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Inoue M, Nakagawa Y, Azuma M, Akahane H, Chimori R, Mano Y, Takasawa R. The PKM2 inhibitor shikonin enhances piceatannol-induced apoptosis of glyoxalase I-dependent cancer cells. Genes Cells 2024; 29:52-62. [PMID: 37963646 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.13084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Glyoxalase I (GLO I), a major enzyme involved in the detoxification of the anaerobic glycolytic byproduct methylglyoxal, is highly expressed in various tumors, and is regarded as a promising target for cancer therapy. We recently reported that piceatannol potently inhibits human GLO I and induces the death of GLO I-dependent cancer cells. Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) is also a potential therapeutic target for cancer treatment, so we evaluated the combined anticancer efficacy of piceatannol plus low-dose shikonin, a potent and specific plant-derived PKM2 inhibitor, in two GLO I-dependent cancer cell lines, HL-60 human myeloid leukemia cells and NCI-H522 human non-small-cell lung cancer cells. Combined treatment with piceatannol and low-dose shikonin for 48 h synergistically reduced cell viability, enhanced apoptosis rate, and increased extracellular methylglyoxal accumulation compared to single-agent treatment, but did not alter PKM1, PKM2, or GLO I protein expression. Taken together, these results indicate that concomitant use of low-dose shikonin potentiates piceatannol-induced apoptosis of GLO I-dependent cancer cells by augmenting methylglyoxal accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manami Inoue
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Yuki Nakagawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Miku Azuma
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Haruka Akahane
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Ryusei Chimori
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Yasunari Mano
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Ryoko Takasawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
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2
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Laus MN, Blando F, Soccio M. Glyoxalase I Assay as a Possible Tool for Evaluation of Biological Activity of Antioxidant-Rich Plant Extracts. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:1150. [PMID: 36904010 PMCID: PMC10005046 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The health-promoting properties of natural plant bioactive compounds are mainly attributable to their ability to counteract oxidative stress. This is considered a major causative factor in aging and aging-related human diseases, in which a causal role is also ascribed to dicarbonyl stress. This is due to accumulation of methylglyoxal (MG) and other reactive dicarbonyl species, leading to macromolecule glycation and cell/tissue dysfunction. The glyoxalase (GLYI) enzyme, catalyzing the rate-limiting step of the GSH-dependent MG detoxification pathway, plays a key role in cell defense against dicarbonyl stress. Therefore, the study of GLYI regulation is of relevant interest. In particular, GLYI inducers are important for pharmacological interventions to sustain healthy aging and to improve dicarbonyl-related diseases; GLYI inhibitors, allowing increased MG levels to act as proapoptotic agents in tumor cells, are of special interest in cancer treatment. In this study, we performed a new in vitro exploration of biological activity of plant bioactive compounds by associating the measurement of their antioxidant capacity (AC) with the evaluation of their potential impact on dicarbonyl stress measured as capability to modulate GLYI activity. AC was evaluated using TEAC, ORAC, and LOX-FL methods. The GLYI assay was performed using a human recombinant isoform, in comparison with the recently characterized GLYI activity of durum wheat mitochondria. Different plant extracts were tested, obtained from plant sources with very high phytochemical content ('Sun Black' and wildtype tomatoes, black and 'Polignano' carrots, and durum wheat grain). Results showed high antioxidant properties of the tested extracts, associated with different modes (no effect, activation, and inhibition) and effectiveness in modulating both GLYI activity sources. Overall, results indicate the GLYI assay as an advisable and promising tool for researching plant foods as a source of natural antioxidant compounds acting as GLYI enzymatic regulators to be used for dietary management associated the treatment of oxidative/dicarbonyl-promoted diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura Nicoletta Laus
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Federica Blando
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, CNR, Via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Mario Soccio
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy
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Soccio M, Marangi M, Laus MN. Genome-Wide Expression Analysis of Glyoxalase I Genes Under Hyperosmotic Stress and Existence of a Stress-Responsive Mitochondrial Glyoxalase I Activity in Durum Wheat ( Triticum durum Desf.). Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:934523. [PMID: 35832233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Glyoxalase I (GLYI) catalyzes the rate-limiting step of the glyoxalase pathway that, in the presence of GSH, detoxifies the cytotoxic molecule methylglyoxal (MG) into the non-toxic D-lactate. In plants, MG levels rise under various abiotic stresses, so GLYI may play a crucial role in providing stress tolerance. In this study, a comprehensive genome database analysis was performed in durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.), identifying 27 candidate GLYI genes (TdGLYI). However, further analyses of phylogenetic relationships and conserved GLYI binding sites indicated that only nine genes encode for putative functionally active TdGLYI enzymes, whose distribution was predicted in three different subcellular compartments, namely cytoplasm, plastids and mitochondria. Expression profile by qRT-PCR analysis revealed that most of the putative active TdGLYI genes were up-regulated by salt and osmotic stress in roots and shoots from 4-day-old seedlings, although a different behavior was observed between the two types of stress and tissue. Accordingly, in the same tissues, hyperosmotic stress induced an increase (up to about 40%) of both GLYI activity and MG content as well as a decrease of GSH (up to about -60%) and an increase of GSSG content (up to about 7-fold) with a consequent strong decrease of the GSH/GSSG ratio (up to about -95%). Interestingly, in this study, we reported the first demonstration of the existence of GLYI activity in highly purified mitochondrial fraction. In particular, GLYI activity was measured in mitochondria from durum wheat (DWM), showing hyperbolic kinetics with Km and Vmax values equal to 92 ± 0.2 μM and 0.519 ± 0.004 μmol min-1 mg-1 of proteins, respectively. DWM-GLYI resulted inhibited in a competitive manner by GSH (Ki = 6.5 ± 0.7 mM), activated by Zn2+ and increased, up to about 35 and 55%, under salt and osmotic stress, respectively. In the whole, this study provides basis about the physiological significance of GLYI in durum wheat, by highlighting the role of this enzyme in the early response of seedlings to hyperosmotic stress. Finally, our results strongly suggest the existence of a complete mitochondrial GLYI pathway in durum wheat actively involved in MG detoxification under hyperosmotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Soccio
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural resources and Engineering, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Marianna Marangi
- Department of Clinic and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Maura N Laus
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural resources and Engineering, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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4
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Soccio M, Marangi M, Laus MN. Genome-Wide Expression Analysis of Glyoxalase I Genes Under Hyperosmotic Stress and Existence of a Stress-Responsive Mitochondrial Glyoxalase I Activity in Durum Wheat ( Triticum durum Desf.). Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:934523. [PMID: 35832233 PMCID: PMC9272005 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.934523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Glyoxalase I (GLYI) catalyzes the rate-limiting step of the glyoxalase pathway that, in the presence of GSH, detoxifies the cytotoxic molecule methylglyoxal (MG) into the non-toxic D-lactate. In plants, MG levels rise under various abiotic stresses, so GLYI may play a crucial role in providing stress tolerance. In this study, a comprehensive genome database analysis was performed in durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.), identifying 27 candidate GLYI genes (TdGLYI). However, further analyses of phylogenetic relationships and conserved GLYI binding sites indicated that only nine genes encode for putative functionally active TdGLYI enzymes, whose distribution was predicted in three different subcellular compartments, namely cytoplasm, plastids and mitochondria. Expression profile by qRT-PCR analysis revealed that most of the putative active TdGLYI genes were up-regulated by salt and osmotic stress in roots and shoots from 4-day-old seedlings, although a different behavior was observed between the two types of stress and tissue. Accordingly, in the same tissues, hyperosmotic stress induced an increase (up to about 40%) of both GLYI activity and MG content as well as a decrease of GSH (up to about -60%) and an increase of GSSG content (up to about 7-fold) with a consequent strong decrease of the GSH/GSSG ratio (up to about -95%). Interestingly, in this study, we reported the first demonstration of the existence of GLYI activity in highly purified mitochondrial fraction. In particular, GLYI activity was measured in mitochondria from durum wheat (DWM), showing hyperbolic kinetics with Km and Vmax values equal to 92 ± 0.2 μM and 0.519 ± 0.004 μmol min-1 mg-1 of proteins, respectively. DWM-GLYI resulted inhibited in a competitive manner by GSH (Ki = 6.5 ± 0.7 mM), activated by Zn2+ and increased, up to about 35 and 55%, under salt and osmotic stress, respectively. In the whole, this study provides basis about the physiological significance of GLYI in durum wheat, by highlighting the role of this enzyme in the early response of seedlings to hyperosmotic stress. Finally, our results strongly suggest the existence of a complete mitochondrial GLYI pathway in durum wheat actively involved in MG detoxification under hyperosmotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Soccio
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural resources and Engineering, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Marianna Marangi
- Department of Clinic and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Maura N. Laus
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural resources and Engineering, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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Usami M, Ando K, Shibuya A, Takasawa R, Yokoyama H. Crystal structures of human glyoxalase I and its complex with TLSC702 reveal inhibitor binding mode and substrate preference. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:1458-1467. [PMID: 35363883 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Human glyoxalase I (hGLO I) is an enzyme for detoxification of methylglyoxal (MG), and has been considered an attractive target for the development of new anti-cancer drugs. In our previous report, the GLO I inhibitor TLSC702 induced apoptosis in tumor cells. Here, we determined the crystal structures of hGLO I and its complex with TLSC702. In the complex, the carboxy O atom of TLSC702 is coordinated to Zn2+ , and TLSC702 mainly shows van der Waals interaction with hydrophobic residues. In the inhibitor-unbound structure, glycerol, which has similar functional groups to MG, was bound to Zn2+ , indicating that GLO I can easily bind to MG. This study provides a structural basis to develop better anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Midori Usami
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Koki Ando
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Asuka Shibuya
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Ryoko Takasawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Hideshi Yokoyama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
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Audat SA, Al-Balas QA, Al-Oudat BA, Athamneh MJ, Bryant-Friedrich A. Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 1,4-Benzenesulfonamide Derivatives as Glyoxalase I Inhibitors. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:873-885. [PMID: 35378924 PMCID: PMC8976160 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s356621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glyoxalase system is one of the defense cellular mechanisms that protect cells against endogenous harmful metabolites, mainly methylglyoxal (MG), through conversion of cytotoxic methylglyoxal into the non-toxic lactic acid. Glyoxalase system comprises of two enzymes glyoxalase I, glyoxalase II, and a catalytic amount of reduced glutathione. Cancerous cells overexpress glyoxalase I, making it a target for cancer therapy. Many studies have been conducted to identify potent Glx-I inhibitors. Methods Aiming to discover and develop novel Glx-I inhibitors, a series of 1,4-benzenesulfonamide derivatives were designed, synthesized, and biologically evaluated in vitro against human Glx-I enzyme. Seventeen compounds were designed based on the hit compound that was obtained from searching the National Cancer Institute (NCI) database. The synthesis of the target compounds (13-29) was accomplished utilizing an azo coupling reaction of aniline derivatives and activated substituted aromatic compounds. To understand the binding mode of the active compounds at the active site of Glx-I, docking studies were performed. Results Structure activity relationship (SAR) studies were accomplished which led to the identification of several compounds that showed potent inhibitory activity with IC50 values below 10 μM. Among the compounds tested, compounds (E)-2-hydroxy-5-((4-sulfamoylphenyl)diazenyl)benzoic acid (26) and (E)-4-((8-hydroxyquinolin-5-yl)diazenyl) benzenesulfonamide (28) displayed potent Glx-I inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 0.39 μM and 1.36 µM, respectively. Docking studies of compounds 26 and 28 were carried out to illustrate the binding mode of the molecules into the Glx-I active site. Conclusion Our results show that compounds 26 and 28 displayed potent Glx-I inhibitory activity and can bind the Glx-I well. These findings should lead us to discover new classes of compounds with better Glx-I inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suaad Abdallah Audat
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Arts, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Qosay Ali Al-Balas
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Buthina Abdallah Al-Oudat
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Mo’ad Jamil Athamneh
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Arts, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Amanda Bryant-Friedrich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
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Proietti S, Bertini L, Falconieri GS, Baccelli I, Timperio AM, Caruso C. A Metabolic Profiling Analysis Revealed a Primary Metabolism Reprogramming in Arabidopsis glyI4 Loss-of-Function Mutant. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:plants10112464. [PMID: 34834827 PMCID: PMC8624978 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MG) is a cytotoxic compound often produced as a side product of metabolic processes such as glycolysis, lipid peroxidation, and photosynthesis. MG is mainly scavenged by the glyoxalase system, a two-step pathway, in which the coordinate activity of GLYI and GLYII transforms it into D-lactate, releasing GSH. In Arabidopsis thaliana, a member of the GLYI family named GLYI4 has been recently characterized. In glyI4 mutant plants, a general stress phenotype characterized by compromised MG scavenging, accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), stomatal closure, and reduced fitness was observed. In order to shed some light on the impact of gly4 loss-of-function on plant metabolism, we applied a high resolution mass spectrometry-based metabolomic approach to Arabidopsis Col-8 wild type and glyI4 mutant plants. A compound library containing a total of 70 metabolites, differentially synthesized in glyI4 compared to Col-8, was obtained. Pathway analysis of the identified compounds showed that the upregulated pathways are mainly involved in redox reactions and cellular energy maintenance, and those downregulated in plant defense and growth. These results improved our understanding of the impacts of glyI4 loss-of-function on the general reprogramming of the plant's metabolic landscape as a strategy for surviving under adverse physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Proietti
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (S.P.); (L.B.); (G.S.F.)
| | - Laura Bertini
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (S.P.); (L.B.); (G.S.F.)
| | - Gaia Salvatore Falconieri
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (S.P.); (L.B.); (G.S.F.)
| | - Ivan Baccelli
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy;
| | - Anna Maria Timperio
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (S.P.); (L.B.); (G.S.F.)
- Correspondence: (A.M.T.); (C.C.); Tel.: +39-0761-357330 (C.C.)
| | - Carla Caruso
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (S.P.); (L.B.); (G.S.F.)
- Correspondence: (A.M.T.); (C.C.); Tel.: +39-0761-357330 (C.C.)
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Nickel K, Wensorra U, Wenck H, Peters N, Genth H. Evaluation of Immunomodulatory Responses and Changed Wound Healing in Type 2 Diabetes-A Study Exploiting Dermal Fibroblasts from Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Human Donors. Cells 2021; 10:2931. [PMID: 34831154 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The dermis is the connective layer between the epidermis and subcutis and harbours nerve endings, glands, blood vessels, and hair follicles. The most abundant cell type is the fibroblast. Dermal fibroblasts have a versatile portfolio of functions within the dermis that correspond with different types of cells by either direct contact or by autocrine and paracrine signalling. Diabetic skin is characterized by itching, numbness, ulcers, eczema, and other pathophysiological changes. These pathogenic phenotypes have been associated with the effects of the reactive glucose metabolite methylglyoxal (MGO) on dermal cells. In this study, dermal fibroblasts were isolated from diabetic and non-diabetic human donors. Cultured dermal fibroblasts from diabetic donors exhibited reduced insulin-induced glucose uptake and reduced expression of the insulin receptor. This diabetic phenotype persists under cell culture conditions. Secretion of IL-6 was increased in fibroblasts from diabetic donors. Increased secretion of IL-6 and MIF was also observed upon the treatment of dermal fibroblasts with MGO, suggesting that MGO is sufficient for triggering these immunomodulatory responses. Remarkably, MIF treatment resulted in decreased activity of MGO-detoxifying glyoxalase-1. Given that reduced glyoxalase activity results in increased MGO levels, these findings suggested a positive-feedback loop for MGO generation, in which MIF, evoked by MGO, in turn blocks MGO-degrading glyoxalase activity. Finally, secretion of procollagen Type I C-Peptide (PICP), a marker of collagen production, was reduced in fibroblast from diabetic donors. Remarkably, treatment of fibroblasts with either MGO or MIF was sufficient for inducing reduced PICP levels. The observations of this study unravel a signalling network in human dermal fibroblasts with the metabolite MGO being sufficient for inflammation and delayed wound healing, hallmarks of T2D.
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Li T, Cheng X, Wang X, Li G, Wang B, Wang W, Zhang N, Han Y, Jiao B, Wang Y, Liu G, Xu T, Xu Y. Glyoxalase I-4 functions downstream of NAC72 to modulate downy mildew resistance in grapevine. Plant J 2021; 108:394-410. [PMID: 34318550 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Glyoxalase I (GLYI) is part of the glyoxalase system; its major function is the detoxification of α-ketoaldehydes, including the potent and cytotoxic methylglyoxal (MG). Methylglyoxal disrupts mitochondrial respiration and increases production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which also increase during pathogen infection of plant tissues; however, there have been few studies relating the glyoxalase system to the plant pathogen response. We used the promoter of VvGLYI-4 to screen the upstream transcription factors and report a NAC (NAM/ATAF/CUC) domain-containing transcription factor VvNAC72 in grapevine, which is localized to the nucleus. Our results show that VvNAC72 expression is induced by downy mildew, Plasmopara viticola, while the transcript level of VvGLYI-4 decreases. Further analysis revealed that VvNAC72 can bind directly to the promoter region of VvGLYI-4 via the CACGTG element, leading to inhibition of VvGLYI-4 transcription. Stable overexpression of VvNAC72 in grapevine and tobacco showed a decreased expression level of VvGLYI-4 and increased content of MG and ROS, as well as stronger resistance to pathogen stress. Taken together, these results demonstrate that grapevine VvNAC72 negatively modulates detoxification of MG through repression of VvGLYI-4, and finally enhances resistance to downy mildew, at least in part, via the modulation of MG-associated ROS homeostasis through a salicylic acid-mediated defense pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiemei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Guanggui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Bianbian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Wenyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Na Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yulei Han
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Bolei Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yuejin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Guotian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Tengfei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
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Mohasseb HAA, Solliman ME, Al-Mssallem IS, Abdullah MMB, Alsaqufi AS, Shehata WF, El-Shemy HA. Salt-Tolerant Phenomena, Sequencing and Characterization of a Glyoxalase I ( Jojo-Gly I) Gene from Jojoba in Comparison with Other Glyoxalase I Genes. Plants (Basel) 2020; 9:E1285. [PMID: 33003277 DOI: 10.3390/plants9101285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Plant response to salt stress and the mechanism of salt tolerance have received major focus by plant biology researchers. Biotic stresses cause extensive losses in agricultural production globally, but abiotic stress causes significant increase in the methylglyoxal (MG) level of GlyoxalaseI (Gly I). Identification of salt-tolerant genes when characterizing their phenotypes will help to identify novel genes using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify the DNA coding region for glyoxalase I. This method is specific, requiring only genomic DNA and two pairs of PCR primers, and involving two successive PCR reactions. This method was used rapidly and easily identified glyoxalase I sequences as salt-tolerant genes from Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis (Link) Schneider). In the present study, the glyoxalase I gene was isolated, amplified by PCR using gene-specific primers and sequenced from the jojoba plant, then compared with other glyoxalase I sequences in other plants and glyoxalase I genes like in Brassica napus, ID: KT720495.1; Brassica juncea ID: Y13239.1, Arachis hypogaea; ID: DQ989209.2; and Arabidopsis thaliana L, ID: AAL84986. The structural gene of glyoxalase I, when sequenced and analyzed, revealed that the uninterrupted open reading frame (ORF) of jojoba Gly I (Jojo-Gly I) spans 775 bp, corresponding to 185 amino acid residues, and shares 45.2% amino acid sequence identity to jojoba (Jojo-Gly I). The cloned ORF, in a multicopy constitutive expression plasmid, complemented the Jojo-Gly I, confirming that the encoded Jojo-Gly I in jojoba showed some homology with other known glyoxalase I sequences of plants.
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11
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Li H, Zheng L, Chen C, Liu X, Zhang W. Brain Senescence Caused by Elevated Levels of Reactive Metabolite Methylglyoxal on D-Galactose-Induced Aging Mice. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1004. [PMID: 31619960 PMCID: PMC6760031 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a complex natural phenomenon that is manifested by degenerative changes in the structure and function of cells and tissues. D-Galactose-induced aging mice are an artificial accelerated aging model that causes memory and learning impairment, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. In this study, we examined the underlying mechanism of an aging mouse model induced by D-galactose. Our behavioral Morris water maze results revealed that D-galactose administration for 2 months significantly induced memory and learning impairment in C57BL/6J mice. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) results showed elevated levels of the metabolite methylglyoxal (MG) in D-galactose-induced aging mice. Whether and how D-galactose induces senescence by elevated levels of reactive metabolite MG remain unclear. In our study, MG mainly accumulated through the following two aspects: to increase its source, namely, the triose phosphate produced by the glycolysis pathway, and to reduce its detoxification system, namely, the glyoxalase system. Therefore, elevated MG levels may be one of the causes of brain senescence in D-galactose-induced mice. However, the molecular mechanism of the increased level of the reaction metabolite methylglyoxal requires further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.,Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine, Faculty of Geographical Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.,Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine, Faculty of Geographical Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Chen
- The Laboratory of Vector Biology, College of Engineering, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- National and Local United Engineering Research Center for Panax Notoginseng Resources Protection and Utilization Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Wensheng Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.,Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine, Faculty of Geographical Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.,The Laboratory of Vector Biology, College of Engineering, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China.,National and Local United Engineering Research Center for Panax Notoginseng Resources Protection and Utilization Technology, Kunming, China
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12
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González JM, Agostini RB, Alvarez CE, Klinke S, Andreo CS, Campos-Bermudez VA. Deciphering the number and location of active sites in the monomeric glyoxalase I of Zea mays. FEBS J 2019; 286:3255-3271. [PMID: 30993890 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Detoxification of methylglyoxal, a toxic by-product of central sugar metabolism, is a major issue for all forms of life. The glyoxalase pathway evolved to effectively convert methylglyoxal into d-lactate via a glutathione hemithioacetal intermediate. Recently, we have shown that the monomeric glyoxalase I from maize exhibits a symmetric fold with two cavities, potentially harboring two active sites, in analogy with homodimeric enzyme surrogates. Here we confirm that only one of the two cavities exhibits glyoxalase I activity and show that it adopts a tunnel-shaped structure upon substrate binding. Such conformational change gives rise to independent binding sites for glutathione and methylglyoxal in the same active site, with important implications for the molecular reaction mechanism, which has been a matter of debate for several decades. DATABASE: Structural data are available in The Protein Data Bank database under the accession numbers 6BNN, 6BNX, and 6BNZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier M González
- Instituto de Bionanotecnología del NOA (INBIONATEC-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero (UNSE), Argentina
| | - Romina B Agostini
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Argentina
| | - Clarisa E Alvarez
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Argentina
| | - Sebastián Klinke
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, Plataforma Argentina de Biología Estructural y Metabolómica PLABEM, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos S Andreo
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Argentina
| | - Valeria A Campos-Bermudez
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Argentina
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Schlotterer A, Pfisterer F, Kukudov G, Heckmann B, Henriquez D, Morath C, Krämer BK, Hammes HP, Schwenger V, Morcos M. Neuronal damage and shortening of lifespan in C. elegans by peritoneal dialysis fluid: Protection by glyoxalase-1. Biomed Rep 2018; 8:540-546. [PMID: 29805788 DOI: 10.3892/br.2018.1085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose and glucose degradation products (GDPs), contained in peritoneal dialysis (PD) fluids, contribute to the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). Local damaging effects, resulting in functional impairment of the peritoneal membrane, are well studied. It is also supposed that detoxification of AGE precursors by glyoxalase-1 (GLO1) has beneficial effects on GDP-mediated toxicity. The aim of the current study was to analyze systemic detrimental effects of PD fluids and their prevention by glyoxlase-1. Wild-type and GLO1-overexpressing Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) were cultivated in the presence of low- and high-GDP PD fluids containing 1.5 or 4% glucose. Lifespan, neuronal integrity and neuronal functions were subsequently studied. The higher concentrations of glucose and GDP content resulted in a decrease of maximum lifespan by 2 (P<0.01) and 9 days (P<0.001), respectively. Exposure to low- and high-GDP fluids caused reduction of neuronal integrity by 34 (P<0.05) and 41% (P<0.05). Cultivation of animals in the presence of low-GDP fluid containing 4% glucose caused significant impairment of neuronal function, reducing relative and absolute head motility by 58.5 (P<0.01) and 56.7% (P<0.01), respectively; and relative and absolute tail motility by 55.1 (P<0.05) and 55.0% (P<0.05), respectively. Taken together, GLO1 overexpression protected from glucose-induced lifespan reduction, neurostructural damage and neurofunctional damage under low-GDP-conditions. In conclusion, both glucose and GDP content in PD fluids have systemic impact on the lifespan and neuronal integrity of C. elegans. Detoxification of reactive metabolites by GLO1 overexpression was sufficient to protect lifespan, neuronal integrity and neuronal function in a low-GDP environment. These data emphasize the relevance of the GLO1 detoxifying pathway as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of reactive metabolite-mediated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Schlotterer
- Fifth Medical Department, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Friederike Pfisterer
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Georgi Kukudov
- Fifth Medical Department, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Britta Heckmann
- Department of Dermatology, Heidelberg University, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Henriquez
- Department of Nephrology, Centre Hospitalier du Nord, 9080 Ettelbruck, Luxembourg, Germany
| | - Christian Morath
- Department of Nephrology, Heidelberg University, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bernhard K Krämer
- Fifth Medical Department, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Hammes
- Fifth Medical Department, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Vedat Schwenger
- Klinik für Nieren-, Hochdruck- und Autoimmunerkrankungen, Klinikum Stuttgart, D-70174 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Michael Morcos
- Fifth Medical Department, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany
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14
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Tao H, Zhou X, Zhao B, Li K. Conflicting Effects of Methylglyoxal and Potential Significance of miRNAs for Seizure Treatment. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:70. [PMID: 29556176 PMCID: PMC5845011 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
According to an update from the World Health Organization, approximately 50 million people worldwide suffer from epilepsy, and nearly one-third of these individuals are resistant to the currently available antiepileptic drugs, which has resulted in an insistent pursuit of novel strategies for seizure treatment. Recently, methylglyoxal (MG) was demonstrated to serve as a partial agonist of the gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor and to play an inhibitory role in epileptic activities. However, MG is also a substrate in the generation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) that function by activating the receptor of AGEs (RAGE). The AGE/RAGE axis is responsible for the transduction of inflammatory cascades and appears to be an adverse pathway in epilepsy. This study systematically reviewed the significance of GABAergic MG, glyoxalase I (GLO1; responsible for enzymatic catalysis of MG cleavage) and downstream RAGE signaling in epilepsy. This work also discussed the potential of miRNAs that target multiple mRNAs and introduced a preliminary scheme for screening and validating miRNA candidates with the goal of reconciling the conflicting effects of MG for the future development of seizure treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Tao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xu Zhou
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Keshen Li
- Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,Stroke Center, Neurology & Neurosurgery Division, Clinical Medicine Research Institute & the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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15
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Schmitz J, Rossoni AW, Maurino VG. Dissecting the Physiological Function of Plant Glyoxalase I and Glyoxalase I-Like Proteins. Front Plant Sci 2018; 9:1618. [PMID: 30483284 PMCID: PMC6240745 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The Arabidopsis genome annotation include 11 glyoxalase I (GLXI) genes, all encoding for protein members of the vicinal oxygen chelate (VOC) superfamily. The biochemical properties and physiological importance of three Arabidopsis GLXI proteins in the detoxification of reactive carbonyl species has been recently described. Analyses of phylogenetic relationships and conserved GLXI binding sites indicate that the other eight GLXI genes (GLXI-like) do not encode for proteins with GLXI activity. In this perspective article we analyse the structural features of GLXI and GLXI-like proteins, and explore splice forms and transcript abundance under abiotic stress conditions. Finally, we discuss future directions of research on this topic with respect to the substrate identification of GLXI and GLXI-like proteins and the need of reliable quantitative measurements of reactive carbonyl species in plant tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Schmitz
- Institute of Developmental and Molecular Biology of Plants, Plant Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology Group, Heinrich Heine University, and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Düsseldorf, Germany
- *Correspondence: Jessica Schmitz,
| | - Alessandro W. Rossoni
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich Heine University, and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Veronica G. Maurino
- Institute of Developmental and Molecular Biology of Plants, Plant Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology Group, Heinrich Heine University, and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Düsseldorf, Germany
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16
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Abstract
Glyoxalase is one of two enzymes of the glyoxalase detoxification system against methylglyoxal and other aldehydes, the metabolites derived from glycolysis. The glyoxalase system is found almost in all living organisms: bacteria, protozoa, plants, and animals, including humans, and is related to the class of 'life essential proteins'. The enzyme belongs to the expanded Glyoxalase/Bleomycin resistance protein/Dioxygenase superfamily. At present the GenBank contains about 700 of amino acid sequences of this enzyme type, and the Protein Data Bank includes dozens of spatial structures. We have offered a novel approach for structural identification of glyoxalase I protein family, which is based on the selecting of basic representative proteins with known structures. On this basis, six new subfamilies of these enzymes have been derived. Most populated subfamilies A1 and A2 were based on representative human Homo sapiens and bacterial Escherichia coli enzymes. We have found that the principle feature, which defines the subfamilies' structural differences, is conditioned by arrangement of N- and C-domains inside the protein monomer. Finely, we have deduced the structural classification for the glyoxalase I and assigned about 460 protein sequences distributed among six new subfamilies. Structural similarities and specific differences of all the subfamilies have been presented. This approach can be used for structural identification of thousands of the so-called hypothetical proteins with the known PDB structures allowing to identify many of already existing atomic coordinate entrees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton M Kargatov
- a Institute of Protein Research , Russian Academy of Sciences , Pushchino 142290 , Moscow Region , Russia
| | - Eugenia A Boshkova
- a Institute of Protein Research , Russian Academy of Sciences , Pushchino 142290 , Moscow Region , Russia
| | - Yuri N Chirgadze
- a Institute of Protein Research , Russian Academy of Sciences , Pushchino 142290 , Moscow Region , Russia
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17
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Chen Y, Fang L, Li G, Zhang J, Li C, Ma M, Guan C, Bai F, Lyu J, Meng QH. Synergistic inhibition of colon cancer growth by the combination of methylglyoxal and silencing of glyoxalase I mediated by the STAT1 pathway. Oncotarget 2017; 8:54838-54857. [PMID: 28903386 PMCID: PMC5589625 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MG), an extremely reactive glucose metabolite, exhibits antitumor activity. Glyoxalase I (GLOI), which catalyzes MG metabolism, is associated with the progression of human malignancies. While the roles of MG or GLOI have been demonstrated in some types of cancer, their effects in colon cancer and the mechanisms underlying these effects remain largely unknown. For this study, MG and GLOI levels were manipulated in colon cancer cells and the effects on their viability, proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion in vitro were quantified by Cell Counting Kit-8, colony formation assay, flow cytometry, and transwell assays. The expression levels of STAT1 pathway–associated proteins and mRNAs in these cells were quantified by western blot and qRT-PCR, respectively. The antitumor effects of MG and silencing of GLOI were investigated in vivo in a SW620 colon cancer xenograft model in BALB/c nude mice. Our findings demonstrate that MG in combination with silencing of GLOI synergistically inhibited the cancer cells’ proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion and induced apoptosis in vitro compared with the controls. Furthermore, these treatments up-regulated STAT1 and Bax while down-regulating Bcl-2 in vitro. MG treatment alone or in combination with silencing of GLOI also reduced the growth of the SW620 tumors in mice by up-regulation of STAT1 and Bax and down-regulation of Bcl-2. Taken together, our findings suggest that MG in combination with silencing of GLOI merits further evaluation as a targeted therapeutic strategy for colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Lei Fang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Gefei Li
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Jiali Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Changxi Li
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Mengni Ma
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Chen Guan
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Fumao Bai
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Jianxin Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Qing H Meng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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18
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Kaur C, Tripathi AK, Nutan KK, Sharma S, Ghosh A, Tripathi JK, Pareek A, Singla-Pareek SL, Sopory SK. A nuclear-localized rice glyoxalase I enzyme, OsGLYI-8, functions in the detoxification of methylglyoxal in the nucleus. Plant J 2017; 89:565-576. [PMID: 27797431 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The cellular levels of methylglyoxal (MG), a toxic byproduct of glycolysis, rise under various abiotic stresses in plants. Detoxification of MG is primarily through the glyoxalase pathway. The first enzyme of the pathway, glyoxalase I (GLYI), is a cytosolic metalloenzyme requiring either Ni2+ or Zn2+ for its activity. Plants possess multiple GLYI genes, of which only some have been partially characterized; hence, the precise molecular mechanism, subcellular localization and physiological relevance of these diverse isoforms remain enigmatic. Here, we report the biochemical properties and physiological role of a putative chloroplast-localized GLYI enzyme, OsGLYI-8, from rice, which is strikingly different from all hitherto studied GLYI enzymes in terms of its intracellular localization, metal dependency and kinetics. In contrast to its predicted localization, OsGLYI-8 was found to localize in the nucleus along with its substrate, MG. Further, OsGLYI-8 does not show a strict requirement for metal ions for its activity, is functional as a dimer and exhibits unusual biphasic steady-state kinetics with a low-affinity and a high-affinity substrate-binding component. Loss of AtGLYI-2, the closest Arabidopsis ortholog of OsGLYI-8, results in severe germination defects in the presence of MG and growth retardation under salinity stress conditions. These defects were rescued upon complementation with AtGLYI-2 or OsGLYI-8. Our findings thus provide evidence for the presence of a GLYI enzyme and MG detoxification in the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charanpreet Kaur
- Plant Stress Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Amit K Tripathi
- Plant Stress Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Kamlesh K Nutan
- Plant Stress Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Shweta Sharma
- Plant Stress Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Ajit Ghosh
- Plant Stress Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Jayant K Tripathi
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Ashwani Pareek
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Sneh L Singla-Pareek
- Plant Stress Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Sudhir K Sopory
- Plant Stress Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
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19
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Guo Y, Zhang Y, Yang X, Lu P, Yan X, Xiao F, Zhou H, Wen C, Shi M, Lu J, Meng QH. Effects of methylglyoxal and glyoxalase I inhibition on breast cancer cells proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis through modulation of MAPKs, MMP9, and Bcl-2. Cancer Biol Ther 2015; 17:169-80. [PMID: 26618552 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2015.1121346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that methylglyoxal (MG) can inhibit tumorigenesis. Glyoxalase I (GLOI), a MG degradation enzyme, is implicated in the progression of human malignancies. However, little is known about the roles of MG and GLOI in breast cancer. Our purpose was to investigate the anticancer effects of MG and inhibition of GLOI on breast cancer cells and the underlying mechanisms of these effects. Our findings demonstrate that cell viability, migration, invasion, colony formation, and tubule formation were significantly restrained by addition of MG or inhibition of GLOI, while apoptosis was significantly increased. Furthermore, the expression of p-JNK, p-ERK, and p-p38 was markedly upregulated by addition of MG or inhibition of GLOI, whereas MMP-9 and Bcl-2 expression levels were dramatically decreased. These effects were augmented by combined treatment with MG and inhibition of GLOI. Collectively, these data indicate that MG or inhibition of GLOI induces anticancer effects in breast cancer cells and that these effects are potentiated by combination of the 2. These effects were modulated by activation of the MAPK family and downregulation of Bcl-2 and MMP-9. These findings may provide a new approach for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Guo
- a Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , China
| | - Yuning Zhang
- a Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , China
| | - Xunjun Yang
- a Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , China
| | - Panpan Lu
- a Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , China
| | - Xijuan Yan
- a Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , China
| | - Fanglan Xiao
- a Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , China
| | - Huaibin Zhou
- a Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , China
| | - Chaowei Wen
- a Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , China
| | - Mengru Shi
- a Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , China
| | - Jianxin Lu
- a Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , China
| | - Qing H Meng
- b Department of Laboratory Medicine , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
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Jo‐Watanabe A, Ohse T, Nishimatsu H, Takahashi M, Ikeda Y, Wada T, Shirakawa J, Nagai R, Miyata T, Nagano T, Hirata Y, Inagi R, Nangaku M. Glyoxalase I reduces glycative and oxidative stress and prevents age-related endothelial dysfunction through modulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase phosphorylation. Aging Cell 2014; 13:519-28. [PMID: 24612481 PMCID: PMC4326886 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is a major contributor to cardiovascular disease (CVD), particularly in elderly people. Studies have demonstrated the role of glycation in endothelial dysfunction in nonphysiological models, but the physiological role of glycation in age-related endothelial dysfunction has been poorly addressed. Here, to investigate how vascular glycation affects age-related endothelial function, we employed rats systemically overexpressing glyoxalase I (GLO1), which detoxifies methylglyoxal (MG), a representative precursor of glycation. Four groups of rats were examined, namely young (13 weeks old), mid-age (53 weeks old) wild-type, and GLO1 transgenic (WT/GLO1 Tg) rats. Age-related acceleration in glycation was attenuated in GLO1 Tg rats, together with lower aortic carboxymethyllysine (CML) and urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels. Age-related impairment of endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation was attenuated in GLO1 Tg rats, whereas endothelium-independent vasorelaxation was not different between WT and GLO1 Tg rats. Nitric oxide (NO) production was decreased in mid-age WT rats, but not in mid-age GLO1 Tg rats. Age-related inactivation of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) due to phosphorylation of eNOS on Thr495 and dephosphorylation on Ser1177 was ameliorated in GLO1 Tg rats. In vitro, MG increased phosphorylation of eNOS (Thr495) in primary human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs), and overexpression of GLO1 decreased glycative stress and phosphorylation of eNOS (Thr495). Together, GLO1 reduced age-related endothelial glycative and oxidative stress, altered phohphorylation of eNOS, and attenuated endothelial dysfunction. As a molecular mechanism, GLO1 lessened inhibitory phosphorylation of eNOS (Thr495) by reducing glycative stress. Our study demonstrates that blunting glycative stress prevents the long-term impact of endothelial dysfunction on vascular aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Takamoto Ohse
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology Tokyo Japan
| | | | - Masao Takahashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine the University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | | | - Takehiko Wada
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology Tokyo Japan
| | - Jun‐ichi Shirakawa
- Laboratory of Food and Regulation Biology Department of Bioscience School of Agriculture Tokai University Kumamoto Japan
| | - Ryoji Nagai
- Laboratory of Food and Regulation Biology Department of Bioscience School of Agriculture Tokai University Kumamoto Japan
| | - Toshio Miyata
- Graduate School of Medicine Tohoku University Miyagi Japan
| | - Tetsuo Nagano
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences the University of TokyoTokyo Japan
| | | | - Reiko Inagi
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology Tokyo Japan
- Chronic Kidney Disease Pathophysiology The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
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Semchyshyn HM, Miedzobrodzki J, Bayliak MM, Lozinska LM, Homza BV. Fructose compared with glucose is more a potent glycoxidation agent in vitro, but not under carbohydrate-induced stress in vivo: potential role of antioxidant and antiglycation enzymes. Carbohydr Res 2013; 384:61-9. [PMID: 24361593 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2013.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The contribution of carbohydrates to non-enzymatic processes such as glycation/autoxidation has been extensively investigated over the last decades. This may be attributed to either beneficial or detrimental effects of reducing carbohydrates, and most studies in the field of glycoxidation are focused on glucose. Non-enzymatic reactions of fructose have not been as thoroughly investigated as those of glucose. To compare glucose and fructose involvement in the generation of glycoxidation products under experimental conditions close to the physiological situation, we used intact Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells as in vivo model and cell-free extracts prepared from whole yeast cells as in vitro model. Both intact cells and cell-free extracts were incubated with glucose or fructose. It was shown that: (i) in vitro fructose was more reactive than glucose and produced higher level of autoxidation and glycation products; (ii) no substantive differences were observed for the effect of glucose and fructose on the intracellular level of glycoxidation products, when intact yeast cells were exposed to the high concentration of hexoses; (iii) the activity of defensive enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glyoxalases, and glutathione reductase) was increased in both glucose- and fructose-stressed yeasts, indicating the development of oxidative/carbonyl stress; (iv) glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity significantly dropped in yeast exposed to both hexoses, demonstrating its high sensitivity to reactive oxygen and carbonyl species; and (v) fructose more markedly activated glyoxalases than glucose. Involvement of glucose and fructose in the glycoxidation reactions as well as potential role of antioxidant and antiglycation enzymes in yeast protection against glycoxidation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halyna M Semchyshyn
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vassyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., 76025 Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine.
| | - Jacek Miedzobrodzki
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 7 Gronostajowa Str., 31309 Cracow, Poland
| | - Maria M Bayliak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vassyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., 76025 Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
| | - Liudmyla M Lozinska
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vassyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., 76025 Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
| | - Bohdana V Homza
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vassyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., 76025 Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
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22
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Martínez-Pacheco M, Hidalgo-Miranda A, Romero-Córdoba S, Valverde M, Rojas E. MRNA and miRNA expression patterns associated to pathways linked to metal mixture health effects. Gene 2013; 533:508-14. [PMID: 24080485 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Metals are a threat to human health by increasing disease risk. Experimental data have linked altered miRNA expression with exposure to some metals. MiRNAs comprise a large family of non-coding single-stranded molecules that primarily function to negatively regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. Although several human populations are exposed to low concentrations of As, Cd and Pb as a mixture, most toxicology research focuses on the individual effects that these metals exert. Thus, this study aims to evaluate global miRNA and mRNA expression changes induced by a metal mixture containing NaAsO2, CdCl2, Pb(C2H3O2)2·3H2O and to predict possible metal-associated disease development under these conditions. Our results show that this metal mixture results in a miRNA expression profile that may be responsible for the mRNA expression changes observed under experimental conditions in which coding proteins are involved in cellular processes, including cell death, growth and proliferation related to the metal-associated inflammatory response and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Martínez-Pacheco
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, C.U., 04510 México, México
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23
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Oprea E, Cinteza D, Berteanu M, Manolescu BN. The Relationship Between Alanerv(®) Consumption and Erythrocytes' Glyoxalases I and II Activities and The Level of Some Serum Markers of Carbonyl Stress in Post-Acute Stroke Patients Undergoing Rehabilitation. Maedica (Bucur) 2013; 8:249-255. [PMID: 24371493 PMCID: PMC3869113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Diabetes mellitus is one of the most frequent stroke-related comorbid states, and it is characterized by accumulation of reactive carbonyl compounds (RCOs), leading to "carbonyl stress". This pilot study was aimed to evaluate the effect of the consumption of the nutritional supplement ALAnerv(®) on some serum carbonyl stress markers, as well as on the activity of erythrocytes' glyoxalases in post-acute stroke patients undergoing rehabilitation. MATERIAL AND METHODS We created a study population of 28 patients, organized into (-) ALA and (+) ALA groups. Patients from (+) ALA group received ALAnerv(®) for two weeks (2 pills/day). All the subjects followed the same rehabilitation program. In both groups, blood samples were taken at the hospitalization and at the discharge moments, respectively. On these samples we assessed lactic acid, fructosamine and RCOs concentrations, as well as the activities of glyoxalases 1 and 2 from erythrocytes' lysates. OUTCOMES In (-) ALA group the concentrations of fructosamine and RCOs significantly increased (0.90 ± 0.04 vs. 1.02 ± 0.04, p = 0.020; 0.19 ± 0.03 vs. 0.28 ± 0.07, p = 0.027) during the study period. Also, glyoxalase 2 activity decreased in this group (27.04 ± 6.10 vs. 14.43 ± 3.02, p = 0.027). In (+) ALA group, the variation of these parameters did not reach statistical significance. Only, the activity of Glo1, which catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the glyoxalase pathway, had an increasing trend in (+) ALA group. The percentage of variation of fructosamine between (-) ALA and (+) ALA groups reached statistical significance (14.8 ± 5.2 vs. - 1.0 ± 13.3, p = 0.047). Regression analysis indicated that the activity of glyoxalase 2 was significantly influenced by the treatment with ALAnerv(®) (p < 0.001), while the concentration of RCOs was significantly influenced by diabetes mellitus (p = 0.030). CONCLUSIONS Our preliminary results suggest that ALAnerv(®) could be useful for the correction of the carbonyl stress status in post-acute stroke patients with diabetes. Also, this study underlines the need of a longer treatment period with a higher dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza Oprea
- University of Bucharest, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Catalysis, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Delia Cinteza
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihai Berteanu
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Bogdan Nicolae Manolescu
- Polytechnic University of Bucharest, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Science of Materials, Department of Organic Chemistry "C.D. Nenitescu", Bucharest, Romania
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More SS, Vince R. Potential of a γ-glutamyl-transpeptidase-stable glutathione analogue against amyloid-β toxicity. ACS Chem Neurosci 2012; 3:204-10. [PMID: 22860189 DOI: 10.1021/cn200113z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The antioxidant properties of glutathione (GSH) and their relevance to oxidative stress induced pathological states such as Alzheimer's disease is well-established. The utility of GSH itself as a pharmacotherapeutic agent for such disorders is limited because of the former's lability to breakdown through amide cleavage by the ubiquitous enzyme γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GT). In the present study, a GSH analogue, Ψ-GSH, where the γ-glutamylcysteine amide linkage is replaced with a ureide linkage, was synthesized. Ψ-GSH was found to be stable toward γ-GT mediated breakdown. Ψ-GSH fulfilled four cardinal properties of GSH, namely, traversing across the blood brain barrier (BBB) via the GSH active uptake machinery, replacing GSH in the glyoxalase-I mediated detoxification of methylglyoxal, protecting cells against chemical oxidative insult, and finally lowering the cytotoxicity of amyloid-β peptide. These results validate Ψ-GSH as a viable metabolically stable replacement for GSH and establish it as a potential preclinical candidate for treatment of oxidative stress mediated pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati S. More
- Center for Drug Design, Academic
Health Center, University of Minnesota,
Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455,
United States
| | - Robert Vince
- Center for Drug Design, Academic
Health Center, University of Minnesota,
Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455,
United States
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