 to 6.17×10(5), n=38). Although we observed a relatively large variation in the frequencies of cell subsets of FNA samples taken from different time points, the cell subset composition of FNA samples, in particular T cell and CD4+ T cell frequencies, was broadly comparable to whole excised LNs (n=6) and distinct from peripheral blood. A subset of CD4+ T cells that is located almost exclusively in secondary lymphoid tissues, T follicular helper (TFH) cells, was readily identifiable in LN FNAs and the TFH cell frequencies were strongly correlated with B cell frequencies. In vitro functionality of FNA lymphocytes was demonstrated using polyclonal SEB stimulation, resulting in a median 6% of responding CD4+ T cells, comparable to circulating CD4+ T lymphocytes. We conclude that serial sampling of macaque LNs using FNA is a potentially useful method to study the immunopathogenesis of SIV infection and may be extended to HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Xu
- The Kirby Institute, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia.
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19
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Liang J, Tsui V, Van Abbema A, Bao L, Barrett K, Beresini M, Berezhkovskiy L, Blair WS, Chang C, Driscoll J, Eigenbrot C, Ghilardi N, Gibbons P, Halladay J, Johnson A, Kohli PB, Lai Y, Liimatta M, Mantik P, Menghrajani K, Murray J, Sambrone A, Xiao Y, Shia S, Shin Y, Smith J, Sohn S, Stanley M, Ultsch M, Zhang B, Wu LC, Magnuson S. Lead identification of novel and selective TYK2 inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 67:175-87. [PMID: 23867602 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.03.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2012] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A therapeutic rationale is proposed for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, such as psoriasis and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), by selective targeting of TYK2. Hit triage, following a high-throughput screen for TYK2 inhibitors, revealed pyridine 1 as a promising starting point for lead identification. Initial expansion of 3 separate regions of the molecule led to eventual identification of cyclopropyl amide 46, a potent lead analog with good kinase selectivity, physicochemical properties, and pharmacokinetic profile. Analysis of the binding modes of the series in TYK2 and JAK2 crystal structures revealed key interactions leading to good TYK2 potency and design options for future optimization of selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liang
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
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20
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Aw S, Adams DS, Qiu D, Levin M. H,K-ATPase protein localization and Kir4.1 function reveal concordance of three axes during early determination of left-right asymmetry. Mech Dev 2008; 125:353-72. [PMID: 18160269 PMCID: PMC2346612 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2007.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2007] [Revised: 10/05/2007] [Accepted: 10/24/2007] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Consistent laterality is a fascinating problem, and study of the Xenopus embryo has led to molecular characterization of extremely early steps in left-right patterning: bioelectrical signals produced by ion pumps functioning upstream of asymmetric gene expression. Here, we reveal a number of novel aspects of the H+/K+-ATPase module in chick and frog embryos. Maternal H+/K+-ATPase subunits are asymmetrically localized along the left-right, dorso-ventral, and animal-vegetal axes during the first cleavage stages, in a process dependent on cytoskeletal organization. Using a reporter domain fused to molecular motors, we show that the cytoskeleton of the early frog embryo can provide asymmetric, directional information for subcellular transport along all three axes. Moreover, we show that the Kir4.1 potassium channel, while symmetrically expressed in a dynamic fashion during early cleavages, is required for normal LR asymmetry of frog embryos. Thus, Kir4.1 is an ideal candidate for the K+ ion exit path needed to allow the electroneutral H+/K+-ATPase to generate voltage gradients. In the chick embryo, we show that H+/K+-ATPase and Kir4.1 are expressed in the primitive streak, and that the known requirement for H+/K+-ATPase function in chick asymmetry does not function through effects on the circumferential expression pattern of Connexin43. These data provide details crucial for the mechanistic modeling of the physiological events linking subcellular processes to large-scale patterning and suggest a model where the early cytoskeleton sets up asymmetric ion flux along the left-right axis as a system of planar polarity functioning orthogonal to the apical-basal polarity of the early blastomeres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherry Aw
- Center for Regenerative and Developmental Biology Forsyth Institute, and Developmental Biology Department, Harvard School of Dental Medicine 140 The Fenway Boston, MA 02115, U.S.A. Tel. (617) 892−8403 Fax: (617) 892−8597
| | - Dany S. Adams
- Center for Regenerative and Developmental Biology Forsyth Institute, and Developmental Biology Department, Harvard School of Dental Medicine 140 The Fenway Boston, MA 02115, U.S.A. Tel. (617) 892−8403 Fax: (617) 892−8597
| | - Dayong Qiu
- Center for Regenerative and Developmental Biology Forsyth Institute, and Developmental Biology Department, Harvard School of Dental Medicine 140 The Fenway Boston, MA 02115, U.S.A. Tel. (617) 892−8403 Fax: (617) 892−8597
| | - Michael Levin
- Center for Regenerative and Developmental Biology Forsyth Institute, and Developmental Biology Department, Harvard School of Dental Medicine 140 The Fenway Boston, MA 02115, U.S.A. Tel. (617) 892−8403 Fax: (617) 892−8597
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Radkov R, Kharoubi-Hess S, Schaer D, Modyanov NN, Geering K, Horisberger JD. Role of homologous ASP334 and GLU319 in human non-gastric H,K- and Na,K-ATPases in cardiac glycoside binding. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 356:142-6. [PMID: 17349614 PMCID: PMC1987332 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.02.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2007] [Accepted: 02/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac steroids inhibit Na,K-ATPase and the related non-gastric H,K-ATPase, while they do not interact with gastric H,K-ATPase. Introducing an arginine, the residue present in the gastric H,K-ATPase, in the second extracellular loop at the corresponding position 334 in the human non-gastric H,K-ATPase (D334R mutation) rendered it completely resistant to 2mM ouabain. The corresponding mutation (E319R) in alpha1 Na,K-ATPase produced a approximately 2-fold increase of the ouabain IC(50) in the ouabain-resistant rat alpha1 Na,K-ATPase and a large decrease of the ouabain affinity of human alpha1 Na,K-ATPase, on the other hand this mutation had no effect on the affinity for the aglycone ouabagenin. These results provide a strong support for the orientation of ouabain in its biding site with its sugar moiety interacting directly with the second extracellular loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossen Radkov
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
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Gené E, Calvet X, Azagra R, López T, Cubells M. [Management of dyspepsia, gastroduodenal ulcer and Helicobacter pylori infection in primary care]. Aten Primaria 2002; 29:486-94. [PMID: 12031222 PMCID: PMC7679565 DOI: 10.1016/s0212-6567(02)70618-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/22/2001] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate management of dyspepsia, gastroduodenal ulcer and Helicobacter pylori infection in the setting of family practice. DESIGN An observational transversal study was performed. An anonymous questionnaire was send by mail between January and October 2000. SETTING Primary care. PARTICIPANTS Physicians of 17 Primary Care centers. RESULTS Sixty-four per cent of the physicians returned the answered questionnaire (107/165). Primary care doctors reported they had indicated eradication therapy at least once during last year in 94.3%; 89.7% usually indicate H. pylori eradication for duodenal ulcer and 70.1% for gastric ulcer. The main method for the study of dyspepsia was endoscopy associated with antral histology or rapid urease test for determination of H. pylori status. Omeprazole, clarithromycin and amoxicillin twice daily for seven days was the preferred eradication therapy (77.6%). Forty-five percent of physicians systematically tested patients to confirm cure of the infection; 36.4% tested patients only if symptoms relapsed. Breath test (72.7%) was the preferred method to confirm eradication. Physicians with postgraduate specialty in Family Care and Community Medicine (MFyC) demand less often gastroenterologist evaluation, indicate less frequently upper tract radiology, use more often C13 urea breath test for diagnosis and indicate more often eradication treatment for erosive duodenitis than unspecialised family doctors. CONCLUSIONS Management of dyspepsia and H. pylori infection in Primary Care in our area is reasonably adapted to current consensus recommendations. Many differences in management were observed between MFyC and non-specialised primary care physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Gené
- Corporació Parc Taulí. Barcelona
| | | | - R. Azagra
- ABS Badia del Vallès (DAP Cerdanyola). Barcelona
| | - T. López
- ABS Lepanto (DAP Sabadell). Barcelona
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